David Bohm's Pilot Wave Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics

To check out the physics courses that I mentioned (many of which are free!) and to support this channel, go to brilliant.org/Sabine/ and create your Brilliant account. The first 200 will get 20% off the annual premium subscription.
In this video I explain how Bohmian mechanics, also known as the Pilot Wave Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics works, and what is good and bad about it. I also tell you a little about the history of the subject because I think it is helpful to understand the situation in which the subject is today.
You can join the chat on this week's video on Sunday, Oct 18, at 6pm CEST:
talk.conversful.com/c?id=-MJh...
Or on Tuesday, Oct 20, at 6pm CEST:
talk.conversful.com/c?id=-MJh...
Photo of David Bohm: Wikipedia Commons
Photo of De Broglie: Harcourt, Wellcome Collection. Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)
Photo of Einstein: F. Schmutzer/Wikipedia Commons
Photo of Niels Bohr: Wikipedia Commons
Photo of Leon Rosenfeld: UC Berkeley, Online Archive
Photo of Robert Oppenheimer: Ed Westcott, DOE DIgital ARchive, Wikipedia Commons
#physics #quantum #science
0:00 Intro and Content Summary
0:20 History
0:52 The Copenhagen Interpretation
3:28 Bohmian Mechanics
5:55 The Good
7:28 The Bad
9:29 What does it mean?
11:07 Sponsor Message

[@alaspooryorick9946]

It's also worth mentioning that Bohm was fired, his PhD research confiscated and classified before he could write a thesis, and shortly after publishing his theory he was exiled to Brazil and not able to return. Kinda makes giving talks and defending one's ideas pretty tricky.

[@tech-utuber2219]

Yes, that is detailed in Adam Becker’s book which I mentioned earlier.

[@alaspooryorick9946]

@@tech-utuber2219 what a great book

[@simonlawrenson6972]

@wubs23 Bohm was at one point a Marxist and because of his communist sympathies he was driven out of academia

[@edweinb]

McCarthy destroyed a lot of good people.

[@jackwillis5446]

@@simonlawrenson6972 So was Oppenheimer's "deviationism" remark a reference to Bohm's Marxism? Hmm...

[@AshutoshKumar-vq9tt]

Feynman: I would rather have questions that can't be answered than answers that can't be questioned.

[@Gregorovitch144]

I'm gonna have to try to remember that one :)

[@sirmclovin9184]

Yeah, that not being allowed to question the textbook narrative is actually one of the reasons why Bohm developed his theory.

[@jamestheotherone742]

The irony here is that his obtuseness is what led directly to the mysticism of QM and its gross misunderstanding in academia.

[@sirmclovin9184]

Actually, Bohr and the rest of the Copenhagen school are to a large part to blame for this. Mara Beller has written on this extensively.

[@drrtfm]

Physics-Theory Community: Bohm theory can't make testable predictions; we should therefore reject it. Also Physics-Theory Community: String Theory can't make testable predictions; sounds excellent; let's focus 100% of our efforts there and never hire anyone who wants to consider alternatives. Swizz Patent Office: Wanted: Patent Clerk. Must possess a physics degree.

[@dcorgard]

Thank you! My professor summed up the Copenhagen Interpretation of QM for us by saying, "There are questions you are not supposed to ask" - which is so hilarious from a scientific view that it's plainly sad.

[@andrefigueiredo4805]

That is literally the antithesis of what science is. That almost sounds like something you would ear from church leaders in the 1400s in Europe or something

[@EinsteinsHair]

@@andrefigueiredo4805 Ask whatever you want, but every scientific theory has some assumptions and some region where it is applicable. Newton only tells you how to calculate gravitational forces. He cannot tell you why masses pull on each other, so don't ask him. Ask Einstein instead. Also, I absolutely forbid you to divide by zero, lest the devil seek your soul. Besides, it is beyond the scope of this discussion.

[@jaydenwilson9522]

You're onto something buddy. It was the Church and continually IS the Church. The "Invisible" Church behind the Abrahamic Religions. LOL The White Hats and Black Hats are one in the same. They play the Villain and Hero. While leading Society closer and closer to the Abyss. And when one finally finds "God" ..... then welcome to the commercialisation of one's personally relationship to said God. @@andrefigueiredo4805

[@jaydenwilson9522]

And don't you dare question the Principles or Axioms that dictate that 1*0=0 and 1*1=1 or the Church will come after you too!@@EinsteinsHair

[@cavejohnson4054]

Atheists don't like Bohmian mechanics because it proves the existence of God

[@clmasse]

Schrödinger wasn't in the Copenhagen group. At the Solvay congress, he disputed the Copenhagen interpretation together with Einstein, De Broglie and others. This is related in De Broglie's books.

[@jamestheotherone742]

This. Although, he was involved in it. So its not truly accurate to say he "wasn't in it", He was in it, just didnt' agree.

[@Alexander_Sannikov]

Schrodinger cat in itself was his thought experiment to show how ridiculous Copenhagen interpretation is. But I don't think he had an alternative interpretation so over time he just de facto fell into Copenhagen camp, I guess.

[@clmasse]

@@Alexander_Sannikov Schrödinger had penty of interpretations, verging to the paranormal. At the same congress, alternatives were presented and discussed, especially the pilot wave theory of De Broglie. This is the usual rewriting of history.

[@clmasse]

@@jamestheotherone742 Schrödinger worked alone from De Broglie's thesis, he was involved neither in the Göttingen, nor in the Copenhagen schools.

[@justneoh8253]

Come to comment section to say this, and was not disappointed to see others have said this. Thanks

[@whitehorse1959]

I look forward to Sabine's new song "Bohmian Rhapsody."

[@johnboze]

First Thing I Thought Of Too, So Here It Goes: Bohmian Rhapsody The Bohmian Rhapsody Challenge: (aka When Geeks Write Lyrics To Classical Mechanics Songs!) Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy? Caught in a landslide, No escape from Relativity. Open your eyes, Look up to the skies and see, I'm just a poor boy, I need no sympathy, (seriously both) Because I'm easy come, easy go, Little high, little low, Any way the Æther blows Relativity doesn't really matter to me, to me. Mama, just killed Relativity, Put logic in his head, Pulled my Inception, now Relativity "dead". Mama, my new life has just begun, Now I've gone and thrown Relativity away. Mama, ooh, Didn't mean to make you happy, If I'm not back again this time tomorrow, Carry on, carry on, like the EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles carries all Momentum, because Relativity doesn't matter. Too late, the time of the Æther has come, Sends shivers down my spine, Mind is thinking all the time. Goodbye, Relativity, time for you to go, Got to leave all 100 year old lies behind , and face the truth. Mama, ooh (Any way the Æther blows), I don't want to sigh, I sometimes wish I'd never solved TTOE at all. I see a little silhouetto of a man, Scaramouche, Scaramouche, will you do the Fandango? Thunderbolt and lightning very, very frightening me. (Galileo) Galileo. (Galileo) Galileo, Galileo Figured it out. Magnifico-o-o-o-o. I'm just a poor boy, nobody loves Relativity. He's just a poor boy from a Space Faring Family, Spare him his life from this monstrosity (Relativity). Easy come, easy go, will you let Relativity go? Bismillah! No, he will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Bismillah! He will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Bismillah! He will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Never let Relativity go (Never, never, never, never let Relativity go) Oh oh oh oh No, no, no, no, no, no, no Oh, mama mia, mama mia (Mama mia, let Relativity go.) Einstein has a put the devil inside of me, of me, of me. So you think you can warp space and time, LOL? So you think you can love Relativity and the truth you deny? Oh, baby, can't do this to me, baby, Just gotta get out, just gotta get Relativity right outta here. (Ooooh, ooh yeah, ooh yeah) EMG Kinetic Dipoles really are Matter, Anyone can see, EMG Kinetic Dipoles really are Matter, EMG Kinetic Dipoles ,really are Matter, you see. Any way the Æther blows... BRAVE'S TENET’s of NATURE 1. Space cannot be bent or warped. 2. Time cannot be bent or warped. 3. All forces are from collisions of EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles. 4. The Vacuum and all Particles are filled with only EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles. The readers digest version of how Nature actually works. [The Name of the EMG Kinetic Dipole is the "Bożeon". ("God Particle" in Polish). This is the very same EM Dipole you learned about in 3rd Grade studying bar magnets. Simply put the "Bożeon", the EMG Kinetic Dipole Particle is what makes up the "EM and Gravitational Fields" and all particles and causes all forces via collisions. The EMG Kinetic Dipole has mass, Dipole axis dependent Moments of Inertia, volume, surface area, and velocity (linear and angular) with more mass distribution at the North or Positive end. EMG Dipole Particles are on the order of 1x10^120 meters in length. The Fine Structure Constant defines the Effective Cross Sectional Area and Coefficient of Drag of the Photon and can be extrapolated down to also describe the EMG Kinetic Dipoles Effective Cross Sectional Area and Coefficient of Drag. The Drag of Photons through the "Wind of Dipoles" causes Photons to reach a Terminal Velocity of "c", the max speed of photon particles in an "atmosphere of kinetic dipole gas".] [ Polish is the nationality of the one who conceived the EMG Kinetic Dipole Particle and he knew Wernher von Braun, Alan Shepard, John Young, and was in Firing Room 1 at his DDAS Telemetry Network Terminal helping launch Neil and Buzz to the Moon. He had a stellar understanding of reality and Gravity. He helped conquer Gravity in 1969-1973, and post humorously conquered Gravity a Second Time.] [In short a Bose Gas of Bożeons fills the Vacuum and it's Mass and Energy Density Gradients cause the Bożeon's normal path of travel to deviate, bend, toward higher density Bożeon regions of space. This causes light (Photons, made of Vortexing EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles) to change their momentum vector in space under a variable index of refraction due do variable Dipole Density Gradients throughout space. This alters all particle motion around massive objects causes "Gravitational Lensing" and causes "Gravity". It is all redirection of Dipole Momentum due to Collisions. All particles are Bose-Einstein Condensates of trillions and trillions of vortexing EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles (Quantum Superfluid). The Vacuum you occupy know has ~22 micrograms of EMG Kinetic Dipoles hitting your body at the RMS speed of light "c". This collision of EMG Kinetic Dipoles causes a momentum transfer from the Vacuum Dipoles to Your Particle Dipoles and you accelerate toward the higher Dipole Density Field (Down).] [ The cores of Blackholes are Bose-Einstein Condensate Solids made of fully packed EMG Kinetic Dipoles at a 0.84 packing factor. The centers of blackholes are so packed the dipoles can no longer vibrate and lose most kinetic energy causing core collapse. That is the simple truth of Nature. ] BRAVE - Bożeon Research and Æther Verification Eταιρεία The Bohmian Rhapsody Challenge: Record your own version of the Bohmian Rhapsody about how you too killed Relativity in favor of Reality. The reward you will receive if you win the Bohmian Rhapsody Challenge will be Priceless: The Truth.

