Claire Reacts - The Restored Anne of Cleves Portrait

Join me as I react to the newly restored portrait of Anne of Cleves, painted by the renowned artist Hans Holbein the Younger in 1539. Housed in the Richelieu Wing of the Louvre Museum in Paris, this iconic portrait has undergone a transformative restoration, breathing new life into its captivating depiction of Henry VIII's fourth wife.
In this video, I'll be sharing videos taken by my dear friend, Dr. Owen Emmerson, who had the privilege of visiting the Louvre and capturing exclusive footage of the restored portrait. As we watch Dr Emmerson's videos together, we'll witness the unveiling of Anne of Cleves' portrait in its revitalised splendour, shedding light on the intricate details and vibrant colours that were previously obscured by time.
Prepare to be captivated as we react in real time to the stunning transformation of this Tudor masterpiece. From the delicate features of Anne's face to the rich hues of her regal attire decorated with pearls and jewels, every brushstroke comes to life with newfound clarity and brilliance.
So join me on this exciting journey of discovery as I delve into the artistry and history behind Hans Holbein's iconic portrait of Anne of Cleves. Watch now and experience the magic of Tudor portraiture restored to its former glory. #AnneOfCleves #HansHolbein #TudorArtistry
A huge thank you to Dr Owen Emmerson for sending me his footage. Owen is part of the Tudor Trio with fellow historians Kate McCaffrey and Nicola Tallis. They do wonderful videos and talks and you can catch up with them on their Tudor Trio patreon - / tudortrio

[@Anne-zw6ef]

I have always thought Anne of Cleves was the most attractive of all of Henry’s wives.

[@SamanthaN92]

I always thought Anne of Cleves looked beautiful in that portrait ❤ In my opinion, it's the most stunning portrait of any of Henry's VIII wives.

[@MrMcsia]

Quite ironic to think that the legendary "ugly one" in fact was the most beautiful one of all of them. There's this legend that this portrait was rather generous - but there is no historic evidence that it was a fraud. Holbein would have brought himself in severe trouble with the king. I think she really was as pretty as in the portrait, and Henry's resentment towards her had other reasons.

[@annamcuthbert3993]

Henry must of been very short sighted she is lovely

[@dorothywillis1]

She was lucky to have Holbein to paint the portrait. The other wives were not so lucky.

[@octavianpopescu4776]

@@MrMcsia "The ugly one" is a misconception. He and others did criticise her physical traits, but he wasn't saying "she's ugly", he was saying "she's not a virgin". People at the time believed that you could determine that based on breast shape and other physical traits not related to the genitals. He probably didn't get on with him at first, but what most likely really pushed Henry over the edge was that nothing came of his "Protestant alliance against the Emperor" dreams, especially since Anne's brother pretty much screwed him over (and her, for that matter, he just left her at Henry's mercy). Other criticisms of her were not related to her looks, but to her smell or even to her habits (I know Chapuys at one point called her a drunk). They were really kicking her while she was down.

[@cyn5962]

The results of the restoration of this portrait are impressive.

[@shellyhill6804]

If this portrait is accurate, Anne was GORGEOUS. Henry was such a fool, for so many reasons. I’m pleased she made it out of that situation so well.

[@suziemartin3587]

Anne is stunning. Henry was an idiot. A misogynist pig.

[@suemount6042]

My sentiments precisely

[@sixeses]

Thanks Claire. Nice to see Anne restored. She was very lucky that Henry didn't like her from the start and went on to live happily for seventeen years. It's a shame she didn't survive a little longer to see Elizabeth become Queen.

[@SharonPadget]

The clothes and jewelry are fabulous. She looks very pretty to me. Henry was wrong about her, I’m sure.

[@trishayamada807]

She looks so serene and pleasant; like a person you could have kind words with.

[@deborahbrottmiller2948]

What an honor it would be to be the one involved in restoring it. Boy she must have really bruised his ego on that first meeting.

[@livesouthernable]

The coloring and shading make all the difference! Removing all those dark colors and shadows brightened her complexion so much, it really made her look young and healthy. What a difference!

[@UtahGmaw99]

This is a great example of a restoration done right. It's gorgouse! Thank you to those who worked on it. A wounderful job!

[@user-ux2rs1vh2s]

Anne looks beautiful! She certainly does NOT look like a Flanders mare!!!!!

