DON’T Hold Your Pee

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DON’T Hold Your Pee
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In this video, Justin from the Institute of Human Anatomy discusses whether or not it's possible for the bladder to rupture, as well as the relevant anatomy of the urinary system.
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References
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti....
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NB...
pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16006....
journals.physiology.org/doi/f...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
www.frontiersin.org/articles/...
www.frontiersin.org/articles/...
link.springer.com/article/10....
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Video Timeline
00:00 - 00:55 Intro
00:56 - 02:15 The Kidney and Ureter
02:16 - 03:21 The Urinary Bladder
03:22 - 03:51 The Urethra
03:52 - 05:06 Sexy Pictures of Young Justin
05:07 - 06:02 Specialized Bladder Epithelium
06:03 - 06:55 Muscles of the Bladder and Urethra
06:56 - 07:58 The Urge to Pee
07:59 - 09:29 Deciding When to Pee
09:30 - 10:40 Types of Bladder Ruptures
10:41 - 12:26 Causes of Bladder Ruptures
12:27 - 13:19 Pee Your Pants or Kidney Damage?
13:20 - 14:10 Outro
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Audio Credit: www.bensounds.com
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#Keeps #Bladder #Anatomy

[@justfr4nk468]

But seriously, as a med student your vids have helped me a lot to get a better understanding of what I'm learning in my books

[@mcrchickenluvr]

They helped me a LOT when I had to take anatomy classes in college. These guys explain things much more clearly than most of the anatomy professors that I know do.

[@justfr4nk468]

@tu17💫💋 silence witch, you can't seduce me with sacks of fatty tissue, who's main purpose is to provide nourishment of the newborn, or your skin with less melanin which makes you think you're superior to people with more of it in their skin cells, but for me it's nothing more than a genetical factor You're just another bag of mostly water, proteins and lipids, who's trying to manipulate people's brain and my brain does not consider watching uncultured women as a pleasurable activity if not just a waste of time and resources So please bugger off Sincerely, Fr4nk

[@basil1400]

@@justfr4nk468 it’s only a bot , chill

[@irfan_0481]

@@justfr4nk468 u got my respect..soldier

[@goku445]

Please also learn nutrition on the side, it's not taught to MD.

[@fefemyluv]

I remember my bladder ruptured. To be fair, I had just had bladder surgery and the wall of my bladder wasn’t 100% healed. It was one of the worst pains ever having urine get into my body (and I have a high pain tolerance). Literally touching me with one finger sent excruciating pain through my body. At that point, I was entering septic shock…it was just a mess.

[@respond_code3]

@@uzunerfatih she stated why in her comment. Bladder surgery that wasn't fully healed.

[@melissapimentel8033]

Aww man just thinking about that I couldn’t even imagine! I had two kidney infections in my life massive infections and it’s the worst so u omg I can’t! Th an God u are ok

[@iLoveBoysandBerries]

Did you survive?

[@jr2904]

@@iLoveBoysandBerries no, obviously. KZbin comments are just part of her unfinished work

[@peachxtaehyung]

That's scary!!! My Foley catheter is always blocking up and alot of the time they take over 12 hours to fix it waiting for urologist to show up. So that's scary hearing that it's that painful!

[@Keitosha]

I remember in 2007 during the "Wii craze" there was a contest on a radio station called "Hold your pee for a Wii". Contestants needed to drink as much water as possible without urinating. Unfortunately this resulted in the death of a woman who drank about 2 US galons (7,6L) of water. It wasn't her bladder exploding or kidney failure, but water intoxication that caused her death. Very tragic.

[@iwakuraSanta]

the station ignored calls from the public that this was very dangerous

[@melTiceTiger]

I remember this story!

[@damakhif]

I remembered that case, may she rest in peace.

[@bench2095]

Water intoxication isn't talked about enough. I wonder if she even got the wii

[@JoseLopez-pv5hd]

Mr ballen 🏀

[@amymills9228]

Storage + organ = a very missed opportunity to call it a "storgan" by the entire medical community.

[@theanatomylab]

We support making the change!

[@NokiaHumanForm]

Harvard: yo negus u want a scholarship?

[@racetrack5614]

🤣🤣😂😂🤣

[@livephysiology]

It's interesting to hear him mention the pressure gradient build up in the bladder that pushes urine out. When the heart contracts, and pushes blood into the aorta, it creates a pressure gradient that pushes blood along all throughout the cardiovascular system. When someone's bladder is full and finally is able to relieve oneself, it is very easy to feel the pressure pushing the urine out. It is interesting that the same process that moves blood along can be felt much more intensely by the process of relieving oneself of an extremely full bladder.

[@cheekydevil69ER]

Itll give u UTI if its extremely full

[@amplemedicallectures]

Subscribe this channel for Latest Medical Lectures.

[@josemanuelgonzalez8402]

The presentations was excellent, but I think that you are risking your credibility whit all the hair growth promotion and hopefully you could get some results of your products,!!

[@simonjcelliot]

@@josemanuelgonzalez8402 at least we can just double tap past them..

[@mitchclover258]

@MY Opinion Channel Could be urinary retention. Where the bladder doesnt empty completely meaning you half less room for more pee. Almost went into cat kidney failure from it. I'd definitely see a urologist

[@NYCgirl927]

I was a labor and delivery nurse for 40 years. I put thousands of catheters in patients and now thankful none of these horrific injuries have happened to my patients. I’m amazed how much urine a bladder can hold Love your channel. Presented so everyone understands

[@JustAnotherBuckyLover]

I saw a story once of a girl who had been given a spinal block for some kind of leg surgery, and they (somehow) forgot to cath her. By the time they got around to it, they ended up draining two litres of urine from her bladder. I swear I had sympathetic abdo pain from that one. Then again, my best friend semi-regularly holds 1+litre overnight and I have no idea how. Then again, neither does her pelvic pt or her urogyn. Probably a side effect of her EDS.

[@JustAnotherBuckyLover]

@doomer pill It's not just joints, it's all connective tissue (usually collagen is the affected protein). It can cause very stretchy skin for example, and it's common to have PoTS alongside EDS because the blood vessels are more stretchy and don't response as well to changes in blood pressure etc as you move around. So it's probably related to that.

