Colonizing the Oort Cloud

[@shishkabobby]

Another use of the Oort cloud is as an observatory. The sun is a gravity lens with a focal length of about 550 AU. This is the justification for the proposed FOCAL (spacecraft). This makes the Oort cloud (at distances of 1000+ AU) perfect for using the sun as a lens. The resolution would be based upon a diameter several times that of the sun's photosphere, so it is measured in thousands of kilometers. Making lenses or mirrors that big are hard to imaging by any other means. So a swarm of detectors, probably robotic and running at very low temperatures, would allow for very precise mapping of our own galaxy as well as all other galaxies. At 500 nm, and a diameter of 2000 km, the angular resolution of about 3e-13 radians. The galaxy is about 9e20 meters across, so at the far end of the galaxy, you can resolve about 3e6 meters. So you can 'only' resolve Mercury sized planets from across the galaxy. I have not double checked my math, and I am surprised how poorly this did, I was expecting to get better resolution in the galaxy, but that just shows how vast the galaxy really is.

[@stefanr8232]

The sun is 700,000 km not 2000km. The proposed FOCAL project would be useful for mapping. But the solar lens itself would be next to useless for mapping. A spacecraft at 550 au could make parallax measurements by coordinating with earth. If interstellar spacecraft exist then they would be better at the parallax measurements.

[@shishkabobby]

Thanks for the correction on the diameter. I should have realized that my diameter was way too small. The gravity lens will focus to a line, rather than a point, from Scientific American's blog "Using the Sun as a Cosmic Telescope", there is hope for using the sun for imaging, but it will require significant image processing, which should not be a problem by the time we are actually able to do this.

[@stefanr8232]

You can listen to the radio without any picture of the radio antennae. Music plays great even though you do not know where on earth the broadcast comes from. The solar gravity lens would bring in a clear radio broadcast from very far away. You could also look for things like bio markers. Chemicals that indicate life. If you smear a picture of earth you can still calculate 70% water, 30% land. As earth rotates you would also see that the pacific side has more water than the other half. You could tell the seasons by changes in ice. You could detect the magnetic field. Photosynthesis and the ozone layer would be very detectable.

[@JSprayaEntertainment]

true , but how Lagrangian points are sweeping threw science replacing old models that include dark matter and black holes ... maybe the science of the Oort cloud will be will be changed , no i mean it will be changed and maybe Lagrangian points make it impossible to have a stable sphere . so no oort cloud at all ...

[@richarddeese1991]

I was not aware of the FOCAL project at all! I don't know how it escaped my attention, but it sounds perfectly awesome! I've been waiting & waiting for something like what you're describing to come along - all the time thinking, "They're building all these huge Earth telescopes, & James Web might even launch one day 😒, but WHY doesn't somebody take advantage of interferometry & put some smaller telescopes in orbit far apart?!? Wonderful! I'm gonna go look up this FOCAL right after I finish this vid! Rikki Tikki. 😎👍

[@krissisk4163]

I always kinda figured the Oort Cloud is going to be colonized eventually. Aside from the fact that there are hermits unwillingly among us there's just a LOT of space available out there. I gotta admit though I never considered the idea of interstellar truck stops out there. Good video as always Issac.

[@ev6558]

There's really nothing out there except chunks of frozen water and methane. Makes zero sense it would be colonized. "Available space" lol, this isn't South Beach Miami. There is plenty of available space in the solar system with actual access to resources they would need.

[@hardlineamerican8495]

I imagine that for humanity a few centuries from now the Oort Cloud will be open space is like Antarctica is today. It’s available and there’s certainly resources and population there but nobody will care until resources get low enough to necessitate colonization in both places.

[@xX_wiLLiam_Xx]

among us amogus amoogoos? sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus sus

[@mongevoador]

Every time this music sounds, I know my feet will leave the ground and my mind will soar away from all mundane problems, towards our real capacity as intelligent beings. Thank you again, Isaac, for the ride.

[@vahangood5999]

Alexandre Palazzo Well said!

[@richarddeese1991]

Well said, sir! 😉👌 Rikki Tikki.

[@mgworkchat]

Is it just me or has the “speech impediment” gotten 1000x better since the first episodes? Sounding great man, keep it up and keep the videos coming!

[@Soppybobs]

Matt Gibson I agree, practice must make perfect

[@mgworkchat]

Brian Holdren yeah i never really had an issue either and it definitely never detracted from the content but it was noticeable in the beginning. This is last video though I thought to myself, damn, He sounds really good. Like not even qualifying as a speech impediment anymore. It’s on the level of quirks of speech like Boston or new York accents, but even less so. Hopefully I’m conveying my thoughts on this properly Issac. Basically, you sound better than ever, your content is always top notch, and I look forward to every one of your videos.

