Complex Interdependence : An Analysis

[@Komal_Sharma]

Thank you mam for the lecture. It was very informative. *The concept of "Concept Interdependence" was first brought to the fore by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye. *It is often seen as the Neoliberal critique of the realist view or explanation of world. *It was a major challenge to fundamental assumptions of traditional and structural realism which focused on military and economic capabilities to explain state behavior. The concept of Complex Interdependence presented an alternative perspective with reference to understanding the global politics. The concept of Interdependence points out important things with reference to International Politics. It points out that states and their fortunes are inextricably tied together. It points out there are various and complex transnational connections and Interdependence between states and societies and they are increasing further. It also point out that use of military power and power balancing are decreasing yet they are in system. Concept of Complex Interdependence also makes us understand that just focus on statism, self help, survival, military apparatus somewhere it is inadequate in attempting to explore the distribution of Power, power dynamics, global governance mechanism within International system. Thank You:)

[@chimerachicken]

Excellent lecture. Complex Interdependence is defined as: “An economic transnational concept that assumes that states are not the only important actors, social welfare. issues share center stage with security issues on the global agenda, and cooperation is a dominant characteristic of international politics as conflict.” The Key Characteristics of Complex Interdependence: - Multiple Channels - Absence of Hierarchy among Issues - Minor Role of Military Force

[@marinadecha9707]

The concept of "Concept Interdependence" was first brought to the fore by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye. - It is often seen as the Neoliberal critique of the realist view or explanation of world. The concept of Complex Interdependence presented an alternative perspective with reference to understanding the global politics. The concept of Interdependence points out important things with reference to International Politics. It points out that states and their fortunes are inextricably tied together. It points out there are various and complex transnational connections and Interdependence between states and societies and they are increasing further. It also point out that use of military power and power balancing are decreasing yet they are in system. Concept of Complex Interdependence also makes us understand that just focus on statism, self help, survival, military apparatus somewhere it is inadequate in attempting to explore the distribution of Power, power dynamics, global governance mechanism within International system. THANK YOU

[@shubhangikumari7953]

Thank you ma'am for such an informative lecture it really helps me a lot 1)Complex Interdependence is defined as: "An economic transnationalist concept that assumes that states are not the only important actors, social welfare issues share center stage with security issues on the global agenda, and cooperation is as dominant a characteristic of international politics as conflict." 2)The concept of complex interdependence was developed by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye in late 1970s. 3) It wa sthe major challenge to the fundamental assumptions of traditional and structural realism which focused on military and economic capabilities to explain state behavior . 4) Complex interdependence on contrary highlights the emergence of transnational actors vis-a-vis the state. 5) lt became a central components of the neoliberal perspective and had been widely used in analyses of international politics making an attempt to understand willingness of states to enter into cooperative alliances with one another under condition of anarchy and dependence.

[@muskanmudgil5773]

Thankyou mam for such a great explanation, it was worth it. The concept of complex interdependence was introduced by Robert keohane and Joseph nye in 1970s. It focuses on the emerging international political issues which should be solved at global level. The concept entails the relationship between States are becoming increasingly deep and complex . Which also leads to the increasing role of non state actors.

[@OffffBeat]

The concept of complex interdependence was developed by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye in late 1970s. It wa the major challenge to the fundamental assumptions of traditional and structural realism which focused on military and economic capabilities to explain state behavior . Complex interdependence on contrary highlights the emergence of transnational actors vis-a-vis the state.It became a central components of the neoliberal perspective and had been widely used in analyses of international politics making an attempt to understand willingness of states to enter into cooperative alliances with one another under condition of anarchy and dependence. It is a combination of two opposite views ,that is , it integrates both the elements of power politics and economic liberalism . It takes into consideration both the cost and benefits of interdependence relationship.