[@NYCgirl927]

@doomer pill EDS so rare If I had a labor patient with EDS I’d definitely know.

[@NYCgirl927]

@@JustAnotherBuckyLover patients who have a spinal or epidural should have a foley catheter in because recovery from spinal anesthesia is different in everyone. After spinal anesthesia is administered put a foley in. Yes I know there’s a chance of a UTI but it’s rare. Makes calculating I&O more specific and in some patients this is very important.

[@JustAnotherBuckyLover]

@@NYCgirl927 That's precisely the point - that they forgot and by the time they remembered, she was in acute retention and her bladder contained around 2 litres of urine. I mean, EDS Isn't super, super rare. It's very much underdiagnosed though, especially hEDS (it has a prevalence of up to 1/5,000). The trouble is that my friend (like many other Zebras), for example, wasn't diagnosed with hEDS until LONG after delivering three children when one kid also started showing obvious signs, and another had more subtle signs. They're STILL fighting to get an official diagnosis for the kids. The NDIS (the disability welfare organisation in Australia) refuses to recognise her diagnosis because she doesn't have a genetic test proving it, even though there IS no genetic marker for hEDS. So yeah, it's utterly ridiculous how many Zebras struggle to be recognised (particularly those with hEDS which ALSO happens to be the most common form). You say thousands of caths, so I suspect you've had at least one EDS patient, even if you (and maybe they) didn't know it. Turns out Zebras are more common than people think. For some reason, a lot of people assume that to have EDS you must be tall and spindly, but that's Marfan's syndrome. The various types of EDS don't all cause that same Marfanoid appearance (and yes, I know a family with three Marfan's people in, too - mom and two kids). You tend to find others with those conditions when you all suffer the same kind of dysautonomia.

[@nutofwisdom791]

i know everyone probably tells the same thing in comments but the content here is super educative and interesting. Thank you for sharing these with us

[@theanatomylab]

We truly appreciate that!

[@vickyvkusnyatina6126]

@@theanatomylab I can't believe you guys are also in SLC, UT!!

[@FreddyFaz18YT]

Epic 💙

[@ChrisCooper312]

I find the urinary response fascinating in how closely it resembles an automatic safety control system. To start it sits in the background and doesn't bother you. Then when the bladder reached a certain level it sends the user (you) a caution and begins the process to prepare for a urine dump. You can override the caution and for a while it won't really bother you again. Then it gives a warning, and that's pretty much the autonomous system sounding an alarm and flashing red lights in your brain and beginning the countdown to an automated urine dump. If you fail to manually open the valve, once the pressure reaches a certain level, the automatic safety system takes over and initiates an energy dump of the urine storage tank.

[@corettamwapekaluya8543]

OMG... This well reexplained

[@gyrgrls]

You just made me piss my pants. You are a whiz at dry humor. My wife thinks I am quite the cunning linguist. She always tells me in pub[l]ic, "Urine asshole".

[@lenorapalminteri1002]

Making it sound like some type of hydrolic system is another great way of putting it! LOL!

[@andrew..c]

I had an arachnoid cyst that filled my sacrum and compressed the nerves for my bladder. I just stopped urinating one day, and no matter what I tried, I couldn’t pee. I eventually had to call an ambulance. At the hospital, they used a catheter to drain my blabber. Total of just over 1400ml. That was the piss of a lifetime. 10 hour spinal surgery to open my sacrum and remove the cyst did the trick in the end.

[@Julia-uh4li]

That's a horrible thing to have gone through. I'm going to have to use a conversion chart or see how many 2 liter bottles worth of urin you were holding 😉 I hope you are doing great since all that x

[@andrew..c]

Yes! It was a success even though it was a 50/50 that the surgery would work and that I might also risk damage to all those other amazing nerves that help you do stuff like poo, get an erection, etc etc. Didn’t like the prospect of self cathetering the rest of my life to pee, so for me the surgery was worth the risk.

[@wangdangler5273]

Welp, there goes my sleep tonight 🙃

[@ikalramag1878]

𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐥𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫 ❶❽ 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐨𝐥𝐝 *nude-datting.online* exclusive He's the person I love, he's my light day. The way the music flows and sounds is extravagant and fun. Anna is icon, legend, beautiful girl, princess, inspiration, a star. I could go on and on, understand this. I love NBA Anna.#垃圾

[@judycroteau482]

@@Julia-uh4li 1400 ml = 47.34 fluid ounces or 5.92 cups 1,000 ml (millilitres) = 1 litre or 33.81 fluid ounces

[@BackBencher029]

Can we just apperciate him for his best efforts of making good content for us👌

[@ANewTimeline]

Oh my god, they hearted a bot's comment

[@karinmagnusongheddar6476]

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[@ikalramag1878]

𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐥𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫 ❶❽ 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐨𝐥𝐝 *nude-datting.online* exclusive He's the person I love, he's my light day. The way the music flows and sounds is extravagant and fun. Anna is icon, legend, beautiful girl, princess, inspiration, a star. I could go on and on, understand this. I love NBA Anna.#垃圾

[@rnsteve2265]

@@ANewTimeline How do u know it's a bot

[@ANewTimeline]

@@rnsteve2265 pretty easy, this channel has a very big history of re-seling and identity switching in wayback machine, if you look just a bit in the comment section you can find a very similar comment with only some subtle changes, there's an entire video in Timeworks regarding this entire situation, and it has way more information than the amount I just gave you

[@tedmihalca]

As someone that chose to not take full advantage of my anatomy class in high school I want to thank you for teaching me something new! Never too late to learn! You guys put out amazing content!

[@jaybird1512]

I’ve had urinary incontinence and urinary retention since I was 3 (I’m 17 now). It was really bad up until I was around 14 because I genuinely had no control over my bladder. I was finally taken to a specialist and they asked about my drinking habits. I rarely drank water, I only drank fizzy drinks and tea. They basically said that I had to drink nothing but water for a whole year and they gave me a hormonal dissolving tablet which stopped my bladder from working at night. After this, it got a lot better and I could hold my bladder for a lot longer. Accidents became very rare but they still happened. Today, I had an accident at school and I felt so horrible but then this popped up in my recommended and I love learning more about my body and how it works. I plan to start LAS training (London Ambulance Service) when I’m 18! ^^ Edit: The reason why I rarely drank water is because my mum only gave me Coca Cola from a really young age and nothing else. She was also emotionally abusive and didn’t guide me or teach me basic stuff n hygiene :/

[@L_Maris]

What caused you to have urinary incontinence at such a young age, if it’s okay to ask? Why are the fizzy drinks worse for incontinence and retention?