[@Mrch33ky]

you can show yourself out

[@whitehorse1959]

@@Mrch33ky - Mama mia! Mama mia!!

[@greensombrero3641]

the algebra has a devil put aside for meeeee for meeee for meeeeeeee

[@jacobvandijk6525]

Please! Don't make suggestions of that kind :-) :-) :-)

[@SSJProgramming]

Really enjoy the content on this channel. It actually goes into the details about the subject, instead of the other "physics" related channels that just spit out the same information already floating around the internet, but just reworded with bad analogies and iterated by people pretending to know details. Honestly, this is one of the best channels out there, on the same level as PBS space time. Keep up the awesome content!

[@michelegianni389]

I really thank you Doc Sabine, because now I have a better understanding of the real pros and cons of the Bohmian approach.

[@DanielL143]

Best physics educator on the internet. Thanks for the clear, concise but accurate explanations Sabine.

[@Therock151214]

Real Talk

[@leonardgibney2997]

Yes l like her explanations too, if only l could understand them.

[@tekila00985]

I like that Bohm started out by questioning what happens before the measurement. The only way to make real progress sometimes is to start from scratch gather all observations and work out another explanation or rather start by assuming the accepted theory has a wrong assumption or assumptions. Close some doors and open a window or just take a sledgehammer to a wall just watch out the house might fall down.

[@robertmotsch7535]

You're presentations are so clear and concise. Thank you!

[@kourosh234]

The biggest advantage with this channel is that it is easy to understand. Light years ahead of other channels. Thank you professor

[@vicboykin8576]

This video is perfect timing. I am exactly at this point in Lee Smolin"s book. Thank you for all you do.

[@HyperFocusMarshmallow]

Best treatment of this subject I have seen, outside of reading technical articles! You're always on point Sabine!

[@clmasse]

Save that it is all wrong. Read the original articles of Bohm, they are not that difficult. And read the books of De Broglie too.

[@HyperFocusMarshmallow]

Interesting, I didn’t know that bit of history. I’ve only read reviews of bohemian mechanics. Though I think I’ve read De Broglies article about ‘De Broglie wavelength’ which is quite short and elementary if I remember correctly and definitely of topic for this discussion ^_^. Take ‘treatment’ with a grain of salt. KZbin videos can’t go into too much depth. The part about a high dimensional phase space in QM is general to all interpretations though right. To put it in context the phase space is even bigger in QFT. My impression of Bohmian mechanics is that it doesn’t generalize to well to qft, I think Sabine mentioned that as well. That’s it’s main strikeout as far as I’m concerned. What are your thoughts on that?

[@reaanbotha1496]

Thank you for making science more accessible, Sabine. I'd love to hear your perspective on the relational interpretation of QM.

[@jacobpeters5458]

she pushes superdeterminism so that her belief that "nothing random exists" can be justified

[@johnmanderson2060]

Finally ! A clear and concise explanation of the hidden variables! ✅🤩👍🏻 Thanks a ton !

[@ndmath]

Dr. Hossenfelder, if you read this, I'm supergrateful that you make these videos and make such topics accessible to us. Some of your topic selection seems to evolve around more controversial topics, that seem to pick the interest of people because they seem important, but also mysterious and advanced at the same time. A bit as if grasping it would give 'enlightenment' to the understander. It is indeed needed that someone speaks about this. I was getting interested in Bohmian mechanics after I heard that the math is probably already very advanced for postgraduates and also the ostracization story of Bohm.

[@doomedtolinger2213]

Ah Sabine, somehow you are able to impart difficult concepts to even the most dense of listeners (me); continuously thanking you...

[@ThomasJr]

Zabina

[@GabeSurtos]

Your videos are amazing, Sabine. Keep up the good work!

[@SabineHossenfelder]

Happy you like them!

[@johnboze]

Sabine's songs are amazing too especially about TTOE, or rather not hearing about it. So I wrote a song for her and you all. I hope she does her own version. Sabine could win a Grammy and a Noble in shot: Bohmian Rhapsody The Bohmian Rhapsody Challenge: (aka When Geeks Write Lyrics To Classical Mechanics Songs!) Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy? Caught in a landslide, No escape from Relativity. Open your eyes, Look up to the skies and see, I'm just a poor boy, I need no sympathy, (seriously both) Because I'm easy come, easy go, Little high, little low, Any way the Æther blows Relativity doesn't really matter to me, to me. Mama, just killed Relativity, Put logic in his head, Pulled my Inception, now Relativity "dead". Mama, my new life has just begun, Now I've gone and thrown Relativity away. Mama, ooh, Didn't mean to make you happy, If I'm not back again this time tomorrow, Carry on, carry on, like the EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles carries all Momentum, because Relativity doesn't matter. Too late, the time of the Æther has come, Sends shivers down my spine, Mind is thinking all the time. Goodbye, Relativity, time for you to go, Got to leave all 100 year old lies behind , and face the truth. Mama, ooh (Any way the Æther blows), I don't want to sigh, I sometimes wish I'd never solved TTOE at all. I see a little silhouetto of a man, Scaramouche, Scaramouche, will you do the Fandango? Thunderbolt and lightning very, very frightening me. (Galileo) Galileo. (Galileo) Galileo, Galileo Figured it out. Magnifico-o-o-o-o. I'm just a poor boy, nobody loves Relativity. He's just a poor boy from a Space Faring Family, Spare him his life from this monstrosity (Relativity). Easy come, easy go, will you let Relativity go? Bismillah! No, he will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Bismillah! He will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Bismillah! He will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Never let Relativity go (Never, never, never, never let Relativity go) Oh oh oh oh No, no, no, no, no, no, no Oh, mama mia, mama mia (Mama mia, let Relativity go.) Einstein has a put the devil inside of me, of me, of me. So you think you can warp space and time, LOL? So you think you can love Relativity and the truth you deny? Oh, baby, can't do this to me, baby, Just gotta get out, just gotta get Relativity right outta here. (Ooooh, ooh yeah, ooh yeah) EMG Kinetic Dipoles really are Matter, Anyone can see, EMG Kinetic Dipoles really are Matter, EMG Kinetic Dipoles ,really are Matter, you see. Any way the Æther blows... BRAVE'S TENET’s of NATURE 1. Space cannot be bent or warped. 2. Time cannot be bent or warped. 3. All forces are from collisions of EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles. 4. The Vacuum and all Particles are filled with only EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles. The readers digest version of how Nature actually works. [The Name of the EMG Kinetic Dipole is the "Bożeon". ("God Particle" in Polish). This is the very same EM Dipole you learned about in 3rd Grade studying bar magnets. Simply put the "Bożeon", the EMG Kinetic Dipole Particle is what makes up the "EM and Gravitational Fields" and all particles and causes all forces via collisions. The EMG Kinetic Dipole has mass, Dipole axis dependent Moments of Inertia, volume, surface area, and velocity (linear and angular) with more mass distribution at the North or Positive end. EMG Dipole Particles are on the order of 1x10^120 meters in length. The Fine Structure Constant defines the Effective Cross Sectional Area and Coefficient of Drag of the Photon and can be extrapolated down to also describe the EMG Kinetic Dipoles Effective Cross Sectional Area and Coefficient of Drag. The Drag of Photons through the "Wind of Dipoles" causes Photons to reach a Terminal Velocity of "c", the max speed of photon particles in an "atmosphere of kinetic dipole gas".] [ Polish is the nationality of the one who conceived the EMG Kinetic Dipole Particle and he knew Wernher von Braun, Alan Shepard, John Young, and was in Firing Room 1 at his DDAS Telemetry Network Terminal helping launch Neil and Buzz to the Moon. He had a stellar understanding of reality and Gravity. He helped conquer Gravity in 1969-1973, and post humorously conquered Gravity a Second Time.] [In short a Bose Gas of Bożeons fills the Vacuum and it's Mass and Energy Density Gradients cause the Bożeon's normal path of travel to deviate, bend, toward higher density Bożeon regions of space. This causes light (Photons, made of Vortexing EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles) to change their momentum vector in space under a variable index of refraction due do variable Dipole Density Gradients throughout space. This alters all particle motion around massive objects causes "Gravitational Lensing" and causes "Gravity". It is all redirection of Dipole Momentum due to Collisions. All particles are Bose-Einstein Condensates of trillions and trillions of vortexing EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles (Quantum Superfluid). The Vacuum you occupy know has ~22 micrograms of EMG Kinetic Dipoles hitting your body at the RMS speed of light "c". This collision of EMG Kinetic Dipoles causes a momentum transfer from the Vacuum Dipoles to Your Particle Dipoles and you accelerate toward the higher Dipole Density Field (Down).] [ The cores of Blackholes are Bose-Einstein Condensate Solids made of fully packed EMG Kinetic Dipoles at a 0.84 packing factor. The centers of blackholes are so packed the dipoles can no longer vibrate and lose most kinetic energy causing core collapse. That is the simple truth of Nature. ] BRAVE - Bożeon Research and Æther Verification Eταιρεία The Bohmian Rhapsody Challenge: Record your own version of the Bohmian Rhapsody about how you too killed Relativity in favor of Reality. The reward you will receive if you win the Bohmian Rhapsody Challenge will be Priceless: The Truth.