[@bearcatben4762]

I thought i was just better at listening to his voice

[@tribbinvw]

I just went to his first and second video for comparison and must say that mainly the recording is much clearer, but his 'impediment' seems pretty much the same. For me it's hard to tell because I never had any problems understanding his voice, but maybe hours of listening makes others get used to it?

[@Drumsgoon]

I am used to listening to all sorts of non-native speakers (like myself) so I havn't had a problem with this guy.

[@Nia-zq5jl]

I don’t subscribe to much on KZbin, but this is something that I am really happy to subscribe to.

[@gabesmith8331]

I didn't even know the Oort cloud existed until last week. Also, a colony wouldn't need to interact with other colonies to make money, they would have their own internal economies. And if they did, they could also make a lot of money through finance, technological development, and services. They could even make videos about the future.

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

So they could :) But I think they will always want at least a little trade, even if it's non-essential trade in entertainment or tech & science. I tend to think if I were running things as grand overload I'd probably try to shift things around subtly to subsidize this or that just to ensure there were always a few benefits to modestly active trade and modestly solid self-sufficiency, helps to prevent folks getting too insular or being coercible by having trade as a jugular vein.

[@cillianennis9921]

If you really think of it colonising space could lead to a lack of actual money. I though of this whilst playing the game colonise mars because I realised I was paying my colonists so that they could buy the food they grew so that I could make back the money I paid them so at that point why not just remove money from the internal colony & instead focus it on the external politics of the colony back home & at other ports. Like really the early stages of colonisation may kill off general economies all together allowing for some new systems to form.

[@guarana-suquinho]

​@@cillianennis9921 Honestaly, the early stages of colonization would be more akin to a military operation or 24/7 civilian job, with paid food and long resting hours, than a normal job, so, there would not be a economy at first.

[@cillianennis9921]

@@guarana-suquinho it also does give the best chance for a completely new system to form. Like say Earth gets doomed & the colonies are all that's left but since money isn't a thing it never really develops as the small amount people has is all they have.

[@hakusansaku8800]

Arthur at a job interview: Interviewer: So what are you doing in your spare time? A: Nothing much, really, just some vids on youtube. Check it out if you want. I: k, maybe some clickbait content, lets see 1. hour: hmm something with space, lets see "colonizing xy", sounds interesting 2. hour: Like & subscribe, ... lets watch the previous one ... 8. hour: I should go to sleep, have work tomorror. Just one more episode .. 16. hour: I should call and tell them I'm sick ... 200. hour: Ok I've watched all his episodes, I did not go to work, who cares ! the dyson dilemma, and civilizations at end of time are much more important

[@grr194302727385]

They really are!

[@robbeandredstone7344]

Does he get the job?

[@69Kazeshini]

@@robbeandredstone7344 to this day hes still watching Isaac's video and forgot he applied for a job.

[@larrybeckham6652]

This video is a paradigm shifter - not unusual for a Isaac Arthur video and that why I love them. The Breakthrough Starshot has the wrong goal, it should target far reaches of the Kuiper Belt and map the Oort Cloud. Let's truly see where our solar system ends and what it out there.

[@eclipsenow5431]

I think you meant "not unusual for an Isaac Arthur"...

[@larrybeckham6652]

i did. corrected

Just because he never cites his sources doesn't mean his thoughts are original.

[@iorobinson5650]

I am only 13 but I already have a vast amount of knowledge in astronomy and astrophysics, and your videos keep me on my feet and I am always learning something new from you! Thank you for posting and don't stop making your videos!

[@amiracle817]

Same

[@fedportuguez8965]

Isaac man you have to write a whole book series!

[@owenburns5698]

You could be the next isaac asimov. The people of the futue will be asked who their favorite science fiction author is and they will respond: "Isaac Asimov and Arthur."

[@StraboSE]

DO IT!

[@ronschlorff7089]

OK, OK, he Oort to do it, but only if he does audio books too! I really like his voice; and all this "space science stuff" is pretty interesting too!! ;D

[@pianoman7753]

Id buy an isaac arthur book any day. Today. Yesterday.

[@inkwell8332]

Kuiper Belt: Still warmer than the Great Lakes in the wintertime

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

True enough

[@MrKago1]

but does the Kuiper belt have deep dish pizza and poutine?