[@user-dc6yt4yz1e]

Can I contact you, please?

[@jaybird1512]

@@L_Maris I’ve never been told why I had urinary retention and incontinence from a really young age. Fizzy drinks and tea contain caffeine which can irritate the bladder which makes both urinary retention and incontinence worse, hope that helps :))

[@NateB]

Sugar and simple carbs will fuck up your microbiome, too.

[@jennyrealight1860]

Don't worry. Everything will come together and this will be a thing of the past. Thankfully, you are very young and the best part is that you are very eager to learn. I wish you luck with your LAS. It's already been a year, so hopefully you've already started since you're 18 now or quite close to it. Many blessings to you.

[@IWishIDidntExist2333]

Im not going to be a doctor or something like that, but I still enjoy these vids so much

[@seanrallis6714]

Most everyone agrees that an essential part of owning a piece of equipment, such as a tool or a vehicle, is having knowledge as to how that piece of equipment works. A driver that doesn't understand how an internal combustion engine works, or how a transmission works, is a more dangerous driver than one who does. The same principle applies to the body. Knowledge of how it works is essential.

[@erictaylor5462]

When I was a kid I was walking with a friend near some railroad tracks. He found a coke bottle about 2/3 full of a pale yellow liquid. He told me that it was what happened to Coke when it was left in the sun too long. Of course I knew better, and I was sorely tempted to see if I could get him to try some, but in the end I decided not to. I told him "No, that's what happened when you pass Coke through human kidneys." He got this confused look on his face so I explained further that those train engineers are not allowed to leave their post unless relived. Drinking a bottle of Coke creates a need for relief but it also creates a handy empty container you can pee in. He got this really horrified expression on his face and threw the bottle away saying, "I'm going to kill my brother!". In retrospect I'm glad I didn't try to get him to try it, because it was his older brother who told him about the sun bleached Coke thing, and his brother had already gotten him to try it, so he already knew it tasted horrible. Don't ever drink Coke after it's gone through some kidneys. It tastes just like piss.

[@sillau9]

Lol..neat story

[@lenorapalminteri1002]

After reading this, I'm on the verge of wanting to barf! Even if it was coke in that bottle that lightened in the sun, I still would have had no desire to taste it, after it laid on the ground for God knows how long! Yuck!

[@johnryan6658]

You guys might be interested in my brief story. I have chronic UTIs, and I went to the ER on Saturday with a kidney infection. They ended up doing a CT scan. They found 2 smaller than 1 mm stones in my right kidney. But, the interesting thing they found was that my bladder had grown a second pouch that was filled with urine and "innumerable stones." On the scan, it looked like I had two equal size bladders side by side. They catheterized me and ended up pulling out 3,200 ml of urine. I literally became a thinner man. I remain catheterized until my surgery to remove that pouch. Think of this, and then enjoy your day.

[@ebebebeb7283]

What? Why would it grow a pouch? Hope all goes well

[@johnryan6658]

@@ebebebeb7283 urine retention. The bladder being constantly stretched from the retention can damage the bladder. Word to the wise, if you have to pee, don't hold it, just go and pee. I was just informed today that because the pouch is near some important blood vessels, the surgery is risky. The doctor wants to wait at least a couple months to determine if I might just be able to live with the pouch. But, if it doesn't work out, it's got to come out. We will see.

[@zeldaron1]

@@johnryan6658 From a medical point of view very interesting- let us know what happens. I hpoe all goes ok with you

[@tibo6749]

Keep us updated please, and also, I hope you'll be able to live a life as healthy as possible. I have UTIs all the time as well and kidney pain and stones have become an everyday norm for me, but being quite young still (20 years old) a lot of doctors don't feel the need to look much into my issues. So I guess I just might share a similar fate in my older ages lol

[@peachxtaehyung]

Oh wow that's crazy!!! I hope your surgery goes well!!

[@arghpee]

This interests me because I have abused the drug Ketamine, which has damaged my bladder, and it's amazing to see how this organ works so I can respect it better. It started to burn when I peed, and there are stories of people getting their bladder removed because of Ketamine cystitis. I had horrible cramps in my abdominal area for weeks after abusing the drug, and I do not recommend anyone fall down the same hole I did. Thank you for listening.

[@masterimbecile]

Bodily functions. We don’t appreciate them until we close them, right?

[@spiritmatter1553]

I had no idea of this side effect! I’m sorry for your injury and wish you well in your recovery.

[@cutratecontractor1000]

Thank you

[@purpleguyfromfortnite2971]

Is Mr Krabs your dealer

[@mybigyear]

I didn't listen I read

[@bluecrownvic]

7:56 Why not say "Urine charge of that external urethral sphincter."? I mean, the joke was right there!

[@theanatomylab]

Despite being a father, I never was given the Dad-joke ability... it saddens me to this day...

[@mariakerberus1017]

"I aggressively peed my pants. 🙃" lmao omfg I LOVE this dude 😂🤣💀 it's the little things like this that are, in part, why this is legit one of my top 3 favorite YT channels ❤️

[@AugustAdvice]

I once held my bladder for so long when I felt like it was already about to burst, that when I finally was able to go to the bathroom HOURS later, I couldn't. It was scary. I sat there for so long trying to release my bladder and it barely let any out. I never did that again.

[@neneb5232]

I did the same thing holding my bladder for a 45 min road trip and when I finally did go I peed a little blood! I was scared out of my damn mind! I never did that again and my pee is just fine now. Lesson learned for me. I'm glad you're okay as well!! God bless.

[@thelonelywolf88]

I've held a full bladder for 3 hours and that was painful

[@gsmith6026]

If I hold it for too long, I feel sick.

[@lexwithbub]

There's a story on Chubby Emu's channel, which mentions about a guy accidentally deactivating the micturition reflex. Can't remember the exact topic though.

