STOP USING 44.1k!! - Let Me Explain...

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[@gfkeenan4]

Slightly disapointed in this video compared to the rest of your videos. Whilst I agree with your conclusions, you don't touch on a lot of the reasons why CD was at 44.1kHk and DVD was at 48kHz. Or why 24bit is better than 16bit. Sampling rates always have to be double the maximum frequency you want to capture (Shannon-Nyquist). So 44.1kHz sampling rate produces an audible frequency of up to 22.05kHz, the reason this is above the max human hearing range was to allow for filters. Instead of having a hard cut of filter to stop any frequencies entering the ADC at exactly 20kHz, a filter with a sloped cut of is used as the filter would be easier to implement and therefore cause less artifacts in the sound. Ultimatley, It was, as you rightly say, to be efficent in saving space/data. However, 48kHz is popular on DVD/films/TV because it is easier to sync to a variety of frame rates. Not because they want 24kHz of audible sounds vs 22.05kHz. Human ears can't hear that high, and even if we could the difference between the notes they would produce is small (e.g. the difference between 200hz tone vs a 500hz tone is much greater than 14.2kHz vs 14.5kHz) our ears have better resolution at lower frequencies. 48kHz is purley for ease of maths vs 44.1kHz in implementation and filters. 16 bit vs 24 bit determines the noise floor/dynamic range available. The human ear in ideal conditions has a noise range of 120-130ish dB. However, we all have to deal with background noise and the equal loudness curves show that its only at certain frequencies our ear can hear down to near 0dB. When CD was introduced it was taking over from tape. 96dB (16bit audio) was seen as more than enough of a Sigal to noise ratio compared to tape (as in Cassette tape even with Dolby-NR, not studio/reel to reel etc). However, 24bit (which provieds 144dB of noise floor/dynamic range) more closley resembles the human ear. So again, it was a compromise to, as you said, save space. Also in a recording environment, having that headroom is incredibly usefull - especially when recording classical music. So - I completly agree with your conclusion, just not the way you came to it!

[@Reallyrolo]

🔥

[@mwdiers]

I agree completely. Part of the problem is the manner in which he represents "headroom", i.e., drawing it in such a way that it makes it look like the amplitude of a waveform will exceed the range of 16-bit audio. This is, of course, completely wrong. 0db is 0db whether in 24-bit or 16-bit audio, and a waveform that exceeds 0db will clip in 24-bit just as much as it clips in 16-bit. Nevertheless there is indeed more headroom with 24-bit. It gives you the luxury of recording at a lower volume and applying more aggressive compression or other dynamics without losing dynamic range as compared to 16-bit. But this is all about mixing and mastering. Headroom ceases to be an issue with distribution, and 96db of dynamic range is more than enough for the most dynamic classical recording. As for 48Khz being more "edgy" than 96Khz? That makes me cringe. That's most likely a DAC issue with poor filtering and/or the result of driving speakers with high harmonics what are inaudible, but introduce audible distortion.

[@StanAllDay]

Thank you for the insight!

[@adrianzadi]

I think your explanation lacks one point. It is correct that 44,1 is basically implementation and filters BUT we are also getting only 4 measure points a 10khz. That makes high frequencies which are still very noticeable pretty low resolution. That'd be a reason to upscale recording or listening. Of course it has its pro and cons but I think it is very worth adding to your great note! :)

[@mwdiers]

@@adrianzadi No, that's not the case. That's the beauty of the Nyquist theroem. Mathematically, at 44.1Khz, you have all the points you need to perfectly reproduce every waveform up to 20Khz, with a 2.05Khz buffer for the filter. There is no noticeable "pretty low resolution" at those frequencies. None whatsoever. The resulting waveform is perfect in every case, with all source material. Again, this is for distribution. For production it's an entirely different story, especially if you are doing time or pitch shifting. Then higher resolution is absolutely beneficial. It is also beneficial if you rely on saturation effects and are getting audible and distracting aliasing. Then 96Khz is beneficial. I generally produce and mix at 96Khz/24 and distribute at 48Khz/16.

[@scorestorm]

arguments - 0 idle talk - 100

[@Wylie288]

Dude doesn't even know the difference between bit rate and bit depth.

[@stevebeaudoin7234]

That was very helpful and enlightening I've switched to 24 bit. Like you said there's more room on computers these days but stuck with the 44k. And didn't really know why I should go to 48k. But now I'm convinced. Thanks

[@Jennerical]

Precise information, appreciate the knowledge Colt!

[@Andyisdead81]

After some experimenting I found that 48/24 is the rate that gives me the best results for what I do, on my system with my converters. There's an argument for recording at 96 and downsampling to 48 when mixing, but then again I'm a little sloppy and wouldn't want to constantly change sample rate... 🤷🏻‍♂. Also, let's not forget that the results will vary depending on the converters and clocking you are using! Peace and peaches y'all! 🍑

[@bruno_dias]

"There's an argument for recording at 96 and downsampling to 48 when mixing..." but not a mathematically solid one!

[@RocknRollkat]

Excellent presentation, thank you. I gotta smile when I realize that all of this technology ends up going into 'earbuds'. I've been doing this since 1961, my studio monitors back in the day were 12 1/2 cu. ft. apiece with 15" woofers, etc., custom built. And today kids think 'subwoofers' deliver bass. Thanks again, Bill P.

[@anthonycunningham4598]

That was good!! Thanks again for posting relevant content!!

[@necroticpoison]

Great vid thanks for sharing the expertise / knowledge🔥

[@oqsy]

Plot twist: The audio to this video is 44.1

[@lorenzotrivinolopez8880]

Please. Sample rate is about frequency content. The higher the sample rate, the higher the frequencies the converter is going to registrate. Read about the Nyquist theorem to really inform yourselves about this and why you should care (the effect is called aliasing, which it is something we do need to avoid). I like Colt videos. I think he discusses many interesting topics about the art of mixing and how to run a professional studio. It is a magnific work he does. But he missed the point in this video.