[@prakadox]

Liamix12 I know the comment is made in humor, but seriously, an ecumenopolis earth will have full habitation of even the most extreme climates on earth. Because compared to space, it's a paradise. Plus we might be looking at warmth pumped in from rest of the earth. India would gladly give a lot away.

[@ronschlorff7089]

Please send some tandoori chicken with nan too :D

[@cillianennis9921]

@@MrKago1 not yet but it'll be at the top of the todo list after getting Pluto recognised as a true planet by any means necessarry.

[@LaserGuidedLoogie]

This channel is my "happy place," where I come when I want to feel better about things. Thanks Issac!

[@prakadox]

Lovely episode, Isaac. There is something very poetic about the image of a million lasers and masers coming out from the inner system, followed by hundreds of millions in the further systems. Gas stations, fortresses, whatever, but made by people like us.

[@thewalkingtaco9736]

Colonizing the Oort Cloud? I never thought of such a possibility... I now have something interesting to plan out for a sci-fi story! Thanks!

[@user-mo8br5sc2o]

Fafnir hi i'd love to read your story!

[@KateMW]

Fafnir how's that story going eh?

[@thewalkingtaco9736]

Kate Whelan Still in the planning stages, but not by much. Making interesting alien races is hard, especially since I want to make them work

[@aone9050]

I guess you changed your name (fafnir) but anywho, I would love to hear a sci fi story from a talking taco.

[@ronschlorff7089]

Suggested working title for your sci-fi story: "We oort to consider colonies in the Oort Cloud" he he!

[@hoggif]

Another great episode. I love the combination of realistic scifi with analytical engineer type analyzing. A great combination of approaches.

[@herzwatithink9289]

500k subs by this time next year. Isaac Arthur deserves them. Let's make sure it happens!

[@hoggif]

The growth has been huge indeed. I think it may be due to an approach that is very different to other channels I know of (and of course quality content with well thought out scripts). I think I found this channel due to another channel mentioning this, collaboration always helps to get the audience I guess. I loved also the old content like Fermi paradox short parts that seem to be no longer available. I used to revisit them occationally even after the compendium was available. I like the recent "not hurried" speach tempo more than the old (and sometimes new) ones that feel a bit buzy.

[@Dorianin1]

It doesn't hurt that as a veteran, he can communicate some very complex topics in a very accessible way. Great channel, great man.

[@JoelDowdell]

Interstellar highways being my third favorite concept from this channel, behind interstellar Jupiter and Gardener Ships. Always glad for elaboration on those topics.

[@samwpatterson]

interstellar jupiter gave me such a hard on, that torch animation is flawless

[@GustavoValdiviesso]

One of the best channel on KZbin! Awe-inspiring, well edited and animated, with a selection of topics unmatched not only here, but anywhere. Please keep on!

[@christophercarr5865]

I like the long form, also. Nice for those of us who've manager to retain some attention span. :-)

[@Edit32]

I love how your production quality is steadily improving over time (It was good anyway, super well structured) Thanks mate.

[@HistoryTime]

Isaac I love your videos so much man.

[@whtbobwntsbobget]

Gay!

[@Chrisket]

What even

[@andrewkostecka1827]

About as much as "Bobby."

[@lucascardenas335]

@Bobby Goetz shut up

[@waspsandwich6548]

When you make documentaries, please research accurate pronunciations of important words

[@jabronjunklove760]

This channel is what the SyFy channel should be. In fact, I bet SyFy is jealous of what Isaac has done here. Thanks for sharing your time and knowledge, Isaac.

[@michalzustak8846]

JaBron Junklove Watch the Expanse on SyFy. That show reminds me of this channel through it's a lot darker.

[@kennyadams5210]

@@michalzustak8846 I'm reading the books now they are great

[@Soppybobs]

Isaac we Yumans thank you! Sagan would be happy to see this channel.

[@GlacialScion]

Sagan would probably want to guest star in at least one episode.

[@dcfromthev]

SAGAN

[@Soppybobs]

Sagan lives on through his work and impact on other YUMANS.(My dad's got a copy of voyager record). This gives me hope for us as a species. I wrote this cause seeing the heart Isaac gave my comment made my day.

[@ronschlorff7089]

Right, Dr. Sagan would, and maybe have his own channel. If Tyson and Kaku can, then he certainly could have also!! And he'd have "billions and billions and billions and billions" of views!! :D

[@gigasoto]

Every episode gets better and better. This is the best show, on any medium. Long live Isaac Arthur! Iv been going hard on suppliments and exersize, because, even if its only a slither of hope, I want to live as long as possible to experience as much of our universes history as possible.

