Early Programming: Crash Course Computer Science #10

[@RaymondHng]

This 9-and-a-half-minute video takes 69,843,491 bytes of storage as an MP4 file. If we were to store that file on punch cards using only eight rows (one for each bit), it will take 873,044 punch cards. Since each card is 0.007 inches thick, the stack of cards will be 6,111.308 inches high, 509.276 feet tall, or 437 boxes of cards at 2,000 cards per box. A card reader reading at 1,000 cards per minute, will take 873.044 minutes or 14.55 hours to read 873,044 punch cards. But instead of wasting four rows, let's use use all twelve rows of the card. Then we can store 120 bytes per card. This video will take 582,030 punch cards, stacked 4,074.21 inches high, 339.5 feet tall, or 292 boxes of cards. That's a lot of trees. And it will take 9.7 hours to read them.

[@Lexyvil]

And to think that was only less than 50 years ago. That's crazy.

[@rudylikestowatch]

I know,right? Grade 9 in 1980 we still used punch cards. 1982 we had "real" computers.

[@typograf62]

I used paper tape in 1977 to around 1979, perhaps. The high school (not the Danish term) had a shared computer with the neigbouring business high school. 16 KB of ram, 2 KB for each user. I feel old now, perhaps I am. I seem to remember it being a Swedish computer of some sort. It was unusable for about a week - some fool had hit a connector in the wall and made it short. In a far away room. I remember discussing with the math teacher and the physics teacher their badly written programs. In fact they just wanted them to be simple. I was kind of lucky to get access to the computer in 1977 as I really was not a student there yet, I was far to young. But a few of us asked - please. Sure, you're welcome.

[@aidanprattewart]

omfg we had computers *half a century* ago? that's crazy. this field is sooo old.

[@TheNoobPube]

Imagine 50 years from now!

[@TheSmokeySpartacus]

This series is one big "Aaaaah thats how it works" "Ooooooh now i get it" "Really is that how its done?" Super awesome!

[@keerthivasanb7931]

Yes, these series is great. but i find they don't always explain enough to make you understand it fully(crash course!) Nevertheless, I look up on terms and concepts from these that intrigue me & in the process, find other great articles and blogs And doing this awesomely supplements this series

[@bigbruh8305]

And then you forget 80% of it after a long time... how sad

[@madson-web]

Trust me, never try to find how nuclear power generator works. Spoilers: Disappointing.

[@doombuddha]

These never feel long enough. It's such an enjoyable series.

[@WiseWik]

couldn't agree more!

[@ashtonc1]

I would suggest that you check out the channel called "Ben Eater." He does educational videos like this one but with greater length and much more detail.

[@CRBarchager]

That's kinda sad.

[@bul188]

This guy is amazing, thank you!

[@tonyjak2797]

Donnie Reesse I couldn't agree more

[@andysartz]

This series is simply mind-blowing! It's crazy to see just how much we take for granted nowadays. Looking forward to the next episode!

[@MetaBloxer]

I can visualize people at KZbin hastily swapping plugboards and changing wires when I click a video.

[@andrewmarkham]

Turns out that's the REAL reason it buffers so much...

[@MetaBloxer]

*youTube recieves a takedown notice* "Welp, better get the hatchet"

[@luizmonad777]

200 servers for Videos, 20000000 servers for taking take down notices. If it were me, I'd just cat DMCA > /dev/null fsck /dev/copyright better yet. dd if=/dev/random of=/dev/copyright

[@aonoymousandy7467]

MetaBloxer that would be true if current technology was equivalent to 1950s, but you should actually be picturing electrons running through countless circuits at KZbin servers

[@jrex0522]

@@aonoymousandy7467 he was making a joke i think

[@michaelcain9324]

This series is excellent. I wanted to learn about computers-I’m very behind and 50 yrs old-and this has been a great beginning/history of. Thank you!

[@Supermunch2000]

This series is delightful. Thank you CrashCourse and Carrie Anne!

[@KrazyKaiser]

Computer Science is Magic. You're a wizard, Carrie!!!

[@ashrafalsharafi7674]

I'm watching your series while I'm learning to simulate an 8-bit CPU and this course helps me a lot , I don't think I would be able to finish with out it , so inspiring , thanks a lot for this golden playlist

[@easymac79]

My brain is melting from all I've learned in this series.

[@pooja05rejoice]

Can't Thank enough for the graphics and pictures as background while Carey explains .. Great Work . Great source for learning

[@Yosi-Berman]

Can I just say Computer Science is my new favorite Crash Course. Having 3 CC up at the same time is also amazing BTW.