[@mfassett40]

You are 100 percent right

[@SimonBlandford]

This is true if we can say that digital anti-alias filters have no “sound”. The more of a brick wall the brick wall filter has to be the more likely it will impose some kind of sonic footprint because it is more extreme. For 44.1k it has to go from passband to stopband between 20k and 22.05k. Increasing the sampling rate means the filter has more space to roll off, is less extreme, there is less ringing on square waves and transients and is less likely to affect the sound quality.

[@Captain-Obvious1]

"The higher the sample rate, the higher the frequencies.." What's the highest frequency you can hear?

[@johnfordjr.5718]

Thanks 👍, I've been trying to help others understand all the sound quality that they're missing.

[@dimbeatz7478]

Nice. I did not think of that you just upgraded my sound. Thanks Bro!

[@djmatush]

Hello Colt! Nice topic ! What about virtual synths and plugins working in the box and higher sample rates ?

[@DJayFreeDoo]

The audio interface seem to allow higher buffersizes at 48k and in 44.1 aliasing is much more audible. Just open a synth without oversampling and make a sine sweep in the high frequencies. Sounds like an AM radio until switching to 48.

[@PlottingTheDownfall]

Been 48/24 since I started mixing. But then, started digitally with ADAT with 48k 16bit, mixing on a mackie 32x8 - back when gain staging every step was critical to get a good digital mix.

[@definfected]

Makes a lot of sense to me. 48k all the way baby!! Much ❤️ Colt!!

[@stevekannes89]

This was very informative. Thank you Brother

[@MySecretSpotrecording]

I use to work for a guy who help develop the CD's for sony and 48k is what they liked the best but couldn't fit all on a cd... So I have always used 48k 24 bit. thanks for the conformation.

[@aarontressell6104]

Excellent video. I also am a 24/48 guy. I think that your description of more aggressive sound is a good one. Many folks don't think about how the filters applied to avoid artifacts of conversion affect the sound in our "20-20k" range. I was always feeling that those had some harmonic color there that altered the sound somehow. Even notice it with my burl bomber.

[@inmemoryofin]

I had the same thought I think maybe Colt is hearing aliasing and getting into that vibe (it's not always a bad sound!)

[@RamZMusic]

Good analysis! Subscribed

[@jcserrano1663]

I love to learn from you because you go straight to what really works best. 🥰🥰🥰🤗🤗🤗🎸🎸🎸

[@mc6712]

88.2kHz/32bit has been my default for probably 20 years now. I settled on it at the time because it divides evenly to 44.1kHz when downsampling, so in theory it would be less prone to artifacts. The converters still only had 24bit resolution, but saving as a 32bit file gives it much more headroom when editing and matched the internal resolution of the DAW processing.

[@JanEkbom]

88.2 kHz is from Bob Katz, right? But I wonder, did you ever try to downsample from 88.2 to 48/24 or to 44.1/24? I'm quite new to this and try to understand but there are a lot of bids out there.

[@TheEclecticDyslexic]

You in theory shouldn't need to divide evenly when downsampling if your DAW does things correctly. It is entirely possible to reconstruct the continuous waveform for any frequencies in a lower resolution by the higher resolution samples.

[@vontreherumaiBH]

That’s crazyyy me toooo! 💯💯

[@JonathanGerardDias]

I've been on 88.2 for the past 5 years.. 24/64 bit thou studio one default. No reason to switch from 44.1 to 48 since that's a 8.8% change in the sample rate only. At the most the filter on the interface changes slightly.

[@svarogstudio]

I feel the only reason to go higher than 48 is because of aliasing introduced by non linear processing. But a lot of plugins (most that I use) have an internal upsampling or the "HQ" button so even that is taken care off. I'm almost 100% sure nobody will be able to hear the difference between 48 and 96 if there is no aliasing going on from processing.

[@4lanimoyo553]

Thank god being the only smart person here there is so much bs around floating around and this guy is lowkey spreading it as well

[@Bthelick]

it gets a lil more complicated too, there are situations where lower sample rates with upsampling can actually produce less aliasing in multi-non-linear chains than equivalent higher sample rates. there's a fascinating paper on the subject by either Vladislav or Fabian who code for Tokyo Dawn.

[@JiihaaS]

@@4lanimoyo553 are you saying the op is wrong? How exactly?

[@j3ffn4v4rr0]

A second reason would be if you intend to offer yourself greater flexibility in time-stretching or pitch-shifting on your sample, for using your sample in future sound design purposes.

[@CinematicLaboratory]

Totally agree.

[@herenazano2132]

thanks bro much appriciated for the advice...

[@edmoss2020]

Thanks cole, good stuff

[@blindoptic5364]

Thx for the upload! After watching I quickly starting comparing sample rates from my last few tracks. You are definitely right, sounds better in 48 > 44. I also compared 64,000 SR to 48 and found that 64 sounds a bit cleaner and still gives that slight ruggedness ❤️. I’ll be bouncing to 64:) PS. If your sub rate is acting a little funky it’s because I unsubbed to re-sub;)

[@ColtCapperrune]

Haha thanks!! This one was significantly more controversial than I expected and lost more than a couple subscribers over it. Lol.

[@kelainefes]

@@ColtCapperrune I mean, if your clients are requesting 48k files for higher quality streaming platforms it makes sense to switch even just for that reason.

[@bontempo1271]

@@ColtCapperrune ​ yea there are some sensitive subjects when you step into the digital technical realm, samplerate is definitely one of them. You have the best mastering engineers and tech experts in the world disagreeing, and if you take a look on forums it's a deep rabbit hole. You could be right or wrong, provide a professional take on what you hear, but if it doesn't match the information they've accepted as correct, then they devalue your opinion !

[@KarenBasset]

Must be a personal taste thing among those that can hear a difference. I believe Jack Joseph Puig prefers 44.1 to 48k saying 44.1 sounds more musical to him.

[@ThisMichaelBrown]

That bugs me too....big JJ Puig fan....i'm currently sticking to 48....I tried a 96 and ran into some conversion hassles? something was not as easy...maybe I will give 96 another try at some point.