[@prezidenttrump5171]

August... we're like blood brothers man. I have the exact same story. Boy, so glad to have someone else have the same. SCARY AS HELL!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@jeremymurphy7320]

I've been dealing with a urinary structure for probably 35 years by now. When I was maybe 20, any and all flow just STOPPED one day and I couldn't push anything out. I got an emergency visit scheduled with a urologist who had to use the good ol' tortue device called a metal sound. Imagine my horror when he layed severalof these things out on a tray with some numbing gel which didn't work, BTW. He passed a sizeable sound and then a fairly rigid Foley to drain my bladder. He was able to catch 1000cc of urine and that's no joke or exaggeration nor does it account for whatever he missed. I've never had it that bad since then but I have had stoppages. Surgery at some point to repair the urethra permanently but I'm in no hurry to get that done.

[@JustAnotherBuckyLover]

Jesus, I can't believe he would do that without proper anaesthesia... and a rigid foley too. 😖 I had maybe 5 or 6 urethral dilatations done about ten years after yours (supposedly to help interstitial cystitis, not a stricture) and I was in pain for days afterwards, and mine were done under general anaesthetic (because they were also doing a cystoscopy and hydrodistension of the bladder). Acute retention is the worst, though. The largest amount I heard of acutely was about 2 litres but I know with chronic retention the bladder can swell to huge sizes (think, full-term baby size holding several litres).

[@ikalramag1878]

𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐥𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫 ❶❽ 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐨𝐥𝐝 *nude-datting.online* exclusive He's the person I love, he's my light day. The way the music flows and sounds is extravagant and fun. Anna is icon, legend, beautiful girl, princess, inspiration, a star. I could go on and on, understand this. I love NBA Anna.#垃圾

[@tim-tim-timmy6571]

I once had to get an ultrasound scanning of the bladder. The doctor mentioned I should drink 1.5 L or water one hour before. He was one and half hour late. The pain was unbearable but to this day, 24 years later, I remember the releave when I went to pee afterward.

[@SilverHawk214]

I was also told to drink 1.5 L of water one hour before, my doc was 30 minutes late and I was having a really hard time sitting still. Can't imagine waiting another hour.

[@warriormaiden9829]

Lol, now imagine something similar while pregnant. They told me to drink lots of water before coming in, so I did. Got there, and baby took offence to my bladder intruding on his space. I told them to do the ultrasound now, or reschedule, 'cause I was using the bathroom in 5 minutes, done with the ultrasound or not. Never seen an office scramble that fast to get someone back. XD

[@spiritmatter1553]

Similarly, I had to drink, and then hold, an unnatural quantity of water before having a pelvic ultrasound once. I was so angry from having to hold it in… and gained a thorough understanding of the origin of the phrase, " pissed off"! 😡

[@shycat5905]

Oh yes, ive had a bladder/pelvic ultrasound with a FULL bladder. Then i had to lie down for the exam. Then something occurred where they had to do over and meanwhile I needed to GOOO so badly.

[@emmyreams]

​@@shycat5905they told me was too full and told me to half empty. Impossible lol

[@PeterPauls]

I am 17 years on dialysis (I have no kidneys) I am waiting for a bean shaped organ for a long time now. I didn't pee about 12 years now. Very interesting to see these kind of videos with my problems. Though I overall love this channel.

[@kendebusk2540]

A fecal impaction pressed against my urethra several years ago, so I could not do #1 or #2. Pain increased to the point where I had to get to the ER. They gave me an enema and inserted a catheter. You mentioned the 1 liter limit. They took out that much, then stopped to prevent spasms, and did tell me that I would have exploded internally if I had let it go much longer. Later, they let out the rest. After the enema worked, everything was back to normal. I've had people tell me to my face that I was lying, that feces could not cause a closure of the urethra. On the contrary, when I explain that the urethra goes through the prostate, and doctors routinely examine the prostate with a finger inserted where the sun doesn't shine, then they seem to understand that it's all very close together inside. I will advise everyone to eat lots of fiber so that doesn't happen to them!

[@bluebree]

I believe you. It's happened to me too. I have IBS and suffer a lot of constipation as well due to meds I take and I got severely constipated and just stopped peeing. I'd get the urge to go and get like maybe a drop or two out but the flow wouldn't start and it became quite painful. I know it's different for men and women though.

[@sagittariusque8932]

The closer you get to the bathroom, the harder it seems to be able to hold it in

[@JustAnotherBuckyLover]

Yus. Urgency FTL.

[@PotatoToon]

Questions that everyone asks and needed to be answered. This is one of them, keep it up!

[@animespectra3791]

Your channel is gold. I always wanted to know the answer to this from an actual medical practitioner. Lots of love. Keep the videos coming and keep spreading knowledge and awareness ❤️

[@birdlady2725]

I worked 3 jobs who did not allow me to use facilites when needed. One was driving a shuttle bus at ski area. During xmas busy week, I had been driving at least 7 hours straight with no break and i really had to go. My manager told me i had to wait. I was in pain, and going over bumps made it worse. Other job denied (yet upon being hired, i explained i had neuropathy and autonomic dysreflexia, not sure which caused loss of bladder sensation, but could only sense when i was over full, and emergent need to go). Humiliating and embarrssing for me.

[@stevencheek2767]

As always, amazing video! Very glad that I have found this channel. I worked in EMS for 7 years. Though I feel as if my understanding of the human body is decent, your videos take me to a new level that I would have never reached without them. Thanks!

[@sharonpersley9245]

I love it. Just had my bladder taped. So it helped me figure out what exactly they taped. I have an excellent atlas of the body (cadavers use to show most parts). Thank you for what you do! Love it.

[@mukeshsharma-hz2lz]

Very wonderfully explained by you !!! All doubts clear now. It helps me a lot during my medical preparations. Feel relaxed and excited to saw your informative videos sir!! Very great....hats off 👏👏👏

[@mitsunori222000]

Thanks for hooking my fresher students on Biology. Me too, after the first videos. The diagrams are very clear and helpful.

[@denisejames855]

As a bladder cancer patient I have undergone many flexible cystoscopies for checking and rigid cystoscopies for tumour removal with a laser. One such removal led to my bladder being breached, I woke up hours later than expected with extra tubes etc and very confused. The repair had to be done via my hysterectomy removal scar, into the bladder and repair the back wall then back out with two more repairs. Luckily I had no other issues other than wearing a catheter for two weeks, which I had done on other occasions after removal of large tumours. I do not have the same control as previous to these cystoscopies, so I am always aware of how my bladder feels!

