The Terramare Culture and the Bronze Age Collapse

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thanks for watching! Please hit "like" and share the video around - it helps me out enormously. And if you enjoy my videos please consider supporting the channel: Patreon ➜ www.patreon.com/dandavisauthor My books ➜ amzn.to/3xngwz5 A Patreon-exclusive post examining the argument that the Terramare people are known to history as the Pelasgians: www.patreon.com/posts/60542410

[@CaucAsianSasquatch]

Would you consider an interview, or simply a guest spot? I'd love to present your channel. Anytime.

[@CosmicG777]

Hey. I just now saw that your Vampire Knight books 4 and 5 were available on Audible. Just wanted you to know that I bought them immediately. Can't wait to start listening to them. I love that series. You do great work.

[@saratmodugu2721]

8:36 actually the mittani came from southern Central Asia/northern South Asia as they were indo Iranian. Also a peacock symbol was first found in the Middle East in their civilization

[@oldmech619]

4:49. The spear barbs break off inside the injured animal. Then it becomes a matter of time before the animal falls

[@virgilpena1]

Very interesting videos. Only thing I would do more research on is the appearance of Hungarians in Europe. The cultures around that area were Thracian and Dacians. Hungarians arrived in the panonic area around 800 bc.

[@nullfi7148]

Every one of your videos is just so well researched and documented, I just wanted to let you know how much quality content like this is appreciated. It's a crime that you don't have more subscribers, I wish more people knew about ancient cultures.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you very much, I appreciate it. We'll keep growing thanks to everyone's amazing support.

[@augustuscaesar8287]

I entirely agree with this comment. The sentiment is shared.

[@adamgetzendanner]

I totally agree too. Top notch quality. Should have more subs.

[@d.esanchez3351]

I'm not even a bronce age historian and this videos are so well researched and told that is one of my favorites despite me being absolute nothing about the period.

[@TheScandoman]

​@@DanDavisHistoryHas anyone else ever wondered if the 'Peloset' people were actually from Pylos?...And THEN re-settled into Canaan by the Pharaoh?

[@Honeybadger_525]

I can definitely see a lot of parallels between the migration of the various "Sea Peoples" and the dispersal of many Germanic, Slavic, and nomadic tribes starting in the 4th century AD that resulted in a similar domino effect with one migrating group displacing another and ultimately overwhelming the Roman Empire.

[@telebubba5527]

That was caused by the Huns who invaded Europe and wreaked havoc which in turn forced people/tribes to leave their homeground.

[@leezanda8430]

@@telebubba5527 that doesn't mean the same thing wouldn't happen when Bronze Age collapse occur. It is likely.

[@telebubba5527]

@@leezanda8430 The Bronze Age collapse was caused by natural causes by people fleeing hunger and drought. That was not the case with the Huns. They were agressivly on a conquest tour.

[@Honeybadger_525]

@@telebubba5527 Yes the Hun’s migration westward was certainly the catalyst that sparked the migration of the Alans, Goths and other tribes. However, we don’t know for certain what drove the Huns to migrate westward in the first place. The leading theories are the Han Dynasty bolstering their border defenses, pressure/conflict with other nomadic tribes, adverse climatic conditions, or possibly some combination of all of the above? We have even less certainty of what triggered the late Bronze Age migrations as we have even fewer written accounts from the time period. However, it’s likely a combination of environmental and societal factors that contributed to both migrations.

[@thebrocialist8300]

@@ario4795 That’s little more than conjecture regarding the Goths. Of all the (historically impactful) Germanic populations, the Goths had the most obscure, poorly sourced origins/genealogy. And you’re conflating too many things. The Migration Era had to do with the sudden influx of vast numbers of Germanic peoples into Roman imperial territories; not all the generations of inconsequential nomadic movements of Germanic tribes around the empty forests of Central Europe.

[@MosBikeShop]

Fantastic history telling. I appreciate how you do what an academic anthropologist generally can't get away with--putting these times and people into a narrative form. Even if some, or even half, of your careful, informed speculation ends up being incorrect, you've helped me enormously to contextualize what the heck was going on in these times. I hope other historical world builders take inspiration from you to pursue this kind of 'side job'. Bravo.

[@mdhall04]

Word is the sea peoples could be a mixture of different cultures from that region, the big islands next to the Italian peninsula had a warrior culture at the time i forgot their name but they're interesting. Anyways its been speculated that the phoenicians paid the sea peoples to raid their rivals. Than again maybe they got together for glory and the east was filled with riches.

