Atomic Hook-Ups - Types of Chemical Bonds: Crash Course Chemistry #22

Atoms are a lot like us - we call their relationships "bonds," and there are many different types. Each kind of atomic relationship requires a different type of energy, but they all do best when they settle into the lowest stress situation possible. The nature of the bond between atoms is related to the distance between them and, like people, it also depends on how positive or negative they are. Unlike human relationships, we can analyze exactly what makes chemical relationships work, and that's what this episode is all about.
If you are paying attention, you will learn that chemical bonds form in order to minimize the energy difference between two atoms or ions; that those chemical bonds may be covalent if atoms share electrons, and that covalent bonds can share those electrons evenly or unevenly; that bonds can also be ionic if the electrons are transferred instead of shared: and how to calculate the energy transferred in an ionic bond using Coulomb's Law.
Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App!
Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo
Download it here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ
--
Table of Contents
Bonds Minimize Energy 01:38
Covalent Bonds 03:18
Ionic Bonds 05:37
Coulomb's Law 05:51
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at / crashcourse
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - / youtubecrashcourse
Twitter - / thecrashcourse
Instagram - / thecrashcourse
CC Kids: / crashcoursekids

[@crashcourse]

Pssst... we made flashcards to help you review the content in this episode! Find them on the free Crash Course App! Download it here for Apple Devices: apple.co/3d4eyZo Download it here for Android Devices: bit.ly/2SrDulJ

[@semuyewelookonjoo3617]

Sitrtu

[@generic_flower]

Ive decided to take AP Chem. I've signed up for death. I've decided to take AP Comp Sci at the same time. I've signed up for a very painful death

[@ricb.7067]

I will pray for you😢😂

[@daiyaanhasan2235]

Which uni?

[@erictm8144]

Actually doing the same thing this year, watching this whole series the day before the mock exam for Chemistry, already took my Comp Sci mock exam and got a 4 so I'm hoping I can get a 3 or 4 on this one

[@Wooktent]

I'm gonna bomb this AP Chem exam tomorrow. Hope you are doing well, 2-years-older version of you.

[@ultraviolet6989]

😂

[@EnderAnimals4]

everyone else: "he talks to fast" me, speed studying: *watching on 1.75 speed, with CC, losing my mind but its working*

[@Madirlblue]

Other people are complaining that you talk to fast in comments but I personally am incredibly grateful- there are so many ancient professors this website and in my lectures droning on for hours on these subjects. Thank you. The way you structure things keeps me entertained and safe from failing midterms

[@rox8516]

Madirlblue i

[@dominoscustomersupport4373]

That's so true!!! I love that he talks fast because this way he can teach tons of lessons of info into a maximum of 10-15 minutes. Way better than sitting through hours of college courses and weeks of school.

[@isabelbourke851]

Am I the only one who loves watching on x2 speed 😆

[@zetlaux]

To those saying he is too fast: some people actually think and operate at that rhythm, and finding something that delivers at their is a rare find. You can always hit replay and watch it again. Plus, the amount of chemistry he covers in under 10 minutes is super impressive. This should feel intense. This is weeks or months of college in a few minutes.

[@zetlaux]

*that delivers at their pace

[@cassandratodd6732]

I have finals tomorrow, so I'm watching as many as I can I'm still screwed

[@H4nn4hL]

Me too.. *loud sobbing*

[@evarazia9714]

Same here😢

[@ayem4542]

did your results come out yet?

[@912sonic]

Did ya pass ya goof?

[@cassandratodd6732]

912sonic I got at least a C

[@KasraChehrazi]

Everyone please stop saying talk slower... it is called crash course it is supposed to go fast, if you want it to be slow click the gear icon then hit speed and press .5, not .25. (WARNING: He will sound drunk.)

[@KasraChehrazi]

That's what I should've said XD

[@alinarodriguez9395]

+Kasra Chehrazi lol he does

[@sophiemiller5195]

+Kasra Chehrazi hahahaha I needed this

[@Oddpistachio1]

+Kasra Chehrazi It's more fun to listen to it slowed down anyway, because of this reason. haha

[@Oddpistachio1]

+Kasra Chehrazi Try listening to it on the 2 speed.

[@madalynmartin9257]

As a student in college, these videos have been so extremely helpful to re-familiarize myself with information I learned years ago in high school. Thank you SO much for providing these brief, clear, and interesting videos! They're saving my grades.

