How did Eta Carinae survive a supernova?

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Eta Carinae is a colliding wind binary star consisting of a pair blue supergiants. Thanks to 3D modeling, supercomputer simulations, and observations of the surrounding Homonculus nebula and light echos from the Great Eruption, astronomers are beginning to understand how Eta Carina may have survived a supernova-level explosion.
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🧭 References:
Frew 2004 articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
Rest, et al 2011 arxiv.org/pdf/1112.2210.pdf
Steffen, et al 2014 academic.oup.com/mnras/articl...
Weigelt, et al 2016 www.eso.org/public/archives/r...
Smith, et al 2018 academic.oup.com/mnras/articl...
Smith, et al 2018 academic.oup.com/mnras/articl...
3D Homonculus by Steffen, W., Teodoro, M., Madura, T., et al. (2014) svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11568
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[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

🔴 Learn more about how stars live and die: kzbin.info/www/bejne/j2POkH-Zma1sbJI

[@bluegold21]

Could the explosion have been a result of a pressurized zone between the outer core and convective regions of the primary star? If the secondary stars orbit plus the different physical aspects of the primary stars zones caused a difference in modulation between the zones at a point in time the waves within the convective and outer core regions would bash up against each other. Or maybe the frequency modulation just grew in strength throughout the prim star with each secondary orbit and eventually it broke out like a new star being stillborn from the primary? Sorry if that's morbid but I'm a creative writer so what can one do. Love the work LPA. Thanks for the cosmic info.

[@juliobenitodeurrutia6637]

"The great star for seven days will burn, Cloudy will make two suns appear. The Big Mastiff will howl every night. When the great Pontiff will change terrain." (Nostradamus: Centuria II; Quartet 41) Current version: - "The great star" is a Supernova that will explode with overwhelming force ... The total duration of these events is usually one year, but its maximum brightness would be only seven days ... And put to choose, I would bow by Eta Carinae, the biggest star in real size of the Constellation of Carina (La Quilla). It has 150 solar masses and is accompanied by Eta Carinae B, of 90 solar masses ... According to astronomers they are about to make "Hipernova", the most impressive cosmic burst ... - It will shine a lot even during the day, despite the brightness of the Sun. Astronomers believe that this could happen soon, and "It will appear in the sky like two Suns" ... - "The Great Mastiff will howl every night": They are the Media, Written press, Internet, KZbin, Radio and Television that will not fail to report such an astronomical event day or night ... - "When the Pope must move away from Rome", for serious political events that will bring him to America ... Could he refer to his last trip? ... -There is a prophecy of Garabandal, in which the visionary Conchita González announces "The illumination of consciousness", which begins with a great brightness in the sky that predisposes people to see their own conscience and says that "It will be as if two stars collide ": The extreme brightness of the star will be so strong that the fear of death clearly shows good and bad actions committed throughout life ...

[@ProjectPhysX]

5:49 wow! It's amazing when you can immediately see what's going on in such a complex simulation!

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@thenasadude6878]

Christian's presentation was particularly good in this episode

[@TheGunmanChannel]

Awesome vid was always Christian, Cheers!!

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Thanks man!

[@stephenbedford1395]

The Carina Nebula including Eta Carina is one of my favourite targets when I use my telescope. And from where I live in Brisbane, Australia, it's already 45 degrees up in my southern sky (I just checked). My scope isn't powerful enough to see the Homunculus nebula but the star itself is pretty, sitting among the beautiful nebulous clouds. The whole nebula is easily visible to the naked eye and it's surrounded by several beautiful open clusters like NGC 3532. It would be awesome to see the star go supernova as it's only 7500 years away.

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

That's fantastic, Stephen. You have such an amazing view in Oz.

[@bluegold21]

I'm from the UK so a little jelly of Oz view of the night sky.

[@DanielVerberne]

Amazing how much information astronomers can tease out of such distant objects.