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

Thanks! One rarely regrets good health even if the tech doesn't arrive in time, something I need to keep reminding myself of :)

[@gigasoto]

Yeah, I do it for the long term health for now, but to live long enough to live forever would be a bonus! Generally iv found that my mental ability is having huge benafits already. I just finished reading 'Ray Kerzweil - Transcend: Nine Steps to Living Well Forever', really good book that Id reccomend.

[@samcavanagh7993]

I love how the ship is named "Sagan".

[@literalvampirepotbellygobl5629]

I feel like a night at the bar with Isaac Arthur would actually make me gain brain cells. Man, if you're ever in Cleveland, hit me up.

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

:) I actually almost never get into Cleveland these days, and tended to do my clubbing in Akron back in those days, I don't drink much anymore but my Army brethren tell me I did use to talk about a lot of this stuff with them back then, I think one of them saying "I always felt like I was an acid trip to the future when you'd talk about it" was one of the best compliments I ever got.

[@ronschlorff7089]

@@isaacarthurSFIA Dunno if that was "high praise" from your buddy or not, but I understand, as a fellow vet (67-69), we did have some time to ponder "stuff and life" on occasion ("what will I do when I ETS"? were my thoughts). You parlayed those thoughts nicely into some good stuff here,... thanks!!

[@ronschlorff7089]

Sean McClish, If you are ever on Mars, in ten or so years, look up Isaac; he'll be in the Mars Bar, having a drink, followed by a Mars Bar, for a candy snack!! :D LOL.

[@dougselsam5393]

@@ronschlorff7089 Jimi Hendrix learned to play guitar in the army around that time, on army-owned instruments and amps.

[@ronschlorff7089]

@@dougselsam5393 did not know that, but should have. Great man, taken too soon; like many of his generation. My fave, of many others, of his: "All along the watch tower". :)

[@neuroticaproductions1834]

Excellent episode, as usual. Holy shit what I wouldn't give for a hyper-realistic space colonization game (Stellaris on steroids) featuring all of the concepts you cover in this channel. We probably wouldn't have the computer processing power for such a thing for years, though.

[@myalt3019]

Human's traits could be like this: Expansionist: This species will colonize anything. (Gains the ability to colonize Oort Clouds and Deathworlds.) Hardy: This species can persevere through the most dire pf circumstances. (Population less likely to suicide while under Subjugation or Simulated Torture.) Warlike: This species have evolved in a competitive ecosystem on it's homeworld, and war has never left it's psyche. (50% more support for Nicoll-Dyson Beams and Relativistic Kill Missiles.)

[@piotrd.4850]

EVE Online could easily do interacton part and today's most powerful local hardware is basically for graphiscs only.

[@elizabethorman86]

Facing a dismal personal future, this video makes me feel like reaching the Oort cloud is actually possible and therefore there's hope. Your clear perspective on what's possible vs what is probably not, and yet still remain positive, is such a wonderful experience. Having it weekly is a gift! Thank you!

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

Thank you Elizabeth! and I hope the future cheers up for you.

[@Tacticslion]

This is just phenomenal. I always love your work. It's an uplifting concept to see where we might not only settle, but thrive throughout the ages. Thank you!

[@leakycheese]

Issac Arthur, you never cease to amaze me with how well written and deeply researched your videos are and how you demonstrate what is possible within the realms of scientific knowledge. Thank you.

[@Krystallen]

Well said. I was gonna post something like you just said. You rock Issac!

[@bipolatelly9806]

leakycheese He is full of crap.

[@bipolatelly9806]

Krystallen He is full of shite.

[@Krystallen]

What, didn't he want to date you or something? ;) Issac is amazing. Even quite famous people in his field has commented on him. So...I think you are quite wrong.

[@bobbarker8732]

Give issac more money . we want 2 videos a week

[@DaFinkingOrk]

BOB BARKER I'm gonna have more money soon and start giving this man a tip! Many of us pay hundreds a year to TV companies for content that's a load of crap compared to Isaac's videos - here in Britain we *have* to pay £170 (over 200 'murican doll hairs) a year to the BBC for content that's almost entirely crap to be honest. So why not throw a few bob a month to Isaac as a thanks for his brilliant videos that really lighten our day! And getting two videos a week would be awesome! But I'm sure he has other stuff to do, and clearly a lot of time and effort goes into each video - we wouldn't want to change that and have Isaac rush the videos more because they're perfect as they are. So I'm not sure. But if he has more money he could work less and have more time to make these, making two videos a week not a problem. Just an idea - maybe one normal video and then one with extra bits about and outtakes from the main video, mainly it could be background information and a bit more detail about some of the things mentioned in the main video. It would be much easier and quicker to make so wouldn't take as much time as two "normal" videos, like a middle option if two full episodes a week is too much.