[@MikaThakkar]

This is how I study...

[@ryanoconnor8381]

I just got a 100% on my chem test because of this. Thank you so much!

[@aryanshrivastava8312]

From India? Cause it is pretty rare

[@venerablexcutioner1113]

Did it work because I plan on using this method when I resume.... (My Dad made me study)😢😢😢😢😢

[@winny6167]

@@aryanshrivastava8312 from India 🇮🇳🇮🇳🇮🇳

[@diyapudota]

@@winny6167 ayyyyyy india

[@3rkid]

At 0:13 they had Bert get married to Ernie on June 26th which is funny since that's the day in 2015 that the Supreme Court legalized same-sex marriage in the US but this video animated years before.

[@andyshelton5193]

I'm doing A level chemistry in the UK at the moment and although I've learnt a lot of this, I was watching this to gain a higher level of understanding before my test. I had so many epiphanies during this video, I now get how all the topic link! Thank you so much!!

[@esmeraldagonzalez3795]

When hank said "atoms are a lot like us" I thought "atoms are us"

[@lindseymiller8805]

+Esmeralda Gonzalez because we are toys! :) ...Oh I guess sometimes advertising still works better than education.

[@jorgepadua5802]

+Esmeralda Gonzalez We are atoms.

[@ismailmajed5555]

+Esmeralda Gonzalez He meant act like us but you got a point

[@skategarbage]

+Esmeralda Gonzalez This is the way I see it: atoms can exist without us, we can not exist without atoms... so we are atoms but atoms aren't us. He meant that atoms behave like us.

[@ismailmajed5555]

How will we live if the universe is not made up of atom

[@kaiyatiwari7233]

crash course rlly said gay rights with Bert and Ernie

[@shanewilliams7627]

Hot nerdy vampire girl in your chemistry class, it gets intense *shows picture of Marceline*😂😂😂😂😂👏🏽

[@rangarolls6018]

Hot cannot be in the same sentence as "nerdy vampire girl" I think what u meant was "eye cancer"

[@AngelSamael]

+Shane Williams not very nerdy though. Her girlfriend on the other hand...

[@sethwhittle3137]

Adventure Time is awesome!

[@classiseverything2me]

Awww thank you....this Crash Course truly saved my grade after struggling for WEEKS. You've fully explained this concept very effectively and I soooo appreciate it. AND you're HILARIOUS!!!

[@Tionaintown876]

I'm here because I didn't pay attention in chemistry class. And my exam is tomorrow.

[@themagnoliainnbedbreakfast6418]

Me too I'm trying to cram everything in my head for now

[@thepersonnooneknows]

How'd it go (I'm so late but still)

[@blakebauman6374]

@@thepersonnooneknows Hey, your name. Tell me about yourself so I can get to know you. Apparently no one knows you, and that would suck (for many people at least). My name is Blake, I like pretty much every field of science, synthwave music, exploring nature, philosophy, working out: what about yourself?

[@wgb920]

i would give you a like but u r at 100 and i dont want to be the one to break it:)

[@sameersheikh5301]

BROOOOOOOO they even included a Bert loves Ernie joke. Wow. XD.

[@assmane999]

+Golam, In Brackets Yeah, they got married. Who didn't see that coming?

[@SomesingVague]

I ship it

[@ladyrage7849]

reading through the comments like "none of you know what 'crash course' means, do you?"

[@arch2044]

I do

[@coloraturaElise]

You know that people don't actually read, don't you?

[@lloplop]

I'm screwed

[@ryandward]

+lloplop How can you be screwed? There is literally one formula.

[@10PaigeLeigh]

me too :')

[@lionking-ig5yi]

Ryan Ward the number of formula doesn't matter if one is bad at analysation

[@autumnrose3548]

I rlly appreciate the speed the videos goes at since I'm a visual learner that thinks very fast. I usually zone out or can't concentrate if anything is too slow or monotone (like my physics and chem teacher) so thank you so much. You are a lifesaver.

[@annyargh]

My bio professor just linked this for our lesson this week, jfc. Why am I paying out the butt for school when apparently I can just watch Hank Green teach me things for free?

