Chromosomes and Karyotypes

[@AmoebaSisters]

We make pinned comments for clarifications or corrections. Some updated versions of textbooks are using a more detailed definition of molecular sequences making up the centromere - which means that when you have a chromosome with replicated chromatids - you could consider it to have two centromeres (one per sister chromatid) although they are bound together in a region. Many textbooks still refer to a single centromere on a chromosome with two fully attached sister chromatids - as they are considering the complex where the centromeres are attached - and then they show fully separated sister chromatids with their own centromere. While we have done this as well by illustrating one centromere per eukaryotic chromosome, we think it is important to understand this complex is where they are joined with cohesin in the case of sister chromatids - as well as also understanding how the definition of centromere has changed. You can see a conversation about this here: twitter.com/AmoebaSisters/status/1192621868605419520 It would have been better for us to have said "centromere region" - and again, when sister chromatids are attached at the centromere region, it is still counted as one chromosome. If we update this video, we'll probably feature this information about the centromere and we'd like to improve our drawing to show the bound centromeres. -------- Other things to note: just as we mention in our video about Punnett squares with sex-linked traits, we want to add this here too: there is more detail to sex determination than just sex chromosomes and more combinations possible than XX and XY combinations. We have some further reading links you can check out linked in the other video and we also want to paste in some of the examples from that description here: XXY: www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Klinefelter-Syndrome XYY: medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/47xyy-syndrome/ X: www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Turner-Syndrome Info about SRY gene & also conditions related to variants in SRY gene: medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/sry/ -------- We appreciate the comment that there was a point in the video where one of our chromosomes had sister chromatids that didn't match in our illustration! It has been corrected. (Sister chromatids should be identical) -------- This is not our only playlist about chromosomes- we have a heredity playlist here! kzbin.info/aero/PLwL0Myd7Dk1FVxYPO_bVbk8oOD5EZ2o5W Also, you can find resources that go with our videos here www.amoebasisters.com/handouts

[@testacals]

Did you guys fix the video ? I can't see any difference (except the highlight) in those chromatids .

[@thienly102]

I love your videos but i have to keep pausing and rewinding to think because it's too fast.😥

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? 0

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class 10th boards

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When a 7-minute youtube video teaches you more than your teacher can in 50 minutes

[@nightblade6962]

Facts

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Not 50 minutes, make it 2 months

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fr

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perhaps you didn't listen in those 50 minutes. I use these videos in class often. But there is no denying that students don't always pay attention in class. Many of my students love these videos, and many have asked me not to show them as they understand my way of explaining better - I now use both formats to hopefully reach more students.

[@minions2350]

Stating the truth there

[@mohamedmagdy621]

I am a 5th year medical student .. karyotyping was always confusing me ..and i was so shy to ask my professors ...thank u for clarifying this

[@badenclosson8195]

So then maybe you can help clarify it to me... a karyotype is the shape of the chromosomes or how they look?

[@aryareddy019]

@@badenclosson8195 A karyotype is a chart that shows the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.

[@aryareddy019]

@@badenclosson8195 so you would need a karyotype - for example - to confirm that you had a trisomy, or maybe a monosomy or things like that, also to check for other types of mutations

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Is it important to study cytology in medical?

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shouldve got it down by 9th grade freshman year, like i did. *smirks

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butter than having salary while she/he is setting in the chair

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Ikr!

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me as teacher lol

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[@Sky-rn2kt]

I have been struggling with the whole cell phase in general and genetics with chromosomes and Karyotypes. Your videos have helped me so much this semester because you easily explain everything in a very simplistic way that makes sense and is clear to understand! I am so grateful for you guys, thank you so much for your amazing videos!

[@iffatjahan5305]

Thank you SOOO much for this!!! I have literally spend my entire life trying to figure out why two sister chromatids are still a chromosome, and you explained it so simply. These videos are the best!

[@teenangel4426]

Thank you! I ironically have my test on this in... about 40 minutes. Quick and easy to understand review! Life saver♡

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I'm a teacher and this video made me so happy. Really appreciate all the hard work you've put here to give quality education to all students of biology :-)

[@MichaelSmith-ij2ut]

Thaaaank you! The confusing visual representations and conflated re-use of the same terms has made this part of genetics rather frustrating. The zoom in a 4:50 showing the two sister chromatids so close together made everything click

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you are trully incredible, i am sure that almost 90% of students dont undestand de graphic of the karyotype because the problem on the counting of chromosomes, you have clear a doubt that i have had for years, thanks

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THANK YOU x 1 000 000 for addressing the annoying tendency of showing chromosomes only as they exist after DNA replication and not how they are "most of the time" in the cell. Thank you for all your excellent video content.

