COWS EVOLVING TO BE HUGE(And Trees Evolved From Grass)? - Project Apollo(Cattle Seedworld)

My Patreon: / alienevolution
While probably not an inevitable endpoint of evolution, megafauna seem to be a constant in most environments. But on a planet of cattle, how would megafauna evolve, and what would they look like?
This is part of my seedworld series, Project Apollo. Seed worlds are planets that were 'seeded' with earth lifeforms, that are then left to evolve independent of earth in this new context. This can result in extreme diversification, reminiscent of Darwin's Finches, mammals post K-T Extinction Impact, or when vertebrates first came onto land. Serina, a natural history of the world of birds by Sheather888/Dylan Bajda and Tales of Kaimere by Keenan Taylor are two examples of popular seedworlds.
Without oceans as geographical barriers, cattle can freely migrate anywhere they want on Apollo's surface. This massive food supply might allow for cattle growing even larger than mammals on Earth.
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Paraceratherium was the largest land mammal that we know of, ever, at 4.8 metres (15.7 feet) tall. Its weight is estimated to have been about 15 to 20 tonnes (33,000 to 44,000 lb), according to wikipedia. Compare this to the average African elephant, 8.2 to 13 feet (2.5 to 4 m) tall, although I think some mammoths were more comparable in height to Paraceratherium.
The largest mammalian land carnivore ever to exist was a lot smaller. Andrewsarchus mongoliensis is estimated to have been 6 feet at the shoulder, and 12 feet long, although only the skull has ever been found. That'd still be terrifying to see, and breathtaking, but no where near as large as the biggest herbivores.
Of course, dinosaurs got a lot bigger. T. Rex was taller than an elephant.
I have no idea if the colors on the really big cattle are even possible.
I think the species name Cicadaformi was suggested for a species of grasshoppers in the same comment as Neotitanoptera, which I nearly went with for the actual family. Maybe that's the name of the specific species in the art?
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If you've got fanart you'd like shown in the series, post it in the r/speculativeevolution subreddit ( / new ) and I'll probably see it. But don't flood the sub of course, and I can't guarantee it'll be in the vid.
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Original concept by reddit user Bteatesthighlander1
Credit to those who drew their respective images in the video, such as Keenan Taylor and Dylan Bajda. Most other images were drawn by myself, can be found on Wikipedia, or are protected by fair use. Some have been modified/edited.
♫Music is from KZbin's Creator Music and does not belong to me.

[@Alien_Evolution]

Let me know if the subtitles are helpful, annoying, or unnecessary. It takes a lot of work to add them in(not why the video took so long to come out. I edited this in a day lol) so I'd like to know if they actually help performance. I wonder how many typos I made. I could probably also upload this video without subtitles if they're too annoying. I'm probably going to upload the art to my patreon if you want to see it without obstructions. Subscribe or you get trampled by huge cattle

[@OceanWilks]

i like your videos

[@OceanWilks]

the bullfolow

[@Mrbog256]

Very unnecessary but not really annoying…kind of

[@Mrbog256]

But I do thing that people that maybe deaf can possibly use this so I kind of decide it wasn’t that unnecessary anymore…so I guess you kind of did something helpful without knowing

[@Alien_Evolution]

@@Mrbog256 youtube does usually have auto-generated subtitles, although they're probably not very accurate

[@paxlash]

What about burrowing cattle? Maybe they’ve evolved sharpened hooves or specialized horns that help with digging? Maybe they eat the roots of the larger tree-like plants?

[@OscarStone-pj2vx]

Maybe they could evovle to just eat the dirt and filter out the nutrients kinda like an on land filter feeder

[@Adthereccomendationsguy]

He said he could imagine cattle burrowing underground at the end but not sure

[@boi7316]

After watching Biblaridion, a burrowing cow's limbs will be like a mole's, which have very short arms and legs

[@WASDLeftClick]

This type of niche would probably be filled by a particularly small variety of cattle. Probably one that evolved to be good at running and hiding from predators

[@shanerooney7288]

Burrowing animals something use their head/nose instead of their legs.