[@Jason75913]

44.1kHz will sound the most musical as that is the frequency at which DACs apply the greatest oversampling rates that they do to generate the smoothest analogue signal. Higher sample rates causes them to dial back the oversampling. This stuff is freaking subtle, mind you, and requires high-end playback systems to notice. For most people, it is likely just an imaginary difference.

[@Captain-Obvious1]

@@Jason75913 Right. Another consideration is the audible effect of decreasing of clock accuracy with sample rate, in individual systems.

[@keithspillett5298]

It's really a 'headroom thing' as he says. 16/44.1 was chosen for CD, because it satisfies what the average human being can actually hear, so it makes sense to utilise the increased headroom afforded by 24/48 and 'chopping off' the redundant unused upper bits above 16 to produce a final product that uses as much of the information available without clipping. Sony did this for years with their 'Super Bit Mapping' of 20 bit recordings. Above 48K sampling frequency, there's quite a lot of measurable audio 'junk' which can impinge on audible frequencies, so is best filtered off, or simply not recorded, in the first place, which produces a cleaner perceived sound within the humanly audible frequency spectrum.

[@MikeSpexTV]

Thx fr sharing Colt!

[@nineeast8730]

This video is so necessary . Thanks man.

[@EdwinDekker71]

Been using 48 24 for years but I use oversampling for channel strip emulations and saturation / distortiin etc if possible to reduce aliassing.

[@prodbylantana]

I am a simple man, Colt uploads, I watch, I learn.

[@ColtCapperrune]

I appreciate you!

[@airplay6475]

Me too, but I also read other opinions, compare them, think about it, get deeper in the stuff and then I descide what I´ll do with this information.

[@judenihal]

I am a complex man, I never use copy paste comments like this.

[@arinin77]

Great informative content! Thanks.

[@HandsUpDK]

How do you go about using samples that are 44.1khz (which most samples are) in your projects. If youre running your project at say 48khz the computer will need to upscale all 44.1 samples to 48 and bring loads of artefacts.

[@Rhekluse]

Something to think about: If you switch from 44.1k to 96k your plugins will use 4x as much CPU. Also, the higher the sample, the higher the Nyquist Limit. Meaning there is more resolution before signals bounce back into themselves and create Aliasing.

[@jesseeatsbrains]

Someone’s up on their Dan Worrall 😉

[@GCKelloch]

Why 4x if it's only ~2x the rate? Also, most plugins oversample anyway. When I first switched over to 96k from 48k, my CPU hit was ~50% more with the same plugins.

[@DavidAndrewsPEC]

You got the the Nyqvist issue before I even got here. But yeh ...

[@MikeVlcek]

That's not entirely true. Most plugins today use upsampling to avoid aliasing, therefore working in 96K many times make the plugins less CPU intensive as the upsampling becomes redundant.

[@GCKelloch]

This Dan Worrall video "Samplerates: the higher the better, right?" is worth a watch for sure, but 2x the SR = 2x CPU. Sure, you can get audible aliasing at 96k if you have strong harmonics above Nyquist, but very few acoustic sounds have significant info up there, and any good saturation plugin (like Fab Filter Saturn) has internal OS and filtering. Not saying it's necessarily better to record at 96k, but there is much less likely to be any audible aliasing and the smoother LP filtering won't produce intermodulation in the audible range. The reason 48k sounds slightly more "edgy" is likely due to the intermodulation distortion. By all means, save the CPU if you don't mind that effect. It is very subtle. However, larger bit words don't use significantly more CPU, and won't generally task disks more due to the packet size streams. Yes, 16bit final recordings may sound nearly identical to the human ear, but that's because the entire 16bits is used. You'll want to leave at least 2 bits headroom when recording in most cases. Digital recording systems went to 20bits in the early 90s to eliminate low level hash in quiet sections. Low to upper midrange waves do exhibit some intermodulation distortion below -65dBfs in 16bit recordings. That may be audible in low level passages, and may be partially why hipsters find CDs "harsh". It doesn't happen until well below -100dBfs in 24bit recordings. I'll stick to recording at 32bitFL for that reason, and to ensure no digital overs during rendering.

[@donniehill5688]

Thanks Colt, Great way of breaking it down. I was using 44.1K up until last year. Then I had talked to one of my friends who mixes for television mostly orchestral Music.he also said switch to 48K -24 Bit.. Been happy ever since

[@donaldputout519]

thanks for that so clear and easy to understand explanations

[@hansgrayman4809]

My computer starts smoking when I try to record stuff in 48k. And my Pappi says if 44.1 was good enough for him, it's good enough for me.

[@Emily_M81]

A lot to think about, and weird that this video came across for me right after I finally switched from 44.1kHz to 88.2kHz lol. When I first started learning all this, I read a lot of "use 44.1kHz because CDs, and dithering down to 44.1 from 48 or 96 is wonky/noisy)" and just kinda stuck with it since. But I finally told myself "this isn't a thing anymore!" I did take in what all you said, and so for most of my stuff being in a metal arena I'll go for 48kHz and save 88.2/96kHz for when I pretend I'm a composer (lol...). I have always used 24-bit, at least. thanks for sharing!

[@joesmith4443]

Yep that’s why “high res” even though it’s a marketing term 24 bit SHOULD be the standard. The truncation of bits from 24 to 16 with adding dithering white noise is pointless in todays worlds. The difference between 16 to 24 bit is only about 200 mb. There’s no reason why the consumer can’t have the “master copy” not to mention the 24 bit is better from them to process third party dsps in playback much like processings plugins when mixing and mastering I have re-recorded 24 bit to 16 bit mixes on ADC and it’s fine with no added noise and it’s sounds better than the truncated 16 bit version as well but there’s no point for it in this day in age. I don’t like the use dithering and truncating the bits as well.

[@hankfowler8194]

Great explanation. !

[@SouthernEmperor]

Thanks Colt!!!! A great video!!!!

[@jason_andropolis]

I actually recently switched to 48k/24bit! Glad I made the right choice. A lot of clients have been requesting that so I just stay in that now.