[@thewildcardperson]

@@mdhall04 imagine a TV form story sea people going into new towns and turning or conquering people maybe starting with a rebellion of some kind against a king and the Egypt and Mesopotamia perspective and collapse

[@oilslick7010]

One of the upsides of studying history in university for me was precisely this. Prozaic and journalistic writing qualities are appreciated and encouraged, as long as it doesn't take anything away from the level of scholarship. I always felt sorry for fellow students from the social sciences who were basically forced to keep it as dry and factual as possible. Not surprising since history is part of the Arts/Humanities, but still....

[@FischerNilsA]

@@mdhall04 "the phoenicians" where at that point a rabble of city states. Who used to war amongst each other - but got conquered by Tuthmose III about 250 years earlier and where at this point dependent little vassal states of egyptian hegemony. The phase where phoenician cities where rich strong independent city states who could command large mercenary armies? Comes after the bronze age collapse, when neither egypt nor hittite kings had any power to subvert them

[@clairecelestin8437]

This was an excellent documentary. Saying "We know this because" and tying the story back to the archeological evidence is always worth the time, and shows the quality of the research. I learned a lot, and I thank you for all of your hard work.

[@joelkurowski7129]

This is the best theory of the BAC I have seen so far. Even if it's not 'the' event that kicked off the collapse, it provides an excellent example of why and how similar cultures contributed to the phenomenon.

[@joechang8696]

There are other excellent expositions of BAC, but all that I have seen emphasize that big civilizations, not from a potential source of sea peoples , which is why is a very refreshing video

[@geoffreyfoster8039]

@Joel. BAC ?? Blood alcohol content?

[@joelkurowski7129]

@@geoffreyfoster8039 Bronze Age Collapse. Edit: I just realized you are most likely trolling me. In that case, yes. I meant Blood Alcohol Content.

[@geoffreyfoster8039]

@@joelkurowski7129 Just having fun.

[@joelkurowski7129]

@@joechang8696 I agree. Most of the other ones I've seen tend to be like 'why did this civilization we know so much about fall?' And are not really asking questions about the smaller cultures with less ability to weather things like drought and famine.

[@veritasEtjusticia]

Another fascinating video! My only issue is with using the term "Hungarian" to refer to the people living in the Carpathian basin at the time. The Hungarians arrived thousands of years later. I suppose it's used as a geographical reference rather than a cultural one but it's still a bit like referring to the people living in Anatolia at that time as "Turks"...

[@DanDavisHistory]

Yes it's geographical and it's how these groups are referred to in the literature. I also say Greek and Italian.

[@brosef4154]

@@DanDavisHistory Why would they do that in the literature? Seems sloppy.

[@Arlechinu]

I took note of the same thing and it seemed like Pannonian would have been more accurate.

[@kactus_3008]

@@DanDavisHistory Indeed, but only the Hungarians has a revisionist view on the history...🤔

[@Ursaarctoshorribilis]

@@kactus_3008no we don't, we had one 90 years ago but after WW2 not a single politician in parliament advocated for territorial dispute with other countries...

[@fabriziomangione3231]

You could do 100 hours of content talking about bronze age and early iron age Italian cultures, I would binge watch every minute. Un abbraccio, buone feste!

[@giuliom7704]

The word "Terramare" literally means Earthsea, which is kinda cool if you have read the saga written by Ursula K. Le Guin.

[@wizzolo]

yes, but the name does not derive from the word mare, as in sea, but the word marna , wich means dark, as this kind of fertile dirt, found where the ancient settlements were located, is dark.

[@LoLFilmStudios]

@@wizzolo that’s interesting, thank you. :) I thought basic Latin was enough but these kind of gems should be kept in your trivia brain bank.

[@cecileroy557]

@@LoLFilmStudios I thought the same thing. Thanks @wizolo!

[@blanco7726]

Video literally explains this...👀

[@frikativos]

In Spanish we call that book "Terramar", so of course I thought of it.

[@bc7138]

This is one of the most intriguing videos you've produced so far. To think that the Terramare culture would've played a major role in the Bronze Age collapse, and were among the mass of the Sea Peoples is highly likely.

[@51-73-i6w]

No it's not, they were another victim of the bronze age collapse at the hands of Urnfield

[@vanrensburgsgesicht]

17:30 On petroglyphs from the Nordic Bronze Age, some boats also have a swan's nose. Jürgen Spanuth speculated that these only became dragons with the onset of climate deterioration and increasing conflicts. (I once made a comb for my niece in the shape of a Viking boat, but with a swan's head. One with a dragon head was intended for my nephew). Many people are also unaware that Jutland used to be twice as wide as it is today. Everything up to the island of Helgoland (Holy Land) was once fertile, flat land. From 1400BC onwards, the climate became increasingly worse and the first waves of emigration began. Around 1220BC a 20m high tsunami swept the west coast and a large part of the land was lost (the last part in a storm tide in the Middle Ages). In addition, few know that a good part of the amber and copper came from this region. It was only after the flood that the amber came from the Baltic. And on Helgoland, deposits of pure copper (with naturally high arsenic content!) can still be found today.