[@koinoz_xero8389]

A suggestion for the grass: it is possible that due cattle eating massives amounts of grass in a short span of time this grass would likely adapt in order to preserve and reproduce. maybe the grass would evolve defense mechanisms such as poisonous leaves or even harden themselves, with some becoming sharp and thus harder to eat. while other grass would specialize in taking advantage on the cattle population, developing seeds that would be consume by the cows and then excreted from their bodies, allowing them to grow in the safety of cow poop. am also thinking of enormous systems of roots that would connect comunities of grass, sharing resources allowing them to grow larger in less time.

[@UndeadChallenges]

I would also say size too, considering pineapples and palm trees are closely related to grass

[@samanthaprillwitz745]

Can you try to upload faster

[@CAMSLAYER13]

Grass already does a lot of that irl. We already live in a world where grass is dominant and gets eaten by everything

[@GhazMazMSM]

The hooves of some of these cattle must be so bizarre. At some point, they could evolve back into claws and digits. For some small cattle, it could get to a point where you can't really tell it's an ungulate anymore.

[@crimsonbaron4418]

I don't think they could evolve back into claws or digits. Google Dollo's Law Basically once something is lost it is really improbable to evolve them again, so the cows will have to find another solution

[@rac1equalsbestgame853]

Like hippos feet. Their hooves are so hard to see.

[@paxlash]

What if a species of cattle had a hoof that moved to the back of the foot and became like a spur?

[@DagmaleronMC]

A suggestion for the extremely large cattle species - perhaps something like Gigantotherium or Ultratherium? Maybe the apex carnivorous cattle could be called Minotyrannus, which translates to 'Tyrant Cattle'? And a suggestion for the 'minifauna' episode - a small arboreal insectivorous cattle that uses its horns to scrape away bark to uncover insects. This project always brings me such joy whenever I see a new episode, keep up the amazing work!!!

[@Alien_Evolution]

I thought of a name for once; Tyrannotaurus(I think taurus means bull). Probably not going to use it lol. You have some good ideas, thank you!

[@christosdoesthings]

@@Alien_Evolution keep "tyrannotaurus" for the large carnivores!

[@beaglesandbirds]

I thought Taurus meant cow

[@matthewadams1674]

@@beaglesandbirds I'm like 99% sure it mean bull from Carnotaurus

[@BrixBlox]

Mino comes from Minos, a name that means king. So the name could still work (Tyrant King).

[@Piedrahumo4447]

suggestion about tiny cows: in the first video you mentioned how big heards would go to diferent points of apolo to eat the grass and leave afther they eat all of it, so what if there is a species of tiny cattle that would enter in hibernation once the grass is gone and wake up again at the beggining of a new "grass season" to be the first ones eating there, these cows would make borows on the ground and could be communal or solitary edit: also there would be any flying cows in the future?, maybe evolving from tiny arboreal cattle like flying squirls

[@MarcoCaprini-do3dq]

Maybe something like flying squirrels, but I don't think there's going to be anything like birds

[@beaglesandbirds]

⁠more like bats then.

[@crimsonbaron4418]

How would they even get on trees if they have no fingers? Maybe evolve the hooves into something akin to an insect's claw?

[@lorenzogarompolo8074]

When I read that I thought of the silliest thing. The dragons in the Discworld from Terry Pratchett have a complex inner system of organs that produce chemicals that they use to breath fire. In one particular instance it's used as a propeller. It's funny to imagine cows flying with the aid of chemicals inside them.

[@Massimo2.0-zj1qy]

I have an idea: make some invertebrates evolve into fish like animals

[@szymcionorski1328]

Names ideas: Armored cow: Rhinocerobovis (rhinocerotis - rhinoceros, bovis - cow) Large grazer cow: Terastivoskotherium (terastios - gargantuan, voskos - grazer, therium - beast)

[@EllieK_814]

Rhinobovis would just mean "nose cow". Armored cow would be something like Hoplobovis or Ankylobovis.

