How Does A Plane Wing Work?

Make your own paper plane wing, learn how it works and generates lift. Use a hair drier and watch it take off. Fun aerofoil science experiment for kids to try at home. We look at Bernoulli's principle and Newtons third law of motion. More Fun Science Projects: • Denser Than You Think ...
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Music: Olde Timey Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
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[@DaveHax]

What was the last flight you went on? Where did you go?

[@adesumengkar2098]

FIRST

[@everythinginguitar6141]

Uhmm in malaysia

[@marthadsilva2953]

To see world cup in *ENGLAND* 🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿🏴󠁧󠁢󠁥󠁮󠁧󠁿

[@tacocat6830]

Hi

[@ni1220]

Sweden 🇸🇪

[@kokoslegend4850]

You missed the horizontal stabilizers in the drawing. Without that, a plane is uncontrollable.

[@progamingyoutubevloger6620]

The only exception is the concord. But yes the elevator is for pitch/up and down.

[@kokoslegend4850]

@@progamingyoutubevloger6620 that's because of the very wide wing shape, a concord can be controlled with elevons. This means that the ailerons can be the elevator at the same time. Horizontal stabilizers weren't needed because the wing was so wide: from the front to the tail. The plane he showed can't miss the horizontal stabilizers.

[@maksedits933]

I added them as you suggested and it works better, thanks!

[@PantherAusfG]

I noticed it too 😂

[@PERNTNOTFOUND]

​@@progamingyoutubevloger6620"the only exception is concorde" They are many more who use elevons so yeah.... mainly with delta wings but yeah

[@mikk.]

Does anyone else legit just watch these videos but are too lazy to actually try and make it lol *_PRETTY COOL HUH_*

[@badfutplayer6250]

yeah me

[@cool_mat99]

This was just fuckin stupid kids woe do this they am into iPad n ps4 or xbox

[@nawfpawz]

I don't have any hairdryer. Would you like to bought me one?

[@n0turm0m69]

Me to

[@cool_mat99]

@Adrian 20 braćova only saying wha I think kids today they ay like how it was 15 years ago 20 ago

[@marthadsilva2953]

*PRETTY COOL HUH* THIS DIALOGUE NEVER GO OLD

[@ВладимирИльин-о4к]

The lift force of the wing profile is created due to the difference (difference, Delta) in atmospheric pressure. Another thing is why two such zones are being created? The most working hypothesis is that the mass of air elements - molecules - have inertia. And this inertia of the air flowing around the front upper part of the wing creates a vacuum zone behind it, and the oncoming lower part of the wing is a very small seal. Compaction is a weak force in this pair, and vacuum is a much larger share in the lift of the wing. This is what explains the behavior of your model in the film.

[@iamsherk2605]

Dude, now I think he's a professor.😂

[@dark-shadow_]

ѕαѕѕу Eઙŧɧεя internet

[@byeetch]

Doesn't that mean you didn't graduate high school?

[@RizLazey]

Im not a nerd nor a smart kid but those things exist in high school And i am very bad/noob at it XD

[@iamsherk2605]

@@byeetch Sorry for the late reply. I knew DaveHax is popularly known for his lifehacks and reviews and this video is clearly not a lifehack but more educational. This content is somewhat new for me to watch coming from his channel that's why I said that, maybe he's a professor in real life. And I graduated high school. 🙌

[@byeetch]

@@iamsherk2605 Late reply? Bruh it's been 9 months. Also, my point was that at least where I live this stuff is already taught in like, high school rather than in college or university. So a better intepretation would probably be a teacher rather than a professor lmao.

