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Watch this video to learn how to critically analyse, how to critically analyse in an essay,
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The Content
Academic essays consist of two writing styles: descriptive writing and critical writing.
Describes (gives an account of/gives details on) what something is: a topic, problem, situation, or context of the subject under discussion. It may describe where this takes place, who is involved when it occurs. Also, it provides background information to your discussion of the essay question. Background description usually comes before critical analysis so that the reader can understand the topic you are critically engaging with.
A good way to remember descriptive writing is, it provides information on what, who, where, when
Critical writing requires you to apply analysis and evaluation to the descriptions you have provided. Writers who can produce persuasive critical writing use evidence to support their ideas. Critical writing allows you to:
• Apply an idea or theory to a different situation. Does the idea work/not work in practice? Is there a factor that makes this work or not? (relating theory to practice). For example: 'Smith's (2008) theory on teamwork is effective in the workplace because it allows a diverse group of people with different skills to work effectively'.
• Justify why a process or policy exists
• Suggest an alternative approach to view and act on situations.
• Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of an idea/theory/policy. Why does this idea/theory/policy work? Or, why does this idea not work? For example: 'Although Smith's (2008) theory on teamwork is useful for large teams, there are challenges in applying this theory to teams who work remotely'
• Demonstrate how the idea links to other ideas in the field (synthesis). For example: 'the user experience of parks can be greatly enhanced by examining Donnelly's (2009) customer service model used in retail
• Demonstrate how the idea compare and contrast with other ideas/theories (comparison/classification of the type of theory)
• Demonstrate the “up-to-datedness” and relevance of an idea/theory/policy (currency). For example: 'although this approach was successful in supporting the local community, Smith's model does not accommodate the needs of a modern global economy'.
• Evaluate an idea/theory/policy by providing an evidence-informed judgment. For example: 'Therefore, May's delivery model should be discontinued as it has created significant issues for both customers and staff (Ransom, 2018)'.
• Create new perspectives or arguments based on knowledge. For example: 'to create strong and efficient buildings, we will look to the designs provided by nature. The designs of the Sydney Opera house are based on the segments of an orange (Cook, 2019)'.
To conclude, critical writing takes positive and negative approaches to ideas and interrogates them. Once you have interrogated an idea or theory, you can then provide an evidenced judgment
Example, have a look at the following paragraph:
According to research by the Food Standards Agency (2015), there may be a link between late nights and childhood obesity in children. However, this research focuses only on the area of sleep and does not consider many of the other factors associated with late nights, such as what children eat when they stay up late. Compared to other known factors influencing childhood obesity, there is insufficient evidence about the effect of late nights for this to be taken very seriously by policymakers, though this may change with further research.
This paragraph consists of three sentences: Descriptive statement, critical statement, and judgement
Descriptive statement (who, when, what): According to research by the Food Standards Agency published in 2015, there may be a link between late nights and childhood obesity in children
Critical statement: However, this research focuses only on the area of sleep and does not consider many of the other factors associated with late nights, such as what children eat when they stay up late
Judgment statement: Compared to other known factors influencing childhood obesity, there is insufficient evidence about the effect of late nights for this to be taken very seriously by policymakers, though this may change with further research.
0:00 Introduction
0:24 What is Critical Writing?
0:59 Descriptive writing
1:43 Critical writing Requires you to apply analysis and evaluation
4:24 How can I write critically?
6:27 Paragraph Structure of Critical Writing
7:16 Phrases to demonstrate your critical thinking
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