Discourse communities - Language as Social Practice - Discourse & Gender - Discourse Analysis

Discourse communities - Language as Social Practice - Discourse & Gender - Discourse Analysis
A discourse community is a group of people who share some kind of activity. Members of a discourse community have particular ways of communicating with each other. They generally have shared goals and may have shared values and beliefs. A person is often a member of more than one discourse community. Someone may be a university student, a member of a community volunteer organization, and a member of a church group, for example. The ways in which they communicate in each of these groups, and the values and beliefs that are most prominent in each of these groups may vary. There may also be discourse communities within discourse communities. Academic departments, for example, may differ in the ways that they do things and the beliefs and values that they hold, as indeed many other parts of the university
Language is used as a local and social practice in any community, for instance, a speaker might use multiple languages or verities of languages in different situations and among different discourse and speech communities.
A doctor might be using language differently with his colleagues and paramedical staff, then with his family members and friends. He also might be using language differently with his former medical college friends.
In general terms, “sex” refers to the biological differences between males and females, such as the genitalia and genetic differences. “Gender” is more difficult to define, but it can refer to the role of a male or female in society, known as a gender role, or an individual's concept of themselves, or gender identity.
'Sex' and 'gender' are often used interchangeably, despite having different meanings: Sex refers to a set of biological attributes in humans and animals. ... Gender refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, expressions, and identities of girls, women, boys, men, and gender diverse people.
Gender, then, is not just a natural and inevitable consequence of one’s biological sex (Weatherall 2002 ). It is, rather, ‘part of the routine, ongoing work of everyday, mundane, social interaction’; that is, ‘the product of social practice’ (Eckert and McConnell-Ginet 2003: 5). Gender, further, as Swann ( 2002: 47) has pointed out: has come to be seen as highly fluid, or less well defined than it once appeared. In line with gender theory more generally, researchers interested in language and gender have focused increasingly on plurality and diversity amongst female and male language users, and on gender as performativity - something that is ‘done in context, rather than a fixed attribute.
Simone de Beauvoir famously said ‘one is not born, but rather becomes a woman’. Performativity is based on the view that in saying something, we do, or ‘become’ it. A person learns, for example, how to do and, in turn ‘display’, being a woman in a particular social setting, of a particular social class. People perform particular identities through their use of language and other ways of expressing themselves in their interactions with each other. Mostly, this is done unconsciously as we ‘repeat acts’ such as gestures, movement, and ways of using language that signifies, or index a particular identity. These acts are not, however, natural nor are they part of the essential attributes of a person. They are part of what people acquire in their interactions with each other.

[@romanticboy534]

thank you sir. special thanks for the Saqib betani to tell me about this channel.

[@usamatahir1995]

That is so sweet of him. Welcome to this learning space.

[@hasanraza8489]

thanku so much Sr

[@asports9360]

Thanks u Sir 😍

[@humailhussan7376]

Where is the discussion of rest of chapter ?

[@UsmanUsman-jy3fz]

please make on video theme and rhem with thematic analysis

[@naveedakhtar843]

Gender practices( Direct and indirect) sir?

[@UsmanUsman-jy3fz]

plz soon

[@hajraarif7189]

Usama tahir how can we contact you?