Climate Change, Chaos, and The Little Ice Age: Crash Course World History

[@SparrowwithaMachinegun]

"We're trying to educate the world for free, that of course requires money" Ha!, sad but true.

[@3HourSleepHeartAttack]

'History is never controversial' HAAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHAAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHHAHAHAHAHAHAHAAHA

[@navneetkashyap802]

HaHa

[@HassanFahad]

Aha

[@joao_1986]

Soo funny

[@mkmason2002]

History is always written by the winners.

[@fngrLCKNgood1]

This series is a cut above most other educational content i've indulged here on KZbin. Everyone responsible for it truly deserve a pat on the back.

[@crashcourse]

In which John Green teaches you about the Little Ice Age. The Little Ice Age was a period of global cooling that occurred from the 13th to the 19th centuries. This cooling was likely caused by a number of factors, including unusual solar activity and volcanic eruptions. The Little Ice Age greatly impacted human social orders, especially during the 17th century. When the climate changed, and weather became unpredictable, the world changed profoundly. Poor harvests led to hunger, which led to even less productivity, which even resulted in violent upheaval in a lot of places. All this from a little change in the temperature? Definitely. You can directly support Crash Course at www.subbable.com/crashcourse Subscribe for as little as $0 to keep up with everything we're doing. Free is nice, but if you can afford to pay a little every month, it really helps us to continue producing this content. Read more about The Little Ice Age here: www.amazon.com/Global-Crisis-Climate-Catastrophe-Seventeenth/dp/0300153236

[@kydaper8089]

0:39 Except when you talk about Hitler and Stalin :P

[@plasterdbastard]

I made the mistake of reading the comments from climate change deniers while the video was playing, and now I have to watch it again. :( Sorry, Mr. Green. I'll pay more attention this time.

[@ForestSongUnLTD]

"This cooling was likely caused by a number of factors, including unusual solar activity and volcanic eruptions." Too bad we don't consider other factors along with carbon now.........I guess hindsight is 20/20

[@plasterdbastard]

ForestSongUnLTD What? Have you ever done a post-secondary course in climatology? If you have, I'd be surprised if you had passed, because this comment demonstrates a fundamental lack of knowledge with respect to how climate is modelled and understood in the modern age. The comical part of your comment is in how you've tried to use the climatology assertions that serve to help explain the Little Ice Age against climatology's explanation for climate change as though science can be bested by a mental game of "stop hitting yourself".

[@ForestSongUnLTD]

plasterdbastard What an ugly, bloated mass of rhetoric you just dumped in my lap, and completely non-sequitur to my statement. Sure, my statement leaves the reader open to make certain assumptions, but none of the ones you just made. Nice try though. Perhaps next time you jump on someones throat like a rabid wolf, you should ask yourself what that person is actually talking about.

[@nickhao4469]

The funniest part of this episode was "history is not controversial"

[@russej44]

exactly

[@emilyblack7342]

*jazz hands* Sarcasm :D

[@fridgeking6014]

history is never controversial, historiography is almost always controversial

[@Gorlaz34]

I'm glad someone else caught that.

[@faceoctopus4571]

he said "never" not "not".

[@ellamould3653]

does anyone else just watch these videos for fun?? I love them so much they dont even feel educational they are just super interesting :D

[@PanicbyExample]

definitely

[@nkonyecampbell8829]

Ella Mould my teacher thinks I'm weird for watching these for fun

[@jordanwest43]

Ella Mould I love these. Gives me a look at things that wasn't taught in my school when I was younger.

[@LuisAldamiz]

What's the difference?

[@crashcourse]

First. -stan

[@ComputerEarly]

Damnit

[@kashifazamjoey]

You should do this more often, an undisputed "first".

[@Rasmusraaby]

Unless you are... The Mongolians!!

[@afullmetaltitan33]

John it did get a tad warmer in Europe from the 14th Century onwards, this helped the Bubonic Plauge faster and kill more people.

[@C_hoffmanni]

OHHH OH MY GOD!!!!!1111!!1!!!!!1!

[@gruntman10]

Aang and Appa at 5:13

[@boosiv]

ty, I missed it.

[@TMJJack]

Totally missed that. Thanks.

[@linaputh1783]

boosiv vv hyperthyroid nimbi

[@tristanroberts8016]

Thanks for pointing that out! I think Appa also roared/mooed/bellowed during that bit.

[@kered13]

2:12: The viking expansion occurred during the Medieval Warm Period, not the Little Ice Age. The vikings discovered America a good 300 years before the onset of the Little Ice Age. In fact, the viking expansion could only have occurred during the Medieval Warm Period, because it was caused by an increase in population pressures in the Norse homelands due to the warmer weather. When the weather cooled, the vikings stop expanding and even abandoned their settlements in Greenland (which was no longer suitable to their lifestyle). This is really a pretty significant factual error, I'm disappointed to see it in this great series.