[@szymcionorski1328]

@@EllieK_814 thanks, I've changed that now

[@heeheeyup35]

With the evolution of tree-like plants, this provides a huge number of new niches like ambush predators and tree climbers. I’d also like to see the small cattle diversify further, as they can likely reproduce much faster than the large cattle. They can become burrowers or become more horse-like to escape, or turn into small pack hunters!

[@patriciusthehumanfighter3642]

2:47 "Iocoronidae" for the low grazers. "Io" from a nymph (one of Zeus' many trysts) transformed into a cow, protected by the many-eyed Giant Argus. "Corona" meaning "Crown," referring to the many, small protrusions coming from the horns. 4:35 For the tall ones, I suggest "Bosposeidonidae." "Bos" being the scientific name for cattle, and "Poseidon" referring to the Greek God of the Sea, whose concern was also Earthquakes. His "Earth-shaker" epithet was more commonly used in Mycenaean Greece, but I think it fits. Besides, there's a Sauropod named "Sauroposeidon," so there's that connection, as well. You're doing well, keep it up.

[@HouseWheatStudios]

What an honour! Thank you for mentioning my videos. I love the development of the cow niches. What really grabbed my attention this video though, was the segment on plant life adapting various means to perturb cattle from grazing. As always, excited to see where this goes!

[@KingDrakoTyrell]

We need to figure out how to get rid of the “ Apollo space program “

[@ElysianAura]

Keep reporting it as an inaccurate label, it needs multiple people to say elsewise for it

[@NonNewtoadian]

I think when you publish a video you can click on more settings and then untick the box which says allow automatic concepts.

[@obrasilius6733]

HOLY COW! IT IS BACK

[@umfa9817]

The existence of "trees" in the seeded world is even less of a stretch if you know that bamboo is more closely related to grass than to any type of modern tree. I also would like to see what other niches it will create over millions of years with forests now being an option. I like to think the small cattle diversifying even more, with some managing to climb trees, and from there you could make some of them create membranes and learn to plane and then fly. See if you can figure a way of doing this, and even more. The potential of this world is immense and what we've seen so far can be just the very beginning

[@Red-Tempest]

Absolutely love speculative evolution, it is awesome to always see the niches getting filled by floura and fauna. Can't wait to see where it goes. Also, i like seeing where certain lineages end. I would love to see a short topic about the rivalry between the two predatory cattle groups. Will the more traditional predator one make the bigger one go extinct? Who knows! Also, the sketches are cool. I would love to also see how color patterns would come in. The predatory ones might develop stripes to blend in with the grass. Keep this up. it's awesome!

[@figdiskmiss6301]

I know it was mentioned as a bridge to true carnivory, would love to see a breed specialize in a scavenger lifestyle, maybe event something that bullies other carnivores away from successful hunts.

[@BrownOwl2036]

Wake up babe, new video by Alien Evolution just dropped.

[@scarletje6323]

Note that giraffes evolved in a world already filled with trees, while these cows would be evolving to browse higher and higher at the same time the trees themselves evolved great heights for the first time. This might lead to really weird co-evolution, either in the form of some absurd arms race never seen on earth, or alternatively very dedicated seed-dispersing mutualism.

[@ramon10107]

Climbing cows

[@ramon10107]

Like monkeys

[@ruli18life73]

Nice video! Here are my many name suggestions for the new megafaunal cattle: 2:49 cladocheratus, cladotherium, crassatherium, crassatitan, 4:37 columnotherium, columnotitan, columnotaurus

[@dootcoyt5775]

babe wake up! alien evolution posted

[@EmirMakesStuff]

Your art is amazing, WE NEED SPEEDPAINTS, also, ive thought up some names. I think the name: Skeratheridae, for the megafaunal grazers would be cool, it comes from therio (beast) and sker because it reminds me of the Sker Buffalo from Skull Island. For the megafaunal browsers i chose Titanocerata, which means Titan Horns. Finally for the predators i just chose Megalarpactica, which just means "Big Predator".

[@christosdoesthings]

4:38 Im greek so i have a name idea! "Kamilogada giganticus" The genus name means "Cow Giraffe" and the specific name simply referring to its giant size.

[@pacotaco1246]

I love that you still have the Apollo 11 blurb on your videos! Keep up the good work!