[@christinetitus6388]

Wow! The vivid blue background brings out the details in her headdress & dress. It also compliments her creamy complexion & beautiful brown eyes. She was beautiful

[@leticiagarcia9025]

She’s absolutely stunning. That veil was exquisite. Thank you for sharing the restored portrait of Anne of Cleves.

[@jenniferstone2975]

Wow! The restoration makes every detail pop! She looks so young and fresh faced. Her hands are beautiful. Hans Holbein was indeed a master at his craft.

[@anneboleynfiles]

He was!

[@doyeworrell1680]

Oh my goodness, what a transformation. I never thought the background was such a vivid blue but it is the perfect composition for her gorgeous gown and makes her appear almost angelic with the milky white complexion. I never even noticed all the details of the pearls and gold trim on the sleeves before, this restoration was a success!

[@jopaw1688]

I had the pleasure of seeing it just last Friday! The portrait looks amazing! The colours are very vivid and the portrait was bigger than what I expected. This is the true mona lisa of the Louvre and we were the only one there to see her, no other person in sight - is she smiling, is she not? Would this portrait have been considered beautiful then? Is she looking at you or somwehere else? Truly amazing!

[@anneboleynfiles]

Ooooh, lucky you!

[@playme129]

Blue, Red, and Yellow. The primary colors complete each other beautifully.

[@eveywrens]

Holbein's portraits are spectacular in their detail. What a transformation! Thank you Owen and Claire!

[@carolynnr.6409]

Hans Holbein was also was a clothing designer and I'll bet he knew textiles. Every painting has such detail to the clothing!

[@twiley3530]

She's beautiful! Wonder what was really bugging Henry???

[@crystalalcairo3751]

When Henry and Anne first met, she had no idea who he was and when he tried to kiss her, she pushed him away; it was quite a blow to his over sized ego and he wouldn't even give her a chance. The fact that Anne didn't speak English, play an instrument, sing, or know how to dance didn't help either. Nor did her German fashions which were considered unattractive by the English court. If Henry had given Anne a chance they might have had a good marriage and Catherine Howard would have kept her head.

[@dalestaley5637]

The gown appears to be velvet. The trim is amazing. The cap, devine. I know it was heavy. My wedding gown had over 100 pearls and it weighed 15 lbs. I had to have it pealed off at the end of the day as I was exhausted from it's weight. My poor new husband, who knew nothing about women's clothes had to patiently undo each thread loop from the pearl it was attached to. We were laughing at this effort. I would never make the same choice again. I know portraits take time to sit for. I imagine Anne was put through quite a process to get this done for someone who didn't deserve it. We love it, appreciate her and ultimately she was the Queen who made the smartest negotiation. Hever Castle was her home as well. I can imagine Anne Boleyn's Elizabeth visiting Anne of Cleves there. How wonderful.

[@flowerchild2657]

Wow, now you certainly made me want to see a picture of your wedding gown, it sounds absolutely gorgeous with all those pearls 😍 ....even though you regret your choice of wardrobe 😁

[@dorothywillis1]

I have read that the painter was given the clothing and accessories to copy, perhaps modeled by a lady of the court, and did the face and hands separately. That meant the subject didn't have to pose for hours in heavy clothing.

[@dorothywillis1]

I have seen wedding dresses that had a zipper down the back with a row of pearls sewn on top of the fold covering the zipper. Less classy, but much easier to get in and out of!

[@anneboleynfiles]

Yes, the different elements are so heavy.

[@annamcuthbert3993]

The artist was BRILLIANT

[@gonefishing167]

I’ve always thought Anne’s portrait showed a very pretty young woman. I don’t think Holbein would have dared not paint it accurately. Oooh, I’d love to see it. Thank you Claire . Love to the cats 🐈 and Teasel 🙏🙏🙏🐈🐕👵🇦🇺

[@anneboleynfiles]

Thank you!

[@sassytbc7923]

It’s like someone shone a light on the picture. Stunning

[@gypsyjustgypsy]

Good bye, grime, soot and discolored varnish and hello, Anne of Cleves. Wow! I'm with you, Claire. Let's start a petition to have all the Tudor paintings cleaned up and restored.

[@giraffequeen9437]

The idea that anyone could think Anne wasn't beautiful astounds me. She is stunning! Those eyes! So serene and warm!