[@fadedpajamas]

I know this is three years old, but I don't think that John is talking about their expansion here, just abandonment of settlements, as you have pointed out.

[@rifow1]

The thing I find very interesting about this (as an AS Level British history student who recently studied 17th century britian) is that none of this really effected british economy. In the 17th century britian began to monopalise in our colonialism in the americas and in east India. We also brought about better agricultural techniques and created a new agricultural revolution. We also had a huge increase in population. Our population doubled from 2.5 million in 1600 to 5 million in 1688. We also found a decrease in disease and a better isolation of disease to stop any epidemics. The lesser gentry (the middle class) were also on the rise in this period with the rise of merchants and professions who became MP (members of parliament) later on in life showing their gain in power and influence. In fact in 1649 we decided that we wanted a republic and got rid of our King in favour of the gentry. In 1653 Cromwell a member of the lesser gentry became the lord protector of britian. Britian enjoyed a stable economy through out the 17th century. This completely contrasts to the evidence you show in this video. I believe the reason for this is that britian was able to fall back on imperialism to secure the economy when many other countries were unable to.

[@rifow1]

+N3oN RiD3r Thank you

[@laurenkahre4785]

jonathan hart you completely glossed over the English civil war and the massive social unrest and death that brought to the UK. I hate to burst your bubble, but the wars started in 1642, the same time as the catastrophic weather John describes. There was nothing stable about the UK in the 17th century. The great fire of London? The glorious revolution?

[@kevsairsoft]

Classic Britain, just let the colonies suffer instead of ourselves.

[@mikebronicki6978]

jonathan hart so perhaps Britain's rise started (there is no denying they rose) only because everyone else was falling. ...interesting.

[@Mitsunosai]

Really glad to see a new Crash Course World History as not only do I get more of an awesome thing, but it also means you are feeling better. Welcome back, I missed the updates while you were sick.

[@lloydy272]

As a plant scientist, I am working on things I hope will lead to the 'cast iron ploughs of the future'. Probably not, but I'm trying.

[@lightingbolt85]

"Plant Scientist"? You mean a botanist? You don't sound very official proclaiming to be a "Plant Scientist".

[@lloydy272]

They mean the same thing but botany and botanist have fallen out of favour so we use plant science and plant scientist, respectively. I'm confused as to why you don't consider it official sounding. Most of the major centres of botany now call themselves departments of plant sciences (see universities of Cambridge and Oxford). If there not official then I don't want to be either!

[@lightingbolt85]

James Lloyd I guess they are considered official, but they still sound very unofficial. It's like calling an astrophysicist or astronomer a "space scientist".

[@lloydy272]

Space scientist does sound strange but plant science doesn't to me (but I live in a realm surrounded by it). It is often called Plant Biology but Plant Science is not to limit the scope. Plant Biology doesn't sound strange to me as it is similar to in name microbiology.

[@lightingbolt85]

James Lloyd Plant biology sounds quite a bit more official.

[@yellowsausage7714]

*Winter is Coming*

[@ancientbear3280]

*Maunder* *Minimum* . Keep it a secret.

[@ELBLACKO45]

Eddy minimum

[@nyutad9436]

oh no

[@Brillia8]

Oh yes!

[@Mokofooja]

"We're talking about history, and history is never controversial." Every time. I can't stop laughing every time I hear that line. Absolute genius.

[@SkinMotionCreator]

Did anyone see the avatar go across the screen at 5:12

[@felixbabuf5726]

I knew I wasn't the only one!

[@MountainXoyGangsta74]

+SkinMotionCreator that is epic.

[@LuisSierra42]

OMG Aang!

[@sohaibmohdyacop]

woahh

[@danielalexander6017]

Thank you for pointing that out. Just made my day.

[@TonytheTaiwaneseTurtle]

actually, there WAS a snowball era in Earth's history -> geologists are more creative in naming things than historians

[@joshuahadams]

Earth was literally iced over, and there were some germs. It's a pretty cool era or study, I think.

[@OrlovKruskayev]

"Where's all your food?" "Well, the whole planet is colder, not just Korea." And then they were already there and decided to have a Dinasty. That could be an ending to a book.

[@ryanterwilliger4755]

Thank you for doing what you do John Green and company. I've been enjoying your videos for years now and have never been disappointed.

[@therealsijaraeubanks]

I just wanna say thanks cause I've been BINGING on crash course world and US history all quarantine long and its great

[@okiedokie56]

Don't tell me this is the same guy that wrote Fault in our Stars.

[@alliandrew6304]

Umm...

[@Mardinae]

Yes, yes, he is

[@rexmarcussarabia2355]

yup

[@TheMgamesM]

+Kolynk he is actualy pretty awesome. He wrote many undeniably succesful books, has a famous vlog channel with this brother (vlogbrothers), holds a huge charity stream every year and hosts this educational channel along with this brother and other people.

