Chromosomes and Karyotypes

[@AmoebaSisters]

We make pinned comments for clarifications or corrections. Some updated versions of textbooks are using a more detailed definition of molecular sequences making up the centromere - which means that when you have a chromosome with replicated chromatids - you could consider it to have two centromeres (one per sister chromatid) although they are bound together in a region. Many textbooks still refer to a single centromere on a chromosome with two fully attached sister chromatids - as they are considering the complex where the centromeres are attached - and then they show fully separated sister chromatids with their own centromere. While we have done this as well by illustrating one centromere per eukaryotic chromosome, we think it is important to understand this complex is where they are joined with cohesin in the case of sister chromatids - as well as also understanding how the definition of centromere has changed. You can see a conversation about this here: twitter.com/AmoebaSisters/status/1192621868605419520 It would have been better for us to have said "centromere region" - and again, when sister chromatids are attached at the centromere region, it is still counted as one chromosome. If we update this video, we'll probably feature this information about the centromere and we'd like to improve our drawing to show the bound centromeres. -------- Other things to note: just as we mention in our video about Punnett squares with sex-linked traits, we want to add this here too: there is more detail to sex determination than just sex chromosomes and more combinations possible than XX and XY combinations. We have some further reading links you can check out linked in the other video and we also want to paste in some of the examples from that description here: XXY: www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Klinefelter-Syndrome XYY: medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/47xyy-syndrome/ X: www.genome.gov/Genetic-Disorders/Turner-Syndrome Info about SRY gene & also conditions related to variants in SRY gene: medlineplus.gov/genetics/gene/sry/ -------- We appreciate the comment that there was a point in the video where one of our chromosomes had sister chromatids that didn't match in our illustration! It has been corrected. (Sister chromatids should be identical) -------- This is not our only playlist about chromosomes- we have a heredity playlist here! kzbin.info/aero/PLwL0Myd7Dk1FVxYPO_bVbk8oOD5EZ2o5W Also, you can find resources that go with our videos here www.amoebasisters.com/handouts

[@testacals]

Did you guys fix the video ? I can't see any difference (except the highlight) in those chromatids .

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I love your videos but i have to keep pausing and rewinding to think because it's too fast.😥

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[@mohamedmagdy621]

I am a 5th year medical student .. karyotyping was always confusing me ..and i was so shy to ask my professors ...thank u for clarifying this

[@badenclosson8195]

So then maybe you can help clarify it to me... a karyotype is the shape of the chromosomes or how they look?

[@aryareddy019]

@@badenclosson8195 A karyotype is a chart that shows the number and visual appearance of the chromosomes in the cell nuclei of an organism or species.

[@aryareddy019]

@@badenclosson8195 so you would need a karyotype - for example - to confirm that you had a trisomy, or maybe a monosomy or things like that, also to check for other types of mutations

[@seeratkhan5505]

Is it important to study cytology in medical?

[@expertise2103]

shouldve got it down by 9th grade freshman year, like i did. *smirks

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I really love how simplified yet accurate and fun these videos always are. Thank you.

[@CanonShot]

I have a final today. These videos have helped me immensely to gain an idea of what’s going on, then my required readings make more sense than they would had I not found this channel. The drawings are also great. Thank you.

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God I cannot put in words how much I love your videos! They help me understand complicated concepts so much! Please never stop making such videos!

[@MichaelSmith-ij2ut]

Thaaaank you! The confusing visual representations and conflated re-use of the same terms has made this part of genetics rather frustrating. The zoom in a 4:50 showing the two sister chromatids so close together made everything click

[@ektalakhera1]

I'm a teacher and this video made me so happy. Really appreciate all the hard work you've put here to give quality education to all students of biology :-)

[@sarrakitty]

I already knew all of this, but I'm gonna compliment on a very good video! Very easy to understand explanations about how all of this works and how to understand it, that someone who didn't know much about it before could follow along. A perfect video to show kids in school, and from the comments it looks like plenty of teachers have!

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I finally found a video that explains this subject perfectly! Thank you!

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Those videos make studying less boring

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Today began my personal journey of learning more about DNA coding. Thank you for creating videos of which are easy to watch, follow, and understand.

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i love the way u share ur stories with us, and it makes me happy we both had the same misconceptions. plus the way u teach is so enthusiastic. u don't sound dead or like a robot and speak really slowly and it helps me process the informations. sending lots of love :)

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Thank you so much!! Pinky got to visit Costa Rica for the first time this June. Such a beautiful country with so much biodiversity - we love Costa Rica!! We wish you a wonderful school year!

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[@rihan2815]

i litterally love you, i was so confused about chromosomes and chromatids and this popped up

[@OrdenJust]

Best explanation I have found on this subject.

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[@Xyzeye]

ABSOLUTELY!!!...ABSOLUTELY!!! LOVE YOUR VIDEOS. you wouldn't believe the amt of difficulties I went through regarding this representation of chromosomes in karyotype. thank you for existing🥰🥰

[@ericbenitez4082]

Amazingly explained chromosomes and how they are counted! Thanks so much!

[@姜维-r9g]

I used to have the exact misunderstanding about the shape of chromosomes as yours!!!! That's why your videos are so great. You do know what students are confusing about while teachers think everything should be easy to get.