[@gill8779]

When I dressed my Anne of Cleves doll I tried so hard to replicate her costume & I remember the headdress being so heavy on the dolls head with all the pearls & gold, but I never saw the inscription. I think I will have to try to put that on, she was the one I enjoyed doing the most.

[@srobs1216]

Gorgeous painting; really beautiful woman. Thank you.

[@DipityS]

Goodness me, that is such beautiful painting and the difference! The restorers must have been continuously exclaiming while they were cleaning away the smoke and soot of centuries and finding the gleam of infinite pearls - the beautiful background blue - the brilliancy of Anne of Cleves' eyes. Thank you to you and your friend Tim for allowing us to see this.

[@miladyblue5077]

We need to get the restoration team who handled this portrait on the job with the known portraits of Henry's other wives. The Hever Rose portrait of Anne Boleyn, and that National Portrait Gallery picture of Anne are two that would be the top of my list.

[@anneboleynfiles]

Hever Castle had the Rose portrait restored and it looks wonderful now. Much brighter.

[@My2Monkeeys]

Wow!! It's absolutely stunning!! Anne was simply gorgeous! Holbein really was such an amazing painter 😍😍😍

[@annalisette5897]

The supposed Holbein miniature thought to be Katherine Howard and recently suggested to be Anne of Cleves, also has such a blue background. For what it's worth.

[@anneboleynfiles]

That's true.

[@johnsullivan6843]

This showcases the care and exceptional skill of Holbein all those years ago, as well as care and skill of the restorers here in the 21st century! Good riddance to the smoke and microscopic dirt that found its way into this masterpiece. It's a win for everyone! Yes, I now want other Tudor portraits restored as well as some of Europe's amazing cathedrals that are unfortunately pitch black (ie Cologne) because of all the smoke churned out during the industrial revolution.

[@deborahbrottmiller2948]

Absolutely stunning

[@saradecapua3264]

I have always found Anne of Cleves to be beautiful in an unusual way. Her clothing is stunning and the head covering.....breathtaking. Henry made a huge mistake giving her up. Thank you for showing us this restoration.

[@kartos.]

So glad it's been restored!

[@susanbellefeuille]

Wow! magnificent colours and detail. Anne of Cleves was not unattractive as was stated by some in the Tudor period.

[@LauraHenderson-wx6xy]

Simply Stunning ! My favorite Queen looking her very best. 💖✨👑✨💖

[@theresecatalano4017]

I don’t think I realized there was a vail over the headdress. I agree with you Claire, Holbein is amazing!

[@Bildgesmythe]

Yes!

[@monicacall7532]

Exquisite portrait!

[@annettefournier9655]

Stunningly beautiful portrait. Even more so now that centuries of grime have been lifted off of it. 48x65cm in size or 18x25 inches. The detail is breathtaking. Thank you for showing us.❤

[@charlottehardy822]

The details that are now evident are exquisite. Beautiful portrait ❤

[@gwinniboots]

It is even more beautiful than before. She comes across as a gentle person.

[@tonyalogan5095]

I love your reaction. I can hear the excitment in your voice. You are one that made me love the Tudors. Thank you

[@anneboleynfiles]

Aw, thank you, that's lovely to hear.

[@cliffswearingen8577]

Incredible restoration…incredible portrait!

[@flowerchild2657]

Well, thank you very much Claire (and Owen Emerson!!) because I didn't even know that Le Louvre was in possession of this portrait!! It certainly makes me want to pop to there 😍 I'm lucky enough to live just outside Paris and the several times I went to the galerie Richelieu I can't remember ever seeing this portrait, for sure it would have caught my eye bc last summer I went to the gorgeous German and flamish aisle ! Now I understand why, it was out of sight bc of the restoration!! As you said, no wonder Henry VIII fell in love with the portrait. And like everybody else I find it hard to believe that he found her kind of repulsive. If that were the case, when he played his little scene pretending to be someone else, well, he wouldn't have kissed her would he 🙄?! I mean it's a bit like some of those guys who would hit on you in the street but become agressive and insult you the second you reject them 🤣

[@anneboleynfiles]

Yes, we all want to go now!

[@ladymeghenderson9337]

She really was quite lovely. The veil is gossamer

[@MJ-Fangirl-]

Was waiting for your video on this!! I saw a pic of the restoration a while ago and my jaw dropped!! She was so beautiful!