[@cocososupergeek]

+From Hyrule Yep. He's a great guy. Sadly the books are kinda shit.

[@TybrosionMojito]

APPA!!!! At 5:12 he flies by.... You are my hero.

[@geirjohannesen667]

The Norsemen settled in Iceland, Greenland and North America long before the little ice age. This period is commonly referred to as the medieval warm period. The Norwegians who settled in Greenland made a living from agriculture.

[@abrahamm5316]

"Some blamed it on witches, always a safe bet." LMAO

[@jliller]

Possibly the best Thought Bubble ever.

[@SweetShawn999]

"climate is not weather" That's all I came for.

[@KarKraftsman]

And clamte change isn't done by humans, history supports that

[@SweetShawn999]

jason long Well we didn't even have a fraction of a fraction of the pollutants as now. So we cannot really know, we do know that there is too much carbon in the air and carbon is dense so..

[@ljkolnick]

+jason long Changes in climate normals can occur for a number of reasons. Being anthropogenically driven is one of them. It has been shown quite robustly that diversion from the "natural" course of climate changes (or non-human drivers) has been happening for 8000 years, but on a low scale. The recent activity since the industrial revolution has been particularly significant due to the relatively extreme emission of greenhouse gases, as i'm sure you've heard. Rises in GHGs has been linked in the past to changes in climate. Although it has not generally been the initial driver, but part of a feedback loop, regardless, it is still a driver. So the fact that humans are emitting it still means we can affect the climate and how it changes.

[@KarKraftsman]

I think its very simple minded to think an increase of co2 will have bad effects on the over all climate. Its a trace gas and if it tripled we would see rain forests greener then ever. CO2 is easily blamed on anthropogenic abuse and everyone can be taxed, not just people like Obama who flys everywhere and any where he wants spewing chemicals on the peasants. These ruling class jerk are trying to rule over us in every way and this is just one more step to totalitarianism. So much of the electric in America is ran on coal and yet people use it like its magic or something. We have technology now that if everyone pulled their head out of their ass we can come together and make all of us carbon neutral. Moral of the story, I don't want a hypocrite to tax me for what they habitually do.

[@Ara-co1kh]

CO2 is a big reason as to why the globe is getting warmer rn. When CO2 gets absorbed by the trees and what not it becomes O2. When O2 is hit by UV it splits up into atomic oxygen which then attaches to O2 making it O3, ozone, the reason we have the green house effect. Increased amounts of oxygen leads to thiccer layer of ozone

[@Fireburnin21]

2:58 - 3:16 Europa Universalis Taught me all of that :3

[@Tytoalba777]

It's so awesome to see EU lovers here!

[@ThePlayX3]

Wait... Is that a comet ?!

[@Fireburnin21]

ThePlayX3 NO ITS A BRIGHT LIGHT IN THE SKY DONT LOOK AT IT

[@Dom13WorstNW]

ThePlayX3 its a popular game. just look it up on youtube :P

[@ThePlayX3]

Dom13 WorstNW I played EU III and IV ^^ I also have a PMC on my channel right now :p (in French)

[@fireflamefine625]

"And history is never controversial" Lol, I love you John.

[@jaykebjacobson6879]

Nobody: John Green: Crash course is made possible by these nice people: has his own name.

[@gibbygibbs8047]

When John complained about the U.S. Winter.... Please come to Canada, there was a 15 feet snow pile covering a huge part of my road one week when I didn't even go to school because we had 5 snow days In a row

[@harperdelahaye7842]

Learning about history is helping me see where all the fantasy writers get their inspiration from. For example, GRRM's Iron Bank of Braavos is probably inspired by the Knights Templar and Brandon Sanderson's Ashmounts are probably inspired by those 12 volcanoes.

[@deezo3099]

Every video, pretty much a masterpiece

[@melissaharris3389]

"... because history is never controversial." Oh, John. You crack me up. I had ALL the laughs. *so says the history major*

[@hoseadavit3422]

Nobody can conquer the ice age unless you are wait for it... The Mongol

[@Codiliabra]

Hosea Davit *_We're the exception!_*

[@reedrozelle7367]

Hosea Davit a

[@meganwagner6055]

Hosea Davit I

[@imienazwisko6527]

Nobody can conquer the ice age. Unless you are *THE NEANDERTHALS* **the neanderthaltage**

[@tuxedosteve1904]

Yet they failed to Conquer siberia because it was to cold.

[@tyler0506]

You learn something new everyday! I had no idea there was a mini ice age only a couple hundred years ago! Thank you Crash Course

[@szgk]

The topic of the Little Ice Age is very interesting. How come it was never mentioned when I studied history at school? Seems like it is something you should always keep in mind when talking about that period in history.

