DNA Replication | Lecture 6

What is DNA replication?
DNA replication is the process by which DNA makes a copy of itself during cell division.
1. The first step in DNA replication is to ‘unzip’ the double helix structure of the DNA? molecule.
2. This is carried out by an enzyme? called helicase which breaks the hydrogen bonds? holding the complementary? bases? of DNA together (A with T, C with G).
3. The separation of the two single strands of DNA creates a ‘Y’ shape called a replication ‘fork’. The two separated strands will act as templates for making the new strands of DNA.
4. One of the strands is oriented in the 3’ to 5’ direction (towards the replication fork), this is the leading strand?. The other strand is oriented in the 5’ to 3’ direction (away from the replication fork), this is the lagging strand?. As a result of their different orientations, the two strands are replicated differently:
5. A short piece of RNA ?called a primer? (produced by an enzyme called primase) comes along and binds to the end of the leading strand. The primer acts as the starting point for DNA synthesis.
6. DNA polymerase? binds to the leading strand and then ‘walks’ along it, adding new complementary? nucleotide? bases (A, C, G and T) to the strand of DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction.
7. This sort of replication is called continuous.
Numerous RNA primers are made by the primase enzyme and bind at various points along the lagging strand. Chunks of DNA, called Okazaki fragments, are then added to the lagging strand also in the 5’ to 3’ direction. 7. This type of replication is called discontinuous as the Okazaki fragments will need to be joined up later. 8. Once all of the bases are matched up (A with T, C with G), an enzyme called exonuclease strips away the primer(s). The gaps where the primer(s) were are then filled by yet more complementary nucleotides. 9. The new strand is proofread to make sure there are no mistakes in the new DNA sequence. 10. Finally, an enzyme called DNA ligase? seals up the sequence of DNA into two continuous double strands. 11. The result of DNA replication is two DNA molecules consisting of one new and one old chain of nucleotides. This is why DNA replication is described as semi-conservative, half of the chain is part of the original DNA molecule, half is brand new. 12. Following replication the new DNA automatically winds up into a double helix. #MolecularBasisOfInheritance #DNAReplicationProcess #MechanismOfDNAReplication

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Directions of both leading and lagging strands from 3' to 5' of template and 5' to 3' of newly synthesized strands. But the leading strand moves towards the replication fork and the lagging strands move away from the replication fork.

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I 1st time heard the nuclease enzyme that the cut of the replication bubble in center.... there is just one exonuclease activity(DNA Polymerase I) which is used to remove the primers only.....

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Kya Dna replication mech. Same hota hae kya prokaryotes aur eukaryotes mae sir...Sir please rply

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During replication either DNA moves or polymerase III?

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Que. The enzymes and proteins that are used in the process of DNA replication, are these enzymes and proteins the same in human all cells during replication. Or are enzymes and proteins of different nature used for replication in each cell?

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Lagging strand and leading strand q bantay hain?

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Sir haven't mentioned but this is the DNA replication in prokaryotes!🧬 the polymerase enzymes used in prokaryotes and eukaryotes are diffrent. The process is entirely the same but the enzymes used are different. E.g. in eukaryotes, the polymerisation process is carried out by the enzyme Pol δ, whereas in prokaryotes it is done by DNA Pol III.

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Is this the same method of replication in prokaryotes? Means they also have all these enzymes in prokaryotes??

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Parental DNA ki direction 5 to 3 hy jesa k always 5 to 3 he huti hy new leading strand continue bnta hy is lia towards replication hy... So new strand 3 to 5 hy but formation of DNA strand 5 to 3 he hy is lia arrows ult Lagy our accurate lgay hn

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This is replication in prokaryotes

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