[@gwsound]

48k gives you just a smoother filter in the ad conversion. This filter and its settings (differ per sample rate) is what gives the sound difference in your ad converter when switching between the sample rates.

[@mwdiers]

Exactly. And that will vary substantially from DAC to DAC. Particularly cheaper DACs running at 96Khz which fail to filter high harmonics.

[@Jason75913]

​@@mwdiers I think he's talking about recording, not playback

[@mwdiers]

@@Jason75913 So was I. Filtering is only done in the AD phase (i.e., recording), to exclude frequencies above Nyquist.

[@spoon1310]

Watching in the Bahamas. Cool video

[@RollRollunio]

So True what you saing. I like your video's,they giving me true proof for what i'm doing 🙂🙂 Regards

[@bouldersoundguy]

I'm curious how you determined that it was sample rate in general rather than something about your specific converters that caused the differences you heard.

[@seanguaraldi2787]

Depending on what I'm recording, I use 88.2 pretty often. 48 is my demoing go to.

[@lightfoot413]

Thanks Colt.my entire music library I have edited and remastered for years to compile and its all in 44k. I guess from here on I will be using 48..Thanks for a gr8 presentation and information...

[@BlackDiamondYoutub]

Don't just blindly follow advice. You'll just be using more CPU for nothing if you're not dealing with aliasing in your mixes. There is no 'higher quality' to higher samplerates, only higher frequencies.

[@jgooch99]

Great video. Thanks for sharing. If you used a split snake, 16 Channel XLR TRS Combo Splitter Snake Cable - 15'and 30' XLR trunks, and two separate rigs you could record the same performance at different sample rates.

[@jj4l]

Then we can blind test results

[@toastbrot97]

Well, the benefit of high resolution audio is the same as high framrate video. If you wanna alter the speed of the audio you have more headroom before it starts sounding distorted. 48khz leaves you with around a 20% wiggle room in time stretching the signal. 96khz gives you over 50%. So if you're planing on doing some heavy retiming or speed alterations, record in a higher resolution. It's as simple as that.

[@bitman6043]

what if I record in 192khz but run signal through plugins? does it deteriorate quality?

[@toastbrot97]

@@bitman6043 It probably depends on the internal processing resolution of the plugins. Some process sample at 48khz while others sample at much higher resolutions. Some plugins even allow you do oversample internally.

[@bitman6043]

@@toastbrot97 so basically what I thought - you have pick and research every plugin if you want non 44.1/48khz

[@qwerty_uiopas_dfgh]

Exactly. A lot of people thinks that more is better but it only defines how high is the frequency you can record.

[@DOGOID]

This is a real world benefit right here. Sound manipulation , just like graphical image manipulation is best using a higher quality source as poissible to prevent artifacts.

[@joshuabutlermusic]

I track everything in 96khz 32 bit. I have the Apple silicon and latency has not really been an issue for me since I’ve made the switch. I can honestly say if I had to switch back to 24bit 48 kHz tomorrow it wouldn’t bother me to much. Great video man. 👍🏻

[@sorenrichenberg3313]

Hey there, 96k inherently has less latency than 48k. Juliane Krause' videos do a great job of demonstrating measurements for different sample rates and buffer sizes. Switching from 48k to 96k requires more bandwidth, so the threshold where an audio signal will start clicking or dropping out will decrease. Latency improves because audio is being sampled faster.

[@analogkid4557]

Yeah man, I say record the highest possible and worry about conversion later. You never know when you need extra bit rate and sampling.

[@relaxmax6808]

I'm interested to know which interface allows you to track in 32 bits. I currently know 2 of them.

[@jasperdany]

Your 10 min videos have become part of my daily reading. Thx for your efforts Colt :)

[@MrBassyk]

Thanks for your take as always, Colt. Just to be clear on your last point, do you record and deliver at 96k for those orchestral / acoustic performances? Also what to do when an artist recorded at 44.1 but you have to deliver an immersive mix or music video mix for DVD? Just upsample? I'd hate to do it, but not sure what else can be done. Thanks!

[@jeffrosen2010]

Great video, but Resolution is a terrible way to describe sample rate. That gives the image that sound waves are like pixels and more pixels gives a clearer image. When a speaker (which is obviously always analog) recreates a digital signal is does not physically move any differently along it’s path at higher sample rates. There are differences in using higher and lower sample rates but those perceived changes are the result of other processes. Mostly fold back distortion, low pass filtering, and clocking issues. These differences are getting smaller with newer technology as well.

[@HunterShawMusic]

Not mentioned here or in the comment: non-linear processing (compression, saturation) without upsampling have serious aliasing artifacts at lower sample rates. Many waves plugins have this problem. Worth it to at least mix at 96k unless all your plugins have internal upsampling.

[@JuanErnestoRivera]

Good material thanks bro

[@mayzter8765]

The best channel on youtube when it comes to Mixing.

[@seanms35]

Nearly every recording we do in Hollywood is done at 96kHz minimum. Then we do any and all time stretching or alignment. Then it’s usually downsampled to 48kHz when being handed off to mixing. Mastering is then done either at 48kHz or 96kHz (upsampled). I’ve personally heard the same 48kHz mix going thru the exact same master chain and converters at 48k and 96kHz, and the higher resolution was then downsampled back to 48kHz. I was very surprised that there was a very audible difference between them. The 96kHz was the clear winner. I wish they had also shown me a 192kHz downsampled master. My curiosity is killing me. 😂

[@SeanGonzalezMDHEXT]

This really doesn't make any sense... There shouldn't be any audible differences in the audio. The only way there would be is if harmonics generated by something in the FX chain led to aliasing, but you'd need to actively avoid oversampling options in your plugins and push them hard. I'd be curious to know what mix you were listening to where the difference was that obvious and just how high a frequency you can hear because you'd need superhuman hearing to hear a difference. (Human hearing tops out at around 20kHz and anything recorded in 96kHz has frequency content up to 48kHz, well above the audible range.)

[@NathanMell]

Dan Worrall from FabFilter has a fantastic video on this as well. “If the song is good and the mix is good, no one will care about a bit of aliasing.”