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my teachers would explain this lesson in like 50 minutes. it's insane how you explained everything so well in just 7 minutes

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Today began my personal journey of learning more about DNA coding. Thank you for creating videos of which are easy to watch, follow, and understand.

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Thank you! You hit all of the things that have confused me throughout my biology classes (like when things are called chromosomes vs. chromatids)!

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Great work Ma'am! After spending more than 4 days on internet I found this kind of video exactly explaining my queries. Thanks a ton! I thought only I was having these kind of doubts regarding no. of chromatids during metaphase and issues with 2n chromosome. This become further difficult to understand when you are not a bio student. Excellent work again! Thanks a lot!

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[@OrdenJust]

Best explanation I have found on this subject.

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i litterally love you, i was so confused about chromosomes and chromatids and this popped up

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I have watched this entire play list a good 5 times now

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this is so fun to watch while learning, the illustration itself is so helpful to visualise and understand while it also gives entertainment.

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Love your videos amoeba sisters you just cleared all my confusions about chromosomes Love your channel and teaching style May Allah bless you ❤❤❤❤❤

[@studyonly7875]

thank you so much for this video..... I have been always confused about chromosomes for years..Our teacher don't pick up common misconceptions...but you did..It was really helpful !!! :)))))

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4:02 I am so thankful for this!!! My god you're my hero

[@ericbenitez4082]

Amazingly explained chromosomes and how they are counted! Thanks so much!

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Best video on youtube👌👌👌👌

[@SaeedNeamati]

your videos are very informative. specially when you talk about misconceptions.

[@I_DidntKnowThat]

Thank you guys so much! I'm starting reading materials from a high school book, but a lot of the information is confusing or partial. Just like the way they described chromosomes!

[@asmaasma1524]

i just love you ♥ you answered all my questions that no one did before

[@Xyzeye]

ABSOLUTELY!!!...ABSOLUTELY!!! LOVE YOUR VIDEOS. you wouldn't believe the amt of difficulties I went through regarding this representation of chromosomes in karyotype. thank you for existing🥰🥰

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Love you from the bottom of my heart . 😍😍got this clear after a long time

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I am a neet aspirants and can u believe me..bec of these online classes I can't understand a word but if I do score good in neet I am definitely gonna recommend others of this channel..this channel deserves so much more ❤️

[@tiffanykim5556]

these animations are top-tier damn

[@suzannedm1223]

Wauw THANK YOU, I did not understand how to read this karyotype at all, I thought that the pair's where the sisters for way to long.... This video rocks!

[@monimoid]

ugh thank you. I was so confused why karyotypes only showed one chromatid!!

[@emilyzheng7559]

This is the video I really need to solve my problem. I was sooooo confused about the numbers of chromosomes. But one thing I'd like to add is the reason after the duplicated chromosome is still consided one chromosome is because it still contains only one set of infomation. ( read it from our textbook.) Thanks Amoeba Sisters. This really helps

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Mel and I found this content very helpful!

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Y’all are literally saving me

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Very good and interesting presentation which clear confusing parts in simple way

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Thank you!!! This really helped to clear up a lot of confusion about chromosome shape.

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This video rocks!! thank you guys this is exactly the information I need for my bio exam! :D

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This was the most important video ever

[@muzamilkelam2957]

It looks like you're the only one that understands my confusions and misconception. I had a lot of confusion regarding these monad and dyad chromosomes. You solved it, as always. Oh! I am in love with you 😍😍. Thanks a lot.

[@alexg3268]

thats wierd

[@Osama_Alkadomi]

OMGGG, finally, chromsomes and chromatids MADE SENSE!!!. Thank youuuuu

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love these videos. thanks for clearing up some things for me in a fun and enjoyable way! keep it up!

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[@vasantharumugam602]

Thanks a lot, Ameoba sisters. I can't explain in words how much I have benefited, Now only I understood fully about Chromosome and chromatid count. very nice explanation

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Thank you.... One of the best vids

[@chandayadav7572]

Thankuuuuuuu , for so long I was confused between chromatids & chromosomes 🙏🙏🙏

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You saved my time thank you😊😊

[@Cvs6010]

Thank you so much for this animated vedio..I could clear most of my doubts

[@sreekanthpallavoor3048]

Excellent explanation!!! Thank you.