[@holdenedwards8506]

I can’t watch the video right now, but I wanted to make sure I liked it and added it to my watch later playlist. Thank you for all the amazing content Dan, and have a Merry Christmas!

[@DanDavisHistory]

I appreciate it, I hope you enjoy it when you can. Merry Christmas to you too.

[@davidbrewer9030]

Interesting. Also the pre-Etruscan Villanovan culture appeared later close to and among the Po River areas.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Yes there may be some continuity there. Culturally related in some ways to the Urnfield tradition and to the Carpathian basin area. Certainly there are similarities on one of the two Terramare burial traditions - one was burial and the other was cremation followed by burial of the bones and ash in urns, just like the Urnfield culture.

[@davidbrewer9030]

@@DanDavisHistory It would be interesting comparing a map of sites and sizes of Villanovan places and the earlier Terramare. A number of scenarios are possible. The Terramare fled southeast and joined the Sea Peoples, leaving their lands open for the Villanovans to move into. Or, a gradual mingling of Terramarre and proto-Villanovan leading to a Terramare substrate to the eventual developed Etruscan (Rasna) culture.

[@DanDavisHistory]

It's likely the Terramare culture was formed by different original populations. Some from the Alps, some from Bell Beaker ancestry, some from Carpathian tell cultures. The elites may have had one ethnic ancestry while the majority population had another. Perhaps they spoke an IE language like Italo-Celtic and also a Tyrsenian language ancestral to Etruscan. Many Terramare moved through Italy after 1200 and there is some material cultural continuity with later Italian cultures.

[@51-73-i6w]

​@@DanDavisHistoryafter Urnfield destroyed Terramare the survivors fled south and created Villanovan culture whilst still under Urnfield control (cremating in urns)

[@manzelli1981]

I’ll echo everyone else here: love this channel! Most of us probably grew up learning about *The Ancient Cultures* - Egypt, Greece, Mesopotamia (maybe the Celts too if you grew up in England, Canada, US, etc.) - but there was so much more going on that most of us weren’t taught in school. Thanks for bringing those other cultures to the forefront!

[@fabricdragon]

shared! i always debate, whenever we have a "sudden" collapse or disappearance, whether it was as sudden as we think. the archeological record can get rather compressed, and the difference between Pompeii (actually sudden) and , say, the wells getting unreliable and people leaving (maybe 20 years) can be hard to see after only a few hundred years. after a few thousand?

[@zombie2356]

Yeah, It likely was something in between, one hundred, maybe two hundred years of slowly collapsing empires, one after another, I don't believe in sudden "overnight" collapse of empires.

[@daniell1483]

I'm imagining the Mycenean kings during this time, it probably seemed like a flood of people. Many of them were armed and well trained. I can't help but draw parallels with the fall of Rome. To many, it probably seemed like the end of the world.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Yeah it was the end of their world as they knew it.

[@revmo37]

@@DanDavisHistory But I'm sure they weren't singing ..."And I feel fine" as REM might add. Sorry Dan. Just kidding. First thing that entered my mind when I read your comment

[@evbbjones7]

With that context, think of how many times the world has 'ended' for some people somewhere. We're probably talking hundreds, maybe thousands of times. Then factor in the rippling effects to all the cultures and peoples around them. It's quite the thought experiment. :)

[@mdhall04]

I blame the phoenicians

[@geoffreyfoster8039]

@@mdhall04 I blame the politicians.

[@TSEEMOD_618]

As I am from closeby Lago di Ledro in Italy, I am very honored to see something about Terramareans portrayed in a video :) great job :))

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you very much.

[@THEEck5000]

I’m so happy to have come across this channel

[@davidparadis490]

Merry Christmas Dan. Part of my new years resolutions is to patreon a couple people who give me the most entertainment on KZbin...you and Mark Felton will be the recipients for 2022...keep up the great work!

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you David, much appreciated. Mark does great work. And Merry Christmas to you too.

[@itsa-itsagames]

you seem to have the mind of someone who has been studying history for quite some time and are able to capture those very unique topics that most other history channels havent talked to death!

[@mambojambo4870]

Just checked your channel 10 minutes ago with no new video and now a few mins later you drop this! Perfect timing, perfect topic, superb storytelling! Thank you!

[@DanDavisHistory]

Great timing. I hope you enjoy the video.

[@abrahamdozer6273]

Have they been able to extract Y-Chromosomal or Mitochondrial DNA from the Terramare burials? They were clearly Europeans but it might be useful to compare them to the locations of their descendants in Eurasia to fill in some of the story.

[@lorenzogoroni]

@Akhand Bharat 🙄 just no.

[@dacritter8397]

​@@lorenzogoroni hahaha, why not?