[@ThomasJr]

Zabina is a little "barraqueira" kkk

[@jaydenwilson9522]

@@johnboze Let me add to the above - Space-Time doesn't exist. Duration and Distance are NOT the same thing. Space & Light have no properties. Thus, can not bend or curve. (Polarisation between Electrochemical Interaction led to the ILLusion!) Light doesn't have a "Speed". Its a Velocity/Rate of Induction. The Limit isn't real. Plasma has a Refractive Index -1 and is an ACTUAL INCREASE! Mass does NOT increase with Velocity. Sensory phenomena is not proof of it. Time is NOT an Ion Clock. And Time is NOT Relative. Time is objectively CONSTANT while simultaneously subjectively DYNAMIC! The Photon doesn't exist. It's an Electron emitting Radiation into our Visible Spectrum. (It conserves its charge when in a Vacuum) And if that last part didn't make sense, well get ready... Space. Isn't. Empty. IT'S FULL! Of Sparse Gas that expands when it escapes the "gravitational" Pressure of our Electromagnetically bound Atmosphere. The Moon is in Earth's Geocorona while OUR ENTIRE SOLAR SYSTEM is in The Sun's Atmosphere, better know as the Heliosphere! HAHAHAHAHAHAH! I WIN "SCIENCE"! FUQQ DA WESTERN CHURCH! FUQQ THE WHITE HATS! FUQQ THE BLACK HATS! FUQQ THE GLOBALISTS! FUQQ THE INTERNATION SYSTEM OF METRICS!! I'm 30. Self-studied and KNOW MORE THAN 99.9% of Scientists. (Who needs Academia when I've got the Internet, AI, and loads of Science from the "Forbidden Section".) Oh also! The Wave-Particle Duality is based on "probability" but MY Omni-Wobble (Soliton) Model is "Deterministic"!! Every interaction is between Chemical Mass & Electromagnetic Radiation. EVERY SINGLE ONE! Its not that hard. But unfortunately modern Scientists think that their lack of clarity and depth must be evidence of the Shallowness of our understanding. But it isn't. Its just them that avoid Reason & Logic. .... Anybody want the Fundamental difference that Separates everything in our Cosmos? State. Of. Motion. Quantum Motion dictates Atomic Motion dictates Molecular Motion dictates Cellular Motion dictates Micro Motion dictates Macro Motion. ITS ALLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL MOTION DUDE! Just "different" Motion. LOL How simple is that? So simple yet they complicate it with "magic" and imaginary "force". But it's just Energy in different states of Motion. (Even Mass is just frozen/pressured Energy) ALSO! "Consciousness" is Mind. And Mind is that Quantum "Centre of Gravity" that acts as a Nuclei of EVERY ORGANISM IN OUR COSMOS TOO! (Wait till we get to the level where we can prove it.... not far off now. Consciousness is not an emergent property of the Brain. ALL OF PHYSICAL REALITY IS EMERGENT VIA.... MIND as in mINd.)

[@musicangels]

I studied physics till high school, and we get mention of quantum field and theory only once. Recently i stumbled upon bohm philosophical ideas and then got your video in recommendation. I only being able to understand the analogous and imaginatory part of bohemian approach in your narration, due to lack of knowledge in wave functions and other mathematical equations. You're a great teacher, and have a great way of explaining causations and implications of ideas.

[@MelindaGreen]

Thank you so much for taking on this oft-requested topic!

[@markbehets]

Again a brilliant video. Never seen a clearer explanation of Bohm’s interpretation. By the way, it was in a a recent web discussion on Bohm that I first ‘met’ Sabine Hossenfelder. She seemed the most ‘down to earth’ member of the panel and so I was interested to learn more of her. The other participants seem to believe in a sort of ‘universal consciousness’ which was fundamental for all reality, and which appeared to be another theory of Bohm.

[@david203]

Bohm later was a follower and secretary to J. Krishnamurthi and he was interested in philosophical nonduality. But his physics, even his later physics, was truly independent of this interest, and focused on providing nonlocal but deterministic explanations. The view that most satisfies people who love consciousness is the Copenhagen Interpretation, because it contains and justifies much more ignorance and mysticism than does the Bohm Interpretation.

[@natewatson1951]

@@david203 That is the sassiest comment I've ever seen about the Copenhagen interpretation. I fully approve of it.

[@david203]

@@natewatson1951 Thank you. I try to make such comments in lots of places, since KZbin comments tend to get buried among all the "this physicist finally explained quantum mechanics in a way I can understand, and I'm a longtime, severe dummy." Bohm and Bell showed that QM works simply and nonlocally, unlike classical mechanics. Bohm also showed that QM is deterministic, not mystical, and that no human observer or consciousness is relevant or needed. Yet few physicists today understand Bohm's theory fully, and most think it was disproven, which it was not, or that there is no experimental evidence for it, which is untrue, or that it can't handle special relativity, which is true but is currently being fixed (and, more importantly, the Copenhagen interpretation itself is non-relativistic).

[@nobitanobi7069]

@@david203 Well said.

[@tech-utuber2219]

An excellent accompaniment to Sabine's videos about quantum mechanics is Adam Becker's book "What Is Real?: The Unfinished Quest for the Meaning of Quantum Physics", since it is the only book which I am aware of that attempts to clarify and demystify the progressive history of the field by especially focusing on the individuals responsible for shaping the development of this revolution. I particularly liked the correction of historical myths that are repeated as facts by many people to this very day. ... Spoiler: Bohr and the Copenhagen group essentially functioned as a exclusive cult which delayed progress after the initial success by at least 2 generations and derailed the careers of some brilliant people.

[@famistudio]

Came here to say exactly this. What a fantastic book! Adam Becker also has 2-3 one-hour talks on KZbin that he did when the book came out, highly recommanded!

[@alphalunamare]

I read it in consequence of an earlier recommendation on this channel. It was a crackin' read and jolly good fun and explained a lot only hinted at in books by other's. I must admit to be being stuck in 'Lost In Math' at the moment. Too much time watching videos :-) Becker's book is also a very powerful critique of 'funding' as your 'spoiler' suggests :-)

[@Anenome5]

Well theoretical physics hasn't made a major leap in theory in decades. That's a problem, and it means there's an orthodoxy that's false that's in the way.

[@johnboze]

"Bohr and the Copenhagen group essentially functioned as a exclusive CULT". The Cult of Personality!!! Just another song in a universe of songs. The Cult of Reality just wrote the Song of the Universe: Bohmian Rhapsody The Bohmian Rhapsody Challenge: (aka When Geeks Write Lyrics To Classical Mechanics Songs!) Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy? Caught in a landslide, No escape from Relativity. Open your eyes, Look up to the skies and see, I'm just a poor boy, I need no sympathy, (seriously both) Because I'm easy come, easy go, Little high, little low, Any way the Æther blows Relativity doesn't really matter to me, to me. Mama, just killed Relativity, Put logic in his head, Pulled my Inception, now Relativity "dead". Mama, my new life has just begun, Now I've gone and thrown Relativity away. Mama, ooh, Didn't mean to make you happy, If I'm not back again this time tomorrow, Carry on, carry on, like the EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles carries all Momentum, because Relativity doesn't matter. Too late, the time of the Æther has come, Sends shivers down my spine, Mind is thinking all the time. Goodbye, Relativity, time for you to go, Got to leave all 100 year old lies behind , and face the truth. Mama, ooh (Any way the Æther blows), I don't want to sigh, I sometimes wish I'd never solved TTOE at all. I see a little silhouetto of a man, Scaramouche, Scaramouche, will you do the Fandango? Thunderbolt and lightning very, very frightening me. (Galileo) Galileo. (Galileo) Galileo, Galileo Figured it out. Magnifico-o-o-o-o. I'm just a poor boy, nobody loves Relativity. He's just a poor boy from a Space Faring Family, Spare him his life from this monstrosity (Relativity). Easy come, easy go, will you let Relativity go? Bismillah! No, he will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Bismillah! He will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Bismillah! He will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Never let Relativity go (Never, never, never, never let Relativity go) Oh oh oh oh No, no, no, no, no, no, no Oh, mama mia, mama mia (Mama mia, let Relativity go.) Einstein has a put the devil inside of me, of me, of me. So you think you can warp space and time, LOL? So you think you can love Relativity and the truth you deny? Oh, baby, can't do this to me, baby, Just gotta get out, just gotta get Relativity right outta here. (Ooooh, ooh yeah, ooh yeah) EMG Kinetic Dipoles really are Matter, Anyone can see, EMG Kinetic Dipoles really are Matter, EMG Kinetic Dipoles ,really are Matter, you see. Any way the Æther blows... BRAVE'S TENET’s of NATURE 1. Space cannot be bent or warped. 2. Time cannot be bent or warped. 3. All forces are from collisions of EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles. 4. The Vacuum and all Particles are filled with only EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles. The readers digest version of how Nature actually works. [The Name of the EMG Kinetic Dipole is the "Bożeon". ("God Particle" in Polish). This is the very same EM Dipole you learned about in 3rd Grade studying bar magnets. Simply put the "Bożeon", the EMG Kinetic Dipole Particle is what makes up the "EM and Gravitational Fields" and all particles and causes all forces via collisions. The EMG Kinetic Dipole has mass, Dipole axis dependent Moments of Inertia, volume, surface area, and velocity (linear and angular) with more mass distribution at the North or Positive end. EMG Dipole Particles are on the order of 1x10^120 meters in length. The Fine Structure Constant defines the Effective Cross Sectional Area and Coefficient of Drag of the Photon and can be extrapolated down to also describe the EMG Kinetic Dipoles Effective Cross Sectional Area and Coefficient of Drag. The Drag of Photons through the "Wind of Dipoles" causes Photons to reach a Terminal Velocity of "c", the max speed of photon particles in an "atmosphere of kinetic dipole gas".] [ Polish is the nationality of the one who conceived the EMG Kinetic Dipole Particle and he knew Wernher von Braun, Alan Shepard, John Young, and was in Firing Room 1 at his DDAS Telemetry Network Terminal helping launch Neil and Buzz to the Moon. He had a stellar understanding of reality and Gravity. He helped conquer Gravity in 1969-1973, and post humorously conquered Gravity a Second Time.] [In short a Bose Gas of Bożeons fills the Vacuum and it's Mass and Energy Density Gradients cause the Bożeon's normal path of travel to deviate, bend, toward higher density Bożeon regions of space. This causes light (Photons, made of Vortexing EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles) to change their momentum vector in space under a variable index of refraction due do variable Dipole Density Gradients throughout space. This alters all particle motion around massive objects causes "Gravitational Lensing" and causes "Gravity". It is all redirection of Dipole Momentum due to Collisions. All particles are Bose-Einstein Condensates of trillions and trillions of vortexing EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles (Quantum Superfluid). The Vacuum you occupy know has ~22 nanograms of EMG Kinetic Dipoles hitting your body at the RMS speed of light "c". This collision of EMG Kinetic Dipoles causes a momentum transfer from the Vacuum Dipoles to Your Particle Dipoles and you accelerate toward the higher Dipole Density Field (Down).] [ The cores of Blackholes are Bose-Einstein Condensate Solids made of fully packed EMG Kinetic Dipoles at a 0.84 packing factor. The centers of blackholes are so packed the dipoles can no longer vibrate and lose most kinetic energy causing core collapse. That is the simple truth of Nature. ] BRAVE - Bożeon Research and Æther Verification Eταιρεία The Bohmian Rhapsody Challenge: Record your own version of the Bohmian Rhapsody about how you too killed Relativity in favor of Reality. The reward you will receive if you win the Bohmian Rhapsody Challenge will be Priceless: The Truth.