[@Divinity33372]

Question: I have a Geology professor who uses this as an argument against global warming being human influenced. He says we are coming out of a little ice age and that is why the ice caps are melting and the planet is warming. Can you speak to that please? It's very confusing because my Lab professor swears climate change is real. For what it's worth...I hate to ad hom the guy, but I live in south texas where there is a lot of drilling and he seems very pro oil and gas. In fact, most of the Geology dept. at my college are climate change "skeptics."

[@newburghlife]

i am very pro oil and gas because...i work in the industry but climate change is a natural thing, people who deny climate change as a whole are ignorant and people who say humans do not influence the speeding up of climate change are just as ignorant. yes we are coming out a mini ice age which does explain why the ice is melting however it is the rate at which this change is happening which is worrying. Theres a reason its called greenhouse gases , because pumping all those harmful chemicals into the air is heating up the planet.

[@Divinity33372]

Thank you for your reply.

[@asap397]

Recently in my chemistry class we did an experiment where we had to graph data taken from ice cores from as old as 400,000 BC years old. It had to do with carbon dioxide concentration in the air over 400,000 years. Anyway the point is carbon dioxide changes equal climate change, and the level of carbon dioxide change over 49,000 years before humans was achieved by humans over 100 years. Hope that makes senee.

[@RodMartinJr]

+SamJLyon, CO2 is at starvation levels. We almost had mass extinction 15,000 BC because the CO2 levels were so low. In fact, we're far closer to extinction levels than we are to Normal -- 1,600 ppm (the average for the last 600 million years). Temperature response to CO2 is non-linear; it's logarithmic. And we're above the saturation point. We could dump lots of CO2 into the atmosphere and the warming would be minimal from that alone. That's why the satellite data (the only truly global record) shows global temperatures flat-lining. drroyspencer.com/latest-global-temperatures/ But the real issue is this nonsense that Global Warming is bad. We live in an Ice Age and suddenly people are weeping over melted ice. The ice fetish is cute, but misguided. Ice kills; warmth promotes life. If this weren't the case, the poles would be crowded and the tropics empty. Earth has been far warmer with lots more CO2 without a runaway greenhouse effect. As far as oil and gas are concerned, Biggest Oil Rockefellers started the climate change scam through their UN front man, the late Maurice Strong (Canadian big oil). Why? They're eugenicists. They don't care about most of us and would just as soon see us keel over dead. They may get their wish with their global cooling schemes in the midst of our ongoing Ice Age. Glacial periods are brutal.

[@RodMartinJr]

+Julian Colon, and because of those CO2 increases, humans have saved all life on Earth by burning fossil fuels. Here's some interesting facts about CO2 levels: *150 ppm* -- C3 extinction level (Lovelock). That's 85% of all plants and nearly 99% of all food crop species. *180 ppm* -- CO2 level 15,000 BC -- just 30 ppm above the extinction level. *268 ppm* -- CO2 level after the massive warming at the beginning of the Holocene (+7C in 30 years). *400 ppm* -- Approximate current level. *800 ppm* -- 30 million years ago when CO2 levels had been falling for millions of years, and plants freaked out, evolving C4 species to cope with the CO2 starvation. *1,600 ppm* -- Normal. This is the average for the last 600 million years. *5,000 ppm* -- Normal on the International Space Station and other long-term space expeditions. *10,000 ppm* -- Nominal level on naval submarines. *20,000 ppm* -- Maximum on space craft for 1 hour of human activity. As you can see, we're far closer to extinction levels than we are to Normal. And your graph of "climate change"? CO2 comes after temperature. The oceans are a vast reservoir of CO2 and other dissolved gases. If you warm up water, it will release more of the dissolved gas. If you cool water, it will absorb more. So, this notion of cooling down the planet in our ongoing Ice Age is doubly problematic. Glacial periods are brutal. And cooler oceans will suck up more of that CO2 in the atmosphere, making the oceans even less alkaline.

[@Stipopedia]

5:12 - Aang and Appa (The last Airbender)! 6:05 Wilhelm scream

[@jeremygarst394]

why was there no open letter?

[@VishwasShrikhande]

This series makes history fun and sexy, thanks John Green

[@tuaandorinha]

Hi John Green thank you for these videos, I'm 24 I never could afford college so I like to watch your videos to educate myself. Many many blessings hope the world gives you all the best things

[@jayjung5234]