[@theresalaux5655]

Wow!🎉😊

[@Shane-Flanagan]

Thanks so much Claire, I was looking forward to hearing your thoughts on this! It's really something! 😍 Since first hearing about this, I've been spreading news, commenting here and there. Great excitement over this, some people weren't aware and were grateful for having been informed. The vivid colours are amazing, the beautiful blue background and the rich red and gold. All those little details perfectly captured by Holbein. He really was in a league of his own. And of course the skin and it's complexion. Such Perfection 👌

[@kimhaas7586]

Her portrait looks very lifelike. She gives the impression of someone who is straining a bit to stay in one position, like she’s not used to being painted. She’s a bit of a shy debutante. All dressed up and encrusted. Her family must have really wanted a match but she looks like she was just whisked out of the sewing room, scrubbed up and draped.

[@Lyndell-P]

🇭🇲 Restored so beautifully, and what an amazing difference the restoration made. Anne of Cleves has always been one of my favourite Tudor ladies, and I always thought her to be quite pretty. The outfit she is wearing in this portrait, is also, so amazing, as we much all remember that these beautiful garments were 'hand made'. Amazing in itself! This was a real treat, and "Thank you" so much Claire xx

[@user-yi7mg5ig6l]

She is Breathtaking! Thank you for sharing this with us, Claire, your reaction is lovely!

[@dalestaley5637]

It's gorgeous. I can't imagine being the person who receives it to restore. I wonder where they started? What part was revealed first? I saw Dr Owen Emmerson's KZbin comments and the portrait. I know you're friends and I thought of you, Claire. You and Tim must go in person at some point. You have talked so much about Anne of Cleves. This is so exciting.

[@anneboleynfiles]

Yes, I definitely want to go to Paris again.

[@carolynnr.6409]

You have saved me a trip to Paris! Thank-you.

[@joanrankin2827]

Stunning!

[@EarlyMusicDiva]

How I hope this gorgeous painting is under some sort of protective shielding... considering the, shall we say, food fights that have erupted in art galleries...

[@SmartStart24]

It’s gorgeous and Anne is so pretty!! What a marvelous job they did!

[@6falconsue]

I'm fascinated by art restoration--I've seen several programs on PBS about it. Very tedious and exacting work but think of the thrill of making a painting come to life again! Thank you, Claire and Tim, and Owen of course, for the wonderful opportunity to see this beautiful portrait of Anne of Cleves as it was meant to be. I'm sure Herr Hans Holbein would be pleased, as well!

[@anneboleynfiles]

I'm fascinated too!

[@KristenK78]

Highly recommend Baumgartner Restorations here on KZbin. He does amazing restoration work, from the most mundane landscapes, to portraits, some religious works, and a handful of sculptures. And he explains his entire process. (But the best part is always the cleaning. Always.)

[@cindyrobinson3077]

It is stunning! Thank you for sharing

[@pamsharpe60]

It’s absolutely beautiful, thank you for sharing it. I’ve always had a passion for portraits of anyone. The subject isn’t important, I just love looking at the faces of people long gone and the work of a great artist.

[@lauramason5667]

Such a sparkling difference. From the tutor exhibit they had at the Metropolitan Museum of Art and New York. I learned that they would actually so real jewels and pearls into the fabrics for their clothing. Amazing by today’s standards. Lovely video and thank you, Claire. ❤

[@alancumming6407]

A wonderful vlog. The detail in the head dress is magnificent. Although it is probably just my imagination I believe the brighter background has enhanced Anne's features. There is a calm grace about her. Thank you so much for this Claire (and Owen). - Elizabeth Cumming.

[@curiousman1672]

Remarkable.

[@dancingcolorsVdeRegil]

What a treat to see these up close high resolution images... and yes, More cleaning up! The differences are so intense!

[@kate_cooper]

I always liked this portrait of Anne but I never realised how dark and dirty it had actually got. It looks fabulous all cleaned up.

[@philcrawford7760]

It would be nice to know more about her

[@AllAmericanJock]

The real story: Anne of Cleves was not ugly. She was beautiful. When the King first came to meet her, he came to her in a disguise, trying to romantically seduce her. She was turned off and rejected him. She embarrassed the King, hence why he turned on her (initially) and spread the too ugly to marry bunk. They still became good friends after their divorce. Anne had brains and beauty. A boss.