[@brenda.rodriguez2003]

Why did my college book not know how to explain this? In fact, it did not show any pictures when explaining chromosomes. But this helped so much! Honestly, my favorite video, especially seeing the part where it says "What's going on?" because I felt the same way for a whole hour until I saw this video.

[@marylight9700]

I have you on Notification, but it didn't tell me about this or any of your other videos :-( (/cries) Anyway, cool video, loved it!

[@kakashibnl7984]

Well, this cleared a very annoying miss conception that i had, which was a huge problem for me when i was trying to understand cells division processes, my miss conception was to think that, a normal body cell, out of all division process, has 46 chromosomes that have 2 chromatides each, well i was wrong, because that's just a photograph taken in metaphase, in which chromosomes are duplicated already!! So, a normal cell has 46 chromosomes which all are represented by a single lonely chromatide, and your video help me understand that! Tyvm

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who at home doing this because the coronavirus

[@asmaasma1524]

i just love you ♥ you answered all my questions that no one did before

[@chandayadav7572]

Thankuuuuuuu , for so long I was confused between chromatids & chromosomes 🙏🙏🙏

[@dom4707]

This cleared up some stuff that profs say in really dumb ways, thanks!

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your videos are very informative. specially when you talk about misconceptions.

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Remember when watching a video was so amazing in class and now we’re all at home

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thank you for making this complicated topic really easy to understand!!!

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I just wanna say.. this is very cuteee and makes me understand quite a lot

[@905SunnyGachaGaming]

7:01 Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome)

[@akashdeshi01]

Thank you so much guys. You are fantastic. You clear my biggest doubt thank you soooooo much😘😘

[@sreekanthpallavoor3048]

Excellent explanation!!! Thank you.

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amazing explanation as usual ^_^

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I never learned SO MUCH

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Thank you for this explanation 🙏

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Wow! Great vid girls! Luv from brasil

[@Breyerlover4ever23]

Yeah, especially with GMOs and all of this "23 and Me" and "Ancestry DNA" stuff, genetics is definitely an expanding field - at least in popularity.

[@naveenchenna1338]

From child I have confused about haploid and diploid and 23 pairs chromosomes....now I got a clear ...

[@beinghuman477]

Excellent teaching👌❤

[@pbchauhan4797]

Thank you so much..... Nice explanation

[@thoseonetrains]

why did you put G twice, in its correct place, and where J would be?

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amazing video well done

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Brilliant! Keep it up!

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This is really good tysm

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Thank you sooo much 🥺😘

[@davidlei3097]

This video was posted on my birthday!

[@ponz1254]

Thank you.

[@etienne7930]

Are "sister-chromatids" and "homologous-chromosome" similar?

[@romaissach497]

sister chromatids are in the same chromosome, homologous chromosomes are 2 separate chromosomes that have the same height, shape.. they are similar to each other (you can say sister chromatids and another sister chromatids)

[@katharina_klotz]

So I didnt quite get it: a single stranded chromosome is a chromatid and two single stranded chromosomes/ two sister chromatids make up one double stranded chromosome= 23 of them are found in the sperm/ egg cells. Now body cells have 46 chromosomes, so 46 double stranded chromosomes= 92 chromatids. And these are wrapped as 33 homologous pairs: 1 pair has two double stranded chromosome. That is what you showed in the karyogram

[@nawazali2810]

Thanks... Very helpful 😘

[@psrpnk]

Yay now I can finish my science homework

[@anamikasumesh2168]

Easily understood

[@SuperGamer-er3eb]

Good video

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huh ok that interesting i was told to watch this in science class and hey it beats doing work lol 👍

[@muhammadfahar7814]

JAZAKALLAH loved it 💚🌟

[@MrTjp420]

thank you for knowledge

[@ej2497]

So we know about XX and XY but what about intersex and stuff? I’ve never seen a video to cover this stuff cause idk I like biology 😞

[@tiffanykim5556]

i now picture chromosomes with sunglasses and mouths :)

[@gabrielbarbosa4091]

One small thing... During interfase the chromatids are duplicated making a pair of chromatid. They are genetic similars, right? I dont understand that part because we have homologous chromosomes too and indeed they are similar genetic either. I‘m completely lost...

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You are doing great 😊

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Very nice

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Who else is back here in college 😅

[@Sara3346]

5:42 another side note, the way sex chromosomes working humans is not the way they work in all animals, birds and lizards don't do that last I checked.

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[@pranjanarahangdale9629]

wait, so basically in meiosis we have 23 chromosomes and 23 chromatids so we receive 23 chromatid from one parent and 23 from another right? MY GOSH THIS IS KINDA CONFUSING

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Tessa SAME

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When a 7-minute youtube video teaches you more than your teacher can in 50 minutes

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Facts

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Not 50 minutes, make it 2 months

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fr

[@tammywilmans4351]

perhaps you didn't listen in those 50 minutes. I use these videos in class often. But there is no denying that students don't always pay attention in class. Many of my students love these videos, and many have asked me not to show them as they understand my way of explaining better - I now use both formats to hopefully reach more students.

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Ikr!

[@aryareddy019]

When your eyes make stomach acid: O-O open em wide