That's sad... College these days are really cheap

[@vonshango6311]

climate change happens over and over (6x in 1200 years). 13th-19th centuries, average temperatures were cooler, but featured volatile shifts bw bitter cold winters, wet summers, long droughts and weather not the same globally. 1:30 climate is not weather. 1:45 monks/winemakers/farmers kept logs at time reporting catastrophic bad weather bad harvests. less food meant more starvation disease crime riots unrest. 2:40 a couple bad harvests in a row was fatal. 2:50 list of dozen uprisings/unrest. 3:30 taxes were high food was short because harvests were bad. 4:00 fewer recorded sunspots in 1617/1618 when 30 years war began. 4:12 12 volcanic eruptions 1638-1644 producing dust veils that helped cool planet. 4:25 1642 so cold massachusetts bay froze. 4:40 1641 coldest weather ever in scandinavia. 4:55 mini ice age leads to population decline 'thought bubble': thomas c. smith: farming was the principal occupation and source of income for most families and its rhythms defined the cycles of work rest worship and severe annual variations in the harvest reverberated through family life and social fabric. 5:20 jeffrey parker: in latitudes north of temperate zone each of 0.5C in mean summer temp decreases number of days on which crops ripen by 10% and doubles risk of a single harvest failure, and increases risk of double failure six fold. harvest failure > food shortages rising food prices > malnutrition > hunger > diminish the capacity to work due to low calorie diets > disease death population decline (5:50 when not enough money for food people stop spending on other stuff). 6:40 soldiers looted food. costs of war was burdened on peasants via taxes ex. bread taxes > bread riots.

[@nostradamusofgames5508]

5:12 WAIT thats aang and appa from The Last Airbender! :D

[@vy9272]

Oh, I find a fellow wild Avatar fan. You want to get into a Pokeball, little fella?

[@michaelamerson8837]

+patrick Katalenas I noticed that too.

[@gato815]

+Gold Logic We don't *Airbends you off a cliff*

[@wolfsdream7607]

+patrick Katalenas i think you meant *ong

[@nostradamusofgames5508]

Wolf's Dream its Aang

[@felixd1002]

Wait, what? If you pass a law forbidding widows to kill themselves, how are you going to enforce that law when the widows are already dead?

[@geraldfrost4710]

stupid laws throughout history. I imagine that they would confiscate all the widow's property. Since most war widows were the wives of simple soldiers, there wouldn't have been anything to confiscate. So maybe they threatened display her dead body naked and to feed her corpse to the pigs. But you're right; if she can't afford bread, there's not much else you can do to her.

[@LD-qj2te]

I love these presentations / snippets ! Quick refreshing boost of knowledge and intellect ! A spritzer for the brain! Good job!

[@Gnurklesquimp]

John Green seems like a good teacher to me

[@kingcfc1]

4:00 Comet sighted!

[@2000Trunks]

lose 1 stability

[@Darkout412]

Bjorn Johnson Lose stability, lose stability, or lose stability. What do I choose?

[@kingcfc1]

Lose stability of course!

[@LePadeaux]

The economy you fools!

[@asdfgoogle]

It's an oman! Does anyone play EU4 in the US? My friend and I would like to play with another person in a multiplayer game. We're both in our 20's, so you don't have to worry about immature kids. lol. Add me on Steam: zach99zulu

[@savaship]

Norsemen went to America in 1000AD, then they left 50 years later as the sea port in Greenland began freezing over. They didn't go to America because it got cold, they left America because their supply chain was broken, and they kept getting attacked by natives. They had been living sea based lives since before 700AD... inaccuracies like that one are very damaging to the credibility of the facts presented.

[@YumiOnline]

THAT THOUGHT BUBBLE WAS THE BEST (AND CREEPIEST) ONE

[@5starisms]

hahahaha not really

[@5starisms]

yumi ur eyes shimmer like the opalascent lilies in the lake of palace of celestial maidens

[@TheHalcyonTwilight]

Donny bringin' the creep.

[@satoau1]

while it shouldn't be surprising that a person has gotten better at something he's done a lot, that was the most thorough and well argued clip you've made. much kudos and keep up the good work!

[@georginawhitby1320]

Crash Course - would be great if you could do an episode on the medieval warm period - the climate anomaly that preceded the mini ice age.

[@adnanilyas6368]

SKY BISON SIGHTING!!! 5:13

[@charliekent9526]

lol

[@Figgy_Jub]

SHOOT A FIRE BALL AT IT!

[@ChrisThomasBone]

A note on the sunspots theory: during the 1600's, the sun went through a grand minimum in its sunspot cycles. This means that basically a couple sunspot cycles in a row were essentially missing for 70 years. The cycles didn't completely go away, but they were very, very significantly weaker and had much less sunspots during that period. Also, during this period of global warming we've been in the past century, sunspot cycles have been significantly stronger, with a decline similar to the early 1600's decline happening in recent years. This suggests that we may be approaching another grand minimum in the sunspot cycles.

[@jimisru]

So when will our society begin talking about sex education and overpopulation instead of constantly telling people about the need to have families and family values?

[@lightingbolt85]

Heck, it's a miracle the sex education we have today exists. Because idiot parents think their daughter shouldn't learn about periods, and wait til she thinks her genitals are wounded to tell her.

[@jimisru]

Wear condoms.

[@asdfgoogle]

Overpopulation isn't the issue as much as disregard for natural resources and life. The planet can easily support billions more. Likely more than twice as many.

[@lightingbolt85]

MAAAAARS COOOOOOLOOONIIESSS!!!