[@bgarrah3886]

This is stunning, but we would expect no less from Holbein. The vibrant colours make sense for the original. 💯

[@rikki1960]

I'll be going to the Louvre on the 2nd June & this portrait will be my 1st stop! 2nd will be for the Mona Lisa, boring I know but my partner has never been before so I can't take him there without seeing "that" painting.

[@denisehill7769]

I've always loved this portrait, and seeing it like this is amazing - thank you Owen and Claire. Thinking her veil must be silk gauze? I'm wondering what the paints and minerals must have cost Holbein too. She truly was a beauty; too good for Henry, for sure xxx

[@anneboleynfiles]

That's true about the cost of the pigments etc.!

[@daver8521]

Well, as a normal male, I can tell you that Anne looks very attractive. I wonder why Henry didn't find her so? The blue background was pigment made from finely ground lapis lazuli, which was then literally worth its weight in gold. During this period, blue paint was incredibly expensive, and usually reserved for paintings depicting the Virgin Mary. Lapis lazuli was the only blue pigment that wouldn't fade.

[@teddysmum8900]

I always wondered if perhaps Holbein became rather fond of Anne of Cleves as he did this work and it influenced how he captured her. I can’t remember anyone writing of her beauty, but this painting certainly shows it.

[@elss8717]

Many years ago I read a (fictional) novel about Holbein falling in love with Anne when he was painting her. I have never found it again. You saying this in your comment made me think of it again. It is all possible.

[@teddysmum8900]

@@elss8717 I must have read that book as well!

[@elss8717]

@@teddysmum8900 Do you remember what it was called?

[@teddysmum8900]

@@elss8717 I’m thinking it was a British writer who wrote historical fiction about the Tudors under the pen name Jean Plaidy. I haven’t had time to dig deeper to see if it is one of her books or not tho. Sorry!

[@elss8717]

@@teddysmum8900 Thank you for that. I read it more than 50 years ago. I live in the UK now but at the time I lived in a small village in The Netherlands. On a Sunday after church the parish opened a small library to borrow books for a small donation. This library awakened the love of reading in me. They had a wonderful choice of books. The novel about Holbein and Anne was one of them. I would love to read it again. Thank you for your help.

[@chimknee]

Thanks.

[@suemount6042]

It’s a shame the process of restoration wasn’t filmed that would be great to watch that wonderful portrait come to life

[@anneboleynfiles]

I'm hoping that The Louvre will publish something about the process.

[@pattyaubry127]

Love the restoration!

[@Odanti]

We get to see the portrait the way Henry Vlll saw it. It's a beautiful portrait of Anne of Cleve's. Anne was a beautiful woman. I don't understand why Henry was put off by Anne. I don't believe Anne did anything wrong, but for some reason Henry thought so. ❤️🙏❤️

[@sandybruce9092]

But Henry getting rid of her actually saved her life!

[@KristenK78]

She didn't understand the "game" he tried to play with her on their first meeting. Chivalric ideals and love at first sight, always knowing your true love even in disguise, that sort of stuff was really popular at the time. Henry couldn't admit that his looks might not be up to snuff any longer, either, and his leg wound would have smelled awful. But no one could say a word against him without risking execution, so if Henry said Anne was the problem, no one was going to say anything to the contrary.

[@Neat0957]

I think if Henry wasn’t embarrassed by visiting her before hand…I think he would’ve actually found her very attractive but the ego had to continue…

[@rainlawson7085]

I too have thought she was the most attractive of his wives. Very sensible as well.

[@acustomer7216]

Exquisite work

[@user-iz6cc6lz3j-Vickie]

The portraits is just beautiful. She was a fine lady. She probably levels have been a great queen considering how she was after she was discarded. Being of strong German stock as my mother would say she may have produced strong signs.

[@pheart2381]

The veil must be the finest silk gauze,amazing. I've seen a japanese lady on youtube weaving with a single fibre of silk and it looked like this,almost transparent. You can even see the half moons on her fingernails!

[@anneboleynfiles]

Yes, it's so very fine, isn't it?

[@pheart2381]

The veil might be dhaka muslin,a linen fabric that went extinct. There is currently a movement trying to reproduce the fabric. Us Brits brought about its downfall unfortunately and the skill was lost.