[@nrreflections]

The post-Cold War world underwent great transformation. There was realization among the developed countries that the criteria for achieving real power is no more the sophisticated weapons and large military establishments alone, rather it required a secure foundation through economic efficiency and technological advancement. Complex interdependence is a concept put forth by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye in the 1970s to describe the emerging nature of the global political economy. Complex Interdependence on the contrary highlighted the emergence of transnational actors vis-à-vis the state. Complex Interdependence actually became a central component of the neoliberal perspective and has been widely used in the analyses of international politics making an attempt to understand willingness of states to enter into cooperative alliances with one another under conditions of anarchy and dependence. Theory of Complex Interdependence : According to Robert O Keohane and Joseph S. Nye; Dependence means a state of being determined or significantly affected by external forces. Interdependence ,most simply defined, means mutual dependence. Interdependence in world politics refers to situations characterized by reciprocal effects among countries or among actors in different countries. Complex interdependence is characterized by three characteristics : * Use of multiple channels of action between societies in interstate, trans-governmental, and transnational relations, * Absence of a hierarchy of issues with changing agendas * Decline in military force and coercive power in international relations. SIGNIFICANCE: With the analytical construct of complex interdependence in their critique of political realism, Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye explore how international politics forever changed due to the emerging complex interactions and interdependence among states. # The Realist vs. Neoliberal Debate : Realism is regarded as the most influential and dominant theory in International Relations since Second World War. On the other hand, structural realists, also called neo-realists, contend that actors seek power not driven by their innate drive for power, but due to the structure of the system. They emphasize the anarchic nature of international system, where states have to rely on self-help to ensure their survival. * The realists emphasize the conflictual aspects of international transactions, that is they focus on the causes of war rather than international cooperation * Waltz believes that this anarchy is likely to continue because each state is concerned about the perseverance of its autonomy. As in classical realism, balance of power is a core principle of neorealism . Thus, A comparative analysis demonstrates that in the politics of Complex Interdependence, the role of military poweras a bargaining chip always remains relevant and significant. Thank you ma'am for such an informative lecture:)

[@snehapannu7873]

Thank you so much mam for such an amazing lecture ✅Neo-Neo debate is about the debate b/w neo realism and neo liberalism . ✅Realism is regarded as one of the most influential and dominant theory since second world war. ✔It is one of the imp debate with reference to IR ✅Neo realism and neo liberalism share many assumptions about actors ,values,issues,power arrangements in international relation theories ✅Waltz criticized that realism as espoused by Hans morgenthau did not constitute a theory ✅Neo realism -scientific framework ✅certain similarities Both realism and neo liberalism are:- ◻Positivist inquiries ◻State as a rational actor ◻Critique-kratochwile -positiveness in methodology at the expense of substantative advancements. ◽Neo synthesis - phrase used in IR to refer to the convergence of the neorealist and neoliberal school of thought ⬛Acc to neo realists ◽states are the primary and unitary actors in international politics ◽Conflict occurs because of absence of order namely lack of centralising authority i .e anarchy ◽See conflict as paramount ⬛Acc to neo liberals ◽States are imp. but should not be seen as the unique actor in international politics .importance should also be given to non state actors . ◼They trust that prospects for cooperation are constrained by anarchy . ◼Identify prospects for cooperation Its a never ending debate .both realists and lileralists have different views. Once again a thank you so much mam for such a wonderful lecture 👍

[@fumbling_with_fables]

The concept of complex interdependence was first brought to the fore by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye. It is often seen as the neoliberal critique of the realist view or explanation of the world. The concept of complex interdependence presented an alternative perspective with reference to understanding the global politics. It points out important things with reference to international politics; It points out that there are various and complex transnational connections and interdependence between states and society and they are increasing. It points out that use of military power and power balancing are decreasing yet they are important.

