Deviance: Crash Course Sociology #18

What is social deviance? Who defines what is deviant and how to people come to behave that way? Today we’re going to explore biological and psychological approaches to explaining deviance, including what each perspective can bring to the table, and their inherent limitations. From there, we’ll explain the sociological perspective and the social foundations of deviance.
Crash Course is made with Adobe Creative Cloud. Get a free trial here: www.adobe.com/...
***
Sunflower student movement in Taiwan by Artemas Liu www.flickr.com... (CC BY 2.0)
***
Crash Course is on Patreon! You can support us directly by signing up at / crashcourse
Thanks to the following Patrons for their generous monthly contributions that help keep Crash Course free for everyone forever:
Mark, Les Aker, Bob Kunz, mark austin, William McGraw, Jeffrey Thompson, Ruth Perez, Jason A Saslow, Shawn Arnold, Eric Prestemon, Malcolm Callis, Steve Marshall, Advait Shinde, Rachel Bright, Khaled El Shalakany, Ian Dundore, The Great Dionysus, Tim Curwick, Ken Penttinen, Dominic Dos Santos, Caleb Weeks, Kathrin Janßen, Nathan Taylor, Yana Leonor, Andrei Krishkevich, Brian Thomas Gossett, Chris Peters, Kathy & Tim Philip, Mayumi Maeda, Eric Kitchen, SR Foxley, Tom Trval, Andrea Bareis, Moritz Schmidt, Gianna Phelps, Jessica Wode, Daniel Baulig, Jirat
--
Want to find Crash Course elsewhere on the internet?
Facebook - / youtubecrashcourse
Twitter - / thecrashcourse
Tumblr - / thecrashcourse
Support Crash Course on Patreon: / crashcourse
CC Kids: / crashcoursekids

[@StepBackHistory]

I remember when I was in college I took a sociology of deviance course. It was one of the highlights of my degree. I remember writing a paper on the cannibal fetish online community and how it functioned. Life is strange.

[@JohanWinqvistTesseract]

Interesting. What did you find?

[@StepBackHistory]

There was a cool angle of how these kinds of interests had no way to become communities until the internet, and that for many it was a fantasy. So there's an unspoken dichotomy between fantasizers and those like Armin Meiwes who actually did it, or would if not for the law. there was also a Dom and Sub thing going on because there were some that fantasized being the victim rather than the.. consumer? I'm trying to keep this as clean as I can since this is crash course :P

[@JohanWinqvistTesseract]

Absolutely fascinating! I love learning about the stranger sides of human.... sexuality?

[@StepBackHistory]

Now that's a question and a half. Fetishes both are and arent related to sex. There's a whole library of debate about the nuances of it. Kink is a whole thing.

[@JohanWinqvistTesseract]

I'm part of the kink community myself. But not every part of it. But yes, I can certainly relate to that.

[@sugoma6741]

watching this as part of my remote learning for sociology class

[@denh0006]

they should do a Crash Course Statistics, it would help many psychology undergraduates across the world

[@superkidx6964]

I was required to take multiple stats and upper level Maths as part of my Psychology degree. Grammar was also required. ;)

[@mcmclifton79]

Professor Lenoard on KZbin is amazing and I do think they have some for some topics

[@watermelondreasymone7144]

Pretty sure khan academy has some videos on stats

[@lonepundit]

Wow! 2 hours worth of information in less than 10 minutes. Good job!

[@TKO_CEY]

I am entirely sure she once had purple hair

[@brettknoss486]

She has fake bleach blonde hair, which is more socially acceptable , and thus less deviant than in the past. For a while purple or green hair was in fashion, and thus not deviant. Indeed not changing styles can be socially deviant if the fashion has changed.

[@grahammyhill6717]

@@brettknoss486 That's irrelevant to this dude's comment though... He's just saying she probably put in the bit about purple hair because she probably used to have her hair dyed purple.

[@brettknoss486]

@@grahammyhill6717 it absolutely is. Social change is a topic for sociologists.

[@grahammyhill6717]

brett knoss No duh, of course it is. But they didn’t ask what color her hair was, you just pointed it out for no reason

[@mariadesir4569]

I'm studying for Sociology and you explained this so well. Thank you!

[@sandradermark8463]

Left-handedness was considered negatively deviant in the past. Any lefties here were set right by their elders?