[@StrlessXbow]

"Giggle bite -- seven of the eight siblings Joseph Jacquard had died before becoming adults" That's some dark humour right there.

[@CrazedsHideout]

My great uncle used to work in Chicago running the machines that read punch cards. He told me that they'd keep the windows open while the computer was running year-round in order to cool them off, but they had to close them again before they left to avoid thieves and animals getting in. Then winter came around and one guy forgot to shut one of the windows. Everyone came in the next morning to a sea of broken glass from all the vacuum tubes that exploded from the cold. Meanwhile, 60-70 years later, I left my computer in my car overnight since I didn't feel like dragging it in through the snow because I was tired. Worst thing that happened was that it was a little slow until it warmed up again the next day. We have come a long way, friends.

[@superdrag65]

This may be my favorite Crash Couse series yet. So well explained and engaging. Thanks for the great work.

That's the rason I'm watching this amazing CC. I love programming, but I belive every professional must learn way beyond hia/her scope. Always learn. to the core! And this series is helping so much.

[@__donez__]

I'm glad the little window addressed the pronunciation of Neumann, because in physics I've always pronounced it the non-anglicised way.

[@phlsnst5882]

One of the best episodes so far! Got so many of my questions answered!

[@CephaloG0D]

The best series in KZbin currently.

[@unvergebeneid]

A former prof of mine once told me how they used to immediately know the finger position for each octal digit to punch data into their computers back in the day. If you look at the picture of the Altair 8800, its bits are also arranged in groups of three. So that's why octal has this important role to this day, even though everybody uses hex these days.

[@BertGrink]

I think we all owe the Green brothers a big thank for starting all these awesome channels! (vlogbrothers, mental floss, scishow, crash course)

[@Skelpolu]

The cliffhanger on this one ... Hope they'll assemble their next episode very soon.

[@MakeMeThinkAgain]

I hope she's going to work up from machine language. Or down to.

[@BertGrink]

+MakeMeThinkAgain Machine Language, or M/C as it's often called, was actually shown briefly in this episode, in the clip with the Altair where it was shown how it was programmed by throwing switches and storing the binary values into memory. Next step up is using Hex(adecimal), and after that, we come to assembly language where each CPU instruction is symbolised by a short sequence of letters.

[@MakeMeThinkAgain]

Perhaps I'm wrong, but I think of Machine Language and assembly as being native to the processor where compiled languages are a level of abstraction higher. All my languages were interpreted.

[@0LoneTech]

MakeMeThinkAgain That came later, with portable programming languages (C was a pioneer in this, created as a portable systems language for writing a portable operating system). Even high level languages frequently hold architectural details, such as LISP instructions CAR and CDR, or the absence of bit rotation in C.

[@jeremysmith7176]

Will we see the Rear Admiral next time?

[@ssaftler]

That bit about toggle switches brings me back about 45 years to my first programming job. I was writing a device driver for a device that we were told would be compatible with the Data General minicomputer we were using, although there was no working driver available. I was flummoxed by the machine hanging every time the driver was invoked. I finally had to single step my driver code on the front panel to figure out where and why the hang occurred. One of a hundred memories I have from my early years (late 1970s into the 1980s) of programming!

[@olivierbegassat851]

1:16 that's a macabre giggle you're having there mate ^^

[@MattSoares42]

Loving this series very much. Watching with close attention. Thank you crash course for uploading this.

[@armorsmith43]

Toward the end of the series, can you talk about user experience/human factors engineering? The example of Margret Hamilton urging removal of a bug that would let an astronaut cause an error is a good example

[@litmcgee]

Thank you so much for this videos, it really helps me understand this information.

[@tonykanteven1931]

Punch cards are for n00bs, real programmers use a big bang to program a universe wherein the computer and program desired evolve over the course of billions of years on their own

[@TheBetabot]

There's an emacs package for that

[@papopapo456]

Rick Sanchez approves this

[@BertGrink]

+Tony Kant Even Wow that is hardcore lol

[@nohero23]

A yes, the good old M-x run-ancestor-simulation.

[@jeremysmith7176]

xkcd.com/378/ This is were the joke comes from.

[@rev.davemoorman3883]

Love the show. First time I have waited with bated breath for the next since Loadstar Disk Monthly

Watching all episides in a row.

[@zakunknown9737]

Bachelor of science in computer engineering and been a Java developer for 5 years. Still find this series great. She explains better then my professors ever did.

[@Ayo22210]

I hope somewhere in this series you guys mention Unix >Berkeley Software Distribution > Mack Kernal> Open Step which is what was on the Next Cube that Tim Berners Lee used to create the WWW, HTML, Hypertext Transfer Protocol, etc...