[@dikshagupta8934]

thank you mam.......realism is defined by three S that is statism self-help and survival. Realists contend that the state is the dominant actor in world politics and that violence and military force are the fundamental means by which states try to achieve their goals and further their interests. Complex Interdependence= The concept of "complex interdependence" was first brought to the fore by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye * neoliberal critique of the realist view or explanation of the world. Keohane and Nye Recognise that :- * Violence and conflict have not vanished altogether. issues other than security have gained more significance. E.g:- International monetary relations and global environment concerns. Complex interdependence is characterized by three characteristics :- * Use of multiple channels of action between societies in interstate, transgovernmental, and transnational relations, * Absence of a hierarchy of issues with changing agendas * Decline in military force and coercive power in international relations.

[@bhargobeenath2035]

Thank you for the wonderful lecture ma'am. Complex interdependence, developed by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye, is a theory that emphasizes the complex way in which growing ties make transnational actors interdependent, vulnerable to the actions of others, and sensitive to others needs. ∆ Definition : “An economic transnationalist concept that assumes that states are not the only important actors, social welfare issues share center stage with security issues on the global agenda, and cooperation is as dominant a characteristic of international politics as conflict.” (1996) According to Keohane and Nye, interdependence should not be defined solely as a situation of balanced mutual dependence. Key Features of Complex Interdependence : • Multiple Channels. • Lack of Hierarchy Between Issues . • Minor Role of Armed Forces.

[@chetnasingh8422]

The process of globalization has made the nations and peoples of the world increasingly interdependent in many ways. This interdependence has economic, environmental and social dimensions. It is analytically useful to consider these three dimensions separately.

[@prairana7977]

Thank you Ma'am for the informative lecture.... Complex Interdependence was developed by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye. It is a theory which stresses the complex ways in which as a result of growing ties, the transnational actors become mutually dependent, vulnerable to each other's actions and sensitive to each other's needs. According to Keohane and Nye, Interdependence should not be defined entirely as situation of evenly balanced mutual dependence. Key characteristics of complex Interdependence - •Multiple channels •Absence of hierarchy among issues •Minor role of military force

[@aashidhawan]

Complex interdependence in international relations and international political economy is a concept put forth by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye in the 1970s to describe the emerging nature of the global political economy. The concept entails that relations between states are becoming increasingly deep and complex. These increasingly complex webs of economic interdependence undermine state power and elevate the influence of transnational non-state actors. These complex relationships can be explored through both the liberal and realism lenses and can later explain the debate of power from complex interdependence. From the analysis, complex interdependence is characterized by three characteristics, involving 1. The use of multiple channels of action between societies in interstate, transgovernmental, and transnational relations, 2. The absence of a hierarchy of issues with changing agendas and linkages between issues prioritized, and 3. The objective of bringing about a decline in military force and coercive power in international relations. Thus, Keohane and Nye argue that the decline of military force as a policy tool and the increase in economic and other forms of interdependence should increase the probability of cooperation among states. Thank you ma'am for this wonderful lecture.

[@estherh.m8150]

Thank you ma'am for the lecture. Complex interdependence in international relations is the idea put forth by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye that states and their fortunes are inextricably tied together.These complex relationships can be explored through both the liberal and realism lenses and can later explain the debate of power from complex interdependence. From the analysis, complex interdependence is characterized by three characteristics, involving The use of multiple channels of action between societies in interstate, transgovernmental, and transnational relations, The absence of a hierarchy of issues with changing agendas and linkages between issues prioritized, and The objective of bringing about a decline in military force and coercive power in international relations.

[@himanshisingh1911]

Thnq ma'am for the information. Complex interdependence and analysis in international relation - international relation has been defined by wars and explained by the state which is main unit of international relations. Statism is a ideology with reference to political and theoretical. Realism defines by statism ,survival,.it is dominant actor.global politics changes acc.to time.complex interdependence points out politics and there are various interdependence between state and society ,power of balancing is decreasing.

[@komalmishra6407]

Why is this concept significant ? With the analytical construct of complex Interdependence in their critique of political realism , Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye explore how International politics forever changed due of the emerging complex interactions and interdependence among states.