[@tech-utuber2219]

@@johnboze , Wow. Perhaps Sabine can do a video of this on her music channel.

[@Samrushtonblight]

Thanks for your brilliant talks. I learn so much from all of them.

[@rgoodwinau]

Wonderful overview Sabine! I have always found Bohm's thinking intriguing, challenging and attractive.

[@edwardlulofs444]

Yes I studied it intensively in the 1970s. Quantum mechanics will never make sense. It just predicts experiments. I've found many parts of life are like that. Examples: why is 1+2=2+1? It just is. Why can't men understand women and vice versa. Life is anything except boring.

[@HiR0SHi.the.D0G]

Yay, Sabine now has the magnetic time markers!!

[@Eudaletism]

Quantum Mechanics has a monster in it, but it takes different forms depending on the interpretation. In Bohmian mechanics, the monster is the pilot wave; in Many Worlds, the monster is the universal wave function; in the Copenhagen interpretation, the monster is measurement; in Quantum Bayesianism, the monster was you all along, lovable Grover!

[@reptileguy1124]

Honestly this is a great summary of current theories

[@williamwalker39]

But the pilot wave concept is not a problem if Relativity is wrong and is replaced by Galilean Relativity, where space and time are absolute and instantaneous field propagation is possible. See my post at the very top of the comments.

[@powerdriller4124]

Maybe there is a Dimension W where everything is conected with everything and where any message can be sent instantaneously. In our 3D+T universe speed is limited by c , but in W no such a limit exists. And for some reson W can be accesed by entanglement only. The rest is Bohemian Bohmian.

[@ianjohnson3546]

@8:03 you can see lots of video compression artifacts in Sabine - I had to check to make sure I was still watching 1080p. Then I realized: the reason is because the LHC background is a very busy image - and because it is moving - the majority of the video compression codec has to be used to render the moving background instead of Sabine. As soon as she switches back to the "bokeh colored lights" background she looks great again. Dear Sabine (or whoever edits the videos): Consider keeping "busy" backgrounds static rather than moving and this problem shouldn't happen. Thanks for all your wonderful videos, the content is always fantastic - and the audio is also very good. A lot of others channels struggle with good audio but yours is always great. Must be Sabine's music/audio background shining through! The closed captions are also very spot on rather than the auto generated stuff that's hit or miss. Thanks for editing the captions in great timing.

[@starfishsystems]

Lovely exposition! Made sense. I saw David Bohm once, giving a public talk. It was charming but so much based on simplified analogy that the theory and its implications just didn't come through at all. This video puts it together more concretely. I think it's a successful approach.

[@david203]

He wasn't so good at describing his physics in public. But his 1952 paper is very readable.

[@EugeneKhutoryansky]

Another problem with the theory: Bohmian mechanics is not Lorentz invariant. Nor can it easily be modified to accommodate Lorentz invariance.

[@DJVARAO]

@@Ottmar555 Interesting paper. I will not be very surprised that with basic electrodynamics you can get QM-level results, since Maxwell's equations were ahead of its time by far, to the point of being already covariant under Lorentz transformations.

[@eestidima]

Premise: we have only one Universe, Problem: a particle "can be in several places at same time", Solution 1: many-worlds interpretation, Solution 2: David Bohm pilot wave interpretation. Solution 1 is the same as solution 2, because both solution is the going from the uncertainty principle into classical determinism and classical trajectories. I mean, if it is given, that if Bob is in Moscow and in London at a given moment, then Solution 1: Bob only in Moscow in Universe A (no Bob in London then), and Bob in London in Universe B, Solution 2: Bob only in Moscow, and there is only one Universe. However, the rejection of the uncertainty principle comes with wrong-hood.

[@MirekHeikkila]

ahhh midlife crisis incoming rip me!

[@rv706]

@@eestidima: the problem is not with superposition, but with measurement: why is it that when we measure a quantum system we don't find a superposition of detector readings but a definite "outcome"? (And this is distinct from the uncertainty principle, by the way. The latter has to do with statistical variance of measurements of non-commuting observables)

[@ZenonLite]

But maybe the universe isn’t Lorentz invariant per se? Bohmian mechanics makes more sense when you, instead assume that there can exist a preferential reference frame. I believe that’s the 3rd axiom of Lorenz invariance.

[@russchadwell]

I know a couple of highly intelligent people like yourself, but those two guys DO NOT like to share thoughts and ideas. I am very grateful that YOU do share. I'm sorry it ends up being through the internet, because we all know how that usually ends up. But, anyway. Thank YOU for your service!!

[@agimasoschandir]

Not all of us have access to publications, faxes, or telegraphs, so the internet lends itself to such things

[@CosmosNut]

Would love a talk on quantum entanglement and 'spooky action at a distance'. Love your presentations and Thank You.

[@exxzxxe]

Very best concise Bohmian mechanics I have heard. Excellent.

[@GamingDemiurge]

Wonderfully explained

[@ckrumbach]

I read 'Bohemian Mechanics' and was very exited to read the advances that Queen made in the field of physics.

[@MelindaGreen]

Brian May made valuable scientific contributions

[@revivalcycle]

Just found your book "Lost in Math" at the Eugene Oregon Library; I was unaware of this title, so I'm digging into it. Thank you. This video inspired me to return to my study of theoretical physics that I left a decade ago. Good job!

[@schmetterling4477]

A theoretical physicist would know that she is trolling about math in physics. :-)

[@revivalcycle]

@@schmetterling4477 as any KZbinr would also. Even her songs evidence that.

[@ricomajestic]

@@schmetterling4477 how so?

[@schmetterling4477]

@@ricomajestic Because everything in physics is an approximation. One can't get lost in those. They are either experimentally verified or they are not even wrong. It's that simple.

[@tripleplonk]

Danke, Frau Hossenfelder, das war wie immer sehr interessant und unterhaltsam. Bleiben Sie uns erhalten.

[@andre_ss6]

Sabine, can you make a video on Bell's Theorem? I too were confused when you talked about locality being important.

[@ThomasJr]

iT SEEms Bell only hold if the detector is independent of the particles that it measures.

[@david203]

Everyone used to want locality, because our commonsense physics is local. But the truth is that observations at tiny scales almost always show nonlocal effects, all of which are specified in the Schrödinger equation.

[@ThomasJr]

@@david203 not really

[@david203]

@@ThomasJr "not really" is a trivial and useless answer to any question. It shows at the very least mental laziness and at worst a profound ignorance.

[@ThomasJr]

@@david203 laziness is better than typing any BS that comes to mind like you did Lol. Not that I am lazy, but you'd better off lazy than spewing BS

[@JonathanZigler]

Would there be any benefit of using multiple interpretations to get closer to a practical result? I always wondered if the difference in approaches could be used to build on one another.

[@nerdsunscripted624]

I know it’s a year late, but there’s not really a benefit to using any variety of interpretations. Generally the Copenhagen is viewed as “correct” but it’s rather useless to argue about which is best as no matter what you think of or argue about: it’s all the same data. Whether there’s a wave pushing a particle, or a wave becomes a particle, since the math is identical, it doesn’t really matter since neither can ever possibly be proven nor disproven

[@aboodz]

Excellent presentation. Thank you for introducing this topic, Dr Hossenfelder

[@timpreece945]

This was the best layman's description David Bohm's Pilot Wave Interpretation I have heard.

[@david203]

Better than my explanations?

[@notlessgrossman163]

What about Superdeterminism theory for QM. I look forward every Saturday for this.

[@aptennap]

Yes please! I would love a simple explanation of the theory and it's problems.

[@stormtrooper9404]

Bohm's theory is in fact superdeterministic in its core.

[@RealisiticEdgeMod]

YES!! Please upload a video discussing superdeterminism.

[@johnboze]