[@irene8830]

Excellent videos! Love your channel. Thank you for sharing your knowledge. In the future, would you consider doing a talk on how dementia changes the brain and how the disease progresses please.

[@ritwikmondal4024]

Amazing content as always ! ❤🔥

[@nursejean7331]

I love this show. I’m always looking forward for their new upload video. Thank you Justin👍👍

[@saraellwood630]

I love watching all of your videos, and being able to point out the names of things before you say them! I'm learning! 😄

[@edjohn4590]

I remember being stuck in traffic years ago with the biggest pee I’ve ever experienced… it was so bad I wanted to cry!😆 I eventually pulled over an just let rip there on the side of the rode… felt so embarrassed but was better then peeing in my car 😄

[@frankuduma5264]

How long did you pee for?

[@pamelaflirtyskunk7698]

Definitely worth a bit of humiliation over rupture or even a UTI. Those are not fun! Thank you to both of you for making this not only informative but fun. I want to continue to learn and I've watched many channels. I'm staying with this one because you can shared the info without being do dry about everything. Great work!

[@corroded_platinum]

Nice video guys, love it, you guys need so much more recognition.

[@karthickraja2436]

Thanks for the valuable information team 👍🏻

[@ImmortalChanger]

I study this stuff at school too, but I never have an idea of what I'm talking about because my books are terrible and it's not really easy to explain it with voice. I always end up learning those things here.

[@Rakadeja]

Good to hear that it's really unlikely for my bladder to burst, I had a first hand experience with my grandma and her distended bladder that probably really set it in stone for me. My grandma left the ER refusing to get her distended bladder emptied with a catheter. It frightened her enough for her to tell herself that she could pee it all out if she tried hard enough. This went on with a home-hospice esque situation for a week or two until her body finally let her know that it's time to try the 'last resort.' I'd never heard someone scream so loudly, so honestly when I rushed up to her house to accompany the ambulance. She had nearly 3900ml of urine in her bladder! Somehow, it didn't explode, but she certainly was in a hell of a lot of pain! Her CT scan showed just how massive it was - she'd lost feeling and function down her legs and was experiencing constant pain from the pelvic region in one way or another. Afterwards, she had days and days of extra love and her favorite chocolates - enjoying real meals as well for the first time in years. It may very well have a sign of her organs failing and shutting down with how far along her condition was - but she peacefully passed away of stage 4 cancer mid-December 2021. RIP Meme, a lesson learned far too late helped me to be motivated enough to actually do something about my own stenosis and sciatica jamming signals to my own lower half.

[@squidy9078]

I think you meant to put "Rip Mama" not "Rip Meme"

[@Rakadeja]

@@squidy9078 Nahh, her nickname was Meme - circa my first word. Pronounced 'mee-mee!'

[@zynouger3094]

@@Rakadeja hold up. This deserves a seal of approval. This person is so real, like this sht was adorable

[@robertschlesinger1342]

Excellent video. Very interesting, informative and worthwhile video.

[@dorasilva7078]

Thank you so much for this video, I’ve watched and learned so much from your videos, love your channel❤❤❤❤

[@mischievousx3]

your videos are so helpful! can you do a video on septic shock/sepsis? thank you!

[@ieatfood891]

The content here is super educative and interesting. I showed this to my classmates and they just threw up.

[@Hair8Metal8Karen]

I love this channel! It's great how fun you make this information

[@loriw2661]

Super interesting, thank you! I love these videos on anatomy and physiology!

[@sagittariusque8932]

I learned a lot more important things watching KZbin videos than I was taught in school

[@12thDecember]

I'd like to know why I don't have to pee at night until I'm finally comfortable in bed. And then I argue with myself about whether I should get up and go to the bathroom or not. Of course, I always have to get up. ☹️

[@mizanimowatt1578]

Same

[@darrenjones3181]

Yes m8 when your dead comfy half asleep in bed and you need 2 pee and you allways need 2 zombie yourself 2 the toilet

[@valjean2036]

😂 yes

[@maryfrushon5702]

Same thing for me ever night

[@Cornz38]

I was given a bladder the size of a space hopper! Definate winner in my book on long journeys.

[@BenjieKabakoff]

Your explanations are extremely interesting & informative! I really appreciate your presentations.

[@chelin7023]

Justin, thank you for making me love my body in more ways I knew I could 😄 This is another lecture showing how incredibly amazing our body is and function.

[@JustAnotherBuckyLover]

So why does a UTI or IC or other forms of bladder inflammation cause the need to pee more often and more urgently, even when the bladder is pretty much empty? It can't be from the stretching - does the inflammation irritate those stretch receptors somehow? It makes sense that the bladder and/or urethra would feel stinging/burning, or that there might be pelvic pain that radiates into the back etc. Because from my experience, the sensation of having to pee from a UTI or IC is very different from the feeling of actually having a full bladder... and ironically, the former is far harder to control than the latter too. The bladder spasms can be so powerful that I've been stuck in the bathroom for hours at a time because even a few drops is enough to cause my bladder to spasm. If I had to guess, I'd say either the sensation of irritation etc is confusing the brain, or that there's physically some irritation of the detrusor muscle which causes it to contract more easily and/or more forcefully (or both). It'd make sense considering one of the many medications I was given was Detrusitol (which works to counter bladder spasms). I can see an evolutionary benefit for it, I suppose - if you're peeing more often, hopefully you're getting rid of whatever is causing the irritation more often, making it harder for infecting organisms to hang around in there... but goddammit, IC is miserable.

[@NiceMuslimLady]

One of my cats, Mr Blacky, wasn't able to urinate. He would sit down like he was trying to, but couldn't get anything out. He had struvite crystals and these crystals prevented him from being able to urinate, even tho he really NEEDED to. Luckily, in Mr Blacky's case, I noticed that something was obviously VERY wrong, so $2500 later and a trip to the Emergency vet and a few days in the pet hospital, I am happy to say, as Dr Bernard (the Dr House of KZbin) would say "Mr Blacky made a full recovery". He is still here and happily playing, and still hopping up on my bed to sleep with me sometimes. He has also, since hiss hospital visit, made friends with Miss Spots and (he's fixed, she is not fixed yet, but the plan is to fix her soon) they just LOVE to hang out together.