[@Saloni-wm7yh]

Thanku so much ma'am for this informative lecture. It help me to understand complex interdependence. Complex interdependence in IR and international political economy is a concept put forth by Robert keohane and Joseph Nye in the 1970s to describe the emerging nature of global political economy. The concept entails that relationship between state are becoming increasingly deep and complex. These increasingly complex webs of economic interdependence undermine state Power and elevate the influence of transnational non - state actor. These complex relationship can be explored through both the liberal and realism lenses and can later explain the debate of power from complex interdependence.

[@nupursoni1949]

Concept of complex interdependence :- The model of complex interdependence was developed by Robert O keohane and joseph S. Nye in the late 1970s to describe the emerging nature of global political economy. The concept entails that relations between the states are becoming deep and complex.this undermines the state power and elevate the influence of transational non state actors. Complex interdependence is defined as "an economic transationalist concept that assumes that states are not the only important actors, social welfare issues and the security issues on the global agenda, and cooperation is also a dominant characteristic. Thankyou!

[@tiwipratiwi5194]

Thanks, you made things easier to understand. What a structured and systematic way to explain!

[@vaishnavi4147]

First of all we would like to thank you Ma'am for explaining this topic in simplest way..Taking about complex interdependence ..We all have come to know about the importance of interdependence in International Relations..There is emerging international political issues also which should be solved at the global level. *..Not only hard power can be the important factor for domination...it's also about soft power ..for eg- Cultural globalisation, economic globalisation and so on..Thank you so much Ma'am🌸

[@ashikamimroth1402]

Thank you so much ma'am for this lecture. States are rational actors in IR *First world War *World War II (1939-1945) End of the cold War in the early 1990s,

[@bhoomiyadav9055]

Concept of complex interdependence in IR theory by Robert Johan and Joseph Nye :- States are tge rational actors in IR. Realists contend that the state is the dominant actor in the world politics and that violence and military force are the fundamental means by which states try to achieve their goals . This theory focusses on the complex ways in growing ties , transnational actors became mutually dependent , vulnerable to each other's actions and more sensitive to each other's need . These complex relationship can be explored through both the ways liberal and realism . This view integrates both the power politics and economic liberalism .

[@thedixita]

Thank you so much mam [ ] Complex interdependence -: • Introduced by Robert keohane and Joseph Nye • Defined by globalization • Rise of global apparatus to regulate global trade and finance . • Role of world bank , IMF and WTO press further presence of non-state actors. • Due to globalization, International relations became multi-dimensional relations. • Complex interdependence is consider one as one of the neo- liberal critique of the realist view. • It points out that there are various and complex transnational connections and interdependencies b/w states and societies. • Also in terms of ecological aspects , we see that how nations need to act with collective solidarity. • In security terms, health security has emerged as a very important dimension of international security. • The mechanism of warfare has also taken a new turn i.e. cyber attack [ ] Characteristics -: 1. Use of multiple channels of action between societies in interstate transgovernmental and transnational relations. 2. Absence of hierarchy of issues with changing agendas 3. Decline in military force and coercive power in international relations. [ ] Globalization- • Refers to movement and exchange of goods , people and services. • Impact - It has promoted and increased interactions between different regions and people around the globe. • Economic globalization signifies intensification of economic interrelations. • Rise of non-state actors namely International organizations or MNCs Complex interdependence want us to focus on the 3s i.e. statism , self help and survival .

[@sonalisangwan144]

Complex interdependence in international relations and international political economy is a concept put forth by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye in the 1970s to describe the emerging nature of the global political economy. The concept entails that relations between states are becoming increasingly deep and complex. These increasingly complex webs of economic interdependence undermine state power and elevate the influence of transnational non-state actors. These complex relationships can be explored through both the liberal and realism lenses and can later explain the debate of power from complex interdependence.