[@m.j.hoodmusic8789]

That quote is gold.

[@vinniedixiemusic]

he's the best!

[@TiqueO6]

If the orchestra is great and the soundstage is great and the composer is great they are really gonna care about even a little bit of aliasing,

[@TiqueO6]

Same goes for anything that’s not so “dense” that you can’t discern the aliasing. Like he says in the clip more intimate music and what I consider more natural music like Bluegrass he samples higher, for good reasons.

[@jasoncruizer]

Joy Division, one of the greatest bands ever, the songs are riddled with everything wrong about mixing, producing, playing, composing and mastering. But the music is kickass !!! and the vibe of there back catalogue is sincere, gritty and real.

[@linus_drummer]

Loved this video, pure audio education gold! Keep up the amazing work ✌️

[@tutubeos]

It makes sense. Thanks

[@callbackdons]

Cool video. Awkwardly timed, though, as my most recent project was tracked in 48k and I pretty well figured I'd stick with that going forward. But I never realized DVD set a new standard. Interesting, and good to know! A question I've always wondered, isn't Dire Straits - Brothers in Arms the first major album to have been tracked directly to digital? How would a modern, hybrid home studio using relatively cheap outboard gear--think pres and compressors--compare to the top-end digital elements Dire Straits was playing into in 1984? Does almost 40 years of innovation bring the price point down enough that, basically, the room is the only meaningful difference? ..although I guess access to 150k worth of mics is probably a game changer, too. haha (For anyone who answers the question, please note I'm asking specifically about the comparability of the digital capture chain, all else being equal. Although I'm definitely interested in all opinions.)

[@andsoitis2010]

Interesting question about the Brothers In Arms album, and how a modern, hybrid home studio would compare to it. Maybe @producelikeapro could make a video on this, Warren?

[@youngaliens862]

Great info Colt...Thanks for sharing...Honestly, I record/mix at 48/24 but never really understood why...Now I do.

[@officialWWM]

Me too. I use 48 because it’s higher, so that’s gotta be better. Right? 😂

[@4lanimoyo553]

@@officialWWM literally the thinking here

[@QFXmusic]

Great Video and 48k is at the Atmos standard at the min also

[@rossianlardner3291]

cool info Colt..Cheers

[@jmcombs8]

I would like to know more about the 16, 24, and 32 bit, but I definitely understand the sample rate. Thank You for your time!!

[@joed3483]

The human perception of Sample rates above 44k is probably mostly imagined or placebo. What these higher sample rates really do is move nyquist very far out so some EQs and plugins that would normally cramp or unpleasantly distort (especially non oversampling plugins that have a steep high frequency boost or cut) will no longer cramp or distort any where close to the frequency ranges we can perceive. Unless we all start to develop mutant hearing or you are doing some really crazy $hit there is no reason to use 96k sample rates. The size of the files and burden of working with them doesn’t make them worth the struggle. At 24 bits you get 16,777,216 steps to represent something like 144db of dynamic range. You are lucky to get 119db of dynamic range into the A/D of most interfaces. 96 db of range is pretty typical. Also, most modern music has the shizzle compressed out of it and it winds up with almost no dynamic range. Opening most mastered songs in a wave editor will display the post loudness war modern music WAV log shape. You can probably fit that level of dynamic range in 12 bit.

[@smpmusiclinksstudio2769]

Interesting

[@madness13039]

As an audiominded EE, thank you for the boner

[@TachyBunker]

No, i like slowing down things a lot, and recording with higher sample rates makes it sounds better.

[@Jason75913]

I always figured any benefits of any sample rates greater than 44.1k has to do with plugin processing. I always go 48kHz. Now, as far as I know, higher sample rates on playback should be subtly audible. Completely unimportant, but subtle because, correct me if I'm wrong, the DACs in our gear have some of their work cut out for them in smoothing out those samples into continuous analogue signals. All DACs also oversample (4x-8x) for a smoother sound, but higher sample rates reduces their oversampling rates, and less oversampling will reduce how much the DACs impart their own sonic character on the sound, too. Splitting hairs here, though, you need high-end monitors to hear the subtle difference, it does come out in a recording when you've got Burr Brown DACs versus the ubiquitous AKM DACs for playback, but very subtle and requires high-end headphones or speakers to even hear clearly. I think I remember reading a long time ago that DAC performance improves with higher playbck sample rates, but this is for nerdy electrical measurement stuff that no one cares about, lol.

[@piotrbedlinski1613]

Can You imagine that everyone knows 12bit is more than enough and 60db of SNR is all they need in listening? Whole industry will struggle due to lack of selling new "high-res" stuff. 32-bit 1Ghz sample rate on the way.

[@AlvaroMRocha]

The only difference between 44.1k and 48k is that that the later has content above 22.05khz (up to 24k), below 22.05khz the content will be and sound absolutely identical! Any difference is not rate related, you either have aliasing going on or analog converting issues.

[@Magnus_Loov]

Or "The number 48 is greater than the number 44.1" issues...😀. I didn't here one single reason for why 48 would better than 44.1 besides "CD:s have been used as a format for so many years". And people just seems to buy this here left and right! Because more is always better...

[@mgmthegrand]

@@Magnus_Loov My thoughts exactly! Other than the fact that clients started requesting it, I see no reason to go above 44.1 if you're not working video material. Bit depth, on the other hand. makes sense to increase. I have mine set at 32 bit float for the unlimited headroom, but export the master at the usual 16. What I'm not sure about is if I should rather be exporting at 24 bit...🤔

[@pureventrue2357]

Also gonna chime in with the rest who feel this was a bit disingenuous. Even among engineers, double blind tests have shown us that we can't consistently & reliably tell a difference between 44.1 & 96-192. Unless your final intended destination is DVD/Blu Ray, there's no reason to go against the established standard of mastering to 44.1 16 bit. Switching between sample rates that aren't perfectly divisable introduces aliasing from rounding errors for one thing, and what about music that gets a digital only release? Plenty of us still have CDs in our cars. Have you forgotten what happens if you don't dither to 16 bit? I've bought stuff from bandcamp that's been at 24 bit that I want to put on my phone, I really don't want to run it through my own software & dither it myself first. Also have to pick on his testing method. ANY time you record & compare between different performances, you invalidate your test. No matter how good & consistent your musician may be, there are ALWAYS going to be differences that influence the sound. The only accurate way of doing a sample rate comparison would be to split the signal & send it to 2 different machines. If he's as experienced as he claims, this whole video is really disappointing. Only going to unnecessarily confuse & complicate things for newcomers. I'm sorry dude, I've enjoyed other videos of yours but you should know better. Oh and "we have more than enough CPU power & hard drive space these days" is not a reasonable argument. Just because you can, doesn't mean you should.