I am super determined for humans to realize the EM Dipole is an actual Solid Kinetic Dipole Particle so I cowrote a song: Bohmian Rhapsody The Bohmian Rhapsody Challenge: (aka When Geeks Write Lyrics To Classical Mechanics Songs!) Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy? Caught in a landslide, No escape from Relativity. Open your eyes, Look up to the skies and see, I'm just a poor boy, I need no sympathy, (seriously both) Because I'm easy come, easy go, Little high, little low, Any way the Æther blows Relativity doesn't really matter to me, to me. Mama, just killed Relativity, Put logic in his head, Pulled my Inception, now Relativity "dead". Mama, my new life has just begun, Now I've gone and thrown Relativity away. Mama, ooh, Didn't mean to make you happy, If I'm not back again this time tomorrow, Carry on, carry on, like the EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles carries all Momentum, because Relativity doesn't matter. Too late, the time of the Æther has come, Sends shivers down my spine, Mind is thinking all the time. Goodbye, Relativity, time for you to go, Got to leave all 100 year old lies behind , and face the truth. Mama, ooh (Any way the Æther blows), I don't want to sigh, I sometimes wish I'd never solved TTOE at all. I see a little silhouetto of a man, Scaramouche, Scaramouche, will you do the Fandango? Thunderbolt and lightning very, very frightening me. (Galileo) Galileo. (Galileo) Galileo, Galileo Figured it out. Magnifico-o-o-o-o. I'm just a poor boy, nobody loves Relativity. He's just a poor boy from a Space Faring Family, Spare him his life from this monstrosity (Relativity). Easy come, easy go, will you let Relativity go? Bismillah! No, he will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Bismillah! He will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Bismillah! He will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Never let Relativity go (Never, never, never, never let Relativity go) Oh oh oh oh No, no, no, no, no, no, no Oh, mama mia, mama mia (Mama mia, let Relativity go.) Einstein has a put the devil inside of me, of me, of me. So you think you can warp space and time, LOL? So you think you can love Relativity and the truth you deny? Oh, baby, can't do this to me, baby, Just gotta get out, just gotta get Relativity right outta here. (Ooooh, ooh yeah, ooh yeah) EMG Kinetic Dipoles really are Matter, Anyone can see, EMG Kinetic Dipoles really are Matter, EMG Kinetic Dipoles ,really are Matter, you see. Any way the Æther blows... BRAVE'S TENET’s of NATURE 1. Space cannot be bent or warped. 2. Time cannot be bent or warped. 3. All forces are from collisions of EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles. 4. The Vacuum and all Particles are filled with only EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles. The readers digest version of how Nature actually works. [The Name of the EMG Kinetic Dipole is the "Bożeon". ("God Particle" in Polish). This is the very same EM Dipole you learned about in 3rd Grade studying bar magnets. Simply put the "Bożeon", the EMG Kinetic Dipole Particle is what makes up the "EM and Gravitational Fields" and all particles and causes all forces via collisions. The EMG Kinetic Dipole has mass, Dipole axis dependent Moments of Inertia, volume, surface area, and velocity (linear and angular) with more mass distribution at the North or Positive end. EMG Dipole Particles are on the order of 1x10^120 meters in length. The Fine Structure Constant defines the Effective Cross Sectional Area and Coefficient of Drag of the Photon and can be extrapolated down to also describe the EMG Kinetic Dipoles Effective Cross Sectional Area and Coefficient of Drag. The Drag of Photons through the "Wind of Dipoles" causes Photons to reach a Terminal Velocity of "c", the max speed of photon particles in an "atmosphere of kinetic dipole gas".] [ Polish is the nationality of the one who conceived the EMG Kinetic Dipole Particle and he knew Wernher von Braun, Alan Shepard, John Young, and was in Firing Room 1 at his DDAS Telemetry Network Terminal helping launch Neil and Buzz to the Moon. He had a stellar understanding of reality and Gravity. He helped conquer Gravity in 1969-1973, and post humorously conquered Gravity a Second Time.] [In short a Bose Gas of Bożeons fills the Vacuum and it's Mass and Energy Density Gradients cause the Bożeon's normal path of travel to deviate, bend, toward higher density Bożeon regions of space. This causes light (Photons, made of Vortexing EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles) to change their momentum vector in space under a variable index of refraction due do variable Dipole Density Gradients throughout space. This alters all particle motion around massive objects causes "Gravitational Lensing" and causes "Gravity". It is all redirection of Dipole Momentum due to Collisions. All particles are Bose-Einstein Condensates of trillions and trillions of vortexing EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles (Quantum Superfluid). The Vacuum you occupy know has ~22 micrograms of EMG Kinetic Dipoles hitting your body at the RMS speed of light "c". This collision of EMG Kinetic Dipoles causes a momentum transfer from the Vacuum Dipoles to Your Particle Dipoles and you accelerate toward the higher Dipole Density Field (Down).] [ The cores of Blackholes are Bose-Einstein Condensate Solids made of fully packed EMG Kinetic Dipoles at a 0.84 packing factor. The centers of blackholes are so packed the dipoles can no longer vibrate and lose most kinetic energy causing core collapse. That is the simple truth of Nature. ] BRAVE - Bożeon Research and Æther Verification Eταιρεία The Bohmian Rhapsody Challenge: Record your own version of the Bohmian Rhapsody about how you too killed Relativity in favor of Reality. The reward you will receive if you win the Bohmian Rhapsody Challenge will be Priceless: The Truth.

[@david203]

@@stormtrooper9404 Can you say more about that?

[@knowone-sts2263]

Bohm was a wonderful, sincere person and brilliant. I think he was actually trying to stimulate other physicists to leave "the box".

[@schmetterling4477]

Then he was barking up the entirely wrong tree.

[@ricomajestic]

@@schmetterling4477 He wasn't! His theory agrees with all the predictions of standard QM!

[@schmetterling4477]

@@ricomajesticYes, but it needs an unphysical ghost field and a hard ball that nobody has ever seen to do so. That's not science. Might as well throw an invisible dragon in there somewhere.

[@ricomajestic]

@@schmetterling4477 Have you seen a superposition of states and the actual collapse of the wavefunction like in the Copenhagen religion? Have you seen an infinite number of worlds like in the many worlds interpretation? For that matter have you directly measured electric fields independently of an interaction with other systems? Prove that regular fields exist.

[@schmetterling4477]

@@ricomajestic Why would I have seen a superposition of states? Copenhagen clearly says that the wave function is a mathematical abstract. It doesn't claim anywhere that it's "real". Quite the contrary. The only people who claim that the wave function is in some way physical are those who don't understand quantum mechanics.

[@kenhoganson9481]

Thanks Sabine, that was fun! Love your fashion sense too!

[@justmeva]

I thoroughly=joy your explains and reasonings - thank you. (I'm happy to have found your channel)

[@felipemonteiro5877]

Even Bohr's grandson took a swing at Pilot Wave. He saw an experiment involving a bouncing droplet on a double slit experiment, was amazed by it, and decided to do research. He came to the conclusion that the walls between the slits can be made arbitrarily long or short in traditional quantum mechanics, you still get and interference pattern. But in Pilot Wave you'll find that the particle can go only one way or the other, losing contact with the part of the pilot wave that passes to the other side of the wall, if the wall is too long. The wavefront disperses long before reaching its slit, and there'll be no interference pattern.

[@ArgumentumAdHominem]

How can this be? Aren't the two theories supposed to make exactly the same predictions? I thought one could prove analytically that this is the case, assuming this quantum equilibrium hypothesis Sabine talked about

[@quinson93]

Do you have a link to the paper or an article?

[@felipemonteiro5877]

@@quinson93 it came out as an article on Quanta Magazine 2 years ago, here's a link: www.quantamagazine.org/famous-experiment-dooms-pilot-wave-alternative-to-quantum-weirdness-20181011/

[@sirmclovin9184]

This research was actually on walking droplets, not quantum theory. His results basically said that the analogy between the two has its limits. Rather uncontroversial.

[@david203]

You got this all messed up. It's all wrong as stated.

[@jaimeduncan6167]

You have such uncany ability to add enought complexity to create a basic intuition / understanding, but not enough to make the videos hard or requiring a one year course.

[@oisnowy5368]

Great video. Hope the concept of locality will receive some attention in the future.

[@rhqstudio4107]

so happy to hear your talk about Bohm!!! great dress too

[@bluemune2]

HI Sabine H. could you comment on Rodger Penrose's conformal geometry cosmological model ?

[@jpdalvi]

That would be an interesting one. I don't simpathize to much with penrose, because he is an idealist, but he sure is a great mathematician and has also great contributions to science.

[@Alexander_Sannikov]

I'd really want to see you on Sean Carroll's podcast. That has to be a really interesting clash of minds because you're an anti-many-worlds person and he's probably the biggest many-worlds evangelist.

[@philochristos]

That *would* be interesting. I heard him in a recent video on "Closer to Truth" say he's something like 98% certain of the many worlds interpretation. I don't see how he *can* be that sure, so it would be interesting to see a conversation between him and Hossenfelder. Personally, I'm with Hossenfelder on this one.

[@dutubsucks]

@@philochristos yeah. His strong belief in that interpretation is not really based on scientific thinking. It is a personal belief that he is pushing. I can agree that in some ways it works better as a placeholder interpretation than the Copenhagen interpretation, but I have a hard time watching him be so critical of the "shut up and calculate" approach while being a salesman for "shut up and just listen to the math and assume many world's is true". But what do I know, I'm an idiot. But his evangelical approach feels unscientific to me.

[@martinsoos]

I think that both of them would be very polite while holding on to their own views. The only thing I would expect to get out of it is lessons in how to pretend to be a nice person. Ba Humbug.

[@Alexander_Sannikov]

@@philochristos In his series "Big ideas" he elaborated on that in great detail. Even though that series is supposed to be unbiased and many-worlds agnostic, he again in great detail stated that it's "98% many-worlds" in his opinion. Which's an extremely strong statement considering how flimsy some of its aspects are (energy conservation, Borne's rule derivation, self-locating uncertainty, etc). I'm kinda in agnostic camp with Sabine on this one.

[@RWin-fp5jn]

Na. I would not be interested. Both are just stocking to their own dogmatic believes which got us exactly...no where. One believing math is physics and the other believing physics is like Disneyland

[@victorhakim1250]

Best video yet explaining Bohm's theory

[@TomerIshShalom]

Insightful perspective on bohmian mechanics . Compels you to reconsider preconceived notions.

[@matrixate]

5:56 Yea, this is a problem. This makes me think that there is a chance of violating the Uncertainty Principle. By the way, you're missing an h _bar squared at 1:24 IIRC.

[@patrichausammann]

This is the feeling I always had about this topic. By the way, well recognized, good job!👍

[@david203]

Bohm's theory does not violate Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle. No physics can, because it is due to the related definitions of position and momentum.

[@sanskarjain9455]

Amazing video! Just one thing I wanted to ask, if Quantum Field Theory has such an emphasis on locality how does it explain quantum entanglement? I thought that had to be non-local under regular non field theory quantum mechanics?

[@talldarkhansome1]

I have the same question. What the heck is non locality. We may never know.

[@VermeersLens]

Locality in QFT refers to local interactions; particles moving apart in entangled states may remain correlated but do not interact instantaneously.

[@isodoublet]

" I thought that had to be non-local under regular non field theory quantum mechanics?" It does not. The result of Bell's theorem is that _if_ you try to reproduce the results of quantum mechanics under a classical deterministic model, _then_ that model must be nonlocal (or superdeterministic). There's nothing there to suggest that quantum mechanics itself must be nonlocal. The contrary, you can verify very easily that locality is respected and in QFT it's included by assumption.

[@sanskarjain9455]

@@isodoublet Oh, okay. Thanks.

[@stevekiley6121]

@Ron Maimon So the idea of particles travelling back in time is more acceptable than the idea of nonlocality? Anything to get rid of the observer.

[@techteampxla2950]

Ty for this, I love your clear explanation with zero bias in your tone. Also, reference all materials accurately, I seen you around the Physics community and found you through research I did on Prof LeeSmo “Einstein unfinished revolution “. Prof Lee talks very highly of you and after watching this I can understand why. Thank you for dedicating so much to educating us who are willing to listen and learn.

[@sethfox820]

I might be one of the many who asked you about this in a comment at some point -- thank you so much!

[@tomsubsailor7314]

I didn't really understand any of that, way over my head, but still, always enjoy watching Sabine's videos.

[@hreiseleiter6021]

Hallo Sabine, ich finde Deine Erlärungen über Quantumphysik exzellent. Meine Hochachtung, weiter so.

[@lohphat]

Why do we need particles in the first place? Why can't the field potentials stand on their own and we just consider the probability of position always as a probability? We perceive point/particle behavior simply because that's the location the field potential collapses to a place to be measured. e.g. Storm clouds have an electrical potential and only when the field condenses into a lightning bolt do we see it; before that, the charge potential in the cloud was a much larger area. Just keep electrons as wave potentials and the "appearance" of point electrons are just the result of the field condensing to a location of measurement.