[@khushboodahiya]

🔺️Theory of Complex Interdependence In the contemporary globalized world, the term ‘interdependence’ is frequently used. It is a situation in the world politics where all the actors including states as well as non-state actors, are dependent upon one another. In general terms, “Dependence means a state of being determined or significantly affected by external forces.Interdependence, most simply defined, means mutual dependence. Interdependence in world politics refers to situations characterized by reciprocal effects among countries or among actors in different countries.”(Keohane& Nye). 🔺️Under this mutual dependence, the relationship between the actors involved, including states as well as other transnational actors, is characterized by both cooperation and competition. In interdependence there are costly reciprocal effects of transaction among the actors. The policies and actions of one actor have profound impact on the policies and actions of the other actors and vice versa. 🔺️Interdependence does not only mean peace and cooperation among actors, but a relationship between actors characterized by cooperation, dependence, and interaction in a number of different areas, and conflict as well. 🔺️Complex Interdependence is a theory which stresses the complex ways in which as a result of growing ties, the transnational actors become mutually dependent, vulnerable to each other’s actions and sensitive to each other’s needs. Complex Interdependence is defined as: “An economic transnationalist concept that assumes that states are not the only important actors, social welfare issues share center stage with security issues on the global agenda, and cooperation is as dominant a characteristic of international politics as conflict.” 🔺️In this system of ‘Interdependence’, states cooperate because it is in their own common interest and direct result . of this cooperation is prosperity and stability in the international system. The transnationalists/neoliberals believe that “states are not motivated solely by national interest defined in terms of power. 🔺️In this system of ‘Interdependence’, states cooperate because it is in their own common interest and direct result of this cooperation is prosperity and stability in the international system. The transnationalists/neoliberals believe that “states are not motivated solely by national interest defined in terms of power. 🔺️. The Key Characteristics of Complex Interdependence 🔺️3.1 Multiple Channels 🔺️3.2 Absence of Hierarchy among Issues 🔺️3.3 Minor Role of Military Force 🔺️The Realist vs. Neoliberal Debate

[@dhritirana4443]

The theory of complex interdependence is defined by Robert kohen and Joseph nye Realists are the dominant actors in world politics and through military force and violence they try to achieve their goals If we talk about changing nature of global politics We see the rising role of imf and world bank ,un and non state actors like NGOs Complex interdependence is considered as the critique of the realist view Complex of interdependence points out the various transactional relations or connections between different states and societies It also points that military power and balance of power are decreasing yet they are important. It is about mutual dependence at global level

[@surbhibhatia2037]

Globalization and Interdependence The process of globalization has made the nations and peoples of the world increasingly interdependent in many ways. This interdependence has economic, environmental and social dimensions. It is analytically useful to consider these three dimensions separately. World-wide, mutual dependence. Perceived as each country depending on, and depended on other countries. Comes from the importing and exporting of goods and services.

[@riya2956]

The model of ‘Complex Interdependence’ was developed by Robert O Keohane and Joseph S. Nye in the late 1970s.It is a theory which stresses the complex ways in which as a result of growing ties, the transnational actors become mutually dependent, vulnerable to each other's actions and sensitive to each other's needs. According to Keohane and Nye, Interdependence should not be defined entirely as situation of evenly balanced mutual dependence. Key characteristics of complex Interdependence - •Multiple channels •Absence of hierarchy among issues •Minor role of military force Concept of Complex Interdependence also makes us understand that just focus on statism, self help, survival, military apparatus somewhere it is inadequate in attempting to explore the distribution of Power, power dynamics, global governance mechanism within International system.

[@karishmamanocha4206]

Wonderful lecture

[@surbhibhatia2037]

THANK you ma'am , its a great video , well explained the topic.

[@surbhibhatia2037]

The concept of “complex interdependence” was first brought to the fore by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye as a neoliberal critique of the realist view or explanation of the world. Complex interdependence is the idea that states and their fortunes are inextricably tied together.