[@mihailazar2487]

this series makes me feel so happy ... so warm and fuzzy inside ... reminds me of something Carl Sagan once said "it will not be us who will colonize the nearby worlds in out interstellar arks ... the simple passing of so many generations will have changed us ... it will be a civilisation very much like us, but with fewer of our flaws and weaknesses , more confident, far-seeing and wise. Because despite all our flaws and limitations, we humans are capable of greatness"

[@rubenvd3913]

Your videos give me hope for humanity. Never stop making them. :-)

[@bearcatben4762]

Thursday is the highlight of my week

[@gregbrockway4452]

Thank you Isaac for another superb video. Despite all of the horrible things happening here on Earth your insightful views give me hope for mankind. Yours is truly the very best channel on KZbin.

[@TastyBaldEagle]

My wifi broke but I just had to watch this... Am using way too much data right now

[@12345DJay]

Isaac i have to say the Outward Bound series is my FAVOURITE video series of the entire internet. You are simply awesome. Thank you for all your work.

[@vincenthall7950]

Your videos are amazing. Ive always wanted to write realistic scifi and your videos touch on so many different topics in depth that I will be able to do so thanks to you. Thank you.

[@lalitoborrego2860]

Isaac thanks for the awesome video you always make Thursdays Better

[@chrisgarcia6098]

Always a pleasure to be marinated by sweet science.

[@geoffreyweights7697]

Thankyou Isaac your videos are always showing me new ways of looking at things and make my breaks at work much more enjoyable.

[@CalimirRPG]

Great week to you too isaac and thank you for the best weekly series on youtube. :)

[@TheNipSnipper]

you should do science consultation for movies. Maybe then they would actually be immersive when I'm not able to pick apart the science as they present it.

[@michalzustak8846]

Brenden Watch the Expanse series.

[@blkgardner]

Many critical elements in sci-fi are impossible, such as faster-than-light travel, aliens that can interbreed with humans, and habitable planets a significant proportion of star systems. The entire genre would need to be reworked in order to be plausible.

[@5000mahmud]

Great video Isaac. 😀 Oort cloud seems like a cozy place. Just you and the void, with the occasional lump of ice to keep you company.

[@tahneethompson6012]

it does sound comfy it would be hard for people to annoy you considering your in the middle of nowhere

[@5000mahmud]

Tahnee Thompson I could see the Oort cloud becoming home to the introvert of the solar system. It would make a great place for introspection.

[@zigzagduck952]

+5000mahmud Who's bringing the scotch ?

[@pflernak]

+zigzag duck Theres got to be a particle beam service for that. Just dont order stuff from Earth it takes about a month before they even start processing your order.

[@ronschlorff7089]

@@zigzagduck952 Right, G and T's all around!!

[@tf1090c]

Always happy to see new Isaac Arthur videos

[@berniesanders4966]

Another day, another video, another reason to celebrate.

[@MonstaMunch101]

"a mountain sized chunk of ice and gravel trillions of kilometers from the nearest sun, you are more iceolated...." I see what you did there >.>

[@jamesgordley5000]

Trillions of miles out from civilized space dwell the nomadic Oort Mongols, a threat nearly impossible for stellar empires to localize and stamp out.

[@aravindhanil7235]

Really love this series . HAPPY ARTHURSDAY

[@operationmindfuck5723]

See you next Thursday!

[@plasmapoweredsabby]

Issac your amazing keep up the great videos.

[@fl00fydragon]

one of my favourite channels on youtube, easily in the top 3

[@fatetestarossa2774]

mine too

[@Ozzy_2014]

Happy to share your excellent work!

[@trikkinikki970]

Thank you Isaac, I needed you this Thursday more than usual. Life is fucked up past two days. Love you, keep up the good work :)

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

Hopefully your weekend is better

[@trikkinikki970]

Thanks Isaac. Mother was trying to tell me of some false memories of things she insisted I said... Worried it's something larger. No idea what to do and I have no one to reach out to really and I'm honestly terrified as I'm barely holding myself together in the face of everything I'm dealing with, I can't deal with my mom losing her mind as well.

[@baumulrich]

hey trikki, this doesnt sound too good. but the youtube comment section isnt probably the best place to get help. have you heard of reddit? there are subreddits where you can vent and talk to people that might share your experiences or can help you with advice, or just listen! check out this link: www.reddit.com/r/MMFB/ or maybe one of those www.reddit.com/r/needadvice/ www.reddit.com/r/Needafriend/wiki/sistersubs could help. all the best wishes!