[@nathanoliver9237]

First of all over population is a myth and the family is the core any society what would you replace it with? Also sex education why is that the big crusade and how does that fit with the video?

[@HPDM14]

I know it's sad but I am so happy he mentioned the English Revolution!

[@thecrippledpancake9455]

John, please go watch all 4 Ice Ages that have been made. You won’t be disappointed. 0:54

[@billyweed835]

Stay away from this comment section if you don't want to read pages of Denialism about Science.

[@billyweed835]

***** We have climate records gong back to the 1800s showing the Earth has been getting rapidly warmer. Global Warming exists and it's been going on since the start of the Industrial Revolution. Here's a list I found of government organizations who have stated that Global Warming both exists and is caused by humans: National Academy of Sciences (NAS) National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) NASA’s Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS) Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) The Royal Society of the UK (RS) Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society (CMOS) UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) And many more. Also, The Pentagon has stated that they think Global Warming exists and is caused by humans. I bring them up since given your username and arguments, they're the one branch of Government I don't think you're likely to dismiss as "Liberal Pinko Tree Huggers" or something of that nature. I bid you ado. .

[@lepantzeus1]

The total warming has been estimated by the UNIPCC at 0.76C since 1850. A temperature change of less than 8/10 of 1 degree through 2 centuries isn't ' rapid '. ;-) ps: If that estimate is off by just 1/2 of 1 degree, then the change is essentially nil. ;-) ;-) ;-)

[@sleddy01]

We also have antarctic ice cores going back 900,000 years. Go take a look at what they show about the atmosphere. The conclusions are not as obvious as you seem to think. The 1800s is a blink of an eye in geological terms and no scientist would dare extrapolate over millennia what has been observed over fewer than 200 years. The globe is currently warming. It will eventually cool. And warm. And cool. And so on until the sun explodes. The impact of humans is in no way certain. There are so many variable involved that we cannot even accurately predict weather beyond a week, let alone climate change. 4:05 Do you think we have a greater impact than the sun?

[@darrenpellichino2923]

@@sleddy01 There is a terrible trend in science when they omit facts so an agenda can be pursued. The agenda is money. Our current climate period is called an interglacial period which means the period between glaciers advancing down from the poles. We ARE 100% still in an ice age. The most stable periods of climate occur when there is no ice on our planet. Ice formation on Earth only occur rarely and it's presence on Earth is associated with ice ages.

[@TheBrownSys]

Well of course you wouldn't want to read anything that contradicts your religion.

[@SashaandStorm]

5:11 Hahaha Aang and Appa!

[@daisy-bugs]

I always love the computer. "THIS MACHINE KILLS FASCISTS"

[@DSAK55]

do you know where it came from?

[@adamdean5881]

I think Woodie Guthrie had a sticker like that on his guitar

[@CoolRanchSociology]

The painting on 4:26 of ice skating does not, as you suggest, depict Massachusetts. It is a painting of a town in the Netherlands in winter, by the Dutch artist Hendrick Avercamp. Other than that, I'm a big fan of your videos!

[@DemonTaki]

i never liked history, now i love it. Thank you, you are a great human being.

[@ZoggFromBetelgeuse]

It's not hard to guess what the cast iron ploughs of the future will be. All you have to do is to apply the rule "Swords to ploughshares" to lighsabres, and... tadaaaaa: Lightploughs!

[@littleneri3761]

How did I just realize that this guy wrote "A Fault in Our Stars......"

[@Lanikins94]

the thought bubble was scary in this one :(

[@freedom_323]

i just love your crash course's , especially the cause and effect parts of this one...really puts things in a clearer view

[@karinaf7488]

"I am your history teacher!" 7:42 Idk why I found that so funny

[@AndreyPavlovUS]

" History is never controversial"?! Really? You think evening history text book says is fact? It is too much politics in history. History is written by historians who write what politics tell them to write. They can skip something, add something, change some facts. History is similarly to news. If you read about same event in different books from different countries, there is different info. Same as in news. Every country says what is good for it.

[@theeNappy]

Not a completely wrong assessment, but not completely correct assessment either. Both professions are supposed to report facts with a degree of objectivity, but historians (as a branch of academia) actually succeed in that endeavor far more often than a news program does. Not universally, but generally. Mind you, it takes an entire generation's worth of time before something actually becomes history; if someone alive experienced the event in question, it's still contemporary.

[@sinder9737]

He said it ironically....

[@TheRosa63]

unfortunantly this is so true, history is written by the winners or those who want to get rid of bad examples (bad in their eyes only of course)so it behooves us to be skeptical and realize we just dont know for sure.

