Biomedicine: Crash Course History of Science #34

[@nirvanachile24]

Thank you SO MUCH for not skipping Unit 731. The atrocities by Japan are so often overlooked. They were maybe worse than the Nazis and we gave them immunity, but no one seems to care.

[@mankytoes]

By "no one" I assume you mean Westerners. Chinese people definitely care.

[@nirvanachile24]

@@mankytoes Yes, you are right. I meant here in America. We don't talk about the Japanese in WWII enough. What they did to the Chinese was awful.

[@Jason_Maier]

From what I've read; some of the things Unit 731 did even managed to shock Joseph Mengele!

[@BDWANNEMACHER]

I am also very glad that they discussed it. I feel they didn't spend enough time on it but the fact that it was mentioned that all is a bonus I guess

[@Roger-vo5lu]

Indeed, it seems like everybody, expect the Chinese and Korean, who suffered it, havr completely forgotten the horrible and disgusting crimes the Japanese Empire have committed

[@RangerRuby]

*Hank:* "Who's ready for more WWII science? No? No one?" *Me:* "ME!ME!ME! GIMME MORE CRASH COURSE!"

[@ultimateo621]

Ranger Ruby Sub to PewDiePie

[@nerdfighter2004]

@@ultimateo621 yes, my fellow scientific 9 years old

[@Biomeducated]

Me too! Despite its sinister character, WWII was such an acceleration for science & technology. I always think it's worthwhile to know the background of something. Helps put things in perspective!

[@ronnocthethird8806]

I’m allergic to penicillin, which I ALSO found out when I took them and became a giant puff as well

[@darthmortus5702]

A lot of people are, that is why the doctors and nurses urge you to sit a while after a shot, so as to be nearby if an anaphylactic shock occurs. Ofc I am sure you know this but saying for the benefit of others, I take it they just give you a different class of antibiotics instead of penicillin but that still sucks to have.

[@SomethingStrange1579]

Wishing everyone a beautiful and productive week

[@jonesmarcell2390]

Beautiful maby, productive. ..................... Probably not lol

[@harrietharlow9929]

This is the second Crash Course: History of Science I've watched and wow! Very well done, informative and engaging, And one of my favourite hosts from Scishow, Hank. A total win-win!

[@eriree1270]

biomedicine is what i’m majoring in ☺️

[@crashcourse]

Oh excellent! I hope you love it and have a great time :D - Nick J.

[@munsorp]

Sameeeeee. 😂I had an exam about this a few days ago, but it's still interesting

[@HannahHinze]

Excellent! Study hard, and then go out there and change the world! 💪✨

[@brendancskinner]

Lucky, good for you :)

[@Biomeducated]

You go girl! :D

[@nantukoprime]

As the child of a Type I, brittle diabetic, insulin shock and the following insulin coma is what you are trying to avoid. I cannot watch the scene showing the therapy in 'A Beautiful Mind' as I just picture my father being the recipient. It is a slower and less discriminate method of lobotomy. Your body is deciding what parts you need to survive till you are able to raise your blood sugar levels, and memory and higher cognitive functions are just not the priority. It is why the patient has to be strapped down. Science progresses, and scientists need the reminders that sometimes a solution is biased or limited by their current understanding. Thus, implementing the solution should be done with great care.

[@Biomeducated]

What a fantastic historical overview! I'm geeking out BIG TIME! Biomedicine

[@maexvi9095]

I'm not even studying biomedicine but I was so deeply fascinated.

[@bennolee348]

The idea of 40,000 people getting lobotomized is a little haunting

[@sukantasaha5678]

Or could I say, it's a little "mind boggling"?

[@ahmeddaboi5732]

@@sukantasaha5678 Underrated

[@BubblewrapHighway]

Especially the manner through which it happened: "We went through the top of the head, I think she was awake. She had a mild tranquilizer. I made a surgical incision in the brain through the skull. It was near the front. It was on both sides. We just made a small incision, no more than an inch." The instrument Dr. Watts used looked like a butter knife. He swung it up and down to cut brain tissue. "We put an instrument inside", he said. As Dr. Watts cut, Dr. Freeman asked Rosemary some questions. For example, he asked her to recite the Lord's Prayer or sing "God Bless America" or count backwards. ... . "We made an estimate on how far to cut based on how she responded." . ... . When she began to become incoherent, they stopped."

[@TheMattastic]

"Unfotunately one medical pioneer was not treated with this respect." Me: Really? Was he black or something? "African American surgeon Charles Drew..."

[@columbus8myhw]

I looked up some pictures of him, and it turns out that black and white photos make it really hard to see someone's race

[@Roger-vo5lu]

@@columbus8myhw He wasn't actually black, he was mixed, but under the segregation laws he was considered black and discriminated for "having black ancestry"

[@oh_kay2954]

Roger I mean, either way he’s half black 🤷🏽‍♀️ I wouldn’t expect any racist to care if someone was only half the race they hate.