[@yoshijb9428]

How are they clearly European? They clearly are closer to Mediterranean peoples.

[@abrahamdozer6273]

@@yoshijb9428 ... who are European people ... except in come of North Africa.

[@BiTurbo228]

​@@yoshijb9428'European' and 'Mediterranean' are poor descriptors for the various different cultural and genetic dispersals in the bronze age world. Hell, they're poor descriptors for those things today, based on geopolitical boundaries more than anything else.

[@bentrigowhite]

This is an amazing video, I cannot praise it enough. I love history but often find it difficult to pay attention to videos and documentaries, but the way you contextualized these people and wove a narrative out of it made it enthralling.

[@FreeFallingAir]

Thanks for the insight on the Terramare people. The bronze age collapse has always fascinated me, learning more about the people's of the time will help greatly paint a picture. Great work as always and very interesting, I just don't understand how you have so few subscribers..Well hopefully we can help the algorithms out with our comments. Once again thanks for the research and hard work. Cheers!

[@TheEvertw]

Awesome video! I love how you dive deep into these archeological mysteries and come up with plausible answers.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you. I'm mainly summarising the work of Andrea Cardarelli - including the stuff about their migration routes.

[@FaustianFeels]

Another amazing and insightful video David, really appreciate the great production quality of your content always looking forward to another upload.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you so much, I appreciate it.

[@Threewulphmoon]

Just when I think i've consumed every bit of content on the late bronze age collapse, Thanks so much for your work!

[@andersen3692]

I am from northern Italy, I found this video very interesting and well made.Thank you

[@dangallagher8034]

This video is amazing. Both well produced and informative, and also in that it sheds light on what was a very mysterious collapse. It wouldn't take much to start a wave of migration of peoples who had enjoyed stability in their homelands. Very powerful. Thank you very much Dan.

[@ImBarryScottCSS]

Another channel that's gonna blow up, all you have to do is just get the algorithm to feed people one time and they will sub. That's how I'm here, one suggestion, now subbed and will be watching your back catalog.

[@janetmontgomery-r6j]

Thank you for the great item about these people

[@liquidoxygen819]

Great video, Mr. Davis. Never had heard of these people before! Thanks for shining some light on them. It's crazy just how much history and archaeology are unknown even to people interested in the subjects, and it's sometimes hard to fathom that the people who lived in these cultures were real folks and that they lived real lives, and that their actions echo into both the history that many people are familiar with and into the present day Cheers

[@DanDavisHistory]

Cheers bro, yeah there's so much amazing history to learn, it never ends.

[@draganjagodic4056]

The value of Your work is, one can (and should) watch it again, for so much good information, so much good knowledge and research is there. Also, the visual production is absolutely sterling and captivating.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you so much 🙏

[@sookendestroy1]

I feel like the collapse was likely a cascading event. For some reason the area was struck by mass earthquakes during this time, famine, resource overuse and climatic shifts broke logistic and agricultural reliances utterly. The empires turned on eachother in hopes of preserving something only for an absolutely overwhelming force of small kingdoms, mercenary, tribal and nomadic peoples from across the north and all the periferies to rise up from the collapsing conditions and take what remained of the more prosperous empires for their own only to eventually just conglomerate into the prior cultures.

[@robertcrusader5019]

Absolutely fascinating. Thanks Dan for your research and exposition of it. What connection do you think may be between the Terramare and Etruscans?

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you for watching, glad you liked it. It's hard to say for sure. The Etruscans might have moved in from the north after these lot left.

[@raympnt]

@@DanDavisHistory I wonder about a connection with the Etruscan type inscriptions from Lemnos. Perhaps the Teramare folk were Etruscans who settled in Asia Minor and then migrated back to Italy.

[@EMcKelvyF]

There probably isn't a connection because of the language. The Etruscans spoke a unique language related to pre-indo-european or a paleo-european language. It is related to a language spoken in the Alps but still very different.

[@barbojohnsung7113]

There is a Villanova Culture that is suggested to be a proto-etruscan culture located in the italian upper Appennine. It is suggested that Etruscan civilization stemmed from the encounter of this Villanova culture with migrants from the Turkish region, which would explain why there are proto-turk elements in the Etruscan language. If this is true, I am not sure how all this would relate to the terramare culture. Btw I live in the Po Valley and my mom’s last name indicates Hungarian descents, so I really enjoyed to learn about the hungarian migration towards where I live :)

[@robertcrusader5019]

@@barbojohnsung7113 Perhaps, as the Terramare culture faded, the remainder of them moved south, encountered others, and the intermarriage of them became the Villanova culture? It seems the dating would allow such an event to be considered.

[@geoffhunter7704]

Another fine presentation,Dan as usual you dig deeply into the mysterious Sea Peoples,very informative.

