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Redshift is a phenomenon in astronomy and cosmology where the light from an object in space appears to be shifted toward longer wavelengths, often into the red part of the electromagnetic spectrum. This occurs because the object emitting the light is moving away from the observer. Redshift is a key piece of evidence for the expansion of the universe, as discovered by Edwin Hubble in the early 20th century.
There are two main types of redshift:
Doppler Redshift: This type of redshift is caused by the motion of an object relative to an observer. When an object is moving away from the observer, the light it emits gets stretched out, resulting in longer wavelengths and a shift toward the red end of the spectrum. This is similar to the way a car's sound changes as it moves away, causing a drop in pitch (Doppler effect).
Cosmological Redshift: This redshift is caused by the expansion of the universe itself. As the universe expands, the space between objects also expands, causing the wavelengths of light to stretch out over vast cosmic distances. This results in a redshift of light from distant galaxies and is a fundamental piece of evidence for the Big Bang theory.
Measuring redshift is crucial for understanding the motion and distance of celestial objects and for studying the large-scale structure and evolution of the universe. It is a key tool in cosmology and helps astronomers determine the speed at which galaxies are moving away from us and the age of the universe.
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