[@vkmvk7086]

3:59 A Doofenshmirtz backstory

[@jengeorge9001]

THANK YOU THANK YOU THANK YOU!!!! You have such an amazing way of explaining things! I am currently working my way through the Biology crash course but headed over here to get better understanding of the different types of bonds... you make it so easy to understand! so again... THANK YOU!!

[@haydnsorenson1741]

Who else is here for finals?

[@joeey2162]

And that was a very discreet TFIOS reference I saw there...

[@tnttiger3079]

his brother wrote the book, if you didnt know.

[@carlalvares9218]

I thought you were joking and then i looked it up

[@asitas]

I love it when people realise in the comments that the crash course John Green and the author John Green are same 😂😂

[@guitaro5000]

This is actually more complicated than a lecture from school.

[@oliverwalter2850]

agree

[@jamessobieski6841]

because he's putting all the info you might learn in a week into 9 minutes

[@jacobburger2057]

James Sobieski *week Trololololol

[@justbunnybro7363]

if you want to retain and understand the information from his videos then you may want to have the Pause button ready and some notes you may ultimately be spending 30 minutes on a 10 minute video but you'll have truly learned something and have notes to look back to. at this point in CrashCourse Chemistry it's not covering standard HS Chemistry or CHEM 101

[@Lisagb3]

JustBunnyBro this is stuff you learn in college in the premed/for majors courses -someone who is taking those courses

[@maymiscalculate7859]

Thanks for getting me an A! because my teacher can't teach...

[@XPimKossibleX]

6:13 that sneaky annotation though. good job editor.

[@majorgeek8135]

Can you guys make math videos?

[@sm_r-ig4mi]

watch Big Shaq - Man's Not Hot. Theres lots of *quick* maths for u

[@youre_totally_right_but_]

They have statistics now

[@hausalightbourne5071]

Your passion and comical nature give chemistry a great flavor. Love your videos.

[@emmiethedoodle14]

If he's talking too fast turn on the subtitles it's so much better! And if you're taking notes, turn on the subtitles and pause when something important pops up!

[@TheAmethystStar101]

"Augustus is in a relationship with Hazel." 3:45 pm, Jan. 10th, 2012 (xD hahahha Hank) 0:12

[@myleschandler3951]

I was waiting for a comment like this

[@knobtwista]

Thank you for existing, Hank & Co! This helped me study fore a test I have soon!

[@cindyqin4762]

me hitting the replay button for the 2 millionth time:

[@WiseWik]

Thank you so much Hank and whole CC team! I finally start to like and respect chemistry which I use to hate in school.

[@dominique7784]

Honestly enjoyed this video and understood more after i was done watching. I watched this in my chemistry class and i'm re watching it for my final. I would recommend taking notes on the video for a quick and easy summary. I put the subtitles on which made it easier, changing the speed to something slower may also help others who think the video is to fast.

[@flow4458]

Dude! I'm studying chemistry and we've been talking about bonds for weeks now. I've been watching every video on the internet and stayed uninformed. Finally I thought "hey, wasn't that channel kinda cool when you were having finals?" and just clicked on this video. I need to admit that even though I am not even living in an English speaking country, this video has been the one that explained most. Isn't that sad? You're doing a great job! And as I've already said: I ain't living in an English speaking country and the pace was just great!

[@TheFireflyGrave]

Coming in 2016: Crash Course Relationships.

[@sudhamshusuri1844]

2018 mate still waiting for it

[@collegepenetration1968]

2019 is on its way. What gives?

[@baozelin245]

@@collegepenetration1968 2019 is here, 2020 is our best hope now

[@beshoybahaa150]

@@baozelin245 lol

[@szbbhc]

2019 is nrly gone, surely ill stop being lonely in 2020

[@chadbierman8058]

I remember watching this a year ago when I was taking biology realizing it was for chemistry, and now here I am in chemistry watching it again!

[@robertmoore107]

CrashCourse is my favorite youtube channel. So many videos on so many different subjects!!

[@ninawithann]

why would anyone thumbs down a crash course video???? these are so helpful!

[@panizsalehi1968]

Another reason why we call “Love” chemistry :) it’s just fascinating!

[@0olong]

I like how he says 'we often say that an ionic bond is formed from the transfer of electrons from one atom to another', rather than suggesting that this is actually how ionic bonds form (it really isn't, on the whole). Subtle, but somehow comforting.