[@mr.roboxihuman4344]

Another well done video. Thank you for the content. Never knew about the Terramare until now.

[@cruisepaige]

I live quite near this area and now I want to go to these archaeological sites. There are SO MANY prehistoric sites in Northern Italy! There’s much much more here than the Etruscans.

[@user-fl8yv7rz6f]

Great video! Would love to see a follow up on the Dorian invasion.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you. Yes that's a good idea, I will add that to the list, cheers.

[@Drew_McTygue]

Thanks for excellent content Dan, this video was fascinating and well produced. Merry Christmas

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thanks Drew! Glad you thought so. Merry Christmas to you too.

[@themesiasinrs]

Gonna open a cold beer and enjoy this masterpiece! Thank you Dan!! For all your hardwork

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you, I hope you enjoy the video and the beer. Cheers.

[@alinaanto]

There were no Hungarians, nor Hungary in Europe during the Bronze Age. Hungarians arrived from the Ural Mountains at the end of the 9th century CE (AC). The country of Hungary was founded approximately 100 years later, close to the year 1000 CE (AC).

[@florisbrieffies2758]

I learned so much from this channel! It puts so many things in perspective. A gem on youtube! I wish you good luck with further work on these subjects!

[@loke6664]

It do seems like the Sea people were a kind of domino effect from the west to the east but the question is if it didn't start further west in Iberia initially. The weather changed (likely due to an Icelandic volcano), there was a series of earthquakes and fires. Then we have war and cities often burnt and finally people moved east. You can basically see as one civilization after the other starts to blink out from the west to the east all within a span of 30 years (Except the Minoans and Mitanni who were gone a while earlier). One question is if trade stopped due to the wars and civil unrest or if the war and civil unrest were triggered by the end of trade. It was trade that made these civilization prosper, particularly the Terramare and without trade they were rather poor. It is interesting to note that many of the cities from the time show signs of fires in the ruling class areas but not where the regular people lived though so it seems like civil war or some kind of social revolution happened in many places including Mycenae. Ramses III seems to blame the entire bronze age collapse on the sea people that he defeated but it seems like there were many factors involved here. It also seems like people from the land the sea people invaded joined them. It is a very interesting topic and one where new finds constantly shows up and often makes the situation even more complex. 100 years ago historians assumed that a raiding force like the vikings just traveled around and destroyed the civilizations like vikings based on Ramses III inscriptions but the more we learn the more complex the whole event seems.

[@brutusthebear9050]

Fires among the ruling class could simply be due to population density. At the time, the lower class were more spread out, whereas the ruling class lived in the city centers. A fire would affect a single peasant, but would be much more devastating to the elite.

[@loke6664]

@@brutusthebear9050 That is a good point. There is of course the question if angry peasants started those fires, if it was accident, natural disasters or invaders. It also seems like often the richer area of a city burnt while the poorer didn't which is unusual, it is usually the other way around since rich people tend to have access to people who can put out a fire. A decades long dry spell made life very hard for the peasants at the time so they were angry at the people who showed out and collected taxes from them.

[@nneve1]

Great work and a nice voice to listen to. Thank you!

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you.

[@tweedledumart4154]

Fantastic! Very interesting story. Well researched!

[@darthnihilusthebestsith]

It's the first video from you I watch. I love how carefully accurate you are in your exposition, it feels great. I died every time you said "terramare like that tho

[@Xaiff]

Terramare houses feels a lot like traditional houses in many archipelagic nations. Makes so much sense since they'd have similar materials available

[@kettelbe]

And flood problems

[@ronaldsmith4153]

Excellent video. Climate change from wet and then to dry drove a warrior culture to migrate and then joined other drought-stricken cultures in a feeding frenzy. A domino effect where traditional farming/warrior societies became pirates and mercenaries driving other groups into the same. Maybe this was what started the Bronze Age Collapse?

[@SweetChicagoGator]

Amazing how these little civilizations grew to bigger villages, then cities, before the dawn of the Roman Empire. The artifacts, body armor, and helmets are astonishing ! Amazing archaeological discoveries !

[@saxogrammaticus635]

Thanks!

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you.

[@pruephillip1338]

This is worth subscribing to. Well done.

[@ofallmyintention9496]

This video is the first I have seen from your channel...instant subscribe; I love this period, and it was very thorough on your end. Good stuff.

[@barrettmaxey7504]

You're the man Dan!

[@janetmontgomery-r6j]

Great video and exploration of history and events. Helps to make it clearer. Thank you.

[@mdstanton1813]

Hope you had a great Christmas/new years Dan. Another great video! I've collected only a very small amount info on the Terramare despite reading much about the Po Valley. Thank you for compiling it all into such an easily digestible format ❤✌

[@Swede_4_DJT]

Greetings from Sweden! Thank you for yet another great upload.