[@bakdiabderrahmane8009]

i discovered this channel recently and i gotta say this is a very high quality content

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Thank you very kindly, I really appreciate it!

[@anshuman_eek]

This channel deserves more attention. The presentation was amazing

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Thanks Braxton!

[@vdiitd]

Amazing detailed explanation. I love these kind of videos.

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

vdiitd I’m so glad you enjoyed it. There’s a lot going on with this thing 🙂

[@pancake_crab4457]

This video is fascinating and this channel deserves more supporters.

[@Madbirdlady]

Many thanks for such an informative and interesting episode Christian. ETA Carina has always been an object of great fascination for me and it was fabulous to hear about the new research and theories.

[@vf7vico]

fascinating account of one of the really iconic cool systems and nebulae. thanks for making it, Christian!

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

victor thank you, Victor, it’s so much appreciated. Doing what I can to pass the time 🙂

[@s.e.111films3]

I really liked the explanation of how the nebula formed. Great work to the scientists who riddled that one out!

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Glad you enjoyed it and thanks!

[@SolaceEasy]

Clear description, great videos, top work, again! Stay Kind!

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Thank you, Steve. And kindness to you as well!

[@Midatlanticriverrat]

Thank you for this video. I really liked the fact that it was not just a talk about, but showed models, and got into some of the underlying science and observational findings. Interesting and informative.

[@PafMedic]

Great Video Christian,Glad To Be a Part Of Your Team,Weve Had Clouds..and Now Rain..Cant Catch a Break At Night,But Have Had Some Nice Solar Viewing For a Few Days,Now Work Is More Demanding,..Stay Safe,Clear Skies,and God Bless

[@Peter-dk2ov]

Great episode. Thanks for all your hard work

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Thanks, I really appreciate it!

[@lenin972]

I love this star. Thanks for the video, it was very informative

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

My pleasure. I'm glad you enjoyed it!

[@iljano20]

thank you for showing this🤩

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

My pleasure!!

[@joedasilva134]

I will never look at pictures of Eta Carinae in the same way ever again. I had absolutely no idea what was Inside the gas clouds. I found very interesting the theory of Triple star system . Thank u so much for all the detailed explanation which took a lot of research to make this amazing video . May the force be with U.

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Thanks Joe! I had a lot of fun researching the video and could have easily shown a lot more of the research that's been done. It is one (two) really weird star(s)!

[@joedasilva134]

Thank u Christian . I appreciate this channel n if u ever come to Seattle , please keep us posted .

[@jmcooney2000]

Brilliant video thanks! Going to be spending some time on your channel while I'm on lockdown 💪

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Thanks, and by all means, enjoy!

[@woody5109]

This Chanel is new to me, very impressive, liked and subscribed

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Awesome, I'm glad to have you along for the ride!

[@jamesdougan8789]

g`day christian thanks for the great video i was actually observing carina nebula when you posted this video almost 6 am here just about to pack up having a small break to watch your video thanks for the great info on my target for tonight it made my night cheers james D

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Awesome! I'm glad the video came in just in time :)

[@raTTy_auT]

Great video, a lot of well researched information packed very dense and compact. I hope it doesn't collapse into itself, before i can rewatch it again so i maybe digest the 80% i didnt digest in the first run ^^.. :)

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Thank you so much, and don't worry, the video is held up by degenerate matter :)

[@tomburns70]

Brilliant description. Wish more people knew even half of what it means

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Thanks. Hopefully I was able to explain the other half :)

[@andreslondono6642]

We need more bloopers to go along with the awesome info! 😂

[@huisbaasbob1923]

In a way I'm glad I only now found this channel. Huge backlog of content to burn through in lock down

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Well thank you very much! I hope you find my other work enjoyable.

[@vcuheel1464]

Excellent video! Very fun and informative!

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

I’m glad you enjoyed it!

[@cullyx2913]

Excellent content, as always.

