Countries That Have Exclaves (& Why Do They Have Them?)

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▶ In this video I take a look at some countries throughout the world that have Exclaves (and sometimes Enclaves) as part of their territory! Finding out what they are and why they have them.
▶ Explanation of what an exclave is and when/how it can also be an enclave: storymaps.arcgis.com/stories/...
▶TIMESTAMPS:
00:00 Intro
00:13 What is an Exclave / Enclave?
01:05 Which we'll be talking about
01:54 Kaliningrad, Russia
02:35 Baarle-Hertog, Netherlands/Belgium
03:44 Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan
04:53 Speakly Sponsorship
05:52 Madha, Oman
06:33 Cabinda, Angola
07:23 Campionne, Italy
08:49 Llivia, Spain
09:39 Alaska, United States
10:53 Summary
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[@General.Knowledge]

*Are there any other cool exclaves I didn't mention?*

[@RedLogicYT]

Not sure but great video!

[@SergeantArchDornan999]

God Bless the Exclave (The actual line is: "God Bless the Enclave")

[@WitchVillager]

the excalve of germany inside switzerland!

[@firdaus99031]

Ocusse-ambeno, timor leste's exclave

[@franciscoricca8309]

All the exclaves from the -istans in central asia

[@rayobrien1633]

Before they fixed the border, Bangladesh and India had a complicated enclave/exclave problem.

[@ShubhamMishrabro]

Yes the most famous one

[@DanielBParada]

Oh swag I didn’t know they fixed that assumed it was a still thing

[@kote_gamingpl4152]

Yeah, the video about this is on channel ,,Jay Foreman"

[@alexroberts771]

Still quite a few enclaves/exclaves between the two, but at least there's no double or even triple order ones anymore

[@jd69420]

It's still a thing but not as much as it was before

[@morbidsearch]

Fun fact: The Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic is the only region outside of Turkey to recognise Northern Cyprus. Azerbaijan does not recognise it out of fear that Cyprus will recognise Artsakh

[@nihadbabayev8201]

As a person who is from nakhjivan ar i didnt knew that

[@roman5782]

I think even Pakistan recognises that. Please correct me if I am wrong.

[@nihadnsirov2290]

How can a dependent state recognize any other state?

[@5teak1n7he0ven]

@@roman5782 pakistan does not recognise armenia

[@morbidsearch]

@@Fuad_Haciyev57 True, it doesn't actually mean anything from a foreign relations point of view, but it's still something that happened

[@talaltariqq_]

Even in Kazakhstan, there is a Russian enclave in Kazakhstan, which means that Russia has 2 enclaves.

[@tauceti8060]

So Russia got Kazachstan pregnant with his child😁

[@suvatoslabo]

Russia also has (or had) exclaves in Belarus and Estonia

[@Hi-oj3pp]

@@tauceti8060 wtf

[@postironiac]

Russia also has an exclave in Belarus

[@talaltariqq_]

@@postironiac which enclave?

[@benjaminkurilla3943]

Croatia's southernmost region is also an exclave, since Bosnia has a tinybit of seashore over there. To bypass this, the Croats recently built a massive bridge. Also when it comes to exclaves, India and Bangladesh literally had hundreds of those between each other. It took them 40 years but they menaged to settle the issue and exchanged most of them - simplifying their border.

[@erkinalp]

@@H1storyN3rd The best beach of East Mediterranem...

[@nick_vigerfil]

Also Kings Landing in westeros from game of thrones....😛😉😎

[@19Szabolcs91]

Some ideas for a part 2: - Ceuta and Melilla (Spain) - the whole mess between Kyrgizstan, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan - French Guyana (incorporated into France proper, not a colony) - Point Roberts (USA exclave in Canada, resulted in from the treaty setting the border at the 49 parallel)

[@hmoobmeeka]

And the northwest angle in Minnesota

[@thunderbird1921]

Uzbekistan needs talked about 5x more. A country with impressive agricultural power (Top 10 world producer of cotton), but only because the Soviets completely wrecked the natural environment to make it such. If Kyrgyzstan (or perhaps Tajikistan) ever tries to dam the rivers for energy, etc., war would be almost instantaneous since the Uzbeks' are vitally dependent on it for their economy. Central Asia is a mess second only to the Balkans and perhaps the Caucuses region.

[@saguntum-iberian-greekkons7014]

He already did for Ceuta and Melilla in another video

[@cabpenguin.]

Have a look to india bangladesh border There are hundreds of small exclaves But many of them have been exchanged by countries

[@Burgerman_burger]

And brunei

[@woutcristael689]

I found a small mistake Baarle-Hertog is Belgian municipality while Baarle-Nassau is a Dutch municipality. So the Dutch flag had to be a Belgian flag. But I understand it is difficult to know if you don't live in Belgium or in the Nederlands.

[@rogink]

I wouldn't be surprised if most Dutch and Belgians get them muddled up! From memory the shop part of the Albert Heijn is in Netherlands and the car park in Belgium. Or is the other way around?!