[@Bthelick]

its not that simple it entirely depends on the filtering methods in the converters / software. But yes your correct be it issues at low samples rates with or conversion back from higher rates there is always a compromise.

[@DaleBoyce2012]

The idea of 22.05khz audio content is theoretical. Think about it for a moment. That scenario would have only one bit for the peak and one for the trough of each wave. Essentially reducing the input to a square wave. But even worse is that filtration and dithering are a necessary part of the A/D conversion and these cause foldback artifacts well below the input frequency. These artifacts are now living in the audible spectrum (most people can't actually hear 22khz). The best argument for 48k is pushing these foldback artifacts up out of the audible spectrum.

[@CreativeSauce]

I love your work man, would love a collab at some time :)

[@brightayo682]

Thank you so much sir ..sir I want to ask a question sir .can I use 48k and 512.. when recording on my cubase

[@inspyremusicnl5826]

Nice video. How about the debate that downsampling brings in another object of unpredictability to your project? I get it that if u are working for clients that u want to give them the 48k for the sake of future proofing. But lets say u mix and master your own stuff and use 48khz in the project and in the end spotify samples it down for you to 44khz or even your downsampled MP3 sounds really diffrent then what you where listening to in the DAW. For that reason after experimenting along the years I gravitate more towards using 44khz especially when there is no analog gear in the (mastering) chain. I feel like this takes away any sudden “suprises” at the end stage when downsampling taking in to consideration that most people will hear that downsampled version.

[@CyrilleBoucanogh]

don't worry about sample rates. Use good converters. Modern algorythms use better filtering, so there's no loss in quality. Especially in the hearable range of spectrum.

[@noelfletcher1149]

don't mix up bitrate and bit depth Colt! Bitrate is measured in kbps or mbps

[@weschilton]

Pretty typical for a youtuber to think audio and video are the same thing. Ugh.

[@ThisMichaelBrown]

Hey Colt, always great stuff to learn here...I wonder why JJ Puig does not like 48?....i'm sticking with 48 for the time being....I tried one at 96 but ran into hassles somewhere along the line....not as user friendly for the time being?....thanks again! BTW, your advice on where to roll off bass and kick low end has been amazing.

[@kapalutheproducer20]

thank you. Proud of you sir.

[@ProdDJD]

It seems everyone has forgotten two things about the sample rate of music: if you record or synthesize frequencies higher than the cutoff, aliasing is highly likely to occur, which basically means they start bouncing back in (seemingly random) areas in the audible frequency spectrum. Even if there was little to no aliasing occuring, you don't have to be able to physically hear past 20KHz to hear the effects of the frequencies past that range. Certain frequencies can cancel out or amplify other frequencies, even modulate other frequencies, many of which could be potentially audible. This is most applicable when using speakers and not headphones, because the frequencies travel through an open medium where frequencies can physically clash or cancel out in space. It's important to note that I don't think these various effects happen digitally, so these things will be experienced to a minimum through headphones with little to no medium to travel through except your ear canal and head/skull. When you play the same track out loud in the open, the issues could potentially reveal themselves. This is why I personally believe it would be *best* to export using the highest sample rate to avoid aliasing and other artifacts from "lost" frequencies, however, I too use 48kHz because other sample rates can increase CPU usage or even the chance of incompatibility or having to convert to 44.1kHz/48kHz (takes a while). The differences usually won't be too noticeable anyway. Correct me if I'm wrong, as I'm not extremely experienced with audio, but I take in a lot of info and run a lot of tests to prove my theories, and I've seen, with a spectrum analyzer with my own two eyes, serious aliasing from producing frequencies higher than 20KHz on 48KHz sample rate. I can't confirm the second theory but I am pretty sure anyone can agree based on the reasoning. This was a reply to another comment, so I'll add context: The cutoff of frequencies audible is dependent upon the sample rate. 44.1kHz - reproduces up to 22.05kHz frequencies in the exported audio file 48kHz - reproduces up to 24kHz frequencies in the exported audio file Filtering is used to cutoff the remaining frequencies nearing this limit. The higher the sample rate, the smoother this filtering can be (so less artifacts occur)

[@tedbahas]

The good news is that the converters actually sample at a very high resolution both in bit depth and SR. This means that the info is captured and decimated to the target output rate. So difference between rates is not super significant.

[@isettech]

I only record at native CD rates when only directly producing to a CD. Everything else is higher bit rates. Edit, In regards to bit depth, remember when recording there is headroom. For every 6DB, there is one bit of resolution. So if you record with 18DB of headroom, by recording at -18dbFS, the upper 3 bits are never used, just there if something peaks you don't want clipped. This makes a 16 bit recording use only 13 bits. However, if you master at 24 bits, now you are working with an effective 21 bit recording, When you normalize the recording for a 16 bit CD, you have 16 bit depth on the CD, not 13. It is in the math of binary. This is a purely technical discussion, and does not address the "Sound or Feel" This is about accuracy and signal to noise. To stuff your pipe on 16 bit the renoun Neuman microphones of many thousands of dollars have much less dynamics than a 16 bit recording. I know the microphone is not digital so sue me. They do have a Signal to Noise ratio. The signal to noise ratio is 80 dB for the U 87 Ai. The signal to noise ratio of 16 bit audio is 96 db, which means the microphone noise floor can be accurately recorded in 16 bit audio.