[@mattcy6591]

"light echoes" is not something I ever thought about. That blows my mind. Makes me wonder if we can measure a past event we missed if we can guess where the light would reflect from

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

As long as there's some surrounding gas and dust, then yes we could monitor it long enough to pick up a flash. However, it turns out there are even more echoes from η Car that was detected than what I showed in the video.

[@mattcy6591]

@@LaunchPadAstronomy Sorry commented early on. Just got to that part of the video. That is an amazing method of observation! I hope we discover more echos from other events.

[@MrGeoffHilton]

I look forward to your new videos, better than broadcast documentaries.

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Wow, thanks!

[@LeePenn2492]

Nice one... informative as fook proper enjoyed that. .

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Thanks!

[@geefreck]

This is likely the most powerful, significant event in our part of the galaxy for quite some time. Planets like ours, down to the core, would have been shocked apart in blast waves that make anything we've ever witnessed insignificant. Colossal giant stars flying around each other, then almost being destroyed entirely by incomprehensible explosions that create stellar-level clouds, made of dozens of times the material of our sun being blasted outwards. The fact that it was nearly a supernova, but remained, is... simply mind blowing.

[@kenantahir]

i love your work man! your one of my fav astronomers! keep up the good work!

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Thank you so much, man, I REALLY appreciate it!

[@TheDisabledGamersChannel]

i used your link and signed up for Magellan tv.

[@naamadossantossilva4736]

Seeing this makes me think about all the crazy stuff we will find in the LMC.

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

LMC is a breeding ground of starstuff

[@stefanfilipov7254]

I love how pictures of things in space give such an illusion about the scale lol. You see this picture of 2 bubbles,and the he tell you the bubble has the size of our solar system xD.

[@juliobenitodeurrutia6637]

La gran estrella durante siete días arderá, Nublado hará dos soles aparecer. El Gran Mastín todas las noches aullará. Cuando el Gran Pontífice cambiará de terreno." Versión actual: "La gran estrella" es una Supernova, que estallará con una fuerza abrumadora...La duración total de estos hechos suele ser de seis meses, pero su brillo máximo sería de una semana...Y puesto a elegir, yo me inclinaría por Eta Carinae, la estrella mas grande de la Constelación de Carina...Tiene 150 masas solares y según los astrónomos está a punto de hacer Hipernova, el estallido cósmico mas impresionante...Brillará aún de día, compitiendo con el brillo del Sol..."El Gran Mastín todas las noches aullará": Son los medios de comunicación, que no dejarán de informar semejante evento astronómico de día ni de noche..."Cuando el Papa se deba alejar de Roma", por graves hechos políticos que lo traerán a América...Podría referirse a su último viaje?...Hay una profecía de Garabandal, en la cual la vidente Conchita González anuncia también "La iluminación de la conciencia", que comienza con un gran brillo en el cielo, que predispone a las personas a ver su propia conciencia: El brillo extremo de la estrella es tan fuerte, que el temor a la muerte hace ver con claridad los hechos buenos y malos cometidos durante toda la vida...Esta profecía está a punto de cumplirse, tal vez este mismo año...Debemos estar preparados para el "momento de la iluminación de la conciencia", es una gracia divina que va a convertir a muchas almas...

[@itsonlyapapermoon61]

Update please

[@HarleyQ42]

I want to know where that model came from! I want one!

[@alansilverman8500]

The magnesium is formed during nucleosynthesis, probably in a deeper shell than the nitrogen in the envelope.

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

That's one possible source, but it's also possible that the star formed from a metal-rich cloud so the Mg might have already been present in the star's envelope. It's frustrating that we can't directly observe the stars to understand better, but maybe in a few hundred years the Homunculus will become transparent :)

[@alansilverman8500]

@@LaunchPadAstronomy true...it also could be that, that region just happens to be at the right temperature for magnesium emission to be observed - always an issue when doing spectroscopy. Do you happen to know if other elements have been observed and what's their distribution?