[@reasonitout9087]

Dave, Thanks for explaining that Bernoulli's principle is a mis-applied and incorrect explanation for wing lift. The Coanda effect , or "Wall Attachment effect", is responsible for the laminar air flow on the top surface to follow the contour of the wing (if the angle if attack is not great enough to stall the wing).Proof experiment: gently hold a soup spoon with its convex surface slowly nearer and nearer to a running faucet's stream of running water. As soon as the water stream just touches the backside of the stream, the Coanda effect will attach the stream to the spoon and instantly pull the spoon (lift!) closer to the stream. The fluid pulls the air out from the boundary of the spoon and the water creating a low pressure area which allows atmospheric air pressure to push the spoon and water together. You will have created "horizontal" lift. Key point, the resultant water flow is now flowing in a new direction. THAT is the downward reflection of air coming off the trailing egde of the plane. If you put pressure gauges on the ground under the flight path of a plane just taking off, a higher pressure will be momentarily sensed. Now hear this: the total mass of downward moving air coming off the trailing edge of a flat or airfoil shaped wing is equal in that instant, to the TOTAL WEIGHT OF THE AIRCRAFT. Fly a giant imaginary scale under the plane as it is flying and it will measure most if the weight of the plane as it is flying....the giant air cushion is there. Wing tip vortices are simply the faster downward moving air and the realtively level air near the tips if the wing attempting to re-join...causing dangerous for too-close- following aircraft, rotary clear air horizontal rotary turbulence. Who said "Every force has an opposite but equal reaction." ? Right. Put an entire jumbo jet on a giant scale or table and the plane will transfer its weight through the table to the ground. How else could anything be supported? The push of the wings of a flying plane essentially push down on the air. The faster the air flow the "harder" or more solid the air becomes. Thus , faster plane, smaller wings. The final question NOBODY is asking is "why are wings fatter in the middle? Elementary dear Watson! Answer: That is where the support spar was when marerial science had provided only limited strength materials. Look at the airfoil of an X-15. Practically flat. And to make it very clear...planes actually can fly upside down. I learned this when I was 10 years old from flying .049 powered U-controlled (control line) model airplanes that I designed and Not from incorrect science books. I am a pilot.

[@ItsHorizonAviations]

Nice! i could use this for my science fair! Thanks

[@azali284]

Never did I understand how planes really flew until your experiment. Thank you.

[@ImRyanP3756]

I knew most things about airplanes Some of this I learned from you Thanks Dave

[@marcago3710]

I knew all of the plus some more

[@peter_shadow7559]

Please folks, this is a simple experiment to understand how physics and an airplane can work. It's kind of silly to ask about horizontal stabilizer and other things that are obviously not relevant since the purpose of this video is to provide a basic explanation. Stop asking nonsense.

[@barrysnelson4404]

An aerofoil cross section is a worthwhile improvement over a flat plate, but only that. A 50p balsa model, from the toy shop, flies well enough with no curvature at all to its wing. George Cayley defined flight perfectly. "Flight is the application of power to the resistance of air".

[@snchzls]

(GASP!) The explanation was perfect. I hope you’ll make more educational videos like this one.

[@anthonyaddoumie8550]

I really enjoyed this video since it is a bit more science centered and it also has a pretty simple way for explanation that even kids will understand i would like to see more videos like this

[@rhyfelwrDuw]

My son was studying aeronautical engineering in ICL - he did try and explain a few things, but it flew over my head (haha)!

[@tahaansari5490]

You can see that the straw is tilting rightward, so maybe you could reduce friction between the straw and the string if the string was also slightly tilted rightward. great video as always :)

[@ccornell63]

He said he intentionally inserted it w a forward bias for the airfoil to tilt back, unfortunately that wasn’t the resulting behavior

[@JENILJOSHI-qj6uq]

hi im jenil from india i would like to thank you that you made this video for us and i request you to make more videos on this in heavily detailed also some aerodynamics in simple language thx GREETINGS FROM INDIA

[@david_porthouse]

An aeroplane with a symmetrical wing section like NACA 0012 can fly quite easily, and can fly upside down as well. How do you explain this? The equal transit time theory is correct if the fluid is liquid helium, but no net lift is produced. Can you explain why?

[@aeroboy14]

I think I'm going to say this is the best lift video on youtube right now. At least from my perspective. The flat bottom curved top shape still producing lift because of the downward resultant flow direction is the key IMO. I still don't understand WHY the flow on the top of the wing is faster and making lower pressure because it obviously is on the smoke experiments. So there is a mystery there, but the resultant force makes more sense to me on why flat bottom aerofoils still lift.