[@miwes9978]

Technically it doesn't really matter. It is not a mistake, because there are in this case Dutch exclaves too. Yes the majority of the exclaves is Belgian, but inside these exclaves there are Dutch exclaves aswell. There is also an exclave which is within the municipality of Baarle-Nassau but is South of the main Dutch-Belgian border. So technically this section of border mess can represented by a Dutch flag, although an Belgian flag or even both flags would have fitted better.

[@rogink]

@@miwes9978 Well that definitely cleared it up :)

[@wazzup233]

Both Dutch and Belgians are brothers and they don't conflict each other for almost 2 centuries.

[@miwes9978]

@@wazzup233 You are forgetting the fact that Belgium had an annexation attempt on Zeeuws-Vlaanderen just after the WW1 ended, but yes

[@kmmmsyr9883]

There is a really small enclave belonging to Turkey: the Tomb of Suleiman Shah, inside Syria. Suleiman Shah, or Suleiman ibn Kutalmish (Kutalmışoğlu Süleyman Şah in Turkish) was the founder of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, which ruled Anatolia between the Battle of Manzikert and the Mongol Invasion. So, Suleiman ibn Kutalmish can be seen as the founder of Turkey (not the republic) and his tomb is a part of Turkey. During the ISIS incursion in Syria, the government moved his remains to another place in Syria closer to the Turkish border to protect it from ISIS (they were destroying tombs because it's "paganism") which Turkish opposition got really angry at, because the government literally left Turkish land to terrorists.

[@amogus694]

Why didn't they move the tomb to turkey?

[@mrkosg100]

It's more like an embassy (extraterritoriality). It's not sovereign territory.

[@Spacemongerr]

​@@amogus694 Because they can use it as a political tool against Syria. (Turkey is currently illegally occupying ~9000 km2 of Syria, ever since Turkey invaded in 2016.) According to Syria, Turkey gave up all rights of sovereignty the first time they moved it, in 1973.

[@drg.naufal]

@@Spacemongerr Well before WW1 Syria belonged to turkiye

[@krugerfaust5931]

@@amogus694 one of the reason is because suleiman shah himself wanted to be buried in "syam" or syria

[@AverytheCubanAmerican]

Another interesting Russian exclave: Sankovo-Medvezhye, inside southeastern Belarus by Gomel. It is a part of Bryansk Oblast, has an area of 4.5 squared kilometers, and is only 3 miles away from the Russian border. Settlers from the area left for Pennsylvania to work as miners at the beginning of the 20th century. They returned before WWI began, and new farmers bought holdings. During administrative reform in 1926, it was decided that the border between the Russian and Byelorussian SSRs would move east, but the villages Sankovo and Medvezhye would remain Russian (hence the name of this exclave). During Operation Barbarossa, Germans burned both villages, but they were settled yet again. However, due to the Chernobyl disaster, the area became abandoned and dangerous, both for radiation and because of thieves and poachers since neither the Russian police nor Belarusian police have jurisdiction.

[@hmoobmeeka]

Its avery the cuban american

[@Wrongperson62]

The whole Uzbekistan-Kyrgyzstan-Tajikistan exclaves mess would've been a good one to include

[@tauceti8060]

The real question is why they names all end with "stan".

[@imadrachidi2736]

@@tauceti8060 In Turkic languages, stan means land. So Turkmenistan is "Land of the Turkmens"...

[@tauceti8060]

@@imadrachidi2736 Cool,thanks

[@TheIronHordesman2]

​@@imadrachidi2736 the suffix - stan comes from Persian and means the same. The actual Turkic suffix that would be the equivilent of -stan would be "El" FE: Özbeg Eli, Kyrgyz Eli, Tadjik Eli.

[@TheIronHordesman2]

​@@tauceti8060Check my other reply please, the previous replier was wrong.

[@shubhochax3411]

Until 2015, India & Bangladesh used to share a huge number of enclaves within each other's territory, as many as 125 in number. One of them called "Dahala-Khagrabari" which was the only third order enclave in the world! (In simple words, an Indian enclave within an Bangladeshi enclave within an Indian enclave surrounded by Bangladeshi territory).

[@Amadeu.Macedo]

Fabulous, illuminating video. Thank you so much for your contribution to my historical and even linguistic knowledge, for I had not, up to now, betimes heard of "exclaves." BRAVO!

[@pierrebacalhau6042]

Love the content bro! Keep it up, much love from a portuguese friend

[@Berti17Berti17]

One mistake though, Kaliningrad (better known as Královec) is an exclave of the Czech Repulic. Great vid!

[@VaxlandMapping101]

Wait what.

[@SirHeinzbond]

did they build already the beer pipeline?