[@jorgepeterbarton]

Is QFT

[@SabineHossenfelder]

Yes, that's a very good question. Indeed, I don't quite understand why people like working with particles. They seem to me far more questionable than fields.

[@tech-utuber2219]

... we also get away from the silly "spooky" notion of entanglement with QFT. It's not mysterious.

[@robertanderson5092]

I like the storm cloud analogy.

[@arctic_haze]

Because of the real life needs? If you have a very good photomultiplier, you are actually successfully counting photons. And suddenly you learn they do not exist 😱 By the way, the unit for the number of photons (a mole of photons) is called einstein.

[@Moontanman]

I love your videos Ms. Hossenfelder, you make things easy to see...

[@jeffreyjia6763]

BTW, I subscribed right away today after I find your channel. Excellent contents!

[@khhnator]

i love how half of the comments here sound smart and half sounds like insane people

[@marielizysurourcq]

Schrodinger's cat dual issue strikes again...

[@Bisquick]

There's a fine line. Really though, "insane" is relative to social norms and needs a normative grounding. That being said, I'M NOT INSANE, YOU'rE INSANE. YOU'RE ALLLLLL INSAAAAAAAAAAAAANEEEEEEeeee oops my stomach is gone, oh it's back thank goodness, nope lost it again, ha,ha aha!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@marielizysurourcq]

@@Bisquick because of lockdown, you drink too much

[@ShitThatsMyn]

My name Kaspars 😌

[@ShitThatsMyn]

@Samuel Mullins I'm just a hermit floating through internet. 🙃 (atheist hermit)

[@jesusisunstoppable4438]

Perfect Star Trek Outfit for this topic.

[@morphixnm]

Great review and analysis of this topic.

[@dennistucker1153]

Thank you Sabine. It is another very good video.

[@bri4njeff3rs0n]

Lightning will reach in varying directions until it finds a path to ground at which time the bulk of energy discharges in a single bolt. I know particles behave differently under various conditions, including scale, but I can't help but think of lightning as one example of physical phenomenon expressing a kind of potential until it meets a condition causing a fixed form/location. kzbin.info/www/bejne/p4KumXyBadWpj9E

[@agimasoschandir]

A battery gas potential electrical energy. There is already a potential difference built up before lightning discharges, which lightning can also do above the clouds

[@keepinmahprivacy9754]

Well, with the whole wave/particle duality conundrum, it could be that particles only appear to exist when certain conditions are met, and outside of those conditions exist only as the wave component. There's a fringe theory called "Wave Structure of Matter" that posits the particles themselves are strictly a wave phenomenon, but standing waves instead of the normal waves we usually talk about. In that theory, it is a combination of the local conditions and the conditions in the surrounding universe (the entirety of it, by Mach's principle) that together form a particular standing wave at each location where we see a particle. If the "in wave" from the universe superimposed on the "out wave" emanating from any particular location can form a stable standing wave configuration, according to the laws of wave mechanics, then a particle will appear, and if not, then we see no particles, only waves.

[@david203]

Lightning basically illustrates the Principle of Least Action, meaning the path chosen by Nature will minimize the total energy required.

[@creightonfreeman8059]

As a non physicist, Bohm's guiding field looks a lot like a quantum version of Einstein's folded space/time as the explanation of gravitational movement of larger bodies.

[@agimasoschandir]

I might see that - the wave is the folding of the field like how a mass folds spacetime... interesting. I think is what you are saying

[@david203]

No, sorry, I don't see that at all. The guiding field is not at all like gravity--it defines where a particle is, not an acceleration on the particle.

[@KeithCooper-Albuquerque]

Thanks Sabine for another great video! Your hair was very nice today, and I very much liked your dress!

[@mad_gamer6576]

Thanks Sabine. Another discussion that challenges my understanding of the universe.

[@Gregorovitch144]

Anyone else think that Dr H (or is it Prof H? If not it bloody well ought to be in my book) knocks this sort of stuff out of the park compared to anybody else?

[@tomnoyb8301]

Why cling to the fiction of "particles?" Photoelectric-effect is most cited for defense of particles, yet we know ejection of an electron is defined by the boundary conditions of the atom, not whether the incoming object has a "particle-nature," as thought at the time. And the boundary-condition problem of the atom is entirely a wave-equation problem, not a particle problem. There is simply nowhere in physics where matter or light can be found to be violating the wave equations (Shrodinger's or Maxwell's respectively). In all the universe, there is not one single particle.

[@coryharasha]

Perhaps the whole Universe is one particle... One giant electron :)

[@tomnoyb8301]

​@@coryharasha - There's a better than even chance the whole visible universe is inside a Black-hole, if that makes you happy? Standard model says so, even though physicists won't admit it. Look at any of their timelines. Calculate the Schwarzschild-Radius of the visible universe (today, it's 13Blyrs, the farther back in time, the larger that Radius was, according to physicists, because earlier there was more matter/mass within our view). (more...) So in order for physicist's model to tell a consistent story, all the visible matter was once concentrated within a radius much smaller than the Schwarzschild-Radius (the very definition of a black-hole, where not even light can escape), expanding through to today, where much of that matter magically broke through Schwarzschild's black-hole horizon barrier. Both things can't be true. Either Big-Bang expansion is false or Schwarzschild/black-hole theory is false. Saying it more simply, How did the mass of the visible universe ever break through its 13Blyr Schwarzschild barrier? Answer? It didn't; our universe lies within a black-hole and many cosmological mysteries can be answered by asking, What happens when matter approaches the event horizon from the inside?

[@coryharasha]

@@tomnoyb8301 Fascinating! Thanks for sharing man.

[@tomnoyb8301]

@@coryharasha - Yw.

[@metatron5199]

@@tomnoyb8301 correct, this is why ER=EPR is so attractive, we know particles themselves are really like black holes themselves (obviously not literal ones...) but they do follow the horizon problems (boundary conditions problems) that follow from black holes and much much more....

[@johnnydoe2672]

Really wish you’d do more proofs and derivations on your channel. You have a good amount of viewers that would appreciate you supporting your explanation of theory with math when possible.

[@schmetterling4477]

Bohm is, if I remember correctly, simply the solution of the Schroedinger equation in polar coordinates (i.e. you express complex numbers as magnitude and phase instead of real and imaginary component). Absolutely nothing follows from such a transformation about physics.

[@discogodfather22]

Thank you doctor. This was everything I wanted.

[@benikurniawan]

i thought it was related to Queen. the inspiration for it rhapsody song.

[@johnboze]

IT WAS: Bohmian Rhapsody The Bohmian Rhapsody Challenge: (aka When Geeks Write Lyrics To Classical Mechanics Songs!) Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy? Caught in a landslide, No escape from Relativity. Open your eyes, Look up to the skies and see, I'm just a poor boy, I need no sympathy, (seriously both) Because I'm easy come, easy go, Little high, little low, Any way the Æther blows Relativity doesn't really matter to me, to me. Mama, just killed Relativity, Put logic in his head, Pulled my Inception, now Relativity "dead". Mama, my new life has just begun, Now I've gone and thrown Relativity away. Mama, ooh, Didn't mean to make you happy, If I'm not back again this time tomorrow, Carry on, carry on, like the EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles carries all Momentum, because Relativity doesn't matter. Too late, the time of the Æther has come, Sends shivers down my spine, Mind is thinking all the time. Goodbye, Relativity, time for you to go, Got to leave all 100 year old lies behind , and face the truth. Mama, ooh (Any way the Æther blows), I don't want to sigh, I sometimes wish I'd never solved TTOE at all. I see a little silhouetto of a man, Scaramouche, Scaramouche, will you do the Fandango? Thunderbolt and lightning very, very frightening me. (Galileo) Galileo. (Galileo) Galileo, Galileo Figured it out. Magnifico-o-o-o-o. I'm just a poor boy, nobody loves Relativity. He's just a poor boy from a Space Faring Family, Spare him his life from this monstrosity (Relativity). Easy come, easy go, will you let Relativity go? Bismillah! No, he will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Bismillah! He will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Bismillah! He will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Never let Relativity go (Never, never, never, never let Relativity go) Oh oh oh oh No, no, no, no, no, no, no Oh, mama mia, mama mia (Mama mia, let Relativity go.) Einstein has a put the devil inside of me, of me, of me. So you think you can warp space and time, LOL? So you think you can love Relativity and the truth you deny? Oh, baby, can't do this to me, baby, Just gotta get out, just gotta get Relativity right outta here. (Ooooh, ooh yeah, ooh yeah) EMG Kinetic Dipoles really are Matter, Anyone can see, EMG Kinetic Dipoles really are Matter, EMG Kinetic Dipoles ,really are Matter, you see. Any way the Æther blows... BRAVE'S TENET’s of NATURE 1. Space cannot be bent or warped. 2. Time cannot be bent or warped. 3. All forces are from collisions of EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles. 4. The Vacuum and all Particles are filled with only EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles. The readers digest version of how Nature actually works. [The Name of the EMG Kinetic Dipole is the "Bożeon". ("God Particle" in Polish). This is the very same EM Dipole you learned about in 3rd Grade studying bar magnets. Simply put the "Bożeon", the EMG Kinetic Dipole Particle is what makes up the "EM and Gravitational Fields" and all particles and causes all forces via collisions. The EMG Kinetic Dipole has mass, Dipole axis dependent Moments of Inertia, volume, surface area, and velocity (linear and angular) with more mass distribution at the North or Positive end. EMG Dipole Particles are on the order of 1x10^120 meters in length. The Fine Structure Constant defines the Effective Cross Sectional Area and Coefficient of Drag of the Photon and can be extrapolated down to also describe the EMG Kinetic Dipoles Effective Cross Sectional Area and Coefficient of Drag. The Drag of Photons through the "Wind of Dipoles" causes Photons to reach a Terminal Velocity of "c", the max speed of photon particles in an "atmosphere of kinetic dipole gas".] [ Polish is the nationality of the one who conceived the EMG Kinetic Dipole Particle and he knew Wernher von Braun, Alan Shepard, John Young, and was in Firing Room 1 at his DDAS Telemetry Network Terminal helping launch Neil and Buzz to the Moon. He had a stellar understanding of reality and Gravity. He helped conquer Gravity in 1969-1973, and post humorously conquered Gravity a Second Time.] [In short a Bose Gas of Bożeons fills the Vacuum and it's Mass and Energy Density Gradients cause the Bożeon's normal path of travel to deviate, bend, toward higher density Bożeon regions of space. This causes light (Photons, made of Vortexing EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles) to change their momentum vector in space under a variable index of refraction due do variable Dipole Density Gradients throughout space. This alters all particle motion around massive objects causes "Gravitational Lensing" and causes "Gravity". It is all redirection of Dipole Momentum due to Collisions. All particles are Bose-Einstein Condensates of trillions and trillions of vortexing EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles (Quantum Superfluid). The Vacuum you occupy know has ~22 micrograms of EMG Kinetic Dipoles hitting your body at the RMS speed of light "c". This collision of EMG Kinetic Dipoles causes a momentum transfer from the Vacuum Dipoles to Your Particle Dipoles and you accelerate toward the higher Dipole Density Field (Down).] [ The cores of Blackholes are Bose-Einstein Condensate Solids made of fully packed EMG Kinetic Dipoles at a 0.84 packing factor. The centers of blackholes are so packed the dipoles can no longer vibrate and lose most kinetic energy causing core collapse. That is the simple truth of Nature. ] BRAVE - Bożeon Research and Æther Verification Eταιρεία The Bohmian Rhapsody Challenge: Record your own version of the Bohmian Rhapsody about how you too killed Relativity in favor of Reality. The reward you will receive if you win the Bohmian Rhapsody Challenge will be Priceless: The Truth.