[@anirudhmenon5280]

Great experiment showing how the airflow over the top of the airfoil can aid in the generation of lift. Also, good catch on how the equal transit time linked with Bernoulli’s explanation is false. Expanding on this by further placing an airfoil in a wind tunnel it can also be observed that the pressure in the Flow-field is the same around the airfoil (sourced from How do wings work? Holger Babinsky 2003 Phys. Educ. 38 497), thus further showing flaws in Bernoulli’s explanation of lift.

[@socialawk965]

1:59 complicated talk Me: that looks like a whale and some waves... I can’t even draw like that...

[@Francisco-j1e]

Its not complicated if you know a little bit basic physics...its very simple actually.....

[@sorenweyenberg3903]

Honestly I learn more from this than school

[@sorenweyenberg3903]

I'm not homeschooled

[@jadecummings8093]

Wow, that's so awesome! Thanks for sharing about it! 😉

[@muhammedali4306]

ur drawing is sooo beautiful I LIKE it

[@KiaraLionessTM]

This guy can draw an airplane better than I can 😂❤

[@bro_FREE]

Well explained. I was looking for a good way to explain this to my kids and will try the experiment with them.

[@n0turm0m69]

Im happy you made this channel bc a long time ago i suffered with sickness until i watched this channel thank you so much

[@myusername3689]

Modern fighter aircraft have fuselages shaped like airfoils to generate lift along with the wings to aid in slow speed stability as well as high speed maneuverability.

[@Resistculturaldecline]

Cool project. Just needs a little longer straw

[@rcaviationswitzerland186]

And the horizontal stabilize?

[@liamgeula]

I was just looking in the comments to see if anyone would notice that

[@josephobetta2732]

@@liamgeula me too

[@awesomeknowledge.awesomekn1411]

Actually, it is a combination of Newton's 3rd law, and the Coanda effect that makes a plane fly, not the Bernoulli principle. The Bernoulli principle is only applicable in a closed tube.

[@Observ45er]

That's not correct either. There is No Coanda effect near a wing. Coanda is defined as a jet or sheet of air blown into an otherwise still air environment. It also has constant entrainment. The wing has neither of these. The upward lift force comes from the top-bottom pressure difference. THAT is ALL the upward lifting force. . This short video explains the lower pressure above the wing. Give it a thumbs up if you understand it. *kzbin.info/www/bejne/aX62opWkl7B3o68* .

[@cndbrn7975]

Lesson 8 - Adventures with Bernoulli - Demonstrations in Physics kzbin.info/www/bejne/foumnYNjop6aaJY

[@JesusCruz-my3ob]

The upper flow is faster and from Bernoulli’s equation the pressure is lower. The difference in pressure across the airfoil produces the lift. As we have seen in Experiment #1, this part of the theory is correct. In fact, this theory is very appealing because many parts of the theory are correct. In our discussions on pressure-area integration to determine the force on a body immersed in a fluid, we mentioned that if we know the velocity, we can obtain the pressure and determine the force. The problem with the “Equal Transit” theory is that it attempts to provide us with the velocity based on a non-physical assumption as discussed above. NASA

[@NivaldoRibeiro82]

The shape of the wing is not the key point for 'why the airplanes flies'. Aerobatics airplanes has a symmetric wing :D

[@jamsmoore]

2:00 a.m no blue!! weird trick.. now look 2:00 a.

[@chiragsharan8145]

2:00 a.m

[@cronibet]

Aerodynamics of an elephant

[@MrBigGuy1977]

??

[@multigamerinfinite]

There' s *USUALLY* two wings ...and of course, the engines!Which *USUALLY* hang off the wings

[@smilingmayonnaise8089]

About the engine, depends on the plane

[@incog0956]

Well yeah, you can have more wings. And engines don't have to hang off

[@noobethgamingtonthethird]

what engines I’m on a plane rn and there’s just fire and the pilot grabbing on to the wing and we are heading towards a island

[@multigamerinfinite]

@@noobethgamingtonthethird oh you have a lucky plane!That's very rare

[@noobethgamingtonthethird]

yea I’m very lucky

[@bradybrother100]

DaveHax- Planes generally have two wings... Me- Yah don't say

[@spinoraptorex101]

Well I thought they had 37. I was completely wrong

[@g2ltt733]

Some plane have 4 but ok

[@geoffringham1051]

Very well explained and demonstrated Sir 👍 Thank you.