[@AlpOzture]

@@VaxlandMapping101 hes jokng

[@neotheater]

@@VaxlandMapping101 Czech Republic held a referendum where 95% of citizens voted in favor of annexing Královec (formerly Kaliningrad)

[@OpaSpielt]

I doubt it 🙄

[@Cykler770]

I life close by to a multipile times exclaves causing border at the German-Belgium border wich has 5 exclaves, including a exclave with a single house surrounded by Belgium. It was so the former "Vennbahn" a german railway connection wich was given after 1918 to Belgium together with Eupen and Malmedy. Today its no railway anymore, instead its a walking way surrounded by Germany in a single line just some 30 meters wide :P.

[@brittakriep2938]

There is also a german exclave in Switzerland, the village Büdingen.

[@mariajoaoferrazdeabreu150]

Great video! Always learning with this channel.

[@lapasika1981]

Thanks for this vid i waited for it!😊

[@NeoVitto]

Explicação muito boa, vídeo excelente

[@jokerofmorocco]

Kaliningrad/Konigsberg was also part of an exclave during the Weimar Republic when the state of East Prussia was disconnected from rest of Germany

[@aaronmarks9366]

Both Brunei and East Timor in Maritime Southeast Asia have little exclaves further down the coast from their main territories.

[@Fuad_Haciyev57]

A century ago Nachchivan was recognized a part of Azerbaijan because Azerbaijanies formed a majority of it's population. That is why in 1921 when Russia and Turkey signed a Treaty of Kars it was stated that Nakhchivan must be a part of Azerbaijan.

[@zzzzzzzzzzz2227]

No, actually it was because Russia wanted better relations with Türkiye which made them give this region to Azerbaijan. The region at that time was mixed of Armenians and Azeris and to a smaller degree Kurds and Assyrians, while being historically Armenian.

[@Fuad_Haciyev57]

@@zzzzzzzzzzz2227it was historically Armenian, but became Azerbaijani because Azerbaijanies formed a majority. For sure it was mixed region at that time. But I never heard of Assyrians leaving there. In 16 th century Armenians were only 7 percent of Nakhichevan-city population. But in 19 th century Armenians moved there from Iran and formed a half of town's population. Then Armenian population began to decline cause Armenians moved to Tiflis, Baku and Rostov seeking a better life. So, in 1920 Armenians formed not more than 20 percent of region's population. Azeries even formed an Araks Turkic republic which was dissolved by British. So it was not only the will of Russia and Turkey, but also a struggle of local Azeries for unification with Azerbaijan that made the situation as it is.

[@florianoberlander8670]

Another interesting border situation (but not directly an exclave) is the Austrian village of Jungholz connected to the rest of Austria by a small corridor of only 3 meters on top of the mountain Sorgschrofen. That means, if you want to enter the village, without having to go through Germany, is by literally climbing Sorgschrofen mountain and down on the other side vice versa. Also, it has two zip codes, 6691 (Austria), and 87491 (Germany).

[@haitch887]

jamais verei um mau vid neste canal, bom trabalho

[@frostbite3327]

I’ve been waiting for this video

[@deenzmartin6695]

really thorough stuff.

[@gabrielex3394]

Actually the real name of the Italian exclave is Campione with only one n, great explanation though

[@unwarranteddesign806]

There's an additional US-Canada exclave on Lake of the Woods between Manitoba, Ontario and Minnesota. The Northwest Angle, MN is a small exclave that juts above the 49th Parallel and is separated from the rest of the state by the lake.

[@liam-398]

Another not very well known exclave border situation exists between Belgium and Germany. Belgium owns the land that follows the ´Vennbahn´ which used to be a railway. This territory is technically connected to Belgium and may look silly, but isn´t an exclave on a technicality. However due to the existence of the Vennbahn and this being a Belgian Landbridge the german territory of Ruitzhof as well as parts to the west/southwest of Monschau and Roetgen actually technically did become german exclaves surrounded by Belgian territory. And to top it off, there is another territory in that same area that has fully remained german within the full borders of Belgium and it's that part of Belgium that's German speaking. TLDR: Look up the Belgian/German border running from Aachen to Monschau and you'll find something interesting.

[@AdventureAttitude]

So interesting, I want to visit all of them, unfortunately they closed the border of Nakhchivan when I was literally standing there from the Turkish side a few months ago 😅😅

[@FikAb]

The video had a Wrong information about Nakhchievan (Naxçıvan in Azeri), which was a part of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic 1918, territories of which were accepted at Paris Peace Conference in 1919, at that time Zangezur, which was given by Soviets to the Armenian SSR, connected Nakhchievan to the mainland Azerbaijan. Moreover, Karabakh is not disputed according to the UN Resolutions on Karabakh it always has been the sovereign territory of Azerbaijan, which was occupied by Armenia. However, in 2020 Azerbaijan has solely liberated Karabakh.

[@markdowding5737]

@@FikAb Yes, now it's time for Cyprus to liberate Northern Cyprus from Turkey's illegal occupation.

[@nadirnovruz]

@NXP38 [Editz and Videos] man, what are you talking about in Irevan (nowadays Yerevan) population was even 70% Azerbaijanis. Just go and read some facts. The facts that russians brought all armenians from Turkiye, Iran and Russia to create a fake county like yours. 1918 Armenia didn't have a city even and Irevan was taken. Just read the 1813 and 1828 treaties between Iran and Russia to see the considered population move to Irevan and Kharabakh khanate areas...