[@TheRealShenronNL]

Thank you for your well researched and highly informative videos. It truly made this year so much better.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you very much indeed.

[@grindsaur]

Brilliant video! Thank you again for making the ancient world a little clearer, bit by bit.

[@nikbear]

It's content of this quality that has meant I hardly watch tv anymore 🙄 this is so well researched, beautifully presented and incredibly intriguing, a real credit to you Dan, thank you for all your efforts, very appreciated, and a very Merry Christmas to you and your loved ones 👏🎅🥃🎄

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you so much. Merry Christmas.

[@FrogInPot]

That was one of the best doccos and theories I've seen for an argument for perhaps the first domino to fall in the bronze age collapse. Nice one!

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you very much

[@TyrSkyFatherOfTheGods]

Thanks again, Dan, for teaching me something I never knew. Given the ecological challenges we're facing, we have a lot to learn from episodes like the Late Bronze Age Collapse.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Yes I think that's true. Glad you liked the video.

[@andoriannationalist3738]

The reason they built homes off the ground is because the ground is cold. In colder wetter climates it helps. All one needs to do is get off the ground a foot and it’s a lot warmer.

[@TyrSkyFatherOfTheGods]

@@andoriannationalist3738 Thanks for that insight!

[@pasquinomarforio]

Brilliantly done, again. Your storytelling skills are unsurpassed, anywhere. Thanks.

[@revmo37]

I know I've mentioned it before when I subscribed with notifications. But I really dig your channel my friend. Great content, research, and narration. I always look forward to your notification. Also, Have a very happy holiday and new year, Dan ! Salute from Pittsburgh

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thanks very much, same to you! Cheers.

[@Eirexeyes]

Interesting analysis of could be the explanation of the bronze age collapse. I never heard it said I've this before. I've listened to many lectures about the bronze age collapse but never like this. Great job 👏

[@mikepette4422]

Look how close the Terramare are to Greece. Merely a few days sail from one to the other with a good wind.

[@riffmeister101]

Don't remember when or how I found your channel. Glad I did though. Thanks and appreciations!

[@lewishladun1684]

Just found your channel, I’m definitely gonna try your books. I don’t really like typical Tolkien style fantasy but I LOVE mysterious occult shit from the dark depths of human history 😜

[@valentineanastassiou3411]

Thank you for shedding light on the movements of Sea Peoples that leave us sleepless to consider their motives as well as their origins... Many thanks and congratulations for your excellente work.

[@catherineladd5300]

I am loving this freakin channel! I watched it twice already stopping many times to study the maps and geographic movements of these people based on artifacts found. You never disappoint , Dan. I've learned more watching your series than my entire time spent/wasted in school. Great work!

[@adamnhobbs5545]

Great vid . This helped me creating a mental map going back into deep history very informative looking forward to more.

[@giuliomachiavelli3414]

I enjoyed your video, especially because I live close to the areas you described (Verona). Unfortunately the quality of the information in Italy on pre-Roman populations or after the Roman-Germanic reigns are not very popular here.

[@YogiMcCaw]

If your speculations are right, it explains a lot about the collapse and who the Sea Peoples were. The use of maps and pictures of artifacts from archaeological sites really helps fill out the context. Nice work!

[@m.x.]

I had a realisation in the video you posted about the Eurasian nomads from the Eurasian Steppe, that most of the destruction of civilisations were done by people from the north in different moments of history. This video adds up more evidence to it.

[@TimRobertsen]

Love your videos! Watching them feels like a mental timetravel into the ancient world!

[@mver191]