[@defexorcist]

It's happening to my step-father (Alzheimer's and dementia), and my mother cannot handle much at all. I, too, am barely holding things together in my own life. Despite obtaining a M.S. degree in biological science, I am seemingly unemployable. Isaac's channel is one thing that helps keep my sanity intact (...and from jumping into organized crime to make a living.)

[@trikkinikki970]

Heh, yeah I'm on reddit. Asking for advice there is just as much of a shitshow as asking for advice on youtube. This video tends to attract a better crowd though. She's just insisting I told her that my boyfriend's first wife warned me that he was violent and once hit his first wife in the head with a toy guitar to the point where she needed 10 stitches. This never happened. My mom is insisting that I told her about that, and asked why I would tell her such a thing if it never happened. At first I thought my memory was fucked up and I was doing things wrong... but there was just no way that happened like she said. None of those things were correct. I'm so worried if she's going to have her opinions of people formed by false memories and possible harmful things that could happen to her or those around her.

[@mrtspence]

+Isaac Arthur These videos are just fantastic man. Does my heart good to see that subscriber count ticking up every week. You deserve it!

[@renukote]

mrtspence EARTH IS seriously stationary and flat

[@curstdragon]

This is the only channel I get exited to see new notifications for.

[@deviantaffinity1626]

rene ibarlucea Really?

[@CaptainApollo2009]

I always get excited when i see the notification as well!!!

[@Mister_Man]

First new episode I've caught after binging everything before it! Happy Arthursday!

[@mikea2363]

"sir, the Earth confederacy has recently installed an habitat in an asteroid around its system " "Ready the Great Armada, those rocks are ours!"

[@shishkabobby]

And thus began the Second Falklands War...

[@henrithebault5722]

Los granos de polvo congelado de los Malvinas de la nube de Oort :D ... Definitely worth dying for.

[@MrKago1]

how dare they lay claim to one of the billion billion rocks of space. this threatens the size of my dick.......I mean empire....yes, empire....that's what I meant. i wasnt going to use it, hell dodnt even know it was there. but I want to use it now beacuse I haven't out grown 9 year old behavior.

[@AnakinSkyobiliviator]

"That's it, the Rebels are there" "My lord, there are so many uncharted settlements, it could be smugglers, it could be-" Sorry, was watching ESB and can't help but to add that to the comment chain.

[@ronschlorff7089]

Earth Confederacy??!! So, the South does "Rise Again" and takes over the whole Earth? Wow!! ;D

[@jamesskinnercouk]

I love your introductions, thumbs up.

[@Seshins]

Another fantastic vid Arthur. Love your work sir.

[@jakestark9277]

These videos are amazing. And they hurt my brain in the best way possible. Keep the content coming!

[@raffaelepiccini3405]

I would change your first requirement for being a planet.. "it should orbit a star", some planets (rough planets) don't orbit a star

[@jasonstefanovich58]

Woot, it is Thursday again, thank you Mr. Isaac Arthur.

[@MarkBlack1831]

Ahhh! Another Arthursday and another great video. Thank you, Isaac!

[@richarddeese1991]

Welcome to Camelot (it's Arthurian!) 🎪🛡⚔🌠🌌 Rikki Tikki.

[@yumazster]

I usually listen to your videos at work but cannot watch (it still works for me :-) ) But I gotta say great kudos to people helping you with the graphics and animations. Will be watching it full on weekends so I can enjoy the full experience. Great work!

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

Thanks! and yeah they deserve a lot of kudos.

[@kaldax23]

Every time I watch one of your videos, there is that sneaky feeling of being either born too early or that humanity is simply more interested in pointless warfare and trying to monotize everything instead of exploring the universe.

[@PolesAreEverywhere]

if not for warfare we would be still using baloons for flying

[@praetorurbanus2917]

Steppenwolf planets. Just so appropriate, I can't stop chuckling; and now I've got that tune stuck in my head. Boy am I old...

[@DarrinBell]

Mark my words,1million subscribers by this time next year. I remember when it was fewer than 5000.

[@JimGiant]

And we'll still be saying he's criminally undersubbed when he has 10 million.

[@samwpatterson]

truuuuuuuuuuuuuuu. I wont be satisfied till this is the only thing people talk about on thursdays

[@robydee920]

Darrin Bell next time try with "I hope" and not with "mark my words".

[@speedosam5221]

Wrong you turd

[@marrqi7wini54]

Two years later and we're half way there.

