CONTROLLER PILOT DATA LINK COMMUNICATION |CPDLC|

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One of the keys to the future air traffic management system lies with the two-way exchange of data, both between aircraft and the ATC system and between ATC systems.
CPDLC is a means of communication between controller and pilot, using data link for ATC communications.
ICAO has developed a communication systems architecture that provides a range of capabilities to suit the needs of ATS providers and their users. Various air-ground communication data links will be integrated through ATN based on an open system interconnection (OSI) architecture. Eventually, the ATN will allow worldwide connectivity and an established quality of service which will provide optimum routing and delivery.
During the transition towards the ICAO CNS/ATM systems, the number of data link applications which require a globally uniform approach and standardization will increase.
The CPDLC application provides air-ground data communication for ATC service. This includes a set of clearance/information/request message elements which correspond to voice phraseology employed by ATC procedures.
The controller is provided with the capability to issue level assignments, crossing constraints, lateral deviations, route changes and clearances, speed assignments, radio frequency assignments, and various requests for information.
The pilot is provided with the capability to respond to messages, to request clearances and information, to report information, and to declare/rescind an emergency. The pilot is, in addition, provided with capability to request conditional clearances (downstream) and information from a downstream ATSU. A "free text" capability is also provided to exchange information not conforming to defined formats. An auxiliary capability is provided to allow a ground system to use data link to forward a CPDLC message to another ground system.
Controllers and pilots will use CPDLC in conjunction with the existing voice communication. It is expected to be used for routine or frequent types of transactions. Although initial implementation is intended to conform to existing procedures, it is anticipated that future evolution of the system and procedures will result in the greater automation of functions for both aircraft and ground systems.
The introduction of CPDLC does not affect the principle that there is only one controlling authority for a given aircraft at a given time. The capability for the pilot to request downstream clearances does not affect this principle.
Sending a message by CPDLC consists of selecting the recipient, selecting the appropriate message from a displayed menu or by other means which allow fast and efficient message selection, and executing the transmission. The received message may be displayed and/or printed. A message sent by a downstream ATSU will be distinguishable from a CPDLC message sent by the current ATS unit.
CPDLC will remedy a number of shortcomings of voice communication, such as voice channel congestion, misunderstanding due to bad voice quality and/or misinterpretation, and corruption of the signal due to simultaneous transmissions.
In the future, it is expected that communications with aircraft will increasingly be by means of digital data link. This will allow more direct and efficient linkages between ground and cockpit systems. At the same time, extensive data exchange between ATC systems will allow efficient and timely dissemination of relevant aircraft data, and will cater for more efficient coordination and hand-over of flights between ATC units. In turn, this will reduce controller and pilot workload and will allow an increase in capacity.
Implementation of CPDLC will significantly change the way pilots and controllers communicate. The effect of CPDLC on operations should be carefully studied before deciding the extent to which voice will be replaced by data link.