[@pocket1684]

as a working studio musician. 95% of the studios I've worked at including sunset sound, capitol, universal, resonate.. use 48k 24 bit w few exceptions 88.1 or 192. I can't tell you why. However, when it comes to art. The STROKES 1st album was tracked on a digi 001 at 44.1 24bit

[@broklanders4730]

Aside from the fact that he was talking about sampling frequency - you`re correct - it is true. But all that one actually needs to know about 24 bit is, that 24 bit gives you 144(!)dbfs of headroom. Which says pretty much everything. That is _way_ more than _any_ analog noise floor . So essentially the noise floor of even the highest quality outboard gear - be it whatever it may be you're recording - will mask any possible quantization errors by a huge margin, where the quantization errors of 24 bit is effectively at such a low level, that _no one_ will ever be able to hear it - especially considering that there's actual musical signal at a way higher level on top of it. Bottom line: Everything higher than 24 bit is in no way ever of interest for human hearing - even for the best ears that ever existed/will exist. At a typical maximum dynamic range of the program material of say from -2 dbfs (to avoid intersample peaks on the output) down to -50 dbfs - even considering for a moment that there' s absolute no noise floor of the recorded gear - you'll still have way over 60 dbfs headroom, before these quantization errors actually may occur.

[@isettech]

@@broklanders4730 Well put. However the mention of 144db of headroom, is actually dynamic range. Headroom is the difference between signal and 0dbFS. To ship a 24 bit recording for mastering, the headroom is removed, so a -18db recording when normalized, is no longer 24 bit as the recorded depth is less.6 DB per bit, so a 24 bit recording at -18DBFS, only has 21 bits of information. This is the primary reason masters for CD are recorded at higher bit depth, so when the headroom is removed, and gain boosted with compression in mastering, the final product still has some valid data in the lower bits.

[@broklanders4730]

@@isettech - it's a common misbehavior (even falsely requested by mastering engineers) that there's any benefit by delivering the to be mastered track at -18dbfs. you'll be all good if you're just not clipping the individual tracks when bouncing stems or the summary master - and even that won't hurt nowadays, because we're in 32 bit/64 bit systems. so the mastering engineer would only have to normalize the track(s) prior mastering and he'd be good to go without any damage... and if the track(s) are too loud (even if not clipping) - he'd normalize all tracks o his working level anyways, which would be done in just a second.

[@Jason75913]

wow, the legendary U87 only has 80dB of SNR?

[@vspaulding1]

Colt Hope all is well. I Subscribed to you after just hearing your first paragphraph thank you for Posting: Im a beginner at Home studios, but putting one together as we speak. Ive been on Hits in the past with Big Name Stuidos, now that the teck is out there i want to Put down Whats in My Head:) Thanks Again Ill be watching your Channel:)

[@DeltaWhiskeyBravo13579]

24 bit, 48k is my personal default as well. I'm not doing commercial or broadcast sound production or anything of that sort. I'm running the Livestream, and sometimes FOH also, for my Church. Great info on the topic.

[@snippletrap]

The other reason for higher sample rates is that you get fewer aliasing artifacts when using plugins with nonlinear distortion effects.

[@dimitrisgakis9206]

basically that's the only reason, everything else is voodoo placebo

[@ze2like]

That's interesting! Like a tube sim with warmth emulation for example? Now you say it, that's logical !

[@chinmeysway]

Would love to hear/test 44.1 vs 48 at 24bit. Maybe it’s also pretty subtle hair splitting, or even more aggressive sounding to do 44.1…?

[@JanEkbom]

Did you do the test? I'm curious.

[@austinhulme1305]

Dude! Love this video and all the videos and info you're sharing! Thanks for being the go to channel for me and I'm sure for a ton of others. Cheers!!!

[@LaminarSound]

Dang Colt, you didnt spout off any BS samplerate theory that I can smack down. lol well done my friend. Im not sure Im convinced theres an audible difference between 48/96k but I also can't say Ive tested as much as you. By now I pretty much just do everything at 24/96. But i still work on older projects at 44.1 that i started 10 years ago and quite honestly, I think they sound fantastic. Either way, i agree withy you, great video.

[@DarioToledo]

Thanks for your opinion, lately I indeed was wondering if the 44.1k would still make sense, since there's no more CDs to be bound with. But at the same time I was wondering if audio streaming services are still sticking to the 44.1k, which is not so clear to me. But nowadays I'd gladly do everything in 48k at least to avoid samplerate conflicts in Windows that now seems to use 48k as a system standard.

[@analogkid4557]

Yeah, I was thinking the same. But my conclusion was, record at the highest sample rate that you reasonably can. Then you will be covered. But then, you have conversion to worry about. I think aliasing is worse for us than sample rate conversion.

[@vk3fbab]

When the CD standard was developed it was based upon what humans can hear and also what was practical at the time from an electronics perspective. 700MB CDs were huge at the time. 44.1khz allows sounds up to 22khz to be recorded and reconstructed faithfully. 16 bits is plenty of dynamic range for most audio purposes. Most computer hardware was 16 bit capable but 32 bits was not common in early 80s. So for playback 24 bit 48khz is more than ample especially considering the bulk of the audience cannot hear it and listen on Bluetooth or highly compressed audio formats. Higher bit depth will increase quantisation noise and so will require dithering to be removed. Higher sample rates will allow you to sample supersonic (higher than human hearing) signals. The only justification I've heard for higher sample rates is when processing effects to make it easier to filter as aliased signals will be more supersonic requiring filters that are less complicated. That said if you over sample you won't hurt anyone and worst case you will be using more CPU and disk space for diminishing improvements in audio quality.

[@Wylie288]

How its played is irrelevant. Ailising can only be introduced in the mixing stage. Once the final song is exported. It can be converted back down to 44.1khz without a flaw. 44.1khz allows perfect reconstruction of the entire audible range. There are no advantages to playback at 48khz response or even higher.