Dan I want to hear your take on this : What if the story of Joseph in the Bible was just a remembrance to the start of the bronze age collapse? A long period of drought that only Egypt survived because they stored enough food. Because colonies and islands were dependent on trading ores for food, and no longer receiving any food because Mycenaea had barely any food itself, they came to get it themselves. Just to find out these empires completely collapsed and kept raiding barely defended settlements and cities for food. Just to find out it eventually solved nothing and went to Egypt where they heard was still food. The sea peoples lost against Egypt that was in a fairly stable state, but were also employed by Egypt that promised to feed them. Egypt settled them in Philistine as a buffer zone and they became the Philistines. One of these Philistine sea peoples, the Dan(yun) or perhaps even the Danoi, took side and the religion of the natives and became the tribe of Dan. Samson's (who is clearly a Greek style hero) hate for the Philistines and constantly battling them might give a clue to why they joined up with the natives : war or dislike against the other philistines. The Bible has a passage about the tribe of Dan which can be interpreted in various ways : "Dan will provide justice for his people as one of the tribes of Israel. Dan will be a serpent by the roadside, a viper along the path, that bites the horse's heels, so that it's rider tumbles backward. I look for your deliverance, O LORD" (Genesis 49:16-18)" To quote wikipedia about the tribe of Dan : "The land originally allocated to Dan was a small enclave in the central coastal area of Canaan, between Judah, Benjamin, Ephraim and the Philistines." "Their primary trade characteristic was seafaring, unusual for the Israelite tribes. In the Song of Deborah the tribe is said to have stayed on their ships with their belongings." "In the apocryphal Prayer of Asenath, Dan is portrayed as plotting with the Egyptian crown prince, against Joseph and Asenath." (the sea people were settled in Canaan by the Egyptians after started working with them) Another clue about their origins is : "The six hundred Danites, armed for battle, stood at the entrance to the gate. The five men who had spied out the land went inside and took the carved image, the ephod, the other HOUSEHOLD GODS and the cast IDOL while the priest and the six hundred armed men stood at the entrance to the gate. When the men went into Milcah's house and took the carved image, the ephod, the other household gods, and the cast idol, the priest said to them, 'What are you doing?' They answered him, 'Be quiet! Don't say a word! Come with us and be OUR FATHER AND PRIEST. Isn't it better that you serve a tribe and clan in Israel as priest rather than just one man's household?' Then the priest was glad" (Judges 18:16-20)." Here they employ a clearly "pagan" priest and use idols. So do you think there is any possiblity the tribe of Dan is actually a "converted" and integrated Philistine/sea people tribe?

[@KermRiv]

Interesting and plausible, but I don't think it's likely.

[@mercianthane2503]

No. Joseph lived way before that, perhaps around the 19th century BC. And his story is only centered around Egypt. Still Bronze Age.

[@mver191]

@@mercianthane2503 We don't know when Abraham lived. The Bible seems to remember very little facts from before the 9th century BC and most things seem to be vague rememberings. There is not a word about the Bronze Age collapse for example (despite 1/3th of the Levantine population dying). There is not a single word about the Egyptians occupying the Levant for most of the 2nd millenium BC, only pulling out just before the collapse of the bronze age. Joshua would've fought the Egyptian army, which he didn't. He seem to enter the Levant when it wasn't under control of a powerful empire. Which means he lived before the 17th century BC, or during the power vacuum left by Egypt when they pulled out right before the bronze age collapse in the 11th century BC. Places and tribes as well are mentioned that didn't exist yet for a long time. And especially not in the 17th century BC. Moses would've fled from Egypt to Egypt. Jericho did not have walls anymore (destroyed by Egypt after a revolt) and barely anybody lived there in the 2nd millenium BC. Only a few shepherds lived there. They started rebuilding the city and walls around the 7th century BC. This all points to me that during unification or during exile they stitched different (origin) stories from the tribes together into a single narrative.

[@mnomadvfx]

The problem is that you start from a presumption that events were as described and not tales of other people heard by the Israelites/Judeans and later retold through a Hebrew lens. I've seen significant discussion that implies much of the Torah was in fact tales of alternative near eastern origin and rewritten/recast to suit the Hebrew narrative by their priests.

[@mercianthane2503]

@@mver191 Nah, if the Exodus happened around 1450 BC or 1445 BC, then the Hebrews reached Jericho around 1410 or 1405 BC, and Jericho did had great walls around the 15th BC. In this case, Jacob and his family entered Egypt around 1850 BC. So this is around the Bronze Age. And the Bible is correct, for I do not place the Exodus around the 13th century BC, for it makes no sense.

[@brixcosmo]

Great Doc! Best Regards from Portugal ❤🇵🇹

[@fabricdragon]

depending on the size of the pylons their houses were on, and their livestock... it may have had benefits of allowing the pigs to rest in the shade under the houses (pigs being vulnerable to heat) or to raise the floor up enough to keep rats out of the house... much as later farmers raised their hay up on pylons to keep pets out of the hay stores

[@adolfhipsteryolocaust3443]

From a person living in the po valley: to keep from the water, it easily flods now even with al the canals and ways to keep from flooding, I immagine it was much worse before, when the majority of the po valley was a swamp

[@William-Marshall]

I enjoy your hard work. You do terrific work. Thank you for this and your generosity.

[@Ishkur23]

Interesting theory. Could the Greeks be describing the Terramere migration as the Dorian invasion? And the Minoan abandonment of the sea? And the destruction of Ugarit? And the battle of Djahy? While there may have been a huge migration, it seems almost too immense for one people to be responsible for all these things all at once. Perhaps there were several migrations, or a domino effect where one led to the other.

[@themercifulguard3971]

Don’t forget how the Trojan war conveniently fits into the time period as well as the mass migration of the Indo-European peoples throughout Eurasia

[@claudeschummer]

Thanks

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you so much, this is my very first super thanks.