[@aclearlight]

Wonderful explanation, thank you!

[@arikayemusic]

Hey Sabine! I love your videos so so SOOO much! I'm curious to know about what implications retrocausality has on the measurement problem. Thanks! :)

[@knarf_on_a_bike]

I thought it said "Bohemian Mechanics". I envisioned guys wearing berets fixing Citroëns while smoking Gauloises and arguing passionately about the meaning of life. LOL!

[@hiZarki]

Bahahahah

[@arctic_haze]

That would be Gaulish Mechanics.

[@jorgepeterbarton]

I just follow the waves, man...the hip sounds of the upright bass tell me where to play horn...on the negative space and syncopation, the particles move like a jazz solo over a tight rhythm section.

[@alanbarnett718]

@@jorgepeterbarton Solid gone, man!

[@garryiglesias4074]

You are describing an outdated stereotype of french. Who are far from being "bohemians", moreover the 60's blue collars you "described", quite the opposite.

[@venceremosallende422]

There are problems with bohmian mechanics. But from a philosophical point of view the copenhagen interpretation is essentialy idealist mysticism and unscientific. If you want to know more look up the quantum mechanics videos of Paul Cockshott from glasgow university

[@TeaParty1776]

See _Leap Of Logic_ by physicist, David Harriman (web site) , for an anti-deductivist, inductive history of science and a radically new, non-statistical identification of the process of of the alleged problem of induction. Existence is Identity.

[@dankuchar6821]

So far nobody has a complete valid interpretation of quantum mechanics and the measurement problem. So right now, just about all theories are still valid until proven wrong. And even the Copenhagen interpretation has not been proven wrong. Some people disagree with it, but it has not been proven wrong.

[@TeaParty1776]

@@dankuchar6821 Copenhagen is the claim that the universe is random. But the universe is the universe. It is what it is and acts accordingly. Its causal. This knowledge is part of common human experience, prior to math and science.

[@dankuchar6821]

@@TeaParty1776 To say that the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics is somehow a claim that the universe is random is such an astronomical oversimplification that it makes absolutely no sense. But absolutely is not what the Copenhagen interpretation means at its core. Not even remotely close. It has to do with the measurement problem. Not about the universe being random. in fact saying that the universe is random is not even any kind of a statement to any physicist would have any clue what to do with. It really means nothing.

[@TeaParty1776]

@@dankuchar6821 QM math is valid. But Bohr claimed it meant a non-causal metaphysics. Bohm advocated a causal view but was ignored by the mainstream.

[@edreusser4741]

OMG that red and white dress is one of the coolest outfits I have ever seen. The video was really cool too.

[@paulussantosowidjaja93]

Thank you for the learning and reminder of David Bohm's. And I don't know why suddenly I see the correlation with MetaTrader chart where the point is just like the particle you mention. Interesting.

[@piercingspear2922]

Dr. Hossenfelder, could you make a video about weather or not Bell's inequality disproved hidden variables hypotesis? Thank you 😁

[@SabineHossenfelder]

No, it doesn't. It does for example not rule out Bohmian Mechanics!

[@rv706]

@Sabine Hossenfelder - If I understand well, Bell's inequalities imply in QM you can't have both "locality" and "realism" at the same time (given a few other standard-looking hypotheses). "Realism" means the results of experiments don't work as if the values of all the observables were already defined before the measurement. What does "locality" mean? How can QFT be "local" despite entanglement? Thank you!

[@talldarkhansome1]

@@rv706 what does locality mean? I wanna know too. We need a neutrino tachyon microscope operating in a warp bubble to get those answers!

[@phoule76]

He dropped a real Bohm with that theory of his.

[@johnpapish9409]

Brilliant. that's what I always thought all along. This lady is (in a quantum mechanical probabilistic sense) the most brilliant physicist of her day. She tells it like it is.

[@schmetterling4477]

Or maybe you are just easily impressed by a tasteless dress and a Tschoermin accent. ;-)

[@TalentChaserdotcom]

Excellent description. Food for thought

[@jessedampare1379]

But Bell literally proved quantum mechanics is non-local. Why do you make the claim of locality without even mentioning Bell? This was a very important experiment. Proven to be true many many times.

[@furrball]

Because hidden variables hold up when they're global, and Bohm's pilot wave is global.

[@DrunkenUFOPilot]

Bell: reality is either non-local, non-causal, or non-real. Or some combination. I prefer non-causal but whatever, Bell showed that at least one of those had to be so. Bohmian theory obeys bell's inequalities therefore cannot be a good theory of reality, even if reality is non-real. Isn't physics fun?

[@arikayemusic]

Bell's theorem ruled out hidden variable theories for LOCAL interpretations. It doesn't say much about non-local theories

[@ourabahkamel1647]

Bell was a one of the main proponents of Bohmian Mechanics. For example, in Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics, he wrote : "... conventional formulations of quantum theory, and of quantum field theory in particular, are unprofessionally vague and ambiguous. Professional theoretical physicists ought to be able to do better. Bohm has shown us a way. "

[@ourabahkamel1647]

I do agree that Bell's theorem is a theorem on non-locality. The starting point is the EPR argument; basically either the results of measurments pre-exist to the measurment process (hence, QM is incomplete) or there is some kind of spooky action at a distance, i.e., non-locality. What Bell has shown is that the mere assumption that the results of measurments pre-exist to the measurment process is in conflict with the predictions of QM, hence there should be a form of non-locality in QM (in the Copenhagen interpretation of QM, it is the collapse of the wave-function which is non-local). Bohmian mechanics is certainly not ruled out by Bell's theorem. It is clearly non-local and does not claim that the results of measurments pre-exist to the measurment process, because the measuring device has an active role in the theory. The process of measurment is understood as an interaction between the system and the apparatus.

[@aroesblackstone1]

The more of the letters and biographies I read about the giants of the field at that time just make me sad. Here they are digging at very fundamental questions while at the same time being pretty shitty people. Wouldn't surprise me if somewhere out there was a letter from Heisenburg calling people working on QED little better than lobotomy patients or somethings.

[@talldarkhansome1]

You want them to be gods?

[@aawiggins314159]

@@talldarkhansome1 I don’t think he does...but we all hope a little at least that people we admire can be admirable in other areas of their lives. Sadly as I recently pointed out myself a lot of people regardless of discipline may be giants in their field but massive disappointments as human beings.

[@aroesblackstone1]

@@talldarkhansome1 Naw, it just feels better in the head to imagine them cheering each other on rather than emotionally hamstringing but eh, sometimes reality is the worse alternative lol

[@harmless6813]

Humans. * shrugs *

[@DMichaelAtLarge]

@@talldarkhansome1 I want them to be objective scientists.

[@dragonsmith9012]

Your voice is so satisfying to listen to. But the content. My god. The content.

[@keepinmahprivacy9754]

One way to think about this is to compare it to the relativistic interpretation of gravity. There, we have a gravitational field (or spacetime metric if you prefer) whose geometry is determined by the distribution of matter, and then the field affects the motion of matter within it. In Bohmian mechanics, you have a probability field whose geometry is determined by the distribution of particles, and then the field affects the motion of the particles within it.

[@JayVal90]

This seems more like a soap opera filled with egos than a scientific inquiry. Its power lies in a different explanation that is easier for the layperson to understand and connect with than the Copenhagan interpretation, which should be viewed as a great asset. When you make something easier to understand that is equivalent, you always increase the depth that an average person can dive into the theory.

[@JayVal90]

@Ron Maimon I never said the math was any easier. Just that the explanation is easier for the layperson to understand and connect with.

[@paavobergmann4920]

that´s "scientific community", 101......

[@JayVal90]

@Ron Maimon I’m going to call BS on your claim about people in the 1940s.

[@david203]

The big advantage is not a better explanation for laypeople, but for physicists! Lots of weird concepts disappear, so theorizing becomes easier.

[@SM-il6tx]

To me the Bohmian formulation of non-relativistic QM is very important because it solves the measurement problem and makes statements about where randomness of the Copenhagen interpretation comes from and how it's generated. From my point of view every physical theory has to give a model of physical entities that are described by the mathematical apparatus. Copenhagen gives no such model and even forbids the question. How weird is that? Bohm went a step further and made a suggestion for a model for what entities' behaviour the Schrödinger equation describes. Taking into account that, I find criticism to Bohm from the Copenhagen guys deeply unfair. Perhaps they just wanted to hide their embarrasment because of this weakness of their interpretation behind their attacks. I am wondering if the best solution to the measurement problem might not simply be to assume that only in the measurement the outcome of it is determined. But not by coincidence, but by deterministic yet unmeasurable and uncontrollable influence of the measurement device on the measured object. If to explain reality non localism is needed, then add this. But always try to avoid randomness by all means, because for real randomness you can't give a model for a mechanism creating it .

[@schmetterling4477]

And there is the random person on the internet who doesn't know that there is no measurement problem and who doesn't understand Copenhagen, either. :-)

[@SM-il6tx]

@@schmetterling4477 Of course Copenhagen also has the measurement problem. After all it does not tell you how the measurement result is achieved from the probability distribution of the wave function. But how could it as it does not give a model for what it describes.