[@Donteatacowman]

I'm still confused by why the air on top of the wing is faster. It is going the same speed as the bottom air originally, but it now has more distance to cover. You would think that it would be going slower, not faster. I mean... I do remember from physics that horizontal acceleration doesn't change even if vertical speed changes (so a thrown ball going 15 mph south would still be going 15mph south as it drops, except for friction slowing it down). So is the idea that the air is still going sideways at a constant speed, but a new force is making it go vertical? Because if that's the case, then because it is covering that same distance, it's going to be moving quicker... if there's some other force that is also keeping it stuck to the wing instead of climbing the first hump and then flying off parallel to the bottom wing. I'm not sure if I'm making sense but I feel like I'm missing something.

[@MaxMustermann-bm7qt]

Pressure, your missing pressure. You treat air like a stone. Sadly i cannot draw in a youtube comment.

[@cndbrn7975]

Lesson 8 - Adventures with Bernoulli - Demonstrations in Physics kzbin.info/www/bejne/foumnYNjop6aaJY

[@toms5517]

You can try this experiment without the hair dryer. Use a length of fishing line(smoother, therefore less friction) about 3-4 ft long. Hold each end of the string in a vertical position with your left hand at the bottom and right at the top. Keeping the string taunt, spin in the direction of the leading edge(front) of the wing. You won’t make a whole revolution and the wing will climb from bottom to top quickly. The faster you spin, the quicker the wing climbs. You can also do this by holding the wing in front of a fan. If you are demonstrating this for younger students (elementary/jr high) it gets their attention quickly. I did this demonstration with my students(7th grade) and than broke into lab groups so they could build their own.

[@barrotem5627]

Amazing ! Learned from this.

[@Observ45er]

It's wrong.

[@engineerahmed7248]

u can put vertical tail below too to stabilize for wing from below too

[@Wopara]

How

[@engineerahmed7248]

@@Wopara tail simply doesnt have to be above. U just need more vertical area behind CG 4 stability

[@PhysiologyShark]

The category should be EDUCATION

[@Observ45er]

Misinformation.

[@Glicksman1]

Fits of all, air does not move past the wing. The wing moves through the air. Big difference. Downwash at the trailing ede= lift. Period. Other smaller effects (upwash, pressure differences, etc.) are not significant.

[@sasmita_tripathy]

My Son Loved This Experiment............He Will Try Sooner Or Later

[@MrBhujbalgv]

DaveHx. You are wonderful teacher thanks for sharing this vedio.

[@timucinbahsi445]

i'd like to point out the reason i subscribed. u used the least amount of resources to get the job done. u didn't even tie the rope on the board because the weight was sufficient enough. no extra workhours were needed there. cheers

[@ItsHorizonAviations]

I could use this for my science fair! Thanks!

[@ruthukumar9451]

Very nice trick of takeoff explained well here ...👌

[@MrPoem-rq7pz]

Friend: Wassup Me: The sky...

[@DownhillCube4]

What about the 2 small wings at the back of the plane with the flaps?

[@DownhillCube4]

@Barron Celli don't all planes require them to fly ?

[@Tom-tm6bu]

@Adrian Stevanovic Uhm, planes do not need a vertical stabilizer, and the Concorde does not have a canard, so stop spreading bullshit yourself. Are you even a pilot?

[@Tom-tm6bu]

@@DownhillCube4 actually, most planes have them indeed to be able to vertically rotate. But some can fly without. Looking at the Concorde, the wing went far to the back of the plane, and had "elevators" next to the "ailerons". The elevator is the part that moves in the back wing, to make a downforce or upforce to rotate the plane vertically. The Concorde had the elevators at the back of the wings, and it works as good as a normal back wing. Planes can also have a "canard", which is a back wing, but placed in the front, like a tupolev 144, the Russian clone of the Concorde. This also works like a normal back wing, but then the other way around.