[@biohazard5525]

I have a few ideas for some small cows! Especially today, a lot of smaller mammals and birds tend to eat small, but energy-dense foods, so small purely fruit or nut-eating cows could exist, as well as small carrion eating cows. Further, some cows could evolve to eat bones, which is very nutrient dense, but too tough of a food for most other cows to eat. Another route to small sizes is eating energy-poor, dangerous, but uncontested food sources. Think koalas with poisonous eucalyptus leaves (perhaps smaller cows who graze on the branches of woody and thorny herbaceous plants, with the help of complex guts or a lot of digestive microbes) or some species of badger with snakes (possibly evolving a tough skin and venom resistance to the giant spiders) Hope these ideas help with some concepts!

[@1fishmob]

This series of videos have inspired me to revisit one of my old spec evo ideas. Thank you.

[@Alien_Evolution]

Awesome :D

[@fabriziobiancucci7702]

The apex predator of this world must absolutely be called tyrannotaurus

[@Alien_Evolution]

I was actually thinking that. It's a little cheesy but I like it Tyrannotaurus rex

[@MC_73]

@@Alien_EvolutionTryannotaurus Tex- as Roadhouse

[@ai97Nord]

Amazing video Bro 👍🏻. Asterionides might gone extinct, if they still used charging strategy. Minofelis is better candidate for future Apollo Predator, basically outcompeting Asterionides species. About your next video about small cattle, this my idea. How about you make them into like Equidae (Horse), Cervidae (Deer) or Small Burrowing wing Wombat liked body Insectivore cattle species. Couldn't wait, when we're going back into the Sea and is there any major river system in Apollo?

[@azazielsolaron3992]

I have some ideas for the insects/arachnids, the plants and the climate 1. Plants; I think your planet is covered predominantly by grass. There's a huge free niche for taller plants. Instead of just making them woody(the dicotyledon route); maybe go the monocot route. Tall bamboo like plants evolved from grass. 2. Insects/arachnid; there is already a case of arthropods evolving to grow bigger in the mollusca. They could develop copper based blood like some crustaceans. Together with a three chambered heart and closed circulatory system. This would allow them to get much... Much bigger. For arachnids it's even easier since the genes for book lungs are already present and require less modification. 3. Climate; specifically, climate change. The population explosion of cattle will lead to overgrazing as you said. This would also lead to more carbon being released into the atmosphere from decomposing waste and the decrease in global plant population. You didn't mention any volcanic activity.. so I'll be assuming no significant activity there. You'd probably see a global warming situation from excess methane and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. This would further exacerbate the decrease in cattle population. Smaller populations of cattle... relatively isolated due to the isolated pockets of greenery. Then the high CO2 levels would eventually lead to increased plant growth with more diversification due to inbreeding (low population). The same would hold true for the cattle; the relative isolation leading to inbreeding and the traits they develop to be further strengthened. You probably won't get a true ice age from this(unless you have a significant sulphur source or something that I haven't taken into account), but as the plants thrive in the excess CO2; they will bring down the global temperatures. Now you have groups of cattle that have been forced to evolve with the threat of extinction.. and a situation where you had low enough food supply to lead to carnivores

[@Mr.god_man_wooper_sir]

I made Serpentara Prime, a 3,000,000,000 year long journey into a world of only alligators, rough fish, snakes, and turtles.

[@ajgibson1307]

Happy new year

[@UnwantedGhost1-anz25]

Thank you very much for inspiring Madly Mesozoic to create a similar series called "Orbis Pogona." So far, three episodes with one on the way soon.

[@wonderman7166]

In terms of *PLANT EVOLUTION* on Planet Apollo, i think some species of Flowering plants would grow taller and taller with each generation due to the lack of competition from other similar plants, eventually in a few Million years these flowering plant descendants would become Apollo's *first Trees* (able to produce sweet fruits), these Trees would force some small and big cow species to either become 'Tree-Climbing Species' or evolve Longer necks to reach the high foliage.

[@ZahiyaCourtney]

I'v just stared reading triles of apollo and i can't help but find the name of your prigect funny and awsom .