[@BubblewrapHighway]

It's a bit funny when some racists argue that whites are somehow divine or blessed with more knowledge or morality. Does that mean mixed raced folks are half divine? Another question, do white racists deify people with albinism? Who's whiter than them? This is how you take a depressing historical perspective and make it kinda fun. : P

[@martinen6197]

just got accepted in my course for biomedicine and this came up in my subscription 🤩

[@kimberlymartinez4067]

The history of lobotomy and how it was was performed on so many people is insane! This video was so intriguing.

[@anacano8685]

I am studying biomedicine!!! I LOVE IT.

[@Biomeducated]

Fantastic to hear!

[@zlatko8051]

Also rest in peace Charles,although you were not able to protect the sick with your studies and discoveries ,the future does now,your legacy is secured.

[@hedgehog3180]

Penicillin should probably be congratulated as one of the greatest heroes of WWII, it's mass introduction and use by the allies probably saved thousands on D-day. It's probably one of the most optimistic parts about WWII, the introduction of this new medicine was truly a miracle that probably did more than any weapon to win the war.

[@camiloiribarren1450]

Oh yeah! Medicine is my field of interest and I can’t wait. Thanks, Hank

[@kevinm9191]

YOU GUYS HELP ME SOO MUCH! THANKS CRASH COURSE I LOVE YOUR VIDEOS.

[@jonesmarcell2390]

Your welcome lol

[@ultimateo621]

Sub to PewDiePie

[@zeinalmassry1599]

What is happiness? Hearing Hank explaining everything from chemistry till history 💜 Good stuff is yet come😂😂

[@ultimateo621]

My grandmother founded the Johns Hopkins institute of bioethics, and my grandfather is a philosopher of bioethics.

[@LadyDragonpro]

THANK YOU SO MUCH YOU HELPED ME WITH MY HOMEWORK AND IM SO GONNA PASS THE TEST TOMORROW!!!!!!

[@kateobrien1943]

HANK! I am also allergic to sulfas. You are the first other person that I know that has this. I know LOTS of people who are allergic to penicillin, but not sulfas. I also have to limit intake of processed meats and certain kinds of wine due to sulphur compounds. I don't turn into a giant puff - my pancreas freaks out and I get itchy. No fun at all!

[@roakes1956]

Howard Florey was an Australian (born in Adelaide).

[@ΝίκοςΓιαννόπουλος-λ5θ]

Keep up the good work Hank and thank you for all the amazing content you've been sharing with us

[@unleashingpotential-psycho9433]

I love the value from this channel! 🔥

[@iainmackley]

Mildly annoyed that there was a Caduceus instead of a Rod of Asclepius on Charles Drew's gravestone at 8:32. The Caduceus isn't actually used that much by medical professionals, and was symbol of the god Hermes, who was as much a god of medicine as an insurance agent is a medical doctor.

[@olaruud9366]

This misconception is so common that in modern usage i suspect it is no longer really separated.

[@balisong46]

By professionals it is, but by the common man that is an accurate statement. Lots of shady "medical" businesses use the caduceus unknowing that (ironically) it is a symbol of tricksters. For the US Army it came from printers iconography in medical textbooks. Although, I say its accurate... "Yeah you're good. Just take some Motrin and drink water."

[@BubblewrapHighway]

I had no idea what the Caduceus or Rod of Asclepius were before reading this comment, so learning is definitely a lifelong process. Thanks!

[@JM-us3fr]

I wish there were more moral wins like this one.

[@Zikiss]

Alway very interesting to watch and don't feel guilty for not studying instead!

[@MakeMeThinkAgain]

It's interesting that you didn't mention streptomycin. If it weren't for streptomycin and the drugs that followed, something that treated tuberculosis would be one of the first things covered.

[@rsr789]

Paul Ehrlich also won a Nobel Prize in Physiology / Medicine for his contributions to immunology in 1908.

[@luccamarcal4119]

There seems to be a misconception in Drew’s grave, where there is a Caduceus, that is, actually, not the symbol for medicine but for commerce, instead of the Rod of Asclepius, the greek good of medicine (the mythology behind him is amazing, recommended for everyone who reads this). I see a lot of confusion regarding the symbol for medicine, which, as a Brazilian med student, makes me a little sad, because the symbol is purposely chosen to be the symbol of the god of medicine as a reminder that, as much as physicians are dedicated to their jobs, death is not a thing for mortals to control, that, so far, there has never been someone that died and came back to life. Beautiful symbology.