[@420NYjets]

Yea but when it comes to the news FOX news had been known to flat out lie nearly 75% more than CNN.. FACT!! Media watch dog company's such as media matters and other more Neutral Media watch dogs and there subsidiaries.. Plus every other major 1st world nations( Developed Country's) has nearly a full concusses on climate change.. Country's like german are heavily investing in clean energy such as wind,solar,Bio fuels ect.. Oil Company's provide Rupurt Murdock who ownes FOX need revived over 30% of his annual income from Big oil subsidiaries-Fact!! Which in turn baisically paying Fox News to push out anti climate change propaganda, when 98% of Climatologist are in full agreement that we are Damaging out environment by pollution and are causing climate change.. The National Acadamy of science had already met on this topic years ago and moved on.. There baisically the organization that collects the best ideas anyone has ever come up with... And still some people say it's the Liberal Agenda or climate change is a hoax ...

[@killerdragon333]

lol it was sarcastic

[@brandonjohnson1220]

Did any one else see Aang and Oppa from the last air bender in the middle of this video O_O

[@Tamaki742]

Can we focus about Southeast Asia next? Particularly Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia? And Brunei since it's territory took the northern part of Kalimantan.

[@Tamaki742]

Oscar Thomas Why? o_o

[@Melhendring]

How about irrelevancy to the subject of World History ?

[@Tamaki742]

Nicolas Dassonval In terms of it not affecting the whole world or it's too brief to be considered part of the world history?

[@wendysmith4595]

This is my all time favorite crash course!

[@archieames1968]

I see far more people whining about denying climate change than people denying climate change.

[@bethisabee]

I saw that sneaky Simpsons reference! :D

[@a-drewg1716]

GOD DAMN COMETS!!

[@MrVile738]

Oh comet, devil's kith and kin... .

[@a-drewg1716]

THE ECONOMY YOU FOOLS!

[@MrVile738]

Sacrifice a human heart to appease the comet!

[@a-drewg1716]

*-1 Stability*

[@magi4020]

+Preston Garvey the end is nigh!

[@rubikfan1]

climate change is still considerd controversal?? oh w8 this video is made usa... here in the netherlands climate change is a fact. and people are now discussing how to solve it and how much should there be done, and how much money it cost.

[@pascalvansteen]

+rubikfan1 Please get off your high horse. Climate change is considered a real problem by a lot of countries, not just the Netherlands. But yes, the US is definitely lagging behind on climate reform, mostly because of conservative republicans..

[@NickAnderson1234]

+rubikfan1 Word Canada agrees, climate change is a real global crisis

[@alexingman6725]

rubikfan1 the right wing in America would be driving boats to work before they accept this reality.

[@bohnonso6561]

If here in Italy we could fight corruption, bad government and mafia we would too I hope

[@mrprimor227]

@@pascalvansteen you really don't understand us do you, let me simplify it WE KNOW THE EARTH HEATS AND COOLS AND ACCEPT THAT WE CAN DO NOTHING ABOUT IT. Left wing IQ average-15 or lower Right wing IQ average-90 or higher So I doubt your in this club as you need more than 3 brain cells to join.

[@jasonschneijder2012]

3:05 You forgot that it also lead to a lot of the wealth of The Netherlands. Though trade with the west indies was more exiting to talk about, historians believe the grain trade with the Baltic Sea countries lead to most of the wealth of the Dutch in the 17th century.

[@The_Daily_Tomato]

I had to wait 12 bloody days for a new episode. 12 DAYS!!!!

[@itsmelewisable]

How could you from the past be wearing a shirt from a book you haven't even wrote yet??

[@paigedickson8810]

He was wearing a 2014 World Cup shirt before, I think it's pretty clear now that John is a time lord.

[@McFire1313]

If a Roman Legionary came to the future he wouldn't keep his uniform on would he?

[@pgbochanski]

Me from the past also wears a wedding ring.

[@dfwai7589]

"History is never controversial" I guess he's never heard of *insert literally anything here* deniers

[@joidixon76]

Crash Course you are amazing af, for putting in that tiny reference to Avatar: The Last Airbender (ATLA). :3 And if anyone else saw it and likes ATLA you're a cool person. (^o^)

[@TheAwillz]

+John Green Appreciate the distinction of "Welsh Historian", it's rare for people outside of Britain to acknowledge our small Nation of Wales and the four Nations that make up the UK. Thankyou.

[@daxx_5237]

John Green is my hero

[@RedDuke42]

I simply cannot believe a huge portion of the comment section is "modern climate change is not caused by humans r u stoopid". I've lost my hope for mankind once more.

[@SirOldcastle]

Someone else has likely already commented this, but the Norse did not go exploring because of the Little Ice Age - they started exploring at the beginning of the Medieval Warm Period and started to fall off toward the start of the Little Ice Age.