[@dv9239]

It's awesome following a speculative evolution project from the beginning

[@PuffPastry-ke3cm]

This is a really cool project! I've been inspired by these videos to start my own spec evo projects.

[@msb7289]

I just finished the House Wheat videos on Apollo and gotten a notification for this vid. This is truly the best timeline

[@theomegazillagd]

I have watched this series (and been subscribed) for a while now, and I just want to say, every episode just keeps getting better and better! I also really like the artstyle you got going. :)

[@deralex4350]

Great video as always. I think it would be really cool to see some sort of small scavanger cattle that split of from the bigger predators to only focus on corpses, maybe even with strong enough jaws to crack open bones.

[@blubbytheblobfish1582]

Hey man I normally dont take the time to comment, but I really like supporting small channels with alot of potential so I wanted to let you know that I love your content and I hope you gain more traction in upcoming years❤

[@Alien_Evolution]

Thanks!

[@julius333333]

I would've liked the scenario with no insects & some cows evolving to smaller and smaller sizes to fill the niche

[@Alien_Evolution]

That'd actually be really cool

[@stuchly1]

Wait what! I've missed a video? 😮 Gotta watch it, sooo excited about the titanoptera mention, they're so cool!

[@matthewadams1674]

A suggestion for the second megafaunal cow could be Eodivutauros(Dawn God Bull) or Tauroposeidon(Bull that Shakes the Earth) considering it's immense size. The first one could be Ramucepholus(Branch head)

[@ImABeastAndIPwnU]

Name suggestion for super tall cattle: Tauropods (Bull Foot) mainly because it rhymes with Sauropods, which basically gets the point across. Great work!

[@nelly5954]

I think the Asterionoides would very quickly evolve unicornism (for lack of a better term). An individual with a mutation resulting in one horn failing to grow / atrophying would be left with a single remaining horn, and this would do more damage as the force is no longer divided between two points. This hasn't happened in modern ungulates because they usually bludgeon with their horns, instead of stabbing, and the points are in different directions.

[@Alien_Evolution]

Someone made fanart of an asterionoides with a horn that fuses towards the front, which is a cool idea

[@Nicolafuria]

This video only shows up in the playlist

[@Alien_Evolution]

I had the video as unlisted. Turns out unlisted videos show up if they're in a playlist? I'm planning on posting it at 3:PM today, setting it to private until then Thanks for pointing this out, and congrats on watching the video long before almost anyone else lol

[@Nicolafuria]

@@Alien_Evolution this so funny i Discovered your Channel likes 1 hour ago I mean lucky me didn't have to wait

[@gladeseason3462]

YAAAY!! this series keeps me hooked it’s awesome!!! I love these cows so much

[@ShinyLairon]

im in love with projects like these

[@yamatanoorochi6203]

2:48 Moose Cow 4:36 TitanoTaurus 5:22 Gigantofelis

[@Dedicatedfollower467]

i'm very excited to see arboreal cow species. my first thought is that tree climbing would be quite difficult with hooves, but then i thought of those tree-climbing goats from morocco. maybe goat-like adaptations, with very narrow hooves and prominent dewclaws, could help an arboreal cow lineage!

[@etheriousjackal5577]

Would love to see your return back to carnivorous cattles again. It's such an interesting concept and was what got me to start watching this series.

[@esbeng.s.a9761]

It would make sense if the grass that evolve into trees would look more like bamboo as bamboo is a specie of grass. Some bamboos can also grow up to 2.91 ft/day or 1.5 inches/hour. This would make it so that the plant wouldn't gotten eaten before growing up by the giant herds

[@SlushieeeeTheCatgirl]

Hmm, Possibly columnaboves for the massive cows (means Pillar Cows in latin) also thinking on the burrowing thing possibly some sort of extremist tiny cow designed to burrow under the surface for a food source most can't get to, roots.

[@KiraiKatsuji]

It would be great to have Map of Appolo for having a visuals representation of regions and thus enabling more defined Climates or at least to have idea from where they came

[@SlothOfTheSea]

The cattle at 2:50 could be called Eomegataurus, and the one at 4:37 could be called Saurochlos. Love the subtitles by the way, and great video as always.

