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🔴 Doctrine of lapse
The Doctrine of Lapse was an annexation policy extensively applied by East India Company in India until 1859. The doctrine stated that any princely state under the vassalage of the company will how its territory annexed should the ruler of the said state fail to produce an heir. The doctrine and its application were regarded by many Indians as illegitimate.
The Doctrine of Lapse was one of the underlying factors that led to the revolt of 1857.
🔴 Features of Doctrine of Lapse
Before the introduction of this doctrine, the princely states had a ritualised method of adoption practised for centuries An heir apparent would eventually be selected from a pool of candidates, who were groomed for succession from an early age, called bhayats if no competent born-to son were produced (an obviously unsuitable or treasonous born-to son could be excluded from the succession).
If the ruler died before adopting a successor, one of his widows could adopt an heir, who would immediately accede to the throne. The adoptee would cut all ties with his birth family. Once the Doctrine of Lapse came into place the following features were now faced by the Indian rulers.
👉🏻 According to this doctrine, any princely state under the direct or indirect (as a vassal) control of the East India Company, should the ruler not produce a legal male heir, would be annexed by the company.
👉🏻 This was not introduced by Lord Dalhousie even though it was he who documented it and used it widely to acquire territories for the British.
👉🏻 As per this, any adopted son of the Indian ruler could not be proclaimed as heir to the kingdom. 👉🏻 The adopted son would only inherit his foster father’s personal property and estates.
👉🏻 The adopted son would also not be entitled to any pension that his father had been receiving or to any of his father’s titles.
This challenged the Indian ruler’s long-held authority to appoint an heir of their choice.
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