[@AntonioClaudioMichael]

I subscribed a few days ago been enjoying the videos have watched over 40 in last couple days super informative and entertaining

[@davidg5898]

Having a history of kidney stones, I've become a lot more aware of my urinary system and it's functions and dysfunctions. I was kind of hoping you'd also address bladder obstructions and/or trabeculation in this video.

[@MrMetalbandit]

I think they have a dedicated Kidney stone video

[@davidg5898]

@@MrMetalbandit They do. But the specific things I mentioned aren't exclusive to kidney stones. Stones are sometimes a contributing factor to them, but they're separate issues better addressed in a general discussion, like this video, about the bladder and things that can cause the bladder to overfill/distend or lose elasticity.

[@hazelnuteyes]

same. had ny first uti last year. it was the scariest thing ever….but my symptoms are different. up until today, i cant really feel my bladder…i really dont know whats going on down there. maybe if i have extra money i’d go to a urologist

[@GaryLiseo]

As a teacher who drinks a lot of water this was interesting. We’ve all been in the position of holding pee for hours I was also surprised at how small the uterus was on the cadaver

[@scottshill1927]

Thank you so much for your videos. I'm a Tissue Donation Coordinator here in Utah and these have helped me so much in learning my job.

[@cherylmillard2067]

My father died from bladder cancer, it had slowly closed off his ureters, until we had to rush him to the hospital, he needed a nephrostomy, and short-term dialysis, later he had a foley catheter. It's a painful death after it metastasis and spreads to the spinal area. Please stop smoking and wear protective gloves if you handle old oil and automotive solvents or solvents in general, these were two causes of bladder cancer.

[@sagittariusque8932]

If I'm sleeping I'm holding it for as long as I can. I refuse to get out of bed, it may interrupt my sleep because I really have to go but I refuse to get out of bed 😂😂

[@dlbstl]

That's so weird I do the same thing. I thought I was the only one. Why do we do that? It keeps you awake because you have to pee but you refuse to get up. Then by the time you do you're so awake you can't go back to sleep. I still keep doing it and I don't know why.

[@universereverbz]

@@dlbstl I’ve held my pee in before when going to sleep many times. Sometimes, you just don’t want to get up and walk into the bathroom because your bed is so comfy and your ready for sleep. 😂

[@amy-leigh4962]

I get urinary reflux due to damage made from a stent after having really large kidney stones as a teenager. This video was super interesting!

[@ikalramag1878]

𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐥𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫 ❶❽ 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐨𝐥𝐝 *nude-datting.online* exclusive He's the person I love, he's my light day. The way the music flows and sounds is extravagant and fun. Anna is icon, legend, beautiful girl, princess, inspiration, a star. I could go on and on, understand this. I love NBA Anna.#垃圾

[@heavycake]

I have VUR, and I appreciated this video so much. Thank you.

[@kjvbiblestories5098]

Very clear and informative. Thank you for sharing.

[@alanahawthorne2053]

I love your videos even though not a medical student. The body is amazing. This video in particular, came at the right time for me. My Mum has stage 4 kidney disease and has to use a catheter. Just yesterday, the nurses unfortunately hurt her while attempting to change her catheter. She had blood coming through the catheter all day. I was worried they had pierced through her bladder, but after watching this video I know that didn't happen. Maybe scraping the muscle wall caused the bleeding. Thank you so much again for the great way you teach us.

[@spiritmatter1553]

Terribly sorry about your poor mother! God bless both of you!

[@killuajo]

Me who's holding my pee rn: 👁️👄👁️

[@theanatomylab]

The KZbin algorithm strikes again...

[@airfoxtrot2006]

Great video Justin this is the most informative channel ever.

[@joanhall1384]

I once had a patient that had urinary retention. He didn’t complain that he could not urinate. His BUN and creatinine was elevated showing AKI. I could tell without even placing my transducer down he had too much urine in his bladder. He had hydronephrosis and a huge bladder to go along with it. I measured it at 2,700 cc’s. He had over 3000 cc’s of urine when they put the Foley catheter in. I was really happy I didn’t wait to do his ultrasound. I actually followed him from the ER to his inpatient room. I have not seen a bladder that full again since. Thank you for the great videos. I wish that I could teach what I have learned as an ultrasound tech. I’ve spent many years looking at imaging.

[@MamaBear_2629]

As a pregnant woman I feel this in my entire soul 😂 I was so tired one day at 32 weeks and I had the best 12hr sleep of my entire life but woke up with instant fear because I NEEDED to pee. Yeah…well let’s just say I didn’t make it to the bathroom that day! Let’s be honest.. I didn’t even make it off the bed! Thank GOD for my common sense after my first pregnancy that I sleep with a like wee wee pad under me incase my water breaks in bed 😂 so thankfully my mattress was saved! However my ego was not 😂🤷🏼‍♀️

[@hkitty1685]

Can we also bring up the bladder issues that happen after pregnancy?! Ugh!!! I had an accident just today in my husband’s car 🤦🏼‍♀️ we had literally just pulled onto our street and were 4 houses away when it started to leak out all over! So frustrating!

[@leeena8732]

It's so satisfying watching what really happens instead of just learning whatever the books teach us blindly!! Thank you!

[@janinaleedelrio]

Great video as always!

[@stefanianaie4968]

Thank you for this amazing video. 🙏🏻👏🏻

[@corywalker2904]

Thank you for discussing and showing the peritoneal cavity. I have hydrocephalus, and was implanted with a ventriculo-peritoneal shunt, when I was 2 years old. I always knew that the cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF) was not secreted into the bladder, but I did wonder what kept that from happening. After watching this video, I now understand.

[@amplemedicallectures]

Subscribe this channel for Latest Medical Lectures.

[@bun04y]

several years ago I took my daughter to see Body Works (I think it was called...it was one of the two traveling exhibits of plasticized bodies). We were both upset to see how much larger the male bladder is compared to the female bladder.

[@user-bw3fl7fj9w]

I enjoy your videos....your explanations are great for most to understand completely.

[@teresatruman2976]

Your videos are awesome! I love how you keep the humanity when it could be so scientific, and boring. Thank you!