[@cvwxk]

I like how you went in depth of the different bonds! It helped me so much thanks!

[@zpolygon95]

I wish I had this when I took chem... Hank explains EVERY topic so much more comprehensively than my chem teacher (who may have never actually learned the subject herself)

[@kenil3469]

These videos are getting me through high school, thank you!

[@GhostRaven]

I love these videos. What you guys are doing here is amazing and absolutely necessary.

[@bonniewu6155]

幸好有字幕，感谢，化学老师上课就是很喜欢放这位仁兄的教学短片，thx!!!!

[@POTATOCHOCOLATE13]

I am tired just listening to you!!!! I have an exam tomorrow and I am so glad we only covered the minimum on ionic and covalent bonds!

[@Zoe-ye6dy]

I'm crying. We had a sub in Chemistry today and she put this on and I literally screamed and she looked at me like I was crazy. I was on the verge of tears I was so excited omg

[@omarpinon2973]

Zoe I would too wtf

[@rajeshzambani3678]

Zoe wht made u excited

[@jamesecroyd]

Zoe Jesus Chris you sound insufferable

[@sakurasraven]

I love these so much! They're a great help when studying for exams!!!

[@dalejerden4330]

Thank you for all of the videos, they are great!

[@michaeltank1587]

You and John are this AP Students Life Saver!

[@MiscellaneousMush]

"We here at crash course do not dispense relationship advice." Can't say the same for John in his World History series. xD

[@geeway5923]

link? for a friend, I mean

[@joeytje50]

Wow, that was really informative! Thanks a lot for the explanation!

[@nerdsshalldominate]

Thanks, Hank! This helped a lot!!!

[@thomasjacquet3449]

Hello ! Thank you for your work, it helps me a lot even if I'm french I manage to follow. Even if you are all speedy ^^ Could you make a video on the complexation reactions ? Thanks, keep up the good work =D !

[@vinq8621]

Do not think you tricked me @ 0:58 to 0:59, Crash Course

[@davidvillacrez]

Vince Lombardi exposed

[@skt8929]

Vince Lombardi jump cut

[@claudiavilla3794]

you make my learning much better and easier,thank you for doing this videos It is fast,it's a crash course:)

[@channel11ful]

Well done... you guys are doing great work!!!!!

[@ryoutakise9429]

that hot vampire nerdy girl is marceline (from adventure time) hahahha...hank you're the best in making boring things fun.

[@ayedriamiller1395]

Ryouta Kise I'm so glad I'm not the only one that noticed that lol

[@MegaFittie]

I SAW THAT GUS AND HAZEL REFERENCE AT THE START HANK ;_;

[@els_venturing]

So useful!! Thank you Crash Course!! Have they done an episode in metallic bonding?

[@anidioy4085]

Thank you so much 🙏 this channel is an actual life saver!

[@huntertheprotogen]

"Augustus is in a relationship with Hazel." 0:12 You thought you could just reference your brother's book and not have me notice Hank??

[@lexihenderson135]

I do not study for my Chem tests, I watch crash course 😍

[@AcademicGainTutorials]

great video content. keep up the hard work.

[@jaydenjiang2767]

I love the way that he teaches, but also humorous

[@hiarchie]

Hank: *"atoms are a lot like us"* Me, an intellectual: *"atoms ARE us"*

[@ethankurtzvideos]

At 5:57 seconds you can see an iron man falling columbs tuber

[@claudekennedy7855]

These videos are SO helpful, you dont understand. We cannot thank you enough.

[@taniatrinidad5854]

amo este canal, explica tan bien

[@appocalypse2806]

2:25 Marceline the vampire queen from adventure time?

[@MasterGamer2853]

YESSS SOMEONE NOTICED

[@dominoscustomersupport4373]

Yay it wasn’t just me that got hyped

[@applebone3254]

amazing world of gumball better

[@coldestsun2095]

@@dominoscustomersupport4373 no

[@diyapudota]

JAKE THE DOG AND FINN THE HUMAN LIVE TOGETHER AS ONE ADVENTURE TIME

[@MakeMeThinkAgain]

The metallic bond didn't get any love here.