[@ince55ant]

My granny was beat with a cane at school for being left handed. She writes with her right hand now but its not the neatest. bonus fact: the word sinister is derived from the latin word for left (dexter is right)

[@nainai6030]

Crash Course is consistently my favorite Sunday YT subscription. Off to watch the video now! Thanks, guys!

[@epsereth]

You are free to go watch Crash Course Physics instead, then.

[@jriceblue]

Dear Crash Course: Nicole is AWESOME. Please let her host more series! ;-)

[@kujmous]

I really enjoyed this and shared it with my deviant friends.

[@tmason2cool]

this is the best crash course series ever

[@HunterLaLone1998]

The units on deviance were my absolute favorite from my college Sociology courses. It's a riot to dig into deviance, from the progressive to the damaging to the ridiculous, especially when we got to do projects in acting out and documenting the response to deviance. My friend and I took the ridiculous route, and we spent a couple hours with me wheeling her around campus in a wheelbarrow while she played the Pokemon theme song badly on her clarinet. It's not exactly the deviance most people think of, but it's certainly not normal, and our professor got a kick out of it.

[@bobblues1158]

I really appreciate the content of your talks-but the hyper tempo and clipping of normal pauses in speech is, for me, very stressing. It leaves no time for reflection on the ideas you present. It may be trendy to present one´s ideas in this style- But a little breathing room between thoughts would help me be able to evaluate your ideas. Thank you for your efforts.

[@jameswillfree-eagleoftime3421]

I honestly believe that who you are is based on a mixture of nature & nurture that creates who you are, based on repetition so to speak, but we do have free will, & it's not going against other peoples judgment, it's about going against your own, which is possible. You don't have a time machine, you can't change the past, you do have free will, so you can choose your future.

[@NKMusic]

Ah

[@marlonabbas8171]

I just started intro to criminology at university and you explained this waaaaay better then my professor

[@thebiscuits5065]

🎵 crime is not actually caused by evil *CLAP* *CLAP* *CLAP* 🎵

[@shawnguy3317]

The Biscuits you got Batman entirely wrong

[@juanmanuelpenaloza9264]

Everyone is deviant, but some are more deviant than others...

[@timur5241]

Yep

[@LazyPillowCase]

Feeling confident on just watching this just before exams 👌

[@AndrewFiddes]

Although i appreciate the remarks on Biological essentialists and psychologist, there was no real discussion of actual sociologists in this episode? 'Deviance is not a quality of the act the person commits, but rather a consequence of the application by others of rules and sanctions to an “offender.” The deviant is one to whom that label has successfully been applied; deviant behavior is behavior that people so label.' (Becker, 1963, p.9) Like Becker? When discussing labeling theory of deviance how could you miss out Becker, not even in passing? I also understand that this series' discussion has been primarily American based but there were other options like Taylor, Walton and Young? However, I do understand if the plan is to carry on to discuss actual sociological writings in the following episodes.

[@mariuszj3826]

It's called a Crash Course it cannot discuss everything people expect of it.

[@AndrewFiddes]

Mariusz J It's also crash course sociology. Not crash course Psychology.

[@RobV5-]

I believe she closed saying she is going to get more in depth on the next episode.

[@TLCScience]

It's pretty interesting is it not! And like others have said it's really reminded me of a sociology course I took in undergrad. I'm sure I can work some more social science themes into our upcoming episodes.

[@mereSwamp]

Thanks Crash Course. Your videos have helped me out in sociology and history

[@mariuszj3826]

It's very similarly explained in linguistics in Politeness Theory where they distinguish Positive Face and Negative Face in the very same context.

[@narial587]

On the topic of muscular features and mass being a instigator to one's chance of crossing paths with the law through deviancy. I would assert that the muscle is not the causation but an asset, if an individual was going to commit a crime, being muscular in stature would be an asset to the criminal and decrees the risk, thus may increase the persons criminal confidence in doing criminal activities. While a criminal without this asset would be less inclined to commit physical intensive crimes and thus the persons criminal confidence is down when compared to the muscular one, witch I assert would make their chance to commit crimes less likely.

[@Thunderwalker87]

Criminals being more physically fit from my mild passing observation is from two causes. One, they do a lot of fighting and running so its a benefit to have strength. Two, when in jail/prison theres NOTHING TO DO so they work out.

[@ishbanyadav]

In my country, being a KZbinr is considered deviance!

[@juanmanuelpenaloza9264]

Where you from friend?

[@kombinatsiya6000]

it should be considered that in all countries.