[@Tom-tm6bu]

@Adrian Stevanovic well, I am and have about 430 hours logged. About the Concorde, it has no horizontal stabilizer, but it has elevators next to the ailerons in the wing. I am pretty sure that is what I said. And there are planes that don't need a horizontal stabilizer, there are even planes with no tail and they can fly perfectly. About the TU-144, the stabilizers you were talking about are canards. Google it mate, it's not hard :)

[@Tom-tm6bu]

@Adrian Stevanovic And oh yeah, you said that the Concorde had small elevators at the nose. Where did you learn that?

[@tyronehernandez9962]

Wish I had found this experiment instead of Pitsco. This is much more kid friendly

[@SuperShadow-dl4sn]

This man deserves an oscar. 10/10 video would watch again

[@heinnandaa4igcse870]

You're very good at drawing, DaveHax

[@vijayamalraj9679]

Thank you very much ..,I like this experiment. Good

[@tanmaymestry2209]

Dave hax Have you done aeronautical engineering?

[@MASB29]

I'm an aerospace engineering student, and I'm so impressed by the physics that he is trying to explain, that's so much more than what I get in high school

[@thellamaking7248]

Davehax the Science Teacher or I mean Physics Teacher

[@petuniaskunk2316]

(DaveHax Has Posted A Video On 6:18AM, June 14 2019

[@ContentDeleted10332]

Yeah so

[@noobethgamingtonthethird]

I clicc fastt

[@petuniaskunk2316]

@Noobie The animatronic 😏

[@jakeharvey05]

Nice practical example

[@PratikShankar18]

Excellent explanation

[@lemon5155]

Very deducational fir children Nice

[@donutsaviation2543]

Better than learning this at school

[@Triggered-RC]

Awesome. Bringing this to my science class tomorrow... The wing, not the video.

[@danielthomas6178]

LOVE YOUR VIDEOS!❤️

[@DaveHax]

Thanks!

[@GoodKnight71]

Very cool. Nice demonstration!!

[@everald]

I’ve just noticed that 99 percent of Dave’s videos,there is at least 50 comments about Dave saying pretty cool huh? PRETTY COOL HUH?

[@EthanDolan61101]

Hey, Dave Could You please do an experiment showing the mechanics of Steam Locomotives?

[@nicklm99]

The maths does not work out. The experiment above demonstrates how little lift is generated by the paper wing on a string, when exposed to horizontal relative airflow (headwind) created by the hair dryer. More precisely, the experiment above shows that: - A hair dryer typically produces approximately a 50 km/hr airflow over a 4 cm (0.04 meters) wide distance (i.e. wingspan). This can be verified using a anemometer with any standard hair dryer. - The horizontal airflow from the hair dryer allows the paper wing with an estimated mass of about 20 g (0.02 kg) to rise relatively slowly upwards. - This means that a 50 km/hr relative airflow over a 1 meter wingspan, is equivalent to 25 hair dryers (25 = 1 m / 0.04 m). - The 50 km/hr airflow would generate lift sufficient for only 0.1 kg of aircraft mass (0.1 kg = 0.02 kg * 25) for each meter of wingspan. - The calculation means that a Cessna 172’s 11 meter wingspan, exposed to a 50 km/hr relative airflow, would generate enough lift for just 1.1 kg of aircraft mass (1.1 kg = 0.1 kg/m * 11 m). This lift (of 1.1 kg) is significantly less that the Cessna 172’s MTOW of about 1,100 kg !!! Although, the Cessna 172 stall airspeed is about 90 km/hr. Even almost doubling the relative airflow from 50 km/hr to 90 km/hr, will still not generate enough lift for the Cessna 172 to fly, according to this paper experiment. The maths does not work out, unless I've missed something ?

[@gamingkemaze2021]

So both principles work?

[@kristjantiido3174]

Very well explained

[@srinivasguduru161]

Super explanation 👍

[@reenokopli]

0:10 4 wings 2 big front ones 2 small tail ones

[@pilotjdb]

You just forgot the horizontal stablizer, the plane won't be able to control it's pitch and would be uncontrollable.

[@victortimi9264]

Wow wow wow this is really encouraging

[@allisona141]

You should start adding MLA format citations under your videos for easy citing.

[@nousoualor8652]

Davehax is now Davefacts

[@ni1220]

Hiii we love u ♥️

[@DaveHax]

Thanks!