[@surfie007]

I just started studying a Bachelor of Biomedical Science

[@ga8740]

How's it going? :)

[@axiomnetworkconjecture1822]

The study of Cause and effect is interesting.

[@roryokane5907]

Woo! St Mary’s! Nice to see the alma mater get name-dropped on Crash Course! :D

[@hedgehog3180]

I think it should also be mentioned that it turned out that most of the research done by the Nazis and Imperial Japan was worthless because of poor methodology, data was often changed to align with ideas of racial superiority and the people used in the first place were often sick and malnourished meaning that they don't represent healthy patients. For example it's pretty obvious that a well fed person is going to deal with cold better. And of course a lot of their theories were just really bad which again makes their research worthless. People try to justify these experiments with "at least we got data out of it" but in reality we didn't even do that and in reality the lesson is that science done without a consideration for ethics is worthless.

[@ThZuao]

Glad you didn't left out Unit 731. People seem to forget Japan was as bad, if not worse than Nazi Germany; I believe for the sake of supporting the "USA bad" narrative because of those two nukes. But let's not forget that Eugenics, or at least the populational control bit, was commonplace and advocated for in the scientific comunity, basically for Malthusian motives. Germany just happened to take it to the next level and actually do it, basing their whole existential philosophy around it and spicing it up with some Genocide, then lose a war aghainst basically the whole damn planet.

[@kaylaschwartz8697]

So glad for multiple antibiotics. my twin is allergic to penicillin and and I'm sulfa intolerant.

[@notasitseems1]

I’m allergic to Sulfa drugs too! I got a mild rash as a toddler and I haven’t pushed my luck since.

[@lukelebar3657]

One of your future videos should be on Norman Borlaug and the Green Revolution!

[@DragoniteSpam]

I literally did not hear of Unit 731 until about an hour ago when someone brought it up in passing, and now I hear about it again from here. the universe is trying to tell me something, I guess.

[@adrielleal9302]

Unfortunately, being biomedical in Brazil is very difficult. Own experience.

[@fionafiona1146]

Biomedical what? ... Can we blame colonial structures or Nazis?

[@Biomeducated]

You mean as a student, or professionally?

[@kieranmcgarvey6792]

`Hank is awesome.

[@richardseymour3399]

I too discovered my allergy to sulfas. I was in Guatemala and learned in Spanish (not my native language).

[@billytrespassers3123]

God bless morphine (I just had back surgery)

[@theghostofchristmaspast293]

Darwin and Mendel together...I want that episode NOW.

[@kiralyneonthemoon966]

3:43 he did surgery on a grape(fruit)

[@griffdog8233]

Sick! It’s finally out!

[@whynotgp1058]

Hank, i can't handle 2 videos of you at the same time, where is my tiny brain supposed to store all of this ?

[@umuwi]

yess i love science history

[@caitlinsmith5075]

Howard Florey was Australian btw (enough buildings at my uni were named after him that I know this!)

[@jonesmarcell2390]

Wow I've never been early to one of his vids

[@neilcidial-masrysandagesid7796]

3:30 ~ Mental Disorder. ~ First time i ever recoiled at my own words. Disorder > not Disease. Context and History of kill those who are stressed by reality.... kind of sensitive at the suggestion that there could ever be any word after mental, and why would mental ever be an illness? I've 32x32 and about 5'8", no matter how tall someone is, i think some other man, i like being me more than being them.

[@hassenfepher]

Thank you Geneva convention.

[@holysmokes4493]

I've never been so early. Thanks for the vids guys.

[@jonesmarcell2390]

Love your vids

[@laniariies]

oh heck yeah im just about to sign up for a biomed premajor

[@DaDunge]

4:10 I could have told you that from the statement that it was first invented in Europe in the 1930s and then spread to the US.

[@jargonr3d32]

"A Giant Puff" is that the medical term for it?

[@edwardwoods2991]

Hank what kind of degree(s) do you have? I'm just curious to know if you have a speciality because I see you discussing such a vast array of subjects.

[@hedgehog3180]

I believe he has a degree in journalism? I think he has taken some science subjects IIRC and that's why he runs sci-show, crash course and is a host on PBS Eons among other things.

[@charlestucker1949]

Bro same on the allergic to sulfas BS and becoming a “giant puff” 😂😂😂

[@jorialjiran3362]

i can imagine this viedeo going up to 10000000000 or more views

[@Mateusmirandda]

Amazing!

[@LorathZ]

Please give us pics of Hank the Giant Puff over on hankschannel!

[@DuranmanX]

It took people over 2000 years to finally understand the Hippocratic Oath

[@hedgehog3180]

Well I mean not quite, there are still populations that doctors will happily abuse in spite of evidence and ethics. In Europe and Japan sterilizing trans people is still common so eugenics is still alive and well.