[@marwakherroubi2994]

Mr IY are you from North Korea? ROFL

[@alexwang982]

Are you North Korean or Chinese?

[@william41017]

I guess you guys, besides op, didn't get the meaning of deviance

[@menopausal_dad]

this was my entire first half of the semester. Don't take deviant behavior, just watch this.

[@sandradermark8463]

At last we did deviance!! Thanks, Nicole!!

[@alutsenko2002]

Hello! Thank you so much for this video and the whole course, is is so great!

[@dr.habibnawab5149]

Great explanation of deviance...

[@RobV5-]

I love this crash course series.

[@NatnatXS]

How do you deal with these unlimited amount of variables that lead to a certain reaction? I love sociology and learning human interactions but when does an observation always play out to the same outcome? Since everything is set by the enviroment and genes there is always one possible solution to a certain input. Will sociology ever be able to calculate (rather than estimate) how to get to a certain outcome depending on the person?

[@carypoarch2088]

Overall great explanations. I did laugh when you slipped Karl Marx in there, lol.

[@Thais1985]

Twenty first! :D My first thought was she totally picked the right dress for this episode xD I love this course, it's awesome!

[@_Red_Panda_]

I NEEDED THIS VIDEO A MONTH AGO 😰😰😰😰😭😭😭😭

[@loahnuh]

I'm beginning to think that the idea of deviance is an illusion, mostly because I'm beginning to think that the idea of normative behavior is an illusion. Normative and deviant behavior have varied so much across history, and societies, and even generations that I have to wonder if human behavior can be typified; or if the powers that be simply wish to isolate and express certain behaviors for some benefit or another. Social groups of varying sizes and scopes seek to control the chaos that is human existence, focusing on specific ideas and behaviors in order stabilize a core set of values, values that are constantly in flux often coming up at odds with the will of the people. I know that not everyone is a fan Nietchze, but it is here that his tenet of nothing is true everything is permitted rings truest, it's just that what is permitted changes from era to era, and it changes so readily because there is no right answer.

[@mariuszj3826]

Illusion is not really an appropriate word to describe it. It is very much arbitrarily normative. It exists in our minds, though, it has very real consequences.

[@ArawnOfAnnwn]

This is basically what social (and moral) relativism says - and that's not a good path to tread down (seriously, it gets so silly that philosophy has spent the last century trying to rid itself of that malaise). Also, practically, both science and society typically define deviance in terms of what's deviant in the current social context, not across all human time and space. The latter definition of deviance leaves with a handful of things that are primarily useful only as a lens for things like evolutionary psychology, linguistics, etc. But for both everyday living as well as any research pertinent to the present day (which is not just science research, but also for things like public policy), you're better off sticking with the usual definition - what sticks out where and when you are, not from the entirely of human society.

[@AsianCalamariSQ]

Do you have some kind of source for philosophy trying to turn away from social and moral relativism? Not challenging you or anything, just curious. I've always observed that lots of people nowadays seem to prefer the idea that "everything is relative".

[@tsunderella5826]

It's because of how the socially acceptable and deviant behavior works. The theory is that as time goes by, society eventually begins to slowly accept certain socially deviant ideas into what is socially acceptable. For example, in the past the idea of gay marriage was shunned in the society of the past, but now it's being slowly accepted.

[@superkidx6964]

And now you've leapt from Sociology to Psychology. They differ. There is no normative. Mythology is a tool.

[@jeanthomas3910]

Purple and proud. Living in Brighton UK where difference is celebrated.

[@aqualeung]

So what causes some behavior to shift from deviant to not? I'm thinking things like long hair on men from the 1950's to now or visible tattoos. We can see the process happening, generally coinciding with exposure to the behavior. Is it a desensitizing phenomena?

[@nipundave9935]

I was so waiting for this !! Thanks

[@shereitograce7844]

This clarified everything I needed!

[@jimtuv]

So are normies a deviant's deviant? Maybe one day they will flip places.

[@naughtyskywalker9292]

Your pitch, pace and spectacles are neuron-killing. That being said, excellent vid. Thank you.