[@almaarias474]

You're a great drawer, dave hax!

[@ganprottas6259]

you are right it is pretty cool!

[@lucksman110]

The stabalizers also has the rudder to control the planes direction.

[@caelanclark8149]

the shape of a airplane wing (Airfoil) Wich is a curved shape at the top but is flat at the bottom. Due to bernulies principle- The faster air is moving the lower the pressure. the air will move faster on the top will make lower pressure. the lower pressure will pull the wind up and the slow moving air will make a lower pressure than the pressure on top. you can do a experament with bernulies principle- fold a paperr into a shape with 2 walls and a roof with a floor, do not use the paper for the floor use a table. it should look like a tunnel. Blow in the tunnel the low pressure air will suck the paper to the desk.

[@AmbientMorality]

Statement 1 and Statement 2 do not logically lead to Statement 3.

[@guptariaz5214]

First BTW I'm a big fan(:

[@currykingwurst6393]

14th

[@tinytonymaloney7832]

Well explained that

[@flubdreload2818]

I’m just confused on the relation between velocity of the air and the pressure of the air. Why does higher velocity air create LESS air pressure?

[@thereisnomeincooldudebutth5436]

the particles become farther apart. like how if air is heated up the particles do the same thing, speed up and spread out

[@daviddavids2884]

some late information because air is STATIONARY, there is NO flow, and no difference between the 'transit speeds/times' above and below a wing. as a result, ANY results from a wind tunnel-type apparatus are less-than completely accurate. it's just a happy accident that bernoulli's math works reasonably well, for stationary fluid/air.

[@karunathilakaabeysekara8642]

Thank you

[@sorgfaeltig]

At time 2:45 to 2:49 it is told that the "air flowing over the top of the wing flows at a higher speed is resulting in a lower pressure". Is is also a fallacy like the "equal time fallacy". It is the wrong placing of cause and effect. The EFFECT is the higher speed of the air the CAUSE is the lower pressure which accelerates the air when flowing into the low pressure area. If you believe the higher speed of the airflow causes the lower pressure, then you would have to state the cause for the higher speed. As we have seen the longer path is NOT the cause for the higher speed because the "equal time argument" is wrong.

[@robertfernandes9783]

Nice job

[@MenwalEdits]

Hey dave, just wondering, does this work when you make the wing with normal A4 paper? or do you need it to be a bit stiff?

[@Observ45er]

Answer this. Why does it follow the upper surface behind it and flow down instead of following the lower surface and floe straight back? What it the physical law that determines that?

[@antonbratinov582]

Man's prepared for article 13. GG

[@dl6633]

Wow! Pretty cool stuff!

[@sscproductions1314]

0:53 where is the horizontal stabiliser

[@kashifa723]

I might make this for my science fair project

[@ItsHorizonAviations]

Same!

[@ryzenoctavian]

Uhm... Where's the horizontal stabiliser

[@beast0791]

Bernoulli principles is for fluids so how can we apply it for air particles?

[@IShowVelocity.]

Caz anything that is not a solid is a fluid Air is not solid, thus its a fluid

[@d4thetesor778]

can you do a video on how to make a DIY Wind Vane using different kinds of items like popsicle sticks? thanks :)

[@DARMOMU_TOKPED]

What if i threw the paper plane (without wire/rope) from a 4 story building? Would it fly?

[@Observ45er]

This is a nice wind tunnel set up, but NO. The faster speed above *does not cause the lowered pressure* . 'The lower pressure is the cause of the faster speed because higher pressure ahead of the wing pushes more, therefore accelerating the air rearward. If you correctly examine these pressures it should be obvious that it is these same pressures that are the cause of the downwash. Pressure gradients accelerate fluid; the same as forces accelerate mass. It is Newton's Laws for fluids. Use two strings spaced side by side and have the string not rub on the straw so much.

[@aie007]

Thanks needed this

[@ARieLvsCutTaRi]

at first, i thought the wing lift because the bottom part. now i know its the upper part that causing lift

[@flexman70]

Your string isnt straight 90 degress up and down that's why the straw is rubbing against the string.