[@professionalcommenter]

I had severe stage 4 endometriosis. I had a hysterectomy and had extensive endometrial tissue that was outside the uterus removed. Could remaining tissue cause bladder control problems?

[@JaneDoeowo]

More likely to be related to pelvic floor dysfunction imo. Endometriosis of any stage will cause issues but you've had a hysterectomy, n you're probably gonna want to work on some strengthening. Those muscles can get lots of problems. Pelvic floor pt can do wonders! Bladder control problems are really common in women. Surgery can cause nerve n muscle problems. Bladder is sensitive. Pretty crazy what a few sessions w a specialized pelvic physical therapist can do

[@thelonelyassassin8584]

This could be something to talk to your doctor about

[@apurvaaryan8941]

Also, can you damage your eye by exerting quite a bit of force.

[@virginiamorales1591]

I love how you explained the urination process. It was so interesting. Our body is so mysterious yet so interesting. I love it.

[@RideTheTrack]

I had a bit of a medical scare recently (urinary flow issues, doctor was worried it was a stricture and went through a CT scan and very very uncomfortable uroscope) but thankfully they found everything fine. He thinks there might be impingement on my urethra from somewhere outside it like my prostate or some other organ being shifted (if i understand what he told me correctly). I am seeing him again next month to possibly look at medication to solve this issue. I just want to say that as a person encountering these issues in my personal life, I found your video SUPER enlightening and useful so thank you!!

[@cioiantavi5834]

Because I used to hold my pee every day, my urethra formed a stricture and i actually ended up with kidney failure at the age of 18. Currently on kidney transplant at the age of 20. Don't hold your pee boys!

[@seebunlim]

So Sorry to hear that

[@Dimension640]

"Picture the steering wheel hitting your pelvis..." No thank you, I really don't want to picture that. Also, I have to pee now

[@alisasali3064]

Thanks for every video. ❤

[@robynj.3083]

Always something interesting from you guys.

[@OTGamer95]

Quick question: could a bladder rupture due to a nerve impairment preventing signals going to or from the smooth muscle of the bladder? Perhaps due to a SCI?

[@theanatomylab]

Yep! In preparing for this video, I came across a case study of a male that had a stricture of his urethra (caused by nerve impairment from an injury), and it caused his external urethral sphincter to stay shut. His bladder ruptured as a result.

[@OTGamer95]

@@theanatomylab thanks. That’s interesting. I’m in OTA school and just finished a class on neurological issues, so that crossed my mind while I was watching this.

[@spiritmatter1553]

@@OTGamer95 Your name, in conjunction with the subject matter… just sayin', Mr. "Sprinkle."

[@OTGamer95]

@@spiritmatter1553 😂 I didn’t even think of that lol

[@hazelnuteyes]

@@OTGamer95 hi, is it possible to have partial neurological damage that results of a nerve between the bladder and the brain to stop working , particularly at the right side of the body? i had a uti last year and since then i can only feel the sensation of full bladder on the left side of my bladder…it feels abnormal bc usually i feel it in the centre but it has not felt normal ever since i had a uti :( this may be a tmi but even arousal can only be felt at the left side. the right side is zero to little sensation :/

[@51hankyspanky7]

I had to have surgery due something called a fistula. This was explained to me as a communication between the bladder and the large intestine. Next time you are doing a video in that region, could you explain what you know about this? Thank you and love your videos.

[@L_Maris]

You’ve probably already seen it by now, but they made a video about fistulas a few days ago! kzbin.info/www/bejne/kHywc4qFd8esrdU

[@uptone12111]

Great explanation.Thank you !

[@aussietaipan8700]

Geez, I am hooked (liked and subscibed) to this channel. I've shown this to other people and they also love it.

[@debrabaker1009]

Perfect timing for this video my husband lost bladder function I am assuming due to that muscle structure that contracts the bladder. This was found by accident when he had an MRI for a different reason they immediately saw his bladder, the size of an almost Full-term pregnancy according to the urologist and what I saw on ultrasound. He just had a test, it was cool, to watch the doctor explained it to me, he has no ability to pee His bladder muscle will not contract so he is faced with self catheterization for the rest of his life now. He took it really well he’s been catheterizing for a couple months now so he knows what’s going on. But my point here I guess is to let you know when they drained his almost term pregnancy size uterus bladder they drained 4 liters, can you believe that? anyway thank you for this video the timing is perfect.

[@JustAnotherBuckyLover]

Wow, that's right up there. I've seen some amazing MRIs of people with long-term chronic retention that end up with bladders holding 3+ litres but it still blows my mind. The problem is the brain and the bladder aren't talking properly. It sounds like either his detrusor muscle isn't getting the signal to contract, or the stretch receptors aren't able to get the signal up to the brain, and/or the internal sphincter isn't getting commands to open. It depends on the kind of injury. I'm guessing he has some spinal issues?

[@ikalramag1878]

𝐒𝐩𝐞𝐜𝐢𝐚𝐥 𝐥𝐨𝐯𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐨𝐯𝐞𝐫 ❶❽ 𝐲𝐞𝐚𝐫𝐬 𝐨𝐥𝐝 *nude-datting.online* exclusive He's the person I love, he's my light day. The way the music flows and sounds is extravagant and fun. Anna is icon, legend, beautiful girl, princess, inspiration, a star. I could go on and on, understand this. I love NBA Anna.#垃圾

[@judycroteau482]

Wow! 😳

[@hazelnuteyes]

@@JustAnotherBuckyLover spinal issues? i’d be damned…i need to get an mri asap since im facing something similar 😭

[@hazelnuteyes]

hi, may i know the symptoms your husband had? is unable to pee due to no signal between the bladder and brain are one of them? bc i had a uti last year, and uti did me real bad. up until today, i can feel the sensation of pee at my left side of the bladder and only a bit…it feels abnormal…usually i feel sensations in the middle…but now its really different and its scaring me. even getting the pleasure of arousal can only be felt at the left side not the right side but my doctors told me im overthinking but the things is ive been feeling like this for almost a year now 😩 i have no answers and mri might be the best answer

[@hongkongfueynz3071]

Just remember the older you get, the harder it gets to hold it in… lol. I’m 42 and it’s bad enough, I’d hate to think what it will be like in another 20 years 😬

[@paulsanderson8804]

It is not good I assure you

[@eliassanchez420wakenbake]

I’m 20. I feel like it’s already quite a bit weaker

[@njmccormackgmail]

Exarcise helps.