[@peacewillow]

thru-out childhood i endured taunts of "freak", "weirdo", "tree hugger" and "hippie" from classmates and fellow church choir members, as well as from family members. this continued into adulthood, with co-workers replacing classmates. i had no idea why this was happening, but it seemed to be due to my talking to plants and animals, reading voraciously and preferring my own company to vapid socializing, so i decided to embrace it. 😇 if "normal" means living a scripted life filled with selfishly pursuing your own personal pleasures at the expense of others, as it seems to be to me, then i'm all about embracing deviance, as long as it involves being free to think for yourself. 🌷

[@kikismalls88]

.... so nobody has a problem with the runway slave examples .. idc

[@Eu-Abreu]

an advice, if i shall... crash course should, in my humble opinion, give away the bibliography of the affirmations made during the presentation, could appear during the video on one of the bottoms (left or right) for accuracy and validity! thank you.

[@chantelwashington]

I am studying for sociology now in my school I could use a lot of help on this

[@DuranmanX]

Could their be positive sanctions for deviants?

[@jeraflare4355]

Cliques? Gangs?

[@toridiogene467]

Of course. For the purple hair example, while most elders will give you strange looks (negative sanctions) your peers can compliment you or give you a high five (which are positive sanctions). Sanctions are pretty much the reactions from your behavior.

[@ruoweilim7334]

don't scroll down you'll lose whatever faith you have left for humanity.

[@sophiarahim7932]

The law is hard but it is the law. Get the reference?

[@km1dash6]

I think Zimbargo has even theorized that Heroism is a type of deviance. Deviance isn't always bad.

[@Glockenspheal]

Deviants (Japanese 二つ名持ちモンスター) are special monster individuals that have survived previous hunter encounters and have taken on new traits and abilities. They are known to be similar to normal monster individuals though different and special in some ways. Deviants are known to have a unique appearance, fighting style, and adaptions in battle. Deviants are also known to sometimes be larger than normal individuals. From these special individuals being far more dangerous and different, only hunters with special permits are allowed to hunt them.

[@Acquavallo]

I love this series

[@godfreytomlinson2282]

4:00 The correlation between muscular males and criminal males is probably high testosterone as it increases muslce mass and also increases risk taking behaviour. So yeah it is still biological. She forgot to say biological essentialism is still partly true as it does have a big influence, it's just that upbringing and society do as well.

[@DuCorpoClinic]

Great video !

[@kristhore7895]

so helpful .thanks maam from philippines .

[@_aidid]

Deviance is not necessarily bad, it cab be good too. Deviance may create diversity and bring good changes.

[@sourcedrop7624]

I notice that most of the mechanics of society mirror high-control religious groups and cults. What's the difference?

[@osaleh94]

Can't wait for next week! Is it just me or was this episode less content dense than the rest of them?

[@leoseleo]

어후;; 선생님 말씀하시는 속도가 경주마급으로 빠르네요

[@Teo117]

Another lesson learned😁👍

[@JaneParkerBowls]

awesome video

[@timur5241]

Most people now know this term and having associations of this with videogame about deviant robots :\

[@ShawnRavenfire]

Another possible explanation for why criminals are more muscular is out of necessity. People who are more criminally active have more need to strengthen their bodies.

[@ragevampire3808]

Really good information.... But can you guys slow down a bit??? Just when we are understanding a point.. You are already finishing another point...

[@kalosvoss5573]

Oh joy. I can't *wait* to read these comments

[@sicparvismagna97]

really helpful.. thanks alot

[@dungna5424]

Thank you miss .worth listening. From Bhutan

[@tuomaskarmisto9194]

1:30 I don't think that staring at someone who doesn't depict accustomed norms (especially physical ones), is a form of intentional social control. It is common biology/reflex, it is unintentional by-product that has evolved in us to help keep a group of people in cohesive form. Deviating from the group has usually meant compromising the group's cohesiveness, hence the low threshold for us to look at people that are deemed to deviate much from one's normative group.

[@katiestolealltheunicorns9309]

Tuomas Karmisto Well isn't a sanction in some ways as much the effect as the intent? Plus you might be underestimating how much some people consciously disapprove of 'weird' or 'non-conformist' hair colours.

[@HughDingwall]

I think that both can be true - I mean, we have a bunch of biologically (or at least evolutionarily)-derived urges that we feel we need to keep in check - I don't immediately start eating the first food I can grab just because I feel hungry, I follow social norms about how, when, and what to eat. Similarly, people who look unusual might well attract our attention, but the degree to which we feel compelled to draw further attention or to or otherwise comment on that is a matter of how strongly we feel that some sort of social pressure needs to be applied (and also how much we've been socialised into not commenting on strangers because it's "rude").