[@Guitarwizardjoinme]

Note to self.. Never make sample rate discussion videos on youtube. People just can't handle it. LOL

[@Cefshah]

Good video Colt!! 🧡 (I wonder if you or so someone else can recommend one or two sites where I can download/upload high-quality music files.)

[@luv-tsa3692]

Thanks dude 😎

[@HR2635]

48 khz/24bit is more than enough for most genres. I encourage every mix engineer to learn about aliasing, and use oversampling when appropriate (Reaper can do that for you pr. plugin ;-) ), but remember that oversampling does not improve all plugins! Also there are a few places where 96 or higher might be cool...like when doing samples and stuff like that. But for 99% of us 48/24 is the better choice. Oh and sometimes aliasing can sound BETTER than when removing it! og and did I mention that Reaper can oversample pr plugin instance 2,4,8 or 16x ?.. and often that oversampling even sounds better than the build in oversampling that some plugins have .. lol.. I know.. I'm a Reaper fanboy. NB: oversampling on EQ's does rarely give you anything .. so save it for compression, saturation and the like -> stuff that is non-linear

[@danielabilez3619]

Blind test it like Glen did with the 5150 iconic

[@BarryJohns]

Great good job Colt, I could not agree more and the way you delivered this was exceptional!

[@YoureNowOnTV]

Interesting video 😁👍 How were the zoom in and zoom outs done in this video? Was it in camera or in post production?🤔

[@lundsweden]

I've only recently started using 24 bit, 48khz. I've always used 16 bit, 44.1khz, but I thought that was HIFI coming from a Boss BR-8 Portastudio that used compression! I used a cassette 8 track until 2005, now that is grimy! Very noisy with 16khz top end max!

[@avengedsevenfold249]

My question is this, if the highest frequency a human can hear is 20 kHz (which it isn't and closer to 18 or 16 kHz), so why then do you need to have a higher sample rate than 44.1 kHz, which still snapshots more than twice a second for the highest frequencies we can hear?

[@OGSerpa]

I can hear just over 20k prob close to 21,500 or 22k

[@lorenzocelata4107]

When you use processing that generates harmonics (distortion, saturation and to a lesser extent compression), those harmonics technically go past 20khz, although they have a smaller amplitude. If the plugin is not properly written, those harmonics can be "reflected" back down below 20khz (imagine a mirror at 20khz ish) and you can get some weird stuff in the high end. This phenomenon is call aliasing, and oversampling usually attenuates its impact. There is a great video on the Fab Filter youtube channel about this topic if you want to go deeper.

[@lorenzocelata4107]

Also, some people (not me) claim to perceive a difference in transient response at higher sample rate. The idea here is that the very first part of a transient is so quick that if you analyze its frequency spectrum it goes above 20khz, and while we can't perceive a sustained tone at 22khz for example, we might be able to perceive it as a transient. This assumes of course that the whole chain ( from microphone to speakers) is able to reproduce those frequencies.

[@Wylie288]

In playback you don't. The exported audio file can be 44.1. It will make no difference. This is a video about mixing. You want to record at a higher frequency to avoiding ailising.

[@avengedsevenfold249]

​@@lorenzocelata4107 Thanks Lorenzo! that was the missing piece for me but now it makes more sense

[@Shawn_Keys]

Great video!!!! 🤗

[@MichaelM85x]

I was using 44.1 and 24 bit. Going to switch to 48k now thanks great video! I make Psytrance (electronic music) So audio details are very important. Like recording the synths into waveforms.

[@oveesounds]

Those highest sample rates also fit great to recordings for sound design purpose because of the possibilities that it gives to audio stretching.

[@DAMIENrap]

yep! and also goodbye latency!

[@yeahthatkornel]

@@DAMIENrap how?

[@WilliamAugustoProdutor]

In real world… in a blind test, the difference is…

[@v-future1444]

zero

[@metaldemonseanknels]

If you have good ears and a good system you can easily tell the difference. Listen to the clarity and high frequencies especially. The higher the sample rate, the higher the frequency range because of the increased nyquist frequency

[@Morjensful]

Noticeable if using melodyne

[@TakeHit0]

@@metaldemonseanknels no... most dacs will cut off at 20khz and most studio monitors dont go above 20khz.

[@FursAndMasksMusic]

it's all about the digital aliasing that happens especially in saturation plugins that are ubiquitous now. it's very noticeable.

[@jjose100ify]

I run my sessions at 48k 32bit. Love the video!

[@JanEkbom]

Thank you for a really interesting view on this Colt. I read that Bob Katz preferred to record in a samplerate of 88.2 kHz. Have you ever done that? And when you say that you record in 48 kHz 24 bit, does it mean that you go for the same settings from recording to mixing to mastering to release? I'm quite new to this and try to understand because I heard someone say that you alway should record, mix and master at a higer samplerate and then sample down to the release value, whether it's 44.1 or 48.

[@ClifBratcher]

If you're using Lightpipe and need a lot of channels, 48k/44.1k give you eight. 88k/96k fold those channels and only give you four. On the flip-side the higher the sample rate, the lower the possible buffer size and subsequent latency. That's the determining factor for me: if I need extremely short latency, I use 96k. If I need more channels, I use 48k.

[@OrangeMicMusic]

I'm curious, the listening test with 48 vs 96 you did was a double blind test? Also, the debate on 48 vs 44.1 is actually about where the artist thinks his music would end up (Tidal .. DVD etc) not a difference in audio quality. Because, again, a double blind test will tell that is no difference. Fun fact: Metallica The Black Album was mastered from DAT tape 16 Bit/ 44.1 KHz. Sounds awesome even today compared to any production.

[@bear4759]

What about the St. Anger CD? That sounds shit, but the St. Anger DVD sounds so much better

[@philsspace69]

@@bear4759 If the same mastered version used for the CD would have been put on the DVD, it would sound equally shitty.

[@gorojo1]

Outstanding professional tip. Sold me.

[@b00m3rh4nd_sol]

Totally agree on 24/48 as the default. RE 96 some of what you are hearing may be jitter related and demands higher quality clocks. i.e. 48KHz is less demanding on having high quality clock generators.