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You’re driving down the road and the oil change reminder comes on in your car. You know this is a signal that it’s time to get your oil changed, but what exactly does this mean? What’s going on under the hood?
Changing the oil in a car is a fairly quick and easy procedure, and it’s essential to keeping your engine clean and running effectively. Over time, regular oil changes will help to remove contaminants that have built up and extend the life of your engine, so it’s a worthwhile investment that shouldn’t be overlooked.
Keep reading to learn everything you need to know about motor oil, including what it does, how often you should change it, the different types of oil and more.
According to Pennzoil, the official lubricants provider of UTI and a leading brand in the industry, motor oil was historically a simple mixture of base oil and additives. It was designed to lubricate engine parts, reduce friction, clean, cool and protect the engine.
Today, however, modern synthetic motor oil does much more than just lubricate-it provides wear protection, maintains viscosity over varying temperatures, prevents acid build up, and cleans and protects turbos and modern engine components.
Engine oil is still made up of base oils and additives-however, the quality has improved dramatically. Base oils make up anywhere from 70-90 percent of the total and are derived from natural gas or crude oil. Additives make up anywhere from 10-30 percent. They include chemicals that act as detergents, friction modifiers, antioxidants, corrosion inhibitors and viscosity index improvers, just to name a few.
Is Motor Oil the Same as Engine Oil?
You might have heard engine oil referred to as motor oil, or vice versa. Both products are the same in the market and simply refer to any substance with base oil that’s laced with additives (anti-wear additives, dispersants and detergents, to name a few).
Oil Viscosity Explained
When talking about motor oil, you’ll often hear the term ‘viscosity’ being used. Essentially, oil viscosity refers to how easily oil pours at a specific temperature. Thinner oils flow easier at lower temperatures and have a lower viscosity, whereas thicker oils have a higher viscosity.
In cold weather, thin oils reduce friction and help engines to start quicker. In higher temperatures, thick oils maintain oil pressure and film strength, and support heavier loads.
The viscosity index measures oil’s ability to resist changes in viscosity as temperature changes. Most multi-grade motor oils are formulated with viscosity index improvers, which use polymer additives to help maintain consistent oil viscosity over a wide range of temperatures-protecting engine parts from wear.
An oil with a higher viscosity index number is able to better retain its viscosity over a broader temperature range. However, these viscosity index improvers will break down over time as the oil ages. Changing your oil regularly will help to prevent this.
What Is Synthetic Oil?
Engine oil has changed significantly over time. When it was first introduced in the 1800s, manufacturers used their own fuel and lubrication techniques, which led to many inconsistencies. The usage of animal fat and vegetable oil evolved into the use of motor oil made from crude; and later came the invention of synthetic oil.
Synthetic motor oil is oil that has gone through a chemically engineered process. When compared to conventional oil molecules, synthetic oil molecules are more uniform in shape and have fewer impurities. Typically, synthetic oil will have higher resistance to oxidation and performs better in extreme high and low temperatures than conventional motor oil made from crude.
When fully formulated, motor oil is designed to serve a variety of different functions, including:
Separating and lubricating moving parts
Reducing engine wear
Helping to prevent deposits from forming on internal engine components
Removing and suspending dirt and contaminants in the oil until these contaminants can be removed at the next oil change
Cooling engine parts
Maintaining engine fuel efficiency and performance
Providing protection across a wide range of temperatures
Functioning as hydraulics in variable valve timing
Helping protect the emissions system
Is Synthetic Oil Made From Natural Gas Better?
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