[@nadirnovruz]

@NXP38 [Editz and Videos] lmao, you are believing your own fake stories you wrote 🤣

[@nadirnovruz]

@NXP38 [Editz and Videos] again youbwrote fake history and following those 😂 It's not Yerevan but it is Irevan

[@OpaSpielt]

10:15 "... the Bering land bridge, that I think today no longer exists." Nice one, hahaha. You can be 100% sure that it doesn't exist anymore, because it existed only in the ice age 20,000 years ago or so, because the ocean sea level was many many meters lower than it presently is. It was kinda cold there, but the siberian natives of those days somehow managed to move east and discover Alaska and therefore also the American continent. Theres another exclave inside of Switzerland, it's the German town of Büsingen between Schaffhausen and Lake Constance. And now I have a special goodie for you: the Austrian town or village of Jungholz. It's completely surrounded by Germany, but I guess it isn't an exclave of Austria, because the borders of Germany and Austria there are shaped like a cross; Austria being on lower right, Germany being lower left and upper right, Jungholz being upper left. Because it's in the Alps mountains, this border cross is on a mountain, and people from Austria have to go or drive through Germany to get to Austrian Jungholz. So, is it an exclave? Thanks for your again very interesting video. 🖐👴

[@EdgedShadow]

If you do a part 2 I'd be interested in learning about the Spanish exclaves on the north Morrocan coast.

[@zachariahshort6546]

I’ve been to Baarle-Hertog and it’s a really interesting and quaint little town to visit if you’re a big geography nerd like me 🤓

[@nicocorbo4153]

great video. I definitely did not know the nuances of enclaves and exclaves before. delighted to add semi-enclave to my dictionary

[@5Penkets]

One small mistake. Königsberg was called Twānksta (Tuwangste) and was founded by Prussian (Baltic) tribes. Later Teutons burnt the village, built a castle and renamed it.

[@karlkarlos3545]

So, the City of Königsberg was still founded by the Teutonic Order. No mistake here.

[@MatthiasGattermeier]

Brilliant!

[@tanellidesaragossa855]

Before the independence of Bangladesh in 1971, it can be argued that its predecessor East Pakistan (called previously East Bengal) was an exclave of Pakistan - or vice versa as the majority of the Pakistani population lived there!

[@SupremeLeaderKimJong-un]

A fascinating Argentine exclave: Martín García Island located in the Río de la Plata. Because of its strategic location, the Argentine military built a fort there in the 1820s to deny the Brazilian navy access to the Uruguay River, which they were successful at doing so in the Battle of Juncal during the Cisplatine War. In 1973, Uruguay and Argentina made an agreement that Martín García Island was Argentine territory surrounded by Uruguayan waters. They also agreed that Martín García Island would be a nature preserve. But the most interesting part is at the time, there was an island next door that was recognized as Uruguayan called Timoteo Domínguez Island. However, it was evident that the channel that separated the two was filled with river sediments. Thus, the agreement said that if the islands were to unite, the sides would remain Uruguayan and Argentine. Another American one to mention is the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, which is de facto an exclave. While de jure Cuban, it has been permanently leased to the United States since 1903 as a coaling station and naval base, making it the oldest overseas US naval base in the world. The US will only end the lease when they abandon the area or both countries agree to end it, a decision we hope they do in support of our Cuban brothers.

[@nickahlbach5064]

As far as I know Guam is older as a navy base, beeing under US control after the end of the American Spanish War

[@SupremeLeaderKimJong-un]

@@nickahlbach5064 Naval Base Guam wasn't constructed until 1944. Anderson Air Force Base also didn't become a thing until 1944

[@AG-ni8jm]

I love the UAE/Oman situation best

[@Kurogane-san]

A good theme for a future video: The most Isolated places of the world. I've thought about it while searching about the Kerguelen Islands.

[@lkruijsw]

That Baarle Hertog is not a problem anymore, is not entirely true. During COVID Belgium had different rules than the Netherlands. Leading to a situation that a shop was closed half way.

[@izemamnon]

you missed the chance to mention ceuta and Melilla when you were talking about Spain, they're semi enclaves bordering Morocco to the south and the Mediterranean Sea to the north

[@frigginjerk]

The United States has a few other fun semi-exclaves. All four of these are on the mainland of North America, but not accessible overland from the rest of the US. Point Roberts, in Washington, is a peninsula that just barely crosses below the Canadian border at 49th parallel. Elm Point, in the Lake of the Woods, in Minnesota, does the same thing. Elm Point is uninhabited, but Angle Inlet, also in the Lake of the Woods, has a very small population (around 50 or so). Lastly, Alburgh, in Vermont, isn't really an exclave, since it's surrounded by the US on 3 sides. But those sides are all the water of Lake Champlain. The only land connection is through Canada to the north.