[@ekbergiw]

4:44 "because Nazis" has become too confusing as an explanation

[@maddie9602]

I agree. The phrasing leaves it unclear if Domagk was forced by the Nazis to give up his Nobel Prize (which, on looking it up, I found to be the case), or if the prize was rescinded for him being a Nazi (which he does not appear to have been from a cursory reading). That is a very important distinction to make.

[@ekbergiw]

@@maddie9602 Did you see if he was he given his Nobel back after the Nazis were defeated?

[@maddie9602]

@@ekbergiw According to Wikipedia (so don't take this as Gospel), he received the prize itself in 1947, but not the monetary award as too much time had elapsed.

[@ekbergiw]

@@maddie9602 lol nice, at least he was still alive

[@fionafiona1146]

It was all ways "confusing" but telling about how unfathomable many things they were involved in used to be.

[@geoffreywinn4031]

Educational!

[@ChessMasteryOfficial]

*Every man should lose a battle in his youth, so he does not lose a war when he is old. @*

[@HopeSeeker00]

OMG THANK YOU

[@stuartscherer8780]

AAAHHH I'm also allergic to sulfas this was super interesting.

[@Lincolnt4]

I've been waiting!

[@adamk1305]

Where did #33 go?

[@jipbroens6692]

Does economy count as sciense?

[@GustavoSilva-ny8jc]

10:21 OH. MY. GOD.

[@iamwei968]

Brazil here?

[@TheUglyGnome]

8:47 Unlike creationist propaganda claims, Nazi eugenics was mostly based on Lamarckian evolution, not Darwinian one. In matter of fact, Darwin's books were banned in Nazi Germany.

[@hedgehog3180]

I mean Darwin was very clearly anti-racist, he started out believing what was pretty common at the time but through his travels he become a dedicated abolitionist and also strongly argued that all humans are equal, basically saying that anyone who didn't think so was an idiot. While by our standards his ideas were pretty standard in his day they were rather progressive, it's just a shame that he didn't live long enough to stop Social Darwinism.

[@BrownRiceBunny1]

Yeah he already did an episode on eugenics.

[@franciscovega3435]

Charles Drew was probably killed.

[@KeatonBrandt]

I want that shirt, where do I get that shirt?

[@AccidentalNinja]

"A giant puff." Sounds cute.

[@zacharyzancanelli780]

And yet the Tuskegee Syphilis study happened...

[@mankytoes]

Yeah I was a little surprised that one didn't get a mention.

[@hedgehog3180]

@David Rea That was mentioned in the video, this wasn't.

[@DaDunge]

10:45 And almost immideatly regretted it because the data of both the Japanese and German horror shows were pretty much worthless, they had more in common with a kid frying ants with a magnifying glass than with the meticulous scientific process. Curious sadism rather than true exploration of the universe.

[@VOLKOV9]

Where can I get that shirt.

[@leonardo9259]

Chom choms

[@crashcourse]

Old school Crash Course reference. I like it :D - Nick J.

[@nerdfighter2004]

I like chom choms 🍌

[@meatharbor]

Sulfa-allergic giant puffs UNITE!

[@nicholeroberts8988]

interesting

[@Benny4236]

Howard Florey was an Australian pharmacologist! Not an Englishman! Which might only be important to other native Adelaidians...

[@raaifmollah]

Whoop, hopefully 🤞🏾

[@maxmusterman3371]

there are no more lobotomys but there is cutting the corpus colossum

[@deniseglines1705]

And removing sections of the brain, if it helps control seizures. Just like electroshock therapy, these methods should be used carefully, but they can have positive results.

[@user-pj5yc5rs8k]

ahh thx for this

[@simplymortified]

Florey was Australian.

[@mennehgambia1962]

oh yeah yeah

[@saltyzebra6489]

I'm allergic to sulfas too!

[@justcallmeSheriff]

Still waiting to hear what research papers and advances in medicine came from the Nazi and Japanese experiments on prisoners. Always remember to ask for that when apologists try to defend their actions.

[@LuoJi784]

Sword of Tauberg Not to be a "apologist" but the hypothermia experiments performed at Dachau have been referenced 45 times decades after by numerous institutions such as the University of Minnesota. Facts are facts baby :p

[@melodyjade6854]

the giant puff thing made me snort

[@Someone-cr8cj]

Someone make a Puff Hank channel. NOW

[@zhubajie6940]

Here come the fruit flies!!!

[@AncientAccounts]

Insert comment by big youtubers for exposure

[@barbarazhang1104]

Oh I just want to be a Green!

[@stabloona468]

*OH YEAH YEAH*

[@Gold161803]

They did surgery on a grapefruit

[@Minecraftable1107]

Nicu