[@ShawnRavenfire]

Another possibility is that things that are outside of what we consider normal to simply be a cause for curiosity. If you look like everyone else, I don't need to pay attention to you, because I subconsciously assume I already know all about you. If you look different from everyone else, I'm going to look in order to gain more information. Someone else could misinterpret this staring as expressing disapproval.

[@tuomaskarmisto9194]

Yes. Of course we humans have cultural and social aspects in our lives as well, besides the underlining biology in us. It is the cultural and social "evolution" that keep us from eating the first thing in the menu, having mindless sex with everything that moves etc. But can we label all our actions to be strictly cultural too? For example most common phobias for us is the fear of the dark and the fear of spiders, snakes etc. - purely evolutionary traits. Also it is really hard to move on about city and to not look straight at peoples eyes - face recognition was/is one of the most valuable tools for identifying a threat. I still argue that random staring at people is not intentional and certainly not malevolent action. For some though it might be more intentional, but we should not label it as a "social control" like in this video. This is one of the reasons that people deem sociology to be unscientific, it lacks the explaining power of certain categories; such as implying that social control means everything from staring at random people to percentage of males that represent the parliament. It Is little too vague and there's just so many variables, and I know, I study humanities at the university.

[@toridiogene467]

Tuomas Karmisto social control isn’t intentional. Most of the time it is unconscious. When people in a society find something not “normal” we tend to react a certain way (sanctions). These sanctions will cause an influence on the person and without realizing it, end up conforming to society’s norms. For example, after getting weird looks from everyone after dying her hair purple, you would probably dye it a more natural color and not dye it purple. It’s not intentional it’s just our unconscious reactions

[@geoffreywinn4031]

Cool video!

[@zEropoint68]

can a thing be deviant for one person in a society and normal for every other person like that one person in that same society? are there things that everyone filling a certain role are considered okay to do except for one person? what is that one singled out person? if they do the same things as the people around them and are labeled deviant because of some quirk of the society, what are they really? if a person does the same things as other people but other people call those things deviant _only_ for that one person, what is that?

[@MonDieuMaCauseMonEpee]

Crash course Linguistics!!!

[@visjules]

I am takin this with a hint of salt

[@hannahburdekin7515]

Completely unrelated but WHERE do you get your wardrobe from? I'm obsessed 😍

[@georgeclancy1755]

If viewed from a social-cognitive viewpoint, it would be pretty easy to synthesize the psychological and social explanations of deviancy. I may have just given someone a dissertation.

[@jamesgordon3274]

Could it be that bigger guys are more able to be criminals, regardless of social pressures?

[@quinwalker6469]

that makes sense. Plus, people who tend towards crime are more likely to value physical strength and thus spend time cultivating it. then their social norms, and genetic predispositions both get passed on to the next generation of their offspring.

[@notnormalyet]

There's also the fact that people who do manual labor are more likely to be strong AND poor (and more disillusioned with society and the law). A person with a well paying desk job is probably not robbing banks.

[@angelic8632002]

+Correctrix This was my thinking is as well. It probably shows up in statistics but aren't enough of a factor to be considered a predictor on its own. I think she was trying to hint on the broader causality in the video though. Culture, biology, upbringing, it all plays a role. I don't think you can focus on one aspect like that.

[@MainlyHuman]

Also consider that many crimes do not require a biosex male to have greater than average strength. There are a wide variety of non-violent crimes and weapons (specifically guns) enable anybody to threaten the life of another. Finally I submit that you don't have to be stronger than average to gain an advantage, you just have to be stronger than your victim.

[@jamesgordon3274]

MainlyHuman Firearms are not a magic talisman, they require both strenth and skill to be properly utilized. A compentent shooter requires years of training and practice, and many thousands of rounds of range time. That being said, testostrone definitely plays a roll. It encourages greater risk taking and more muscle mass. Males have always needed both of these traits. The line between a sheepdog and a wolf is very fine, and crossing between predator and protector is very easy in a means context.

[@km1dash6]

Can normal behavior be made deviant as a means for social oppression? And can deviant behavior become acceptable if it benefits people in power?

[@arielnaghi7944]

6:14 6:43 7:25

[@TrekkieBrie]

Wow I love her shirt!

[@TH-fh6uy]

can you talk any faster?.. Without breathing !!!

[@overofavor4292]

It's 2 am, I have a Sociology Exam by 10 am and I am freaking out!!!!

[@michelgabe1629]

Are sociological rules unbreakable ? I mean i dont label anyone for example, and what would happen if we would all be devient. I would personally say thats just the way society usually develops but i dont think these rules are unbreakable.

