Crystal Field Theory

This chemistry video tutorial provides a basic introduction into crystal field theory. It explains how to draw the crystal field splitting diagram of transition metal complex ions using weak field ligands and strong field ligands. It explains the difference between high spin and low spin diagrams and how to determine the magnetic properties of complex ions.
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Here is a list of topics in the full version of this video:
1. How To Draw The Crystal Field Splitting Diagram
2. Weak Field vs Strong Field Diagrams
3. Crystal Field Splitting Energy
4. How To Determine The Oxidation State of the Transition Metal In a Complex Ion
5. Understanding The Relative Splitting Energy of the 3D Orbital System In a Transition Metal
6. Crystal Field Theory - Basic Concepts
7. Ligands as Negative Point Charges
8. How To Determine The D Count of a Transition Metal Complex Ion
9. How To Write The Electron Configuration Using The T2g Set and Eg set
10. How To Calculate The Number of Unpaired Electrons In a Complex Ion
11. How To Determine The Magnetic Properties of a Complex Ion - Paramagnetic vs Diamagnetic
12. How To Calculate The Crystal Field Stabilization Energy
13. The Spectrochemical Series of Ligands
14. How To Predict The Geometry of a Complex Ion
15. Crystal Field Model Geometries - Octahedral, Tetrahedral, Square Planar, and Linear
16. How To Calculate The Wavelength of Light in Nanometers Given The Crystal Field Splitting Energy In Kj/mol

[@TheOrganicChemistryTutor]

Get The Full 1 Hour Video: www.patreon.com/MathScienceTutor Direct Link to The Full Video: bit.ly/3vShovS Chemistry PDF Worksheets: www.video-tutor.net/chemistry-basic-introduction.html

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[@gizmogizmo5959]

Just small correction: d(x^2-y^2) is on the X Y axis, and d(XY) is between the axis.

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I noticed that he handles the axes quite loosely during his drawings of the d orbitals. The xy, xz, and yz orbitals are off axis, while x2-y2 is along the axes as well as z2 being along the z axis.

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[@maritvianen8019]

Tell me if i'm wrong, but shouldn't the PE in the final exercise be equal to zero. This because you only add P for electrons that pair due to the pairings energy being smaller than going into the eg levels and therefore you add it, otherwise you should have added the +3/5 delta oct. Therefore with high spin, there is never PE involved and for low spin for PE, you only count the pairs that are formed that would not have formed if it had been a low spin complex.

[@sonemaster]

This is exactly what i wanted to point out. As you say, you only count the pairing that ocurrs in comparison with the hypothetical situation of espherical charge surrounding the metal, when all d orbitals are degenerate. That is because the crystal field stabilization energy is the relative stabilization of the complex vs. the ideal situation where no splitting of the orbitals takes place. This means that, for a d6 in an espherical charge distribution situation you already have one electron paired, so the crystal field stabilization energy for a high spin complex doesnt involve electron pairing.

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hwo do we know now tho which field applies to the complex we are naming? do we just look which orbital arrangement filled with the electrons is the most stable?

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[@crevect4799]

Great video! Just one question: I thought the dx2-y2 orbitals are parallel to the x and y axis?

[@gabrielhigginbotham7101]

i believe parallel to the plane of x and y and within the actual x and y axis

[@crevect4799]

@@gabrielhigginbotham7101 Yeah. In the video, he explains it in a way that the dx2-y2 orbital isn’t directly along the x axis and y axis. Now I’m so confused…

[@YISTECH]

@@crevect4799 but he literally drew them along the x and y axis bruh

[@maryaahx]

I was confused about this too, he said that x2y2 is not on the axes and that xy is on the axes.. although it seems that he might have mixed them up? I can only find the orientation with x2y2 on the axes

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Can you please explain the coordination number 4 complexes also

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How do you know if it is weak field or strong field?

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From the streptochemical series

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Can you please explain walsh diagram

[@saradharuth364]

Hellow sir, Could please explain about tetrahedral and square plannar?

[@SanePerson1]

The pairing energy contributions to the CFSE are done incorrectly here. The CFSE is the stabilization energy of the d electrons due to the energy splitting of the d orbitals. So, for both the high-spin and low-spin (weak- and strong-field) cases, the comparison should be with a system with zero splitting of the d-orbitals. For a zero-splitting case, there would still be one orbital with two electrons when there is a total of 6 d electrons. Therefore, the CFSE for the d^6 high-spin system does NOT include any pairing energy contribution because that electron pair would still be paired even if the d orbitals weren’t split at all. And the low-spin case would include only 2P, not 3P - again, because one electron pair would still be paired even if the d orbitals weren’t split at all.

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hey why are the units of cfse in cm-1

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[@onyinkulo3459]

Hello. Can anyone please help. How does CFT account for the colour of transition metals? ?

[@rwayle]

Basically, transitions between the t2g and eg levels are responsible for the colours the metal complexes show. The energy gap between the levels depends on the metal and the ligands.

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what electron configuration do you need to have to be a strong field?

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fields are dependent on the ligand and is given by the spectrochemical series. ligands like ammonia, water and carbon monoxide are strong field ligands and the halogen anions are weak field ligands

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btw it's Delta sub o not sub 0. The o stands for octahedron

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[@maryaahx]

The plane-orientation of dx2-y2 and dxy is probably mixed up in this video? dx2-y2 is on the axes and dxy is between is my previous understanding

[@julia.krantz]

At 20:05, the pairing energy is included in the CFSE calculation, even though there would be an equal pairing energy in the original d energy level (as in, prior to crystal field splitting). Therefore, should the pairing energy really be included in the CFSE calculation?

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dx²-y² is directly on xy axis and dxy is in the XY plane but not directly on x and y axes

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