[@NickFisherman]

In my stories, they build a monitoring station on every sufficiently massive object in the Oort Cloud, and they call it the Oort Shield. Should a visitor arrive from interstellar space (be it natural, or unnatural) the solar system will have ample warning from at least one of these stations. This plan does not specifically involve settling the icy planetesimals with people, but it doesn't exclude it either, and if someone expressed a desire to live in one of them, they would almost certainly be approved to do so.

[@Holammer]

The bit about soda cans orbiting the sun at the beginning? Lost opportunity to reference Russell's teapot.

[@hugoortega195]

Maybe the first justification to build Ort Cloud Colonies is Kublblitz's Black Hole Manufacturing? I would assume trying to create a mini black hole does come with some type of danger, perhaps to mitigate the possibility of a catastrophic explosion inside the solar system you build them out there and bring them in?

[@Nimbos0]

Honestly whenever I watch one of your videos I get this warm felling inside and it just feels so nice :v

[@DaFinkingOrk]

SFIA videos cause euphoria for me too, in growing steps from "realising it's Thursday and he's going to upload" through "getting the notification" to finally "grabbing a snack and a drink and watching the glorious video with child-like wonder". The introduction has been known to induce a sudden burst of somewhat opiate-like euphoria - like being cuddled by a warm fluffy blanket. Nothing cheers me up like seeing that Isaac Arthur notification pop up, just in time to blow away the midweek slump. I've seen them all but I go back and rewatch ones I haven't seen for a long time because I just can't get enough of this stuff haha. In other words, these videos are absolutely amazing. You're a legend Isaac!

[@marcosmillet7957]

Lovely :)

[@IntenseVisuals]

These videos always make my Thursday's better.

[@landokhan]

Fascinating! I live for Isaac’s videos.

[@madcircle7311]

can't wait for next Thursday now..

[@brinehound]

SFIA is such an incredible channel, it ceases to amaze and I CANNOT get past how realistic the concepts the author proposes are. This is such fantastic content that almost brings to life our potential future. What a joy to listen to!

[@decents8096]

Happy Arthursday!

[@CyberiusT]

I always have loved the idea of hollowing-out a good chunk of rock and spinning it up. Problem is that rock is not very strong as these things go, and by doing that you're basically making the entire shell into a gigantic span bridge - every part of it will be trying to fall away from the central axis. That seems like a recipe for unexpected spacewalks. Which means you have to put giant reinforcing bands around the outside to hold it all together... It's less effort than building a whole starship, but it's a whole lot more complex than it seems at first glance. There's also the problem of your atmosphere outgassing through the rock, but if you're upto this sort of challenge in the first place, you can probably handle spraying it with sealant. ;p

[@ericgolightly8450]

Cover the inside with a strong material like carbon crystals. The outside would be a problem, though.

[@twodimensionaldelusion6329]

I don`t care what anyone says, not even you Isaac. Pluto will always be a planet to me.

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

:) Of the three laws for planets that last one demoting Pluto passed by one vote, and Mercury for instance probably wouldn't pass if it were further out, plus the IAU doesn't exactly have any legal status to make definitions, so you are welcome to consider Pluto a planet, BUT you do have to include places like Eris, Makemake, Haumea, and at least Ceres if not Vesta and several others if you do. Indeed Ceres and Vesta were both counted as planets for quite a while but got demoted at some point too. Basically they knew a ton of smaller new planets were going to get found, we'd just found a few, and wanted to draw a line that would prevent folks needing to memorize what might end up being a few dozen new planets. That was the least arbitrary definition they could come up with to prevent it. It's still a planet though, jsut a dwarf planet, we have giant planets, we live around a dwarf star.

[@cluckeryduckery261]

awesome subject! These "close to home" colonization videos have become amongst my favorite of your line up, and that's saying something.

[@kazansky22]

You should write a book man.

[@korkey999]

William R I would buy it

[@MichaelSellsMT]

Would buy can confirm

[@TripedalTroductions]

It would rival Carl Sagan's work for sure

[@Asrashas]

Yeah. I'd put that book very near the top of my wishlist of books immediately. Or I'd just immediately buy it. Probably that.

[@jhwheuer]

Sir, no distractions for this good man. A book would mean no weekly videos for a long time...

[@NorthernChev]

This one is my absolute favorite of your colonization series so far. Bravo, sir!

[@lightsidemaster]

Don't be afraid to show calculations Isaac ;) The more calculations and formulas, the better IMO. Like for the energy needed to get 1 ton of material to 10% the speed of light.