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

@@alansilverman8500 not off the top of my head, but check the literature I linked to in the description. There's a couple of papers that discuss the spectroscopy. Cheers!

[@alansilverman8500]

@@LaunchPadAstronomy thanks, too lazy to do my own literature search. lol

[@albertperson4013]

Dear LPA, please study and present a video on "recurrent novae" so as to give a wider perspective on why stars can go "nova" without being destroyed. There are many papers published on this topic. Obviously, lighter materials, such as electrons, xrays, cosmic rays, etc travel faster (~sol) when emanating from a "nova" and the heavier materials such as protons and heavier elements, travel slower due to their mass. This explains why certain materials show up in different places in a dust cloud or nebula.

[@tinkmarshino]

I like the way you explain things.. Those that explain science always do so in "certainties".. When we all know it is a lot of speculation.. I know I am being picky but to me a fact is a fact and a guess is a guess no matter how informed it is.. You put science in the correct light.. "this is what we think" Rather then "this is what it is!" Thanks for you hard work.. it matters!

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Thank you so much, I appreciate it. It's fun to try to solve the puzzles nature presents us with.

[@tinkmarshino]

@@LaunchPadAstronomy That it is it! my friend.. and we must start with the truth if we are going to find the right answers in the end.. To the journey eh?

[@omeshsingh8091]

My favorite part of the night sky.

[@DanielVerberne]

2:22 - I don't know why it's not called out in the U.S. but streaming sites like MagellanTV are also playable via Google Chromecast/Google TV. Is Chromecast not as common in the U.S.?

[@blastyfs2]

How do they model the far side? Honest question

[@mogs23]

In case of a type 1A super nova wat happens to the star which is being stripped of material by whife dwarf when white dwarf explodes

[@victorbruant389]

Is space travel possible inside of a Nebula, or would the particles damage a spaceship? If not, would it slow down the ship?

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

It's weird to think of, but in a real sense the nebula isn't much more dense than empty space. Remember, this thing is many, many times larger than our solar system!

[@victorbruant389]

@@LaunchPadAstronomy Thanks!

[@badpexalpha2873]

I think the evidence shows it’s Deff only one Star... maybe it’s because the northern polar region is spinning one way and the southern polar region is spinning in they other direction this could cause the gap in the middle. Notice how both ends located at each pole remains flat and not ballooned out, this might be due to its lower angular momentum at the poles compared to the equator regions before expansion.

[@aspiewithattitude3213]

Somewhere in 2021 it's expected that NASA will launch the "James Webb Telescope". Lets hope that we learn from the Eta Carinae if NASA points the "James Webb" to the nebula. We maybe lucky to see inside it's soul and learn about what's going on and if it's any more interesting than the SpaceX Starship.

[@itsonlyapapermoon61]

They won't disclose

[@brianjohnson5272]

My theory is the companion star got so close perhaps even grazing the Carona of the main star it caused the nebula by creating a third pole and in the ensuring chaos several solar masses were ejected. I also note that both are orbiting something else could a third star a neutron or heavy white dwarf be hidden in the nebula?

[@saplingstreat5082]

Hello Christian could you please tell me if this primary star was always 120 m of our sun or did it start out at it's birth relatively the same as the sun. I know that stars grow as they age and they go into their giant stages. But I'm very nieve when it comes to such things (star mass) I should have stayed awake for astronomy 😴 my bad.

[@KarrGalaxyStudios]

My wife tells me all the time that my lobes are expanding as I get older too ;) awesome video!

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Thanks Kevin, I'm glad you enjoyed it!

[@ariochiv]

Are they expanding asymmetrically?

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Arioch IV yes they are. The rear lobe is expanding ~twice as fast as the front.

[@ariochiv]

That was meant to be a joke.

[@loudsubwoofer8492]

come on now, neither star went supernova. the great eruption was not a supernova event. still a beautiful sight. nature is amazing.