[@denisdooley1540]

Actually, all of them are surrounded on 3 sides by the waters of the United States. They are practically exclaves, but probably not technically exclaves.

[@DavBlc7]

There is a German enclave of Buslen am Hochrheim in northern part of Switzerland. it was said the German offered the Swiss to take over the enclave but the Swiss said No so it stay German even to today. both German and Swiss emergency service are still used in the enclave and both Swiss Francs and Euro are also used. it was said at the end of World War II. American conveys were allowed to go through the Swiss territory via a corridor agreed by the Americans and the Swiss, to take it over and disarmed any German forces in the enclave.

[@rochewalkerpetersen4427]

Walvis Bay in Namibia has an interesting history as an exclave of South Africa. Even before the German Empire colonised Southwest Africa, Britain annexed this natural harbour to its southern Cape Colony. German Southwest Africa (SWA) thus incorporated all of today's Namibia except for the port. With the formation of the Union of South Africa, Cape Colony became a constituent province, and Walvis Bay became an exclave thereof. After World War I SWA became a League of Nations mandate of the Union of South Africa and, although legally part of South Africa, Walvis Bay was administered as part of the mandate territory. In turn having become a republic, South Africa's racial policy caused the United Nations to repeal its trusteeship over the territory now named Namibia. South Africa resumed control of Walvis Bay as an exclave, a move declared void by the UN. Finally, this to-and-fro ended with Namibian independence in 1990 and Walvis Bay being relinquished to the new state.

[@leahshukaitis6365]

The USA actually has another exclave located in the state of Minnesota that was caused by bad mapping during the time the border was being mapped.

[@solehsolehsoleh]

That's Elm Point. There's also another one in northwest, Point Roberts WA near Vancouver Canada.

[@iskanderaga-ali3353]

As well as one in Washington state As a commenter above already mentioned*

[@wj896]

Little mistake...Campione d'Italia (Champion of Italy) not Campionne. Fun Fact: many many times people from Campione discuss an integration with Ticino and Switzerland, mostly due to the obvious logistic reason, but also due a bad Casinò related economy.

[@you-know-who9023]

@LazerFruit et al with France in mind there is also a small area inside the Old City of Jerusalem containing a church, possibly St. James, which is French territory gifted to France in the nineteenth century by the Ottoman Sultan. During President recent visit to the region this territory was part of the itinerary and Israeli security accompanying the President were told by him, in English, that they had to yield to French Security in accordance with International law.

[@you-know-who9023]

President Macron

[@jakubk-ski9599]

Kaliningrad was founded in 1255 according to what i found, 1215 is impossible (by Teutons) because they were brought to Prussia in 1226 by duke Konrad Mazowiecki and the city was named in honour of bohemian king

[@familygash7500]

Why The Hell is this video's comment section full of people saying that Kaliningrad is part of Czechia? Is it some kind of running gag that I'm unaware of or something?

[@SergeantArchDornan999]

Idk 🤷‍♂️

[@MR-American944]

I always forget that Alaska is an exclave

[@ilyane1]

Artsakh (Karabakh) being unrecognised is exclave after 2020 war, Artsakh connected to Armenia via Lachin corridor, that is controlled by joint forces of Russia, Azerbaijan and Turkey.

[@NoahBall08]

What happened to Angola’s coast in the thumbnail?

[@vasekcz]

No Kaliningrad Královec!

[@rwboa22]

Don't even think about it Bohemian. "Kaliningrad" shall and will BECOME POLISH!!! 🇵🇱🇵🇱🇵🇱

[@florianjongejeugd3902]

1:50 Baarle Hertog is in Belgium, Baarle Nassau is in the Netherlands Baarle Nassau also includes a few dutch exclaves inside Belgium

[@thismyname6832]

You could also do a video on ex/enclaves of specific countries- switzerlands cantons for example - the canton of freiburg is kinda a mess

[@samuelbhend2521]

...And that's not the only one either..... many Cantons have en-/exclaves and a Borderline which is a mess :)

[@sohopedeco]

You should have included Oecusse, the exclave of East Timor! 🇹🇱🇹🇱🇹🇱

[@risannd]

Oecusse become an exclave because Portuguese colonized it first. When the Dutch and Portuguese divided the island in half, Oecusse, which is in the western part of the island, is given to Portuguese. The Portuguese half become East Timor, and Dutch half become part of Indonesia.

[@matejbitman]

Kaliningrad is czech btw

[@cmd31220]

If you consider Indian reservations in the US to be separate countries (which for the most part the US government does), then there's a stretch of highway in Arizona where there's an Indian enclave within a separate Indian enclave within the state of Arizona. And during daylight savings time, since Arizona and the innermost Indian enclave don't recognize daylight savings but the outer Indian enclave does, you theoretically have to change your clocks 6 times when driving from New Mexico to California on this highway.