[@josephang9927]

Those houses constructed on poles may also be to avoid some rodents and rotten walls. In Puerto Rico and other parts of Latin America people some people used to build houses like that just a few decades ago.

[@j3i2i2yl7]

I recall a story about mountain villagers in Vietnam who were relocated during the war to a valley where villagers built homes elevated on stilts. The story was that the mountain people who built their homes low to the ground suffered from diseases born by mosquitos that generally flew low.

[@williewonka6694]

Great video. Very interesting description of this lost and nearly forgotten people. Wonderful detail of their homes, settlements and culture. Enjoyed the exploration of the causes of this migration, which deepens understanding of this period of history.

[@rilonius2865]

I believe the Terramare Culture were the speakers of Proto-Italic and they migrated south across Italy spreading Italic languages when they disappeared.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Could be yes or that could have been a later introduction.

[@robertforrester578]

Just plain old good work Brother. Thanks from Philadelphia

[@yeraycatalangaspar195]

Gotta see the vid, but man Terramare is some kickass name.

[@bambasue88]

This is an amazing video, it really helps my understanding of this period

[@scottfoster3548]

Brilliant as usual particularly the Bronze age trade network description. Imagine one of the dudes that has to transport that raw metal or goods AND the strange ancient people/lands you would come upon transporting goods through this network WHOA HOW about a visit to the Black Sea culture and its empires.

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you.

[@kalixkatt]

Amazing content, facinating and educational.

[@douglasr9163]

This exodus of the Terramare and their movements into Mycenaean Greece and the Aegean makes me think about what else could've affected this Bronze Age collapse. Since this exodus is occurring around the same time the Trojan War is said to have ended, and considering there is still ongoing work on what is believed to be the city of Troy in Anatolia, perhaps the Trojan War may have been part of the conflicts between the Egyptians and the Hittites. With the Troy possibly being a Hittite city or vassal state. The prolonged conflict between the Mycenaeans and the Trojans would've likely decimated the population and food supply of the Mycenaeans, considering the ever worsening environmental conditions the Mediterranean was undergoing at the time. The Mycenaean kingdoms would've begun collapsing due to famine and internal conflict, affecting the trade routes. And it is likely that the arrival of peoples such as the Terramare and other migrating slavic and germanic peoples was the final nail in the coffin. Since the exodus of the Terramare seems to occur around the same time as the collapse of the Mycenaeans. It's absolutely fascinating to see and I can't wait to see what future discoveries show us about the Bronze Age Collapse.

[@manzelli1981]

I love where you’re going with this! I’m 1/3 of the way through the video and I’m really wondering how this collapse/disappearance lines up with geopolitical issues and ecological issues from the same time period that we know about already. Things don’t happen for no reason, just like you’re driving at ^^

[@RonJohn63]

21:44 That violin bow pin reminds me of a safety pin.

[@samuelleandro2275]

Terramare is one badass of a name ngl

[@DanDavisHistory]

That's what the 19th century Italian farmers called the earth they harvested from these sites. The archaeologists got it from them.

[@fawnmalone410]

Great production, even the background music is well chosen!

[@YUVALDERFNER]

I saw on your maps that one Terramare ceramic group was present in at least one site in Cillicia, south east Anatolia. Do you have the name of the site? I've currently been writing an essay for my BA archeology about the sea people colonies of the late LB in Hittite empire and their connections to its collapse. It could support your thesis about the Terramare people mixing in the mycenean migration to the near east (as locally preduced late Helladic IIIc is present in Cillicia at contemporary contexts).

[@geoffreyfoster8039]

LB ? Long Beach?

[@biglittlesplinter]

you're in the recommendations! so glad to have stumbled upon ya

[@letthetunesflow]

Thank you so much for spending such effort researching for your own amazing books, and then sharing that information you learn with us! You are such a great teacher! You may not be an expert, but you sure can share the information you learn in a way few can! Thank you once again, and please never stop! You have a fan for life here! Please make sure to let us know whenever you release a new one of your books please! Cheers!

[@jacksonquinn8744]

Great work Dan, truly. I've enjoyed every upload

[@vinito19]

Could you please do some videos about Bronze-age Iberia? Thank you.

[@theuniversejumper]

Just discovered your videos, and can I say, even apart from the great content, your voice is super calming! Very relaxing

[@buckystanton9139]

amazing video! Which source discusses the swords in Arcadia exactly? I do anthropology of archaeology (Mt. Lykaion) and I've talked, somewhat fantastically, with archaeologists there about a presumed lost bronze age palace complex in Arcadia. Perhaps terramare evidence can help out!

[@DanDavisHistory]

Thank you very much. I think it was Kristian Kristiansen but might have been Andrea Cardarelli - he's the main Terramare dude.