[@nomad_geek]

I look forward to this series every week. #dftba

[@Sunset-ts8ir]

Thank u very much, as a beginner i have already had a clear view of computer's components and the mechanism behind them.

[@anshulsharma9424]

Computer science couldn't be better explained than this crash course

[@HerrUrin]

20 Episodes later: Humanity builds a giant supercluster called "Deep Thought", asks it the question for life, universe an everything, gets a punchcard back that reads: "101010"

[@rparl]

Dr Dobbs Journal of Computer Calisthenics and Orthodontia, Running Light without Overbite. Later DDJ of Tiny Basic. Most of the pages were octal numbers to toggle in.

[@JohnSmith-nc9ep]

Man! Now I have to wait for that Memory episode. Keep it up guys I really like these videos :D

[@zorozoro1442]

you are my teacher now hh, Tnks a lot!

[@lemonade2473]

Everything seemed tedious 100 years ago, not just computing, but doing laundry, heating up food, traveling thousands of miles, taking photographs. Sheesh. We're definitely spoiled 😀

[@drumetul_dacic]

5:04 - I watched this video on a quantum computer in 2050. I came back just to leave this comment. :-)

[@manas1743]

everyone gangsta till daniel really comments in 2050..

[@anwarzebkhan]

I wish if my every teacher was like you , i would never fail in any subject.

[@xhappybunnyx]

0:26 those graphics really pop with the old film filter

[@Quokkat7]

my favorite CC vids!

[@chipperP]

Your graphics are splendid!!

[@mirex3680]

Computer science teaching queen

[@rodrilea1]

Where is the "Another level on abstraction" bit i love it!

[@stephanwalterredelinghuys1319]

I love how she thanks the thought bubble. 😁

[@9291sam]

Do one on the Unix Epoch

[@JCResDoc94]

7:48 basics of ALL computing in one macro example

[@ctsau17]

Man, thank goodness for stuff like C, Java and Python.

[@JDSleeper]

9:26 Das Blinkenlights!

[@graefx]

I highly recommend reading 'Hackers by Steven Levy' if you're interested in more about evolution and history of programming and home computing.

[@angeldude101]

Next episode: a machine runs a program to translate text into something the machine can actually understand. And possibly programs that execute the text directly without translating. The first is a compiler (or assembler). The second is an interpreter.

[@zainahmad5701]

Great Course thanks !!

[@cugzarui5568]

C you next week we'll learn how to assembly those languages you could say the next episode is a SQL to this weeks episode lets GO and learn stuff SWIFT-ly i hope my stack of to do lists doesnt overflow alright alright im done no more bad puns

[@Roxor128]

Nice! Keep it up and you'll be on par with TV Tropes' "Sorting Algorithm Of Tropes" page introduction.

[@bluesyace9564]

Cringe

[@mtoba22]

Happy returning :)

[@unvergebeneid]

2:27 That's about the extent of what I can do in Excel, too.

[@Tuchulu]

I suspect the Altair 8800 couldn't have run Crysis. Can't wait to talk about Grace Hopper and Dennis Ritchie next week.

[@luigcorreia]

Actually, if it was a Turing-complete computer it could run Crysis or any computable program, at least if you give it enough time

[@luizmonad777]

That's the thing, to run Crysis you must run at 60fps, no computer can do that.

[@darkchocolate3390]

Low-key feel good I survived the first 10 episodes. They felt more like Eletrical/Computer Engineering rather than Computer Science(nothing wrong with that). Hopefully this begins to make a lot more sense.

[@DavidBadilloMusic]

4:56 No way! I totally see Benedict Cumberbatch there! Is that how they thought of him for "The Imitation Game"??

[@feoranis26]

7:45 I made a working lcd controller exactly like that but it didn’t write to memory it wrote to an lcd

[@vectorhacker-r2]

love this

[@andresbolivar702]

Hey guys You are amazing! keep the great work :)

[@quinius173]

Great job!

[@cholten99]

Jacquard, Hollerith, Von Neuman, the Altair and was that a pic of Katherine Johnson at 8:25? Really, my cup runeth over :-D

[@billniko9310]

Program is recombination of old elements in design to solve problem.

[@PendragonDaGreat]

Thankfully IBM also made punch card sorters to make that job easier as well.

[@henryleonardi5368]

Has it ever been considered to make a crash course, language learning course? Spanish or Latin are taught in many schools and I think it would be a pretty cool thing to add.