[@schmetterling4477]

@@SM-il6tx You can go into any physics lab in the world and watch them do measurements on atoms all day long and they can explain all of them with Copenhagen. There is no measurement problem. YOU just didn't take the time to understand from the ground up why it works. That's a problem with YOU. And, yes, it does tell you _how_ the measurement result is achieved. The projection operators tell you that for every spin up, there has to be a spin down somewhere else. For every bit of momentum change, there has to be an opposite momentum change somewhere else. If you weren't told that in your QM 101 class, then you should ask for your money back.

[@SM-il6tx]

@@schmetterling4477 Copenhagen does not explain why definite outcomes of measurements occur at all, it just postulates that. But that's no explanation, what YOU seem not to understand.

[@schmetterling4477]

@@SM-il6tx Your problem is not with Copenhagen, then. It's with nature. Nature doesn't tell you why a specific measurement outcome occurs. Copenhagen simply tells you exactly what nature tells you (in a certain non-relativistic approximation, of course). Would you like a flogger with that? You can take it to the shoreline next time to beat the ocean for making the sand wet. :-)

[@bernardputersznit64]

thank you dear - more lucid than most bohmian videos

[@vygotsky17]

Now this is why I love Sabine 🙂

[@krisspkriss]

@7:30 You explain your main hang-up with pilot wave theory. Try this out: In block time everything moves through space time @ the speed of causality known as C., including light (in a vacuum) . I am sure you agree with me so far. It also follows that a photon wouldn't experience time. A photon experiences space time as one long continuous now stretched across space. So no matter how clever your experiment is in creating a quantum eraser, you are fighting a losing battle because from the perspective of the photon, there is no pat or future, only now. In its reference frame there is no past or future, but one long now that goes from the point it is emitted until the point it is absorbed. Therefore, all spooky action at a distance would be an artifact of erroneously trying to transform from the photon's reference frame which has no time dimension to ours that does have a time dimension. I know the standard response is a photon has no valid reference frame. I counter it does AND that C isn't the speed of light at all, but the speed of causality. I think we get too hung up on the semantics of it, and that prevents us from even exploring the concept. In other words, perhaps Einstein chose the wrong wording to go along with his equations.

[@jmcsquared18]

Photons cannot have a reference frame by definition, if you accept the principles of relativity. A reference frame is just a choice of coordinates for spacetime. You can choose coordinates in any way you like. Special relativity demands that all photons travel at the same speed, the speed of light, in every frame of reference. This is a postulate, an assumption. But if a photon had its own reference frame, then it would be at rest with respect to that frame of reference (that's what it means for a particle to have a frame of reference). This blatantly violates the assumption of special relativity. So, if you want photons to have a frame of reference, then special relativity has to be thrown out.

[@matrixate]

Light can be proven to not be constant.

[@daviddurham8583]

Yes exactly, and this is similar to the Transactional interpretation without the backwardness.

[@jonathanedwardgibson]

I’m holding out for Eric Weinstein covering Queen’s Bohmian Rhapsody.

[@johnboze]

Well hold out no longer: Bohmian Rhapsody The Bohmian Rhapsody Challenge: (aka When Geeks Write Lyrics To Classical Mechanics Songs!) Is this the real life? Is this just fantasy? Caught in a landslide, No escape from Relativity. Open your eyes, Look up to the skies and see, I'm just a poor boy, I need no sympathy, (seriously both) Because I'm easy come, easy go, Little high, little low, Any way the Æther blows Relativity doesn't really matter to me, to me. Mama, just killed Relativity, Put logic in his head, Pulled my Inception, now Relativity "dead". Mama, my new life has just begun, Now I've gone and thrown Relativity away. Mama, ooh, Didn't mean to make you happy, If I'm not back again this time tomorrow, Carry on, carry on, like the EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles carries all Momentum, because Relativity doesn't matter. Too late, the time of the Æther has come, Sends shivers down my spine, Mind is thinking all the time. Goodbye, Relativity, time for you to go, Got to leave all 100 year old lies behind , and face the truth. Mama, ooh (Any way the Æther blows), I don't want to sigh, I sometimes wish I'd never solved TTOE at all. I see a little silhouetto of a man, Scaramouche, Scaramouche, will you do the Fandango? Thunderbolt and lightning very, very frightening me. (Galileo) Galileo. (Galileo) Galileo, Galileo Figured it out. Magnifico-o-o-o-o. I'm just a poor boy, nobody loves Relativity. He's just a poor boy from a Space Faring Family, Spare him his life from this monstrosity (Relativity). Easy come, easy go, will you let Relativity go? Bismillah! No, he will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Bismillah! He will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Bismillah! He will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Will not let Relativity go. (Let Relativity go!) Never let Relativity go (Never, never, never, never let Relativity go) Oh oh oh oh No, no, no, no, no, no, no Oh, mama mia, mama mia (Mama mia, let Relativity go.) Einstein has a put the devil inside of me, of me, of me. So you think you can warp space and time, LOL? So you think you can love Relativity and the truth you deny? Oh, baby, can't do this to me, baby, Just gotta get out, just gotta get Relativity right outta here. (Ooooh, ooh yeah, ooh yeah) EMG Kinetic Dipoles really are Matter, Anyone can see, EMG Kinetic Dipoles really are Matter, EMG Kinetic Dipoles ,really are Matter, you see. Any way the Æther blows... BRAVE'S TENET’s of NATURE 1. Space cannot be bent or warped. 2. Time cannot be bent or warped. 3. All forces are from collisions of EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles. 4. The Vacuum and all Particles are filled with only EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles. The readers digest version of how Nature actually works. [The Name of the EMG Kinetic Dipole is the "Bożeon". ("God Particle" in Polish). This is the very same EM Dipole you learned about in 3rd Grade studying bar magnets. Simply put the "Bożeon", the EMG Kinetic Dipole Particle is what makes up the "EM and Gravitational Fields" and all particles and causes all forces via collisions. The EMG Kinetic Dipole has mass, Dipole axis dependent Moments of Inertia, volume, surface area, and velocity (linear and angular) with more mass distribution at the North or Positive end. EMG Dipole Particles are on the order of 1x10^120 meters in length. The Fine Structure Constant defines the Effective Cross Sectional Area and Coefficient of Drag of the Photon and can be extrapolated down to also describe the EMG Kinetic Dipoles Effective Cross Sectional Area and Coefficient of Drag. The Drag of Photons through the "Wind of Dipoles" causes Photons to reach a Terminal Velocity of "c", the max speed of photon particles in an "atmosphere of kinetic dipole gas".] [ Polish is the nationality of the one who conceived the EMG Kinetic Dipole Particle and he knew Wernher von Braun, Alan Shepard, John Young, and was in Firing Room 1 at his DDAS Telemetry Network Terminal helping launch Neil and Buzz to the Moon. He had a stellar understanding of reality and Gravity. He helped conquer Gravity in 1969-1973, and post humorously conquered Gravity a Second Time.] [In short a Bose Gas of Bożeons fills the Vacuum and it's Mass and Energy Density Gradients cause the Bożeon's normal path of travel to deviate, bend, toward higher density Bożeon regions of space. This causes light (Photons, made of Vortexing EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles) to change their momentum vector in space under a variable index of refraction due do variable Dipole Density Gradients throughout space. This alters all particle motion around massive objects causes "Gravitational Lensing" and causes "Gravity". It is all redirection of Dipole Momentum due to Collisions. All particles are Bose-Einstein Condensates of trillions and trillions of vortexing EMG Kinetic Dipole Particles (Quantum Superfluid). The Vacuum you occupy know has ~22 micrograms of EMG Kinetic Dipoles hitting your body at the RMS speed of light "c". This collision of EMG Kinetic Dipoles causes a momentum transfer from the Vacuum Dipoles to Your Particle Dipoles and you accelerate toward the higher Dipole Density Field (Down).] [ The cores of Blackholes are Bose-Einstein Condensate Solids made of fully packed EMG Kinetic Dipoles at a 0.84 packing factor. The centers of blackholes are so packed the dipoles can no longer vibrate and lose most kinetic energy causing core collapse. That is the simple truth of Nature. ] BRAVE - Bożeon Research and Æther Verification Eταιρεία The Bohmian Rhapsody Challenge: Record your own version of the Bohmian Rhapsody about how you too killed Relativity in favor of Reality. The reward you will receive if you win the Bohmian Rhapsody Challenge will be Priceless: The Truth.

[@ApplePotato]

One of the major problems with Bohemian Mechanics is that there are no known or accepted reconciliation with Special Relativity and it is not for a lack of trying. It often times requires you to give up the conventional understanding of causality. Bohemian Mechanics might be a more intuitive way to understand QM, but it makes the problem much more complex than it has to be mathematically, with no new results added.

[@exoplanet11]

I love the CERN backdrop change.

[@jessicaarverne1181]

What's waving? A probability?

[@johnm.v709]

Waving kzbin.info/www/bejne/pJ_Op6J_fd-nhtk

[@OhShiraz]

I really liked the idea of a pilot wave theory.... as it made more sense to my simple brain... but I did not know Bohm's theory broke non-locality as Sabine explained... oh dear. The quantum mechanics "shut up and calculate" is not a scientific explanation of the world... it has a dogmatic tone which is not scientific and is an admission of failure in my view... The wave function collapse is not a name given to a physical process than can be understood (explained), but seems to be a label put on a mysterious process with no need for an explanation in quantum mechanics... which drives me crazy.

[@alanbarnett718]

It's not actually a process. Nobody has seen it happening. It's more a sort of... *discontinuity*. Not necessarily between two types of reality, more likely between reality and quantum theory. I've always disliked the Copenhagen Interpretation.

[@talldarkhansome1]

I prefer the pilot wave myself but collapsing wave functions remind me of the ringing we see in electrical systems in response to a square wave input. There is no instantaneous change but then again these waves are a different animal. Even Feynman diagrams assume all possible possibilities happening at the same time without any time passage.

[@alphagt62]

I’m with Einstein on this, there are hidden variables that are as yet not understood. Logic doesn’t take a hike just because we can’t explain something logically.

[@ThatCrazyKid0007]

@@alphagt62 If we take into account Bell's Inequality experiments, the only realistic hidden variables we could discover are non-local ones, which is still gonna be a big problem with Special Relativity and/or General Relativity. The problem is we have experimental results that completely perplex us.

[@TheGnewb]

This is beautiful. Thank you.

[@cyrilio]

Totally unrelated on the topic of the video. But love your cloathing/dress today and the background is amazing.

[@MarcelNKemet]

Einstein's "God does not play dice" = For Gods ALL the outcomes of the dice throwing happens at the same time. It's only the observer, who experiences one outcome or the other, depending on the observer's preliminary state.