[@yorktown99]

A few minor notes on the video: The Soviet Union had a complex nationality policy, designed to create "homelands" for individual ethnolinguistic groups within it. Russia itself was (and still is) federally structured with a variety of autonomous territories of varying status. After 1945, Kaliningrad was re-settled by Russian-speakers and administered from Moscow directly. After 1991, neither Poland nor Lithuania wanted to annex a territory with such a large Russian population (and leased military presence). The Caucasus region likewise was (and is) a network of isolated mountain valleys, each with a distinct identity; the end of the Soviet Union left the newly independent states with administrative borders that did not totally align with local identities, nor was there much capacity for those nations to reach more comprehensive settlements with each other due to centuries of tension and mistrust. Broadly speaking, Belgium & the Netherlands owe their complex border to the rival dynastic claims of, respectively, the Houses of Hapsburg and Nassau-Orange. When individual parcels of land were bought and sold, the feudal overlordship sometimes was impacted. When Belgium won it's independence from the Netherlands, there remained a complicated set of these parcels that would gradually be ruled by the courts as belonging to one state or another. When the Portuguese first began exploring the coasts of Africa, they came to the mouth of the Congo River and established a trading post with the powerful native states in the interior (then called 'Kongo'). When the trans-Atlantic slave trade ended in the 19th Century, other European powers began to encroach in a haphazard fashion and reached a variety of compromises with each other, not taking into account native desires.

[@antonshevel4352]

Kaliningrad You mean Kralovec?

[@rwboa22]

IT'S KRÓWLEIC!!! 🇵🇱🇵🇱🇵🇱

[@sdrawkcabUK]

Interesting also are ‘pene-enclaves’ - areas of land joined to the ‘mainland’ only by a narrow strip eg Drummully in Ireland

[@General.Knowledge]

Very interesting!

[@Quark0611]

Jungholz Austria, is also a prne exclave, as it's bordered by Austria on the top of a mountain (Quadripoint). The village itself is surrounded by Germany (Bavaria).

[@derunfassbarebielecki]

Tajikistan and Kirgizistan also have a pretty interesting enclave situstion. It often leads to conflicts.

[@sillelioglu]

Plus Uzbekistan. Fergana Valley causes serious fights between these countries.

[@marcellosalis5063]

I believe Campione d'Italia is spelled with only one N. By the way, I love your channel.

[@KnokkieNL]

Fun fact: the situation in Baarle-Nassau actually caused some problems recently, due to COVID. The Netherlands and Belgium had different lockdown rules. For example: for a shop that crossed the border this meant that they could only open their women part, since this was located in The Netherlands. The mens part was in Belgium and had to be closed.

[@albevanhanoy]

As a French, that was a pretty good pronunciation of "Pyrénées Orientales", well done.

[@sergicb1533]

I cannot say the same for the pronunciation of Llívia, as a Catalan. In English it should be read it as Yivia, or something very similar.

[@lucaesposito6896]

Same for Campione d'Italia, just one N

[@slovakhistoryball35]

nice video

[@Swissswoosher]

Bit outdated picture of a Swiss Franc. And the Canton’s name is pronounced Titshino. But great video as always

[@fullcirclehistory]

Dude what's going on in the thumbnail? Why's Angola's coast a straight line?

[@michaelrae9599]

Bering land bridge still exists, it's just below sea level and thus not "land". Next ice age, it will show up again.

[@iskanderaga-ali3353]

"Bering land bridge" Not Bering nor land nor bridge

[@bhavleenk]

How many languages can you speak? Your pronunciation and accent is perfect for so many

[@remynaliyev2757]

Thanks for Doing Azerbaijan love from Nakhchivan

[@user-uh4oz8ht1p]

Very cool video, so here is some exclaves 1) Exlacves of Uzbekistan, Kyrgisia and Tajikistan. There was several conflicts economical and military between these countries for this territories. 2) The Horwatian exclave, it's surrounded by see, Bosnia and Montenegro. It's interesting thet Horwatian want's to build a bridge between mainland and exclave, but if it would be done Bosnia would lost it's access to see. 3)Russian exclave in Belarus,it's nothing interesting there right now, but it had a large history, such as in these region were formed first partisans group against Nazi German, but after Chernoble catastrophe it's forbidden to live there.

[@iskanderaga-ali3353]

Horwatian 💀💀💀

[@torzsmokus]

@@iskanderaga-ali3353 you mean you didn't understand she was talking about Croatia?

[@iskanderaga-ali3353]

@@torzsmokus Not all people in the world are slavs

[@torzsmokus]

@@iskanderaga-ali3353 neither am I 🤷

[@iskanderaga-ali3353]

@@torzsmokus Yes you are, are are you implying that you are ugrian?

[@breaderikthegreat3224]

1:55 Isn't it part of Czechia?

[@AjarTadpole7202]

Czechia has no exclaves

[@breaderikthegreat3224]

@@AjarTadpole7202 Kaliningrad?