[@saxombie8614]

Damn, the sponsor blah on this video was the most large i ever saw of any youtube video ever! What the heck!

[@kovidphuloria9627]

Is James webb Telescope is going to observe this ? It would be so amazing 😀

[@Dragrath1]

Ah the Great Eruption also known as a supernovae imposter event is indeed fascinating with Eta Carinae A's eruption being the only one we have witnessed in our galaxy though it should be noted there is evidence for similar eruptions around other Luminous Blue Variable(LBV) stars If this eruption was quite different from the more distant examples what implications does that hold for these LBV eruption's as a whole?

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

I guess that's the question then: How different was the eruption? Given that most giant stars form in multiple star systems, perhaps it's not impossible that it could have happened in a similar manner elsewhere?

[@samiraperi467]

"50 million degree death" Big ouch.

[@planetariodemontevideo7627]

Could you please add the subtitles, in English, to the video? In advance thank you very much. Excellent channel, congratulations!

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Done. I'm surprised the subtitles weren't there but I just re-published them. Thanks for asking and thanks for the kind words!

[@planetariodemontevideo7627]

Wow!! What a quick solution! Thanks

[@FUnzzies1]

Do you have a link for the STL?

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

STL?

[@FUnzzies1]

@@LaunchPadAstronomy the file for the 3d print

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Of course: svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/11568

[@vegassims7]

Aren't you or any of the others going to cover the "Atlas" comet now barreling past Mars toward the Sun??? It's expected to outshine Venus mid-May of this year!

[@BlackStar250874]

Carina nebula, the forgotten one. Brighter and larger than Orion, but because its location in the southern hemisphere, it has more lousy PR department. Also Eta Carinae is so far away, that it could be gone already. Question is, how it looks *today* . Not almost 8000 years ago..

[@tonyb8660]

winds seriously

[@jonijoni1221]

that nebula thicc

[@oliviaphoenix4906]

Listen I am very astute on what is happening here . The flashing lights and the hypnotic hand gestures are a design to keep me in a Hypnotic State of mind. Kinda like mind control ever hear of big brother . Tell me I'm wrong I'd like to debate the inner workings of Subliminal messaging . It's just like the first commercials on TV eons ago

[@MrEnjoivolcom1]

Could you make longer videos? 20, 30, 40 minutes? Subjects like dark flow, white holes, blazers, exoplanets, etc. I'd watch every video! You're content is so informative, yet easily deciphered & understood (without "dumbing" it down). Just a request. Keep doing what you do!

[@Urbaez22]

Amazing content, I really like these videos (those I've already watched).. And I can't understand how this channel has just 48K subscribers, while other trashy channels for entertainment have hundreds of thousands or even millions.. Human stupidity? 😩

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Well thanks. I suppose I'll just have to do a better job, I guess :)

[@Urbaez22]

@@LaunchPadAstronomy Of course, one always can improve, however I honestly think that you are doing a great job. Thanks so much for the quality. Cheers!!

[@kagannasuhbeyoglu]

👍

[@lyledal]

I wonder what that that look like from a planet in the system.

[@blackpager]

"Present day variability and wind outflow..." hahaha well know what that's like in the present several thousand years in the future.

[@RedHotMother]

“Wake it up baby Shake it down easy Bring it back someday What'd I say? Movin' in closer Cut from a long shot Fade on a downbeat Ready or not, ready or not…” Coincidence? Def not! ✌🏼 💙⚡️❤️

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

I’m glad I’m not the only one who thought of that song 🎵

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

…and now that song is stuck in my head. Good thing it’s one of my favorites.

[@Haryazz]

JWT?

[@mcauliffe99]

Sounds like interstellar mosh pit!

[@SMunro]

Binary?

[@LoPhatKao]

video has 42,442 views theres a copy of hitchhikers guide in the background host seems like a hoopy frood _hits sub_

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

You sound like someone who really knows where their towel is.