[@varana]

Learning a language doesn't fit well with what Crash Course does, I fear. Language learning (even Latin) is all about practice, repetition, and (if possible) immersion. Sure, there could be a video on the conjugation of videre / ver in various tenses, but that is really hard to visualise, and it lacks the most important thing: exercises, exercises, exercises.

[@hanro50]

@@varana Pretty sure that's why their is no crash course math. The other problem is that a language class might fit the US dialect, but not the South African one... E.g. South Africans use the word Robot for traffic light and stock for inventory in their English dialect. Americans mess with the spelling of stuff like color and colour...

[@xvnexus8814]

5:43 what about putting numbers on the cards?

[@tribecalledshabbazz8758]

4:20 for Dr. Dennis class.

[@jagannon13]

Along with Episode 7, im confused as to what instructions (and by extension programs) are. For example in Episode 7 the instructions were LOAD A, etc. But how does the cpu know what LOAD A is? Is LOAD A a complex series of logic gates as I am imagining? But wouldnt that make instructions hardware and not software? Im missing someting here...

[@kay3077]

Super good

[@francoislacombe9071]

I wonder what's being listed on the screen at the upper right of the video, for instance at 2:36

[@namnatulco]

All this computer engineering is reasonably interesting, but I wish the series would finally come to cover some computer science! Where are the Turing machines, the lambda calculi, the grammars, C/DNF, complexity theory, algorithms, networking, the gang of four, databases, replication, byzantine fault tolerance, sorting algorithms, regular expressions, programming paradigms, ensemble learning, computer vision and all the other exciting and marvelously fun stuff that makes computer science the topic that I've spent nearly all of my adult life studying? Obviously you're not going to cover all of this, some of it is too complex and/or theoretical for that (and I probably wouldn't cover relativity in crash course physics), but it'd be awesome to at least see some glimpses of it :-).

[@hciprof]

We'll be covering many of those topics. First ten episodes was just laying the foundation.

[@IceMetalPunk]

Wait, so, for the Altair, to program something, you had to flip 8 switches and press a button for *every byte of the program*? Ugh, I'm so glad I was born in the 90s, because I would never have had the patience for that, and if I weren't a programmer, I have no idea what I'd be XD

[@crazyphil7782]

Why don’t you guys turn off that phosphorus oscilloscope? It costs mad bucks and you’re killing it

[@blaze-pn6fk]

I'm watching these vids as if I'm addicted to a TV show. Lol

[@UltimateWaifuXD]

@5:04 Are those freaking scanlines on an Ipad? lol

[@icculus574]

CrashCourse That's pretty poor form to rip deramp5113's video (7:52) and not credit him.

[@ita6aki]

No matter what language is created, programming is always going to be hard since the easier you make the language, the more things that will want to be done with the easier language.

[@firenationfiles2063]

4:24 *"progrmming"*

[@rydohg]

I'm early, time to assemble a joke

[@ScottKorin]

Ryan Doherty I C what you did there. It was a pretty Basic joke. The joke follows a similar Scheme to other comments. But you get the prize for originality. Have a cup of Java!

[@rydohg]

Scott Korin 10 many puns

[@hanro50]

Warning Pun overflow

[@lancepate]

@@ScottKorin uhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh Ruby

[@Derekivery]

CC: It's not magic, it's computer science Me: got it, Computer science is magic.

[@liubomirwm]

Aliens at 6:20 - That's not our planet, let's move on...

[@tomstieve]

Thanks for the wonderful video. I still think programming is hard and tedious! :)

[@iugoeswest]

awesome

[@iganic7574]

Half of things is going above my mind but i am still watching this videos because its sound interesting and fascination things 😂.

[@Richard_is_cool]

8:46 I C what you did there.

[@m0st4fabeder]

What does swappable mean? I didn't find it at Cambridge or Oxford dictionaries!

[@larrylouie]

Will there be paradigms?

[@sharmainelc]

what did people use the altair 8800 to do?

[@LucaFiltroMan]

That moment when you catch up the whole series and then hate yourself because you suck at waiting...

[@SevenDeMagnus]

Is the Enigma cypher a computer since it's programmable?

[@jenithesinger1]

There should be Crash Courses for languages

[@catlinejade3672]

I need this and I didn't even realized I need this.

[@philosopherhobbs]

How are holes in paper or a card detected?

[@---ml4jd]

according to the movie "the limition game", alan turing inveted computers. but this epsiode didn't even mention his name. explaintion??

[@senornachos550]

5:04 Is it Hank and Katherine?

[@xvnexus8814]

5:04 welp there's a good opportunity for a paradox. *Hey VSause, come check this out!!*