[@paulsanderson8804]

@@njmccormackgmail and pelvic muscles exercises

[@vostaserova3610]

I Love these videos! Keep up guys 👍

[@jamesdaley1852]

excellent stuff mate

[@Xiangling.24]

Me whose not peeing at night cuz im too scared to run in the 15 meter long dark hallway : *Dead*

[@AA-vb2ci]

i dont know if someone else experiences the same but mostly when i see water or other liquids i suddenly "remember" to pee. if I'd go to the washroom to wash my hands, for example, I'd suddenly have an urge to pee (the urge wouldnt be there before). then soon after i stop seeing water the urge would go away. I'm not sure if this is normal or just me. love your videos btw

[@JustAnotherBuckyLover]

Yeah that's normal. Running water especially does it, even just the sound, and when you have to pee, seeing the toilet can make it suddenly a hundred times worse. LOL

[@ssholum]

I don't experience that with just running water, but it happens basically every time I brush my teeth, even if I just peed. Weird stuff.

[@joebarmann]

For me, walking the dog so he can do his business, that could be a problem for me if I have to go, too.

[@jelatinosa]

Every time I'm washing the dishes, I get the urge to pee

[@AJAYKUMAR-zu5ix]

Exactly at right time the video comes.

[@sprouts8132]

All your videos are very informative and love them. Can you do a segment on imbalance vertigo? Thank you.

[@d.e.s4432]

I knew someone who couldn't pee because of extreme constipation. Anything that blocks anything up down there can cause you to not be able to pee and then the problems occur. Does anyone know why sometimes if you drink a lot of liquid at once you'll need to pee, and then maybe need to pee again shortly thereafter? I don't know if it's incomplete voiding or if the kidneys are just working overtime if you drink too much water at once?

[@YEARNINGHEARTGuitargirl226]

This was very informative. I've been thinking about this recently. I do have some questions. I hope you have time to answer. 1. an elderly gentleman that didn't want to stop at a rest area, held his urine for several hours after knowing he should urinate. By the time he was home, his bladder "froze". At the time I actually thought he meant due to our cold weather, but he literally could not urinate. He had to go to the hospital 2. 7 year old girl urinates wherever she is sitting. Parents suspect she is just lazy, won't go to the bathroom, but could there be an issue physically? 3. Does age weaken the bladder which could cause a rupture even without any previous injury?

[@emperortgp2424]

1 might be a case of benign prostatic hypertrophy, where the prostate gland which is wrapped around the beginning parts of the urethra enlarges and obstructs urine flow. It's pretty common in older men.

[@JustAnotherBuckyLover]

1) anyone can experience that yes. Usually it doesn't cause full-on retention, but it can happen, especially if he had prostate issues prior to that, then this might have pushed him from being in chronic retention to acute complete retention. 2) Why would they assume she's lazy rather than actually take her to the doctor to have tests done? Of course there's a potential for physical issues, an otherwise healthy seven year old usually wouldn't be wetting themselves regularly. Occasionally, sure. Kids get easily distracted sometimes. It's no big deal, but if she's doing it regularly, then that's a whole different issue. Here are a bunch of things that you (and that child's parents) should be asking: Is she getting distracted and not realising until it's too late and she's already peeing? Could be ADHD. Does she not feel the urge to go until it's unbearable? Urgency is a thing with many causes; Does she have an infection that could be causing urgency and frequency that is often uncontrollable even for adults? Does she have some physical abnormality of the urinary tract that causes leaking regardless of her attempts at bladder control? Is she even aware that she's leaking/peeing? Does she have any recognition of having a full bladder? Does she ever show signs of deliberately holding (grabbing herself, squirming, potty dance, etc)? Does it happen only during the day or at night too? Has she ever been reliably dry, and if so, when did it change? If not, then why hasn't she been assessed thoroughly? Does she ever NOT do it? Is it every time her bladder is full or just occasionally? Is she drinking enough? Cutting down fluids is the worst thing you can do because concentrated urine is irritating and will cause more urgency and frequency. Is she holding because she has some kind of fear or issue with the toilet? Does she have pain when she goes so she avoids it? Has she been checked for either a UTI or some other infection (like a yeast infection or irritation from some kind of washing/laundry product)? Is she also having bowel issues? Chronic constipation often goes without notice in kids, especially slightly older ones, and even by medical doctors, and faecal loading/impaction can cause concurrent problems with bladder continence too. Does she have other issues like an intellectual disability or autism? While autism doesn't cause mental disability, it can screw around with interoception, anxiety, food issues can lead to severe constipation and faecal loading etc as well as sensory overload making it hard to process the signals from your own body in all of the noise. These are just for starters. Depending on the answer, it depends on the response. I can pretty much guarantee that she's not just "being lazy" though. That is almost never the case and if it IS by choice, then she needs psychological therapy to find out why because sometimes things like abuse (including CSA) can cause wetting/bedwetting. 3) No, not really. It can slow your movements, and mobility issues can cause continence issues, and if someone has a prostate, that can potentially cause issues that might cause retention, and that can end up potentially leading to issues. I suppose as you age, your risk of bladder cancer also increases, so there's that too, but no, your bladder doesn't weaken as you get older making it more likely to burst.

[@YEARNINGHEARTGuitargirl226]

@@emperortgp2424 Thank you for your reply. That sounds logical.

[@YEARNINGHEARTGuitargirl226]

@@JustAnotherBuckyLover Thank you so much for your informative feedback. I will pass these questions, comments onto the parents. I do not know any of the answers. Very helpful

[@clovergreen9959]

The things not mentioned in reference to the young lady are, bubble bath products and bath powders. Or, food allergies. Especially dairy products. If it is not a specific food, it could be a food additive or a food preservative. Or, it may be that she has a gynaecological issue, especially if she had been on antibiotics for some reason. Another possibility is parasites. Parasites can be either plant ( like fungus) or animal (like worms). Laziness is about the last thing in the known universe that it's likely to be. Send our best regards to the young lady. We wish her well.

[@dolomedestenebrosus9564]

So interesting as always. Thanks

[@cristinatudoran1096]

Thanks! I enjoyed this Video 😊