[@ajhproductions2347]

Hey bud, just saw you in a minute physics chat. How have you been?

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Sorry, man I didn't even see this until now. Good to hear from you and hope you're well!

[@retsreinyrelgeinthrelaveri1456]

"rejiaesichon" lol

[@badpexalpha2873]

I bet those wings are a product of a reversed Lagrange affect

[@radioboyintj]

I wish a stellar monster was our sun

[@jwarmstrong]

Theory of guess x guess - some speculate a large bowl of beans caused the blowout

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

We can't rule it out completely, but we can say that beans have a very low probability of being involved here.

[@Chernosjk]

am I the only one seeing the guy at 0:30 ?

[@mjb9455]

Looks like we don't really know what a super nova is.

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

They are a lot stranger than we once thought!

[@itsonlyapapermoon61]

Eta Carinae, the 7th Angel, Angle of light... Revelations...photons coming to Earth...

[@noelrabina8446]

Eta Carinae vs Betelgeuse

[@itsonlyapapermoon61]

See the 👁 in the middle

[@etacarinaea1333]

I'm very powerful >:D

[@manw3bttcks]

Maybe the Great Eruption was a failed pair production supernova

[@V1CT1MIZED]

You need a better mic. Bad distortion, sounds like 00s compressed video

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Really? I listened to it on a couple of different systems and it sounds okay to me.

[@Involent]

@@LaunchPadAstronomy He's absolutely right. I came to the comment section to mention this myself. There are several points this video where your voice is echoey like you're talking into a tin can and/or distorted like you're talking through a fishbowl. (I can provide timestamps if you'd like.) Getting the audio right is always tricky, especially when you're a one-man crew. Overhead boom mics and baffling smooth surfaces in the studio can help.

[@grainingrice7033]

Deez nutz

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Indeez.

[@andybrummel5555]

you are everything i should have been

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Well, that's very kind of you to say, but don't sell yourself short!

[@andybrummel5555]

thank you for the kind words. space is the love of my life. From planets, stars, black holes, quasars, pulsars, nebula clouds, dark energy, quantum physics, string theory, neutron stars, super massive galaxies, star burst galaxies, quantum foam, setting up low earth infrastructure, establishing factories on the moon and mars, colonizing our solar system and so much more. I have all of this stuff inside me and nobody of like mind to talk too about it. I feel so alone in this world. When I talk about these things everyone just gives me that empty look.

[@PaulHigginbothamSr]

What in heaven's name is causing the tiny perfectly straight spikes of material. Please don't say the detonation but by what process in voluminous gas causes such radical speed spikes because being perfectly straight they must by necessity be at the very limits of acceleration.

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Those are likely the diffraction spikes caused by light passing through the telescope. They're pretty, but not real. Rather, it's just the way light from a point source diffracts around the spider support of a telescope's secondary mirror. Cheers!

[@vik_body_beld7294]

Stars outnumber planets . If Plan,ets had out numbered stars, there would be better chances of finding alien life. There are too many stars in the universe, all sizes.

[@robloccnmeme969]

εκ

[@radioboyintj]

I wish our sun was a stellar monster

[@thepeoplespelicansalinas5218]

Brotha you ads need to be way shorter.. a minute would be reasonable but you're way longer than that

[@michaels.chupka9411]

"reflect back"? disappointed. you should know that the particle "re" translates as back, so, to reflect back is to bend back back.

[@d3fau1thmph]

Pathetic advertising

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

Sorry you feel that way, but it's a great service that you're welcome to check out. Cheers!

[@dleivam]

Disliked and unsubscribed because of the sponsored ad.. I paid to youtube to not watch ads but I still have them due the greed of the youtubers

[@LaunchPadAstronomy]

David L. I’m sorry you’re unhappy with the ad, but I do need to make a living. Wishing you the best.