[@891Henry]

Whenever I see this portrait image, I think of the Six Wives of Henry VIII with Keith Michell. In that version of the story, Holbein found the two sisters in a very poor state and to look good for the portrait Anne had all the bits and pieces available in the room added to her garb. The result was this portrait. I know it wouldn't be true, but I love the image it conjures up each time I see the portrait. Personally, I actually prefer the dark, moody version myself. I like the touch of mystery and I find it has more depth to it.

[@anneboleynfiles]

The dark version definitely is rather "moody".

[@idgriffin56]

Absolutely fantastic

[@KristenK78]

The golds actually look GOLDEN, not that weird orangey color. And the pearls really stand out as pearls; they might have been gold beads before. Certainly restoring the background does wonders, but I bet the old varnish having yellowed over time did nothing to help matters. Amazing job, truly. She never looked ugly, but this really seems to do her justice now.

[@TheKoolbraider]

The restoration shows us how lovely Anne of Cleves truly was. The contrast with the un-restored version is incredible. How long did the restoration take?

[@crystalalcairo3751]

There have been reports that Anne had two small scars from small pox that Holbein left out but other than that her portrait was true to life. That one small mark by her upper lip might have been a small scar that Holbein chose to leave in.

[@anneboleynfiles]

That's true.

[@joscott5911]

Henry VIII was the type of egotist who like selecting and pursuing his women. It would have made him feel young and verile to believe that they wanted him and helped him ignore his expanding waistline. I think it just didn't suit him to have a queen chosen for him. Then when she arrived she didn't dance or play music or the other things that attracted him to women. English was a 2nd language to her and she didn't know how to play the games of courtly love. She was fortunate in the end to be the rejected queen

[@philcrawford7760]

She is very pretty

[@jobes4525]

There must be something we're not aware of as to why this beautiful woman wasn't acknowledged?

[@Ellie49]

Wow!

[@joannecassell8825]

By far, his prettiest bride. And Katherine Parr. But Catherine of Arragon was THE Queen.

[@AprilBird4]

I always thought she was pretty. This restoration even more so! You can really notice her slim waist.

[@tammieswindells5333]

Thank you😊

[@lazygardens]

Is there a video if the restoration work as it was being done?

[@dorothywillis1]

Whenever a picture is restored I am interested in what had been changed from the original, that is, what had been removed and what was found. For instance, what did they remove to find that blue background? Dirt? What kind of dirt? Overpainting? Of what date? I would also be interested to know the date of the frame. Somehow it doesn't look original to me. And how did it get to Paris? Probably when they sold off the Royal Collection after the death of Charles I, but it would be nice to know for sure.

[@anneboleynfiles]

I expect dirt and grease and any bad touch-ups.

[@dorothywillis1]

@@anneboleynfiles Yes. I would certainly expect smoke and grease from candles, but I want more detail. When were the touch-ups done and possibly why? That sort of thing. I'm just nosy.

[@Eileen62h]

I thought I saw it in The Hague? Is it a copy in the mauritishuis in The Hague?

[@dorothywillis1]

@@Eileen62h I thought Claire said it was in Paris.

[@anneboleynfiles]

@@Eileen62h perhaps it was on loan there for a time? I've never known it to be anywhere else.

[@welshwitch2126]

I’ve never thought she was homely. I think she’s the prettiest one of the bunch. The portrait looks more like a photograph. I wonder why he was so repulsed by her? Could be his ego was bruised because she didn’t recognize him and didn’t like his joke. He was such a child in many ways.

[@KristenK78]

Oh yeah, it was definitely about his ego, not about her looks.

[@robertthomson1587]

Hardly a "Flanders mare"!

[@jillbeauchamp6128]

I always understood that Cleves was an impoverished Kingdom and that Anne of Cleves was given the full treasury of jewels in order to impress/secure the marriage to Henry. Is this accurate? The veil could be either very fine linen or silk. Light weight linen was incredibly difficult/expensive to produce in this period, therefore was a sign of high status!

[@nancyhilliard1634]

She was beautiful

[@cindyschell6870]

She is so beautiful! Amazing what's the restoration of a painting can do. How long did this restoration take?

[@anneboleynfiles]

I'm not sure. The Louvre hasn't given any further information yet.