[@JaviEngineer]

Say I hanged a whole bunch of Papua New Guineas cause I believed they are inferior. " I don't want to be labeled a racist or Murderer.... " This is where your logic is bad, and not useful.

[@michelgabe1629]

Javier E Castillo i dont geht your point at all, you should be called a murderer and racist when you kill people because you think their race is inferior. this is law. what i meant is that i dont sanction anyone who behaves a bit different or looks a bit different than the Norm.

[@SomeFreakingCactus]

I wonder: could criminal activity be a necessary aspect of a functioning society?

[@WarblesOnALot]

G'day, Well, having some Individuals deviating from "the Norms" in all sorts of ways and directions has traditionally been seen as a Species thus having something of an "Insurance Policy", against all and any possible unforseen sudden changes in Environmental Conditions which might result in most or all of the "Normal" Individuals being culled by circumstance.... If contemporary Corporate Life in an Industrial City is considered to be a "Rat Race" of (Human) Lemmings, all trying to reach the head of the Pack, competing with each other to lead the rest of Humanity's "Norms" over the Cliff of Anthropogenic Global Warming's Tipping-Point, to set off a runaway Greenhouse-Effect...; then being the sort of "Deviant" who realises that the Racers are all running in a stupid direction might be a mark of both intelligence and reasonableness, as well as an unwillingness to work hard at a Project which needs to be stopped, as soon as possible. I personally live on the very outside edge of a Society which has become so out of touch with Reality (ie, "Psychotic") that they light Fires, to make their Food become Cold...; I can't bring myself to join in with them, so I use a 1920s-vintage Trafalgar Cold-Safe to keep my Beer cold, it uses between 5 and 10 Litres of Water per Week, drawing it's "operating energy" from the Air which it cools...(!). One day, when the Oil Pipeline becomes unplugged and the Electric Grid is thus depowered...; it'll be the "Deviants" and the Oddballs, the Hillbilly Hermits and Recluses, those who have withdrawn away from the Mainstream, "far from the madding Crowd...", who'll have some chance of inheriting the Earth - as the Meek are long prophesied to be going to do, in the Long Run... Because, come the Day..., all the "Normal" trendy Racing Human "Rats" will have taken their Running Jump over their Cliff, all planning to magically either evolve a set of Wings with which to fly away, or functional Gills enabling them to breathe underwater, all before they fall into the Sea at the foot of the Cliff....; and drown there, owing to the enormous difficulty of swimming with multiple Fractures while unconscious, from impact with the Ocean...(!). Just(ifiably ?) sayin', Take it easy... ;-p Ciao !

[@Naomi_Thornton]

Would cat-calling be consider a negative or a positive sanction?

[@girlygirl14rulez]

Robert merton's theory of deviance

[@mikkii3989]

What's with the slave?

[@shakespearaamina9117]

you are perfect!!!

[@TheDeuceofSpades]

Boxing: what "evolved" from a primitive approach to resolving conflict. Add gloves, ropes, clothing, rules and a ref. Now it's socially acceptable. I'm not against it, but that example carries a little irony.

[@pierogimsp5557]

Where is John Green?

[@sociologyforallexams522]

great

[@Brat._.titude]

I mean not to bash anyone but It’s the enslaved not slaves .we were enslaved.That is what our Caribbean studies teacher taught us.

[@martijndekok]

I'm a bit disappointed. When trying to explain why people become deviant, they only seem to focus on criminal deviance. What about non-criminal deviance like simple non-conformity? I would find it much more interesting to know why some people tend to conform so easily while others seem to have a stronger need for individuality.

[@crashcourse]

A fair point, but check back next week! We've got two more episodes on deviance, and the next one, on theories of deviance, is quite a bit less crime-focused. (The following episode is about crime, specifically, though.)

[@martijndekok]

Thanks for answering. Looking forward to it.

[@hazeltiberiuslee7216]

Thank you :)

[@carolacontinenza5443]

ok, but geez slow down! You gave me headache :D Good talk anyway, really informative

[@kirktizon8061]

Hello PH

[@akhilp3559]

crash course scientology pls

[@benaaronmusic]

It is deviant to leave a neutral comment.

[@leila9030]

Deviance can also come across as judgemental and misinterpretation of others normality. I considered normative as a stupid illusion

[@mariajohansson1186]

Im deviant

[@Ryan-wk3mc]

People should really be taught the idea of the "third variable problem" in primary school.