[@milanstevic8424]

that's an ionic bond made up with metal ions

[@MK-fo3ec]

@@milanstevic8424 im so confused please explain 🙏

[@MK-fo3ec]

@@milanstevic8424 im so confused please explain

[@milanstevic8424]

@@MK-fo3ec metallic bond = ionic bond made up with metal ions in other words, all metallic bonds are ionic bonds. not every ionic bond is a metallic one. nothing to be confused about.

[@Noor-bk1on]

@@milanstevic8424 Someone can be confused about something, if they don't have the right understanding of the material.

[@martinji1000]

These videos are so helpful and hilarious, Thank you! :)

[@JTRKX]

Very clear and interesting video! These vids help me study so I'm in love

[@ElBounch]

minute 4:00 CHILDHOOD TRAUMA ALERT!!!

[@1901180108]

If your textbook doesn't talk about bond length, you probably don't have to worry about it for the test. I wish you the best of luck with your class! :)

[@maxineuddyback4377]

This just helped me understand all my notes and my textbook I feel ready for my test tomorrow 👊🏾

[@AranelAlassiel]

Hey, that's an awesome fundamental question! If you go back and watch the CC episode on electrons, Hank explains how electrons reside in different energy states--shells contain subshells, which contain orbitals. Most atoms abide by either the octet or the duet rule. The principle for each remains the same: in order to gain maximum stability (lowest energetic state), an electron may be gained or lost to fill up or diminish the overflow of a shell. This is why the electrons don't re-transfer. :)

[@ninaklaser7162]

Can you do a video on hybridization and valence bond theory?

[@milliebysh526]

Wow...... TFIOS and Twilight references AND complicated Chemistry??? This is what I call GCSE revision :D

[@kdavies1565]

I really like the checklist/summary at the end of these videos, it's a well needed checkup to make sure i haven't forgotten anything (i tend to daydream, nothing against the videos, just me)

[@Sid37612]

Awesome. I actually grasped everything Hank said!

[@warri7948]

7:25 "The NaCl bond is, in fact, quite strong" places NaCl into water instantly dissolves, bond breaks XD

[@okkh4985]

Me: struggling with Honors chemistry and doesn’t know how to study

[@Luvme4ever31459]

This is fantastic. 3 finals the last 3 days and crash course helped me with all of them.

[@bananacanada25]

THANKS HANK GREEN THESE VIDEOS REALLY HELPED ME A LOT FOR MY AP BIO CLASS!!!

[@kraziiass]

O.o I kinda got lost and spaced out while he was talking yet I understand what he is trying to say at the same time. cool video XD

[@gol.drodger5261]

No you didn't why lie.

[@kraziiass]

-_- how would you know?

[@gol.drodger5261]

Nah am playing just wanted to get your attention You on Instagram?

[@kraziiass]

o: No.............lol

[@gol.drodger5261]

I'm in need of a way to contact you tho 😩😩😩

[@javierbarron242]

I so fucking love these guys! Thabks a lot! And if it works for you in some way, i dont think that was a lot of information, it was all clear!

[@Derpsii]

Javier Barron **Thanks**

[@kalyanisrivastava1780]

WHY THE PROFANITY

[@mkjonas5932]

This channel has always been the best

[@Juniorall]

I cant believe this video has only 1.4M views, that's about as many times I have seen it. Awesome video btw.

[@Hi-wb6fh]

Omg i saw MARCILYN! Adventure time's the best

[@Grizzlydoink]

What’s up quarantine squad 😎

[@jennamallette4491]

this helped me so much studying tonight!!!! thank you!!!

[@proknight6647]

This is great. Go Crash Course Team

[@memr1a]

seeing laina in 2019 makes me feel somewhat nostalgic lmao

[@shaboatrad4066]

Guess I'm the only one watching it all cause I love chemistry!!!

[@adityakaul4890]

I am here too for that... Day after tomorrow is my Sanskrit Term Exam.....I don't know why am I watching this...

[@rajatkamalpolisety2864]

YOU DO SANSKRIT TO? lol srry caps :D

[@Shimamon27]

I watch for fun

[@olivia6873]

My love for chemistry decreased greatly earlier today when I was told about my test, which is taking place tomorrow

[@shao2959]

No! There's loads of ppl that loves chem and is watching this for that reason.

[@VSPG_SIVANI]

We are bonded the strongest with CC, Hank. Hats off for you and your videos.

[@nithainthavong]

So much information in such compressed time.