[@remo5274]

Love the look of the "Sagan" starship. He'd be flattered I'm sure

[@shronemor]

Happy Arthur's Day.... I really love these uploads. Really informative and engaging Thank you for all the hard work you put into these fantastic videos

[@wesleystotler2574]

Thanks for the show and channel, been thinking about space for years. We are living in age of great things to come.

[@JimBurr101]

Thank you Isaac great episode!

[@phils4634]

Colonising elsewhere is the best way of avoiding the current "all our eggs in the one basket" situation. That alone makes any such endeavour worthwhile. The distances are jaw-dropping by our Earthly standard but we're still "officially" in the Solar System, so such efforts could well be used as a development platform for our first truly interstellar vessels - "if it can stand a few trips there and back to the Oort Cloud, it should be OK for a trip to our nearest star". As for the laser strategy - our current solid-state lasers should be up there in the better than 80% range (current cryolaser experiments), but output powers are still feeble (800w "maybe", vs the tens of MW needed for propulsion systems). Then there's the problem of that waste heat (at say 10MW output, 80% conversion efficiency, that's 2.5MW - which will need to be got rid of by radiation - let alone the waste heat from the (presumably fusion) main power source). It would be very interesting to see how these problems might be addressed - that "waste heat" would certainly be a useful energy source for heating (obviously), and maybe for localised manufacture? Lots of opportunity here!!

[@bobbarker8732]

More videos issac .. We fweeeking love u dude

[@paxdriver]

Thanks for the show Isaac, I watch you every week. I especially like the 40+ minute long videos, you have a keen sense for choosing interesting details to delve into. Much love, keep it up!

[@soroushhoseini3529]

As always mate, you are the best

[@shakovhudds4213]

It's so so nice to watch a science video to not see a war between the creationist and non creationist communities. You know this is something special when the comments section dominated by by mostly positive feedback. I find myself missing most videos as I get sucked in by the hateful, and quite frankly stupid, keyboard wars. I'm ashamed to say it but they can be so ridiculous that I find them more interested than the video I actually clicked on. Well done Sir! You have achieved something that I thought was only in the theoretical phase and was many decades from becoming a reality. It's true folks! Positive and constructive comment sections are not only a possibility , but actually exist.

[@pottierkurt1702]

Happy Ar Thursday

[@ronschlorff7089]

Thanks for that "illumination"; the week day choice makes perfect sense now!! ; )

[@andrewstrongman305]

Your videos are always intriguing, Isaac. Your focus on what could be achieved with current or close technology, and your love of massively scaled projects is exactly the kind of vision humanity needs to survive and prosper. The next few decades will be critical in determining the viability of long-term survival.

[@aformalevent]

I'm always looking forward to your videos. Great work Isaac!

[@DaDanDolya]

Always look forward to your videos!

[@CraigLYoung]

Mr. Isaac Could you do an episode on Industrializing Space, especially the early years before the development of rotating habitats. Example could be how to smelt ore in zero gravity or how to cast in zero gravity. I understand where we can find the raw materials but how could we process the material in zero gravity.

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

I might,t here's a company developing drones for space construction that's been asking me to review the matter and has some nice animations I can use, but I'm undecided if it should be a full episode.

[@CraigLYoung]

I think it would make an interesting episode especially for those of us that are industrially based. How big would a solar array need to be to smelt ore. Would it be more feasible to reuse old rocket parts in orbit to establish the manufacturing facility or just jump to core mining asteroids? What education and training would be needed. How would we select workers? How can you safely mill or turn metals? Can you safely weld in space? Can you grow crystals needed in semiconductors in zero gravity? Until you develop manufacturing, how can you mine in space? I think there is enough material to fill a whole episode.

[@TomGrubbe]

I'd like to see this too!

[@foxxxof]

I'm so fascinated by it that I'd watch a 10 minute quickie just to get an idea of what it would take. I know you want to stick to your format though and do it your way. Perhaps you could find a way to chain a few concepts together that make sense in conjunction with one another to make a full episode.

[@DBFIU]

These videos are so thought intensive. I make sure my place is dead quiet, and it's late at night, the only way to listen to Isaac with all of my attention.

[@Michiganmayor420]

Yess iv been waiting for this all month!!

[@nicholasandrzejkiewicz]

For some reason I liked this video particularly. It reminds me of the feel and subject of your older videos.

[@tankairui5663]

Yey! A video about the Oort Cloud!

[@Jason76Holmes]

I'm a huge fan. I always learn so much from your videos. Please keep up the good work!

[@isaacarthurSFIA]

Thanks Jason!

[@johnlab9279]

Thankyou Isaac :D