[@IshayuG]

John, there were no vikings in the 13th century. The Viking age ended in the 12th century. Vikings did not colonise America in search of food, they colonised it because they could sail very far during the medieval warm period. Look, I know people who believe in modern man made climate change (I'm not sure myself but whatever) like to brush away the medieval warm period because it's inconvenient for their theory that only humans can create such dramatic change to warm weather, but I seriously must ask you not to spread this kind of misinformation. You do it so rarely, it'd be a shame. In fact, the 13th century marked the period when the Norse STOPPED going to America. Good show though. :)

[@IshayuG]

***** It is backed by science. Whether it's good science or not is what's up for debate. I'm seeing so much conflicting data that can't all be accurate. Normally I'd default to believing the scientific consensus, but it has been proven to me that GISS satellite data is being tampered with, so now I just don't know. Unfortunately measuring the climate of the entire globe is an extremely difficult task. This isn't the kind of science one can easily prove or disprove at home in one's basement, such as you can with most scientific discoveries, and as such there's this huge debate with hearsay and bullshit on both sides and nobody gets any wiser.

[@icampos89]

Peer reviewed scientific journals from all over the world have all reached the same conclusion. You need to read some of them if you are still doubtful of our current predicament.

[@IshayuG]

icampos89 "All over the world" doesn't mean anything unless you can prove they were independant. (Hint: THere's an international panel that leads most of the research in concert, i.e. almost none of it is independant. Just FYI)

[@50ShadesOfEndo]

Are you a scientist?

[@IshayuG]

***** Yes, actually. I hold a doctorate in mathematics. Not that it particularly matters. The collusion going on in global warming camp even at my university is pretty bloody obvious. And I'm not saying that means there is no global warming or no reason to be worried about it. It just means there is collusion going on. Nothing more and nothing less.

[@hubridnox]

Amazing stuff, John! So interesting. Loving the new format and subjects. Thank you!!

[@jrjon738]

Crash course is AWESOME!

[@lorcanbonda1241]

They key lessons from the little ice age were: 1) How easy it was for people to blame other people for a natural occurrence. 2) The cold periods (such as the little ice age) were brutally harsh on people and agriculture while the warm periods in between were almost universally beneficial. These were periods of wealth and rapid agricultural growth ... kind of like now.

[@xelgringoloco2]

I like how he says they we're totally wrong about witches causing bad weather but says nothing about how its equally dumb to blame bad weather on a god.

[@haltopen12]

because people don't generally believe in witches anymore, but say something bad about non-existant deities and you can cause a shit storm

[@xelgringoloco2]

haltopen12 Like how the Abrahamic Gods are taken as absolute fact but the all ancient Gods and the Gods of recently dead religions like Romanuva and Mahayana are taken as mythology.

[@archades115]

Furthermore, the sheer stupidity in believing a witch would knowingly and willingly cause famine and death. These are human beings who need to eat and often rely on their fellow human beings. Using their powers in such ways is not only risky and irresponsible, but just plain stupid.

[@Firmus777]

There is only one God.

[@maxben3391]

xEl Gringo Loco Mahayana is dead? Better tell all those Chinese and Japanese Buddhists!

[@ThirdCultureChinese]

We got 1k climate change deniers 😑

[@DavidAkhter]

Awesome. Love this channel, the explanations are great and its a plus that the host is HOOSIER!! Keep em coming.

[@Valthjof]

The Norsemen were in America far earlier than the little Ice Age (10th/11th centuries) and their movement westward was due to overpopulation, not climate factors.

[@louismastrangelo3781]

It's a good thing they had all those gas sucking, CO2 producing cars back in the little ice age so they could drive to places where there was more food and better climate. I am currently looking for an early 1400's Chevy to add to my ice age collection.

[@JukeboxTheGhoul]

Interestingly things other than cars create CO2, like fires that were lit to light everyones houses and expulsions from large amounts of cattle. But then again not all of climate change is global warming. Yes, the environmental impact of forest fires and torches in the medieval period is tiny percentage of what we expell today, but it doesn’t mean what we has no effect.

[@Humster]

Wait.. Wait.. I need to ask.. Are the Mongols immune to this little ice age?

[@kingjonstarkgeryan8573]

It is not check Prager university's video on it. They got a co-founder of green peace for the video.

[@viennasix9]

honestly the 1st time i have seen spam mention in a youtube video. i love crash course. such awesome videos

[@ExoticTerrain]

Thank you for educating me for free!

[@randypatterson2790]

You owe us another video since last week you were a no show :(

[@lucasarean8997]

He was very ill last week (viral meningitis)

[@randypatterson2790]

Well that would explain it.

[@amandadube156]

Don't you hate it when your meningitis goes viral? Damn those paparazzi!

[@gephc4]

Lucas Arean I heard on the internet that he had Ebola.

[@chloepenguins]

He had meningitis, give him a break...

[@deepashtray5605]

The next 200 years are going to be... well there going to suck.

[@SmashtheCmachine]

+Deep Ashtray yep. And hi.

[@AyubuKK]

Yep

[@TheTariqibnziyad]

Shakespeare is overrated

[@dane9398]

John is my history teacher at least he is my favorite

[@suigetsu777]

thanks to keep it free! i love crash course