[@milessaxton]

I would imagine smaller cattle might exhibit mimicry of the calves in larger species

[@utej.k.bemsel4777]

Sucking milk for survival.

[@holandreas]

Carnivorous cattle sounds absolutely terrifying!

[@tanagerbirds]

inspired by serina without being a rip-off, has improved massively since early videos on the channel, open to criticism without letting it stray you from original concept... this one is a winner. the subtitles help a lot, as someone who always has to use subtitles to watch videos. youtubes auto subtitles don't understand any technical terms or species names, let alone original ones.

[@gambitaku6179]

Hey man. Love the vids. Its really interesting 😊 I have a possible name suggestion for the big cows How about Deinotaurus

[@MuirisWalsh]

Bro, I’m loving this series keep doing this more

[@pike1294]

Loving the series so far! What do you think about Olympitherium for the megafuanal cattle? Also do you have any plans to map out the world of apollo? Looking forward to the next video!

[@cassie5248]

Big fan of the captions!

[@_wierly_animations]

I was sleeping and missed it when it came out :( Also the idea of giant giraffe like cattle seems pretty realistic in one way or another smh. Love the way you did this! Keep going!

[@quackelstheduck2040]

once again, thanks yt context

[@_Radiator_]

Love this series and love the Apollo Space Program Britannica website under it 🤣 Maybe a smaller cattle advanced to eat bugs on a smaller level would be cool? Close to frogs.

[@idle_speculation]

I believe there’s a constraint on the size of ruminants because they physically can’t eat as much food as hindgut fermenters due to slower digestion. This might be something to consider as you develop bovine megaherbivores. I’d attach a relevant paper but KZbin is really weird about posting links.

[@shanerooney7288]

1:30 "cows are already sometimes considered megafauna." * *Looks up "Knickers" the cow* * "Yeah, makes sense."

[@areallyshortbrontothere]

ITS BAAAACCCK WHAOOOOO YIPPEEEEEE

[@SeraSmiles]

For the big cow I like the name "Proceritaurus" because it means raised-cow or tall cow & it sounds like a pun

[@captaincobratgaming718]

The name for the species should be Bob!

[@crossovertrainfan8345]

2:49 spiked buffalo

[@jurassicparkdinosaurboi]

I thought of some names to: 2:49 kentroceras 4:37 chhalicotaurus

[@SashedPotato]

I think the first clades horns resembled a chandelier. They could be called Furnalocephalids, Chandelier heads. The second clade could be called Arboroformes. Tree forms, given they eat trees, but to me resemble a tree trunk as well. Additionally, would you consider ever having a cladogram for this project? If so, given its shape, I think it could be cool if the high browsers actually evolved from the smaller cows, as the large ancestral cow seemed incredibly predisposed to low browsing, as it evolved with only grass present, yet the small cows would likely be the first to obtain an upright necked position, giving they would need to reach up to tall plants first. They would then get big after, rather than already being big, and evolving to haul their massive bodies upwards.

[@arxxic7059]

I love this series! It surely has a ton of potential!

[@antonioneto9657]

Bovitherium or Taurotherium would be great names for the big elephant like bovids!

[@kawattame1203]

I'm an artist and cow lover, this is just what I needed for inspiration

[@Kmr571-l8y]

Cow lover 🤢 , wtf , isn't that food

[@SeaCheesez]

Idea for the rhino-like megafaunal cattle species: Cristaceras, meaning comb horn. Cause its horns look like combs.

[@Vombatiform2]

Minor nitpick: many of these cattle have odd blotching on their coats that isn´t possible for real cattle. Spotting always happens on a white background color. You can´t have, for example, black cattle with grey patches (heavy ticking on the white areas can give that effect tough). White areas also aren´t random. Underside of the animal tends to have more white than the top in almost all cattle with white in their coat.

[@Alien_Evolution]

I just looked it up and you're right! Thanks

[@williamayers4043]

fascinating, i never knew this much about the apollo space program.

