Rapid Revision Internal medicine / Hematology -Dr Aishwarya For Neet PG

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Rapid Revision Internal medicine Hematology
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Hematology in internal medicine focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of blood disorders. This rapid revision covers essential topics including anemia, leukemia, lymphoma, and coagulation disorders, providing key points for quick recall and exam preparation.
Anemia -
Iron-Deficiency Anemia: Most common type; characterized by microcytic, hypochromic RBCs. Symptoms include fatigue, pallor, and pica. Diagnosis through low serum ferritin, high TIBC, and low hemoglobin levels. Treated with iron supplements.
Megaloblastic Anemia: Due to deficiency of vitamin B12 or folate. Features macrocytic RBCs, hypersegmented neutrophils. Neurological symptoms are seen in B12 deficiency. Treated with vitamin supplementation.
Hemolytic Anemia: Caused by increased RBC destruction. Look for signs like jaundice, dark urine, and splenomegaly. Diagnostic tests include increased reticulocyte count, indirect bilirubin, and LDH. Treat underlying cause.
Leukemia -
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): Rapid progression, common in adults. Symptoms include fatigue, infections, and bleeding. Diagnosis through peripheral blood smear, bone marrow biopsy showing myeloblasts.
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): Characterized by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome (BCR-ABL). Symptoms include splenomegaly and fatigue. Treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (e.g., imatinib).
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Most common in children. Symptoms include bone pain, fever, and lymphadenopathy. Treated with chemotherapy.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Common in elderly, often asymptomatic initially. Features lymphocytosis, smudge cells on smear. Management may include watchful waiting or chemotherapy.
Lymphoma -
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Characterized by Reed-Sternberg cells. Presents with painless lymphadenopathy, fever, night sweats, and weight loss (B symptoms). Treated with chemotherapy and radiation.
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma: Diverse group of lymphoid malignancies. Presents similarly to Hodgkin’s but with more systemic involvement. Management depends on the type and stage, ranging from observation to aggressive chemotherapy.
Coagulation Disorders -
Hemophilia: A hereditary disorder causing a deficiency in clotting factors (Factor VIII in Hemophilia A, Factor IX in Hemophilia B). Symptoms include spontaneous bleeding, hemarthrosis. Treatment involves factor replacement therapy.
Von Willebrand Disease: Most common inherited bleeding disorder. Characterized by prolonged bleeding time, easy bruising. Managed with desmopressin (DDAVP) or vWF concentrates.
Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Formation of a blood clot in a deep vein, often in the legs. Symptoms include pain, swelling, redness. Diagnosis with D-dimer, ultrasound. Treated with anticoagulants like heparin and warfarin.
Key Diagnostic Tools -
Complete Blood Count (CBC): Essential for diagnosing anemia, leukemia, and other blood disorders.
Peripheral Blood Smear: Provides information on the morphology of blood cells, useful in diagnosing anemias and leukemias.
Bone Marrow Biopsy: Critical for diagnosing hematologic malignancies like leukemia and lymphoma.
Coagulation Tests: Including PT, aPTT, and INR, these tests help diagnose and monitor bleeding and clotting disorders.
Conclusion -
Rapid revision of hematology in internal medicine covers essential blood disorders, emphasizing key diagnostic criteria, treatment options, and clinical presentations. This focused approach aids in quick recall for exams and clinical practice. 🩸📚
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[@Lord_Ram_Krishn]

*If you are able to give like then give like it is shameful for students* *Thanks sir helpful lecture*

[@Arabfarmer]

The pronunciation of cheilosis is with k not ch. Also the spelling is wrong.

[@TanuSingh-f9h]

Thanks sir💯❤️

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Welcome!