[@General.Knowledge]

There's so many people making this comment and I'm very confused ahaha

[@breaderikthegreat3224]

@@General.Knowledge there was on the Internet a meme referendum in Czechia for Kaliningrad to become a Czech Province with the Options being "yes" and "obviously". It is a satire to the eastern Ukraine referendum

[@rwboa22]

@@General.Knowledge these Bohemian idiots are on drugs (Czech Republic is a modern nation, only being less than 110 years old). Truthfully, it belongs to the POLISH people (and as reparations for Russian actions from 1939 to 1990). 🇵🇱🇵🇱🇵🇱

[@user-ir7zd9li9d]

If you are referred on semi exclaves you should include melillia and theuta that are Spanish territories in the coasts of Morocco! PS I'm not sure but I think India has a semi exclave on the western part of Bangladesh!

[@oliverleonard7730]

Gibraltar is a Semi Exclave of the United Kingdom surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea on one side and Spain on the other, likewise on the opposite side Ceuta and Meilla are Spanish Semi Exclaves surrounded by Morocco on one side.

[@Voota]

Kaliningrad is Czech exclave named Královec

[@AjarTadpole7202]

No, It's a russian exclave called Königsberg, but the Russians call it Kaliningrad. The czechs held a fake election.

[@thejoeyjason]

No

[@stefanocuccoli178]

Small mistake: Campione d'Italia is with a single "n" (as can be seen in the maps), not two

[@WorstUsernamEvr]

What about that small exclave of Oman on the eastern tip of the Arabian peninsula where the Persian Gulf meets the Gulf of Oman? It is bordered only by the U.A.E. on one side and the ocean on the other.

[@TheSecretPower]

4:50 That map is outdated, The Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh) has been an exclave from Armenia since the 2020 conflict where Azerbaijan reclaimed a lot of territory.

[@franciscoovarela]

1:56 You just negated what you said in the intro. You said semi-exclaves but these don't exist. Exclaves either are exclaves or not. Enclaves however can be semi-enclaves or full enclaves. In this case Kaliningrad is a semi-enclave according to your definition.

[@rubzakaryan8896]

What is interesting about Armenia is that it only got worse. How pure is this nation.. The first grand territories occupied by them in the further past but the loss of Naxijevan, the loss of Artsakh and now, when we’ve got a tiny territory where we can call ourselves “proud armenians” is repeatedly attacked by Azerbaijan. What is next? Total destruction of ours?

[@flappley]

Sadly its come to that, but yet we are still here, we've been genocided, massacred, ethnic cleansed, invaded, everything, but yet we are still here. We may not be the strongest or the best but we went through the absolute worst, don't ever lose hope because we always come back

[@rubzakaryan8896]

@@flappley Yes, exactly how Hovhannes Tumanyan told us in Hayreniqis het

[@Stellaqueengirl.]

Very good channel bro appreciate it pls speak louder if possible it's feeble

[@attemptedunkindness3632]

I totally understand mixing up inclaves and exclaves. To this day, I have to triple-check the difference between an old-growth, and new-growth forest.

[@eresgal7802]

No Point Roberts, WA, USA? It’s an exclave in Washington state that is cutoff from the rest of the state since it’s south of the 49th parallel but on a peninsula that connects to the British Canadian mainland but separates it from the rest of the US.

[@grizwoldphantasia5005]

There are one or a few more elsewhere on that long border. Minnesota, Wisconsin?

[@General.Knowledge]

A really cool case too, I forgot to mention it!

[@mmtlab3084]

Campione is written with just one N not two (and it means champion by the way)

[@user-ck2ov9ff1o]

There are three things about Armenia-Azerbaijan situation: 1) The exclave of Nakhichevan defacto happened after the ethnic-driven partition of Zangezur - the historical area of Nakhichevan and South Armenia (Syunikh). It used to be a mixed region as a whole, but as a result of 1918-1920 Armenia-Azerbaijan war, the final settlement by Soviets was to divide the territory. It took years after that for ethnic migration that pretty much made Armenian Syunikh and Azerbaijani Nakhichevan ethnically homogenous with respective nations. 2) After 2020 war, the Artsakh is an exclave. 3)They had many more smaller exlaves across border, but in 90s all got defacto annexed.

[@nadirnovruz]

Karabakh is not separate but Azerbaijani area as per the treaty signed by Azerbaijan, Russia and Armenia. All armenian powers will be removed from the region and it will become a province (raion) of Azerbaijan Republic. As oer Ilham Aliyev said, there will be no status discussion of Kharabakh!

[@josueveguilla9069]

El Mapa de Sebas also covered this topic.

[@AydinGerayoglu]

Nakhchivan was under the rule of many empires throughout history. It was under the rule of the Azerbaijani states of Qara Qoyunlu and Aq Qoyunlu. In 1747 - 1828, it became one of the Azerbaijan (Caucasian) Khanates, the Nakhchivan Khanate. In 1918, it was a part of the Azerbaijan People's Republic. But you never mentioned them, you are not neutral, you should never get tired of making Armenian propaganda.

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

Love Azerbaijan from Turkey❤❤❤

[@tauceti8060]

What about Armenia?