[@dravencarson7494]

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[@emanuelmekhi2458]

@Draven Carson instablaster :)

[@dravencarson7494]

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[@dravencarson7494]

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[@emanuelmekhi2458]

@Draven Carson Happy to help :)

[@Knightmare_chess]

this is so beautifully put together, lucidly explain and is so easy to comprehend , you can watch it like two times and you will completely remember everything. hats off to such an amazing effort

[@aartijatav4073]

Thank you do much ma'am for tha knowledge able video. This was a very usful for video for students👩‍🎓

[@aditiprasad580]

In Power and Interdependence , Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye, Jr define interdependence as reciprocal effects among actors resulting from 'international transactions - flows of money, goods, people and messages across international boundaries'.

[@RaushanKumar-ef2lm]

Nice lectures and its content

[@Shivali-gh2wu]

Concept Interdependence entails that relations between states are becoming increasingly deep and complex. Complex Interdependence in International Relations and International Political Economy is a Concept put forth by Robert keohane and Joseph Nye in the 1970s to describe the emerging nature of the global political economy. These complex relationships can be explored through both the liberal and realism lenses and can later explain the debate of power from complex Interdependence.

[@saaviohri]

Complex Interdependence is defined as: "An economic transnationalist concept that assumes that states are not the only important actors, social welfare. issues share center stage with security issues on the global agenda, and cooperation is as dominant characteristic of international politics as conflict. Complex interdependence is characterized by three characteristics, involving The use of multiple channels of action between societies in interstate, transgovernmental, and transnational relations, The absence of a hierarchy of issues with changing agendas and linkages between issues prioritized, and The objective of bringing about a decline in military force and coercive power in international relations.

[@kajalluksar827]

Complex interdependence - * the concept of "complex interdependence" was first brought to the fore by Robert keohane and Joseph Nye *neoliberal critique of the realist view or explanation of the world.

[@ChanchalaKumari-tz8lb]

The concept of complex interdependence was put forth by Robert keohane and Joseph Nye.It is a theory that emphasises the complex ways in which transnational actors become mutually dependent, vulnerable to each other's actions, and sensitive to each other's needs as a result of expanding links.

[@madhuraikwar543]

The independence complex of a graph is a mathematical object describing the independent sets of the graph. ... Every independent set in a graph is a clique in its complement graph, and vice versa. Therefore, the independence complex of a graph equals the clique complex of its complement graph and vice versa.

[@komalmishra6407]

Important to look into distinction between interdependence and dependence in analysing the role of power in politics and the relations between International actors.

[@dollysingh2241]

Complex Interdependence is defined as: “An economic transnationalist concept that assumes that states are not the only important actors, social welfare. issues share center stage with security issues on the global agenda, and cooperation is as dominant characteristic of international politics as conflict.” complex interdependence is characterized by three characteristics, involving The use of multiple channels of action between societies in interstate, transgovernmental, and transnational relations, The absence of a hierarchy of issues with changing agendas and linkages between issues prioritized, and The objective of bringing about a decline in military force and coercive power in international relations.

[@shrutinegi9517]

Thank you mam for an amazing lecture. Complex interdependence in international relations and international political economy is a concept put forth by Robert Keohane and Joshep Nye in the 1970s to describe the emerging nature of the global political economy.The concept entails that relations between states are becoming increasingly deep and complex. These increasingly complex webs of economic interdependence undermine state power and elevate the influence of transnational non-state actors. The three main characteristics of complex interdependence, namely the existence of multiple channels which connect societies, the absence of hierarchy of issues and the minor role of military force.

[@kumariarchana3272]

Thanks ma'am for the lecture 🙏🏻 Complex interdependence in international relations and international political economy is a concept put forth by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye in the 1970s to describe the emerging nature of the global political economy. The concept entails that relations between states are becoming increasingly deep and complex. These increasingly complex webs of economic interdependence undermine state power and elevate the influence of transnational non-state actors. These complex relationships can be explored through both the liberal and realism lenses and can later explain the debate of power from complex interdependence.

[@surbhibhatia2037]

With economic interdependence comes economic growth. This affiliation allows specialist industries to thrive. And, the success can lead to job and wage/salary increases and an overall improvement to wealth and lifestyle. It can be seen that with this reliance, there is less inclination to go to war.