[@pherrisfallus7259]

Really weird thought. The small cattle avoid the increasingly numerous cattle by darting amongst "trees" the trees already adapting to avoid predation. Arboreal cattle? Hoof could become hooked like that of a sloth perhaps. Would easily be something farthest removed from moden cattle

[@GreatAukEntertainment]

New year new apollo project video, you love to see it

[@jedihunter176]

If you think about it, palm trees are just a very weird form of grass that turned its upper roots into a tree trunk.

[@synsvids]

Maybe the new megafauna species (the dark one with the cobweb in its horns) could be called Spinam Caput, meaning 'Thorn Head' because its horns resemble thorns. I don't really understand how naming animals works.

[@cevatkokbudak6414]

MAN THESE LOOK DELICIOUS (Even the carnivore cattles)

[@downsidebrian]

Name for the big cow at 4:37 - columnotaurus, referring to what you described as "column-like" legs. Or maybe "columnometentus," from column and metentis, Latin for "reaper," to refer to their diet, "reaping" the grasses like a farmer harvesting wheat. "What can the harvest hope for, if not for the care of the Reaper Man?" - love me a good Pratchett quote.

[@margchannel7430]

Awesome video, a like the idea of megafauna has evolve in cattles❤

[@andiandiwrite519]

I would speculate that some of the smaller carnivores may not have entirely lost the instinct to herd, so maybe a carnivorous species that lives in groups like lions or wolves could keep the population of megafauna in balance. Love the content as always!

[@Fungal_Leech]

for the gray megafaunal cattle, I feel as though the name “Cavibuccina” (meaning “cage horn”, derived from latin) would be fitting. for the brown megafaunal cattle, I think the name “baelenabovis” (meaning “whale cow”, also derived from latin) would work well.

[@racingraptor4758]

The cattle with spiky horns could be named Alcebos Praefix (spiky Moosebull) due to its horns kinda resembling moose ones and it being overally large. Large cow could be named Magnatherium Collumlongum (Magnificent long neck beast). I love this series and seeded world overally!

[@guilhermehenriques3949]

When I was playing this evolution game "the sapling" I dicided to put animals with hands and beaks just like birds, what happened was that the first major difference on the fauna were mega fauna

[@megaspoiler]

For the one at 2:51 I suggest "Katafractarius Bovi", meaning "Armored Ox".

[@uncleirohislegendary]

The small cattle could be called….wait for it….. Mini-taurs

[@shotgunman1000]

Never mind what i was doing, i got cow evolution to watch!

[@samuelruakere7728]

I'm pretty sure if you rewatch a channels videos from time to time like a playlist or 2 videos in 1 day then youtube wont unsubscribe you so far for me this has worked

[@riohudson9612]

Since modern cows commonly use their tails to swat away flies could it be possible for some cows to evolve larger tails better built for whipping, essentially converging on diplodocid dinosaurs?

[@Afish404]

Can't wait for tree climbing cattle and maybe probably flying cattle after that

[@Liethen]

I could see hooves developing into tree sloth like claws for hanging from branches. Or imagine instead having the two large hooves evolving into big hooked blades with the two small hoof dew claws evolving into long sharp blades with more muscle to clamp with, now you have two pairs of scissors per forelimb. Not sure what a bipedal cow could do with those death clamps but it sounds brutal.

[@johnmarcrander3865]

What if there was a clade of Minofelis that evolved to be smaller to hunt insects and other small cows. I propose the name: Kitty-cattle One clade of these small cows may be called Minitaurs, and could fulfill the niches of These small cows To defend against these predators, one group of small minitaurs evolve one of their stomach chambers into a gland that lets them spit a spray of bile at their attackers.

[@NoibatFan]

The second cow species could be named Titanotaurus "titan bull", or Paterataurus "Flat bull" if they knock over tall flora.

[@king_stormhold]

For the first Munitustherium, meaning "Barricade Beast", for the second large one Obsidiotherium, meaning "Siege Beast", Both referring to defensive and attack structures, such as a great wall and a siege tower

[@thespacedinos4037]

Maybe the tiny arboreal cows could have like a closing hoof that clasps onto trees so they don't fall off?