[@papazataklaattiranimam]

@@tauceti8060 they don’t like us

[@aminyt8742]

People From Middle East Trying To Be Not Ultranationalist (Jk, I Love You All Guys. Even Your PAPAZA.)

[@AllanLimosin]

@@papazataklaattiranimam Inverted pronouns

[@AydinGerayoglu]

@NXP38 [Editz and Videos] Lol

[@bertb3731]

how about Michigan's upper peninsula as a semi-exclave relative to the rest of the state? (I know it's all part of the same country, but kind of unique feature among the states.)

[@SantiagoGeffen]

There is another case in South America: Argentina also has an exclave. Martín García Island (Argentina) is surrounded by Uruguayan waters in the Río de la Plata.

[@nmwvideos2393]

*Královec

[@janki3353]

Cople things about Nakhchivan It was part of the core of Armenia for up until the last kingdom collapsed, well past 1000AD. Nakhchivan is an Armenian name, meaning "before Ijevan" It was Armenian dominanted and majority for history until the deportations by the Persians in the 1800s.

[@FikAb]

Wrong information about Nakhchievan (Naxçıvan in Azeri), which was a part of Azerbaijan Democratic Republic 1918, territories of which were accepted at Paris Peace Conference in 1919, at that time Zangezur, which was given by Soviets to the Armenian SSR, connected Nakhchievan to the mainland Azerbaijan. Moreover, Karabakh is not disputed according to the UN Resolutions on Karabakh it always has been the sovereign territory of Azerbaijan, which was occupied by Armenia. However, in 2020 Azerbaijan has solely liberated Karabakh. The name Nakhchievan is Persian btw

[@janki3353]

@@FikAb My comment was of something centuries before yours. And no, its not Perisan.

[@ShubhamMishrabro]

@@FikAb how is it wrong. You are talking about 20th century history while he talking before 18 th century

[@ShubhamMishrabro]

Armenia can't do anything now. It's history is literally denied by Azerbaijan and turkey. The hatred and misinformation about Armenia in those countries is very bad

[@sidequestenjoyer7037]

@@FikAb Azeri propaganda machine again

[@jhaarbur]

Actually, there are several: 1. Northwest Angle, MInnesota (USA surrounded by Canada) + several other ones from the USA and Canada within each other going both ways (USA in Canada, Canada in USA) that resulted from the establishment of the border at the 49th parallel. (Point Roberts, Washington, USA) 2. Saint Martin/ Sint Maarten? 3. Ceuta and Meililla 4. Likoma and Chizumulu Islands in Lake Malawi are lacustrine enclaves and exclaves of Malawi, surrounded by Mozambique territorial waters. 5. Northern Cyprus 6. Jervis Bay Territory, Australia 7. Upper Peninsula, Michigan 8. Delmarva Peninsula, USA 9. Oecusse, a district on the northwestern side of the island of Timor, is a semi-enclave of East Timor separated from the rest of the country by Indonesia. 10. French Guiana

[@protorhinocerator142]

At the state level, the USA has one very obvious example. Michigan is split into two sections. The northern peninsula borders Wisconsin, and the southern section (the mitt) borders Ohio and Indiana.

[@Gosudar]

UPDATE: After a successful referendum, Kaliningrad has been annexed by Czechia and renamed Královec, thus ending the centuries-long landlockedness of the country. Královec (formerly Kaliningrad) is from now on and for ever a Czech exclave.

[@yeetyeet5417]

It's a joke on the internet *STUPID*

[@mehornyasfk]

3:23 what an utterly horrendous WW1 map! - Germany: doesn't own Alsace-Lorraine, South Jutland, its Eastern border was horribly drawn - France: owns Alsace-Lorraine, doesn't have a defined border with Italy - Italy: Owns South Tyrol (and Corsica???) - Austria-Hungary: Doesn't own South Tyrol - Bulgaria: Owns Eastern Thrace - Turkey: no Turkey, it was the Ottoman Empire, doesn't own Eastern Thrace - Spain: Doesn't own the Balearic Islands. Wtf is this shit? Whoever made this should be ashamed. Also, there are countless good maps available on the internet and you had to choose the worst one.

[@haibigboy]

also it looks like Belgium owns Eupen-Malmedy which was only ceded to them after the war but it's too small so idk

[@novembrite9001]

I have a south tyrol flag in my room

[@djexpo6655]

As a Canadian, I’ve always hated that Alaska is part of the United States. Surprised you Malaysia wasn’t on here considering how significant its disconnected territory is.

[@davidcasci]

In Campione d’Italia are both accepted swiss francs (CHF) and euros (EUR)

[@AverytheCubanAmerican]

USSR and Cuba: Angola belongs in our sphere USA: No, it will be in ours Portugal: "Angola é nossa" gritarei... USSR, Cuba, USA: Who said that? Portugal: Angola é nossa, Angola é nossa! É nossa, *É NOSSA! ANGOLA É PORTUGAL!!* Based on how Angola is drawn in the thumbnail, it looks like it's trying to beat Egypt for the title of most squarish country.