[@bhavnarathor4314]

Thank you so much mam for this wonderful lecture 🙏 अंतरराष्ट्रीय संबंधों में जटिल अन्योन्याश्रय यह विचार रॉबर्ट कियोहेन और जोसेफ नाइ द्वारा सामने रखा गया है जिसमें कहा गया है कि उनकी किस्मत एक साथ बंधी हुई है। इन जटिल संबंधों को उदार और यथार्थवाद लेंस दोनों के माध्यम से खोजा जा सकता है और बाद में जटिल अंतर निर्भरता से शक्ति की बहस को समझा सकता है।

[@ShivaniBharti-bz5ts]

INTERNATIONAL REaLATION IS the study of nation state and non government organization in relied such as political economic Important to look into distinction between interdependence and dependence in analysis the role of power in politics and the relation between international actors Nye and keohane Decline of military force as apolicy tool and the increased in economic and other forms of interdependence should increase the probability of cooperation among states.

[@surbhibhatia2037]

The Dependence of nations on other countries for goods and services led globalization as foster interdependence among countries. Globalization further increases economic dependence on goods and services from other countries.

[@surbhibhatia2037]

All living things depend on their environment to supply them with what they need, including food, water, and shelter. ... Many living things interact with other organisms in their environment. In fact, they may need other organisms in order to survive. This is known as interdependence.

[@surbhibhatia2037]

Interdependence refers to two or more countries that impact and rely on each other, while globalization is the economic, social, and political interaction and integration of people in different areas of the world. Nowadays, most nations are interdependent and related in a globalized world.

[@komalmishra6407]

States are rational actors in IR :- - First world war - World war 2nd ( 1939 - 45 ) - End of the cold war in the early 1990s.

[@shwetaprajapati8520]

International relations is the study of the interaction of nation-states and non-governmental organizations in fields such as politics,economics, and security.

[@komalmishra6407]

Thank you so much ma'am for this lecture video 🙏😊

[@surbhibhatia2037]

Such analyses often measure interdependence by dividing the annual volume of trade between a pair of countries by the annual gross domestic product (GDP) of one state or the other. Frequently it is argued that the ratio of bilateral trade to GDP is a good gauge of both sensitivity and vulnerability interdependence.

[@surbhibhatia2037]

“Mutual dependence at a global level. One country depends on another country for something and that country may depend on another country, which eventually creates global interdependence. Importing and exporting of goods and services highly contributes to global interdependence.”

[@komalmishra6407]

" Complex interdependence " :- - The concept of " complex interdependence " was first brought to the fore by Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye . - neoliberal critique of the realist view or explanation of the world.

[@kanchankanchan887]

Thankyou so much ma'am for this lecture 🙏🏻🙏🏻

[@noorafshasaifi6104]

Today's international relations are complex in the context of every individual's outcome.... Societies aand government , globalisation=Integration.

[@komalmishra6407]

- Post world war 2nd era countries have become increasingly intertwined. - Monumental growth in transnational corporations has blurred State boundaries , - Question on traditional realist assumption about the centrality of state in the international affairs . - Rise of non state actors.

[@komalmishra6407]

Realists contend that the state is the dominant actor in world politics and that violence and military force are the fundamental means by which states try to achieve their goals and further their interests.

[@surbhibhatia2037]

Global interdependence is good because it gives countries advantages for trade, and gives them more equal opportunities. However, it gives America a huge advantage because it increases trade and their political influence in the world.

[@surbhibhatia2037]

Today’s international relations are complex in the context of their outcomes for individual, societies and governments. Globalization = Integration. ).

[@Vidya7082]

Thank you ma'am 🙏🙏

[@shwetaprajapati8520]

Thank you mam

[@ayushanand1098]

Mam if possible then kindly provide pdf.

[@gyanendrakumar1143]

Please provide in Hindi language