The Cartwheel Galaxy | Space is Weird

[@veqv]

Smethurst's Law (or Smethurst's rule of astronomical discussions): "As an astronomical or cosmological discussion grows longer, the probability of fixating on black holes approaches 1"

[@MrPostm]

This is a fine law to live by, if you ask me! I find it to be true in many of my astronomical conversations as well.

[@DrBecky]

😂 I love this! And I’ve always wanted a named rule

[@TheBasqueWasp]

@Idiot Online Wondering Aloud 6:41. Written accretion spotted... Ladies and Gentlemen, take your shots!

[@JimWarp93]

Well, aren't Black Holes at the center of everything anyway ?

[@vincentpelletier57]

"Smethurst's rule of astronomical discussions", that's "SRAD"! (Or S'rad, to make it more rad?)

[@joethemariner]

I have never thought about what LIGO is sensitive to. That would make for an interesting video Dr. Becky.

[@Attlanttizz]

+1

[@Urroner]

Ditto

[@WhiteCollarCrimeDNB]

Ligo is sensitive to comments about its size. Please refrain from making smart comments about kilometers in its presence.

[@Attlanttizz]

@@WhiteCollarCrimeDNB =D

[@aaronmicalowe]

And I bet there isn't a video on it already so would be a valuable addition to the subject.

[@pafnutiytheartist]

LIGO is very fascinating, so yes, please do a video (or ten) on it.

[@michaelworkman4057]

Nobody's going to mention how great that photo of Fritz Zwicky was?

[@ronaldderooij1774]

Zwicky was underrated, both as a theorist and an observer. That was because he had a very, very bad mood all the time and hated to communicate with people. He was the opposite in character of Dr. Becky. But his scientific work was excellent. But because of his character, his colleagues did not really apreciate his work.

[@petercarlson811]

@@ronaldderooij1774 And he coined the term the "big bang" in a radio show, if I remember correctly. He was a firm believer in the static universe model.

[@CheshireTomcat68]

Or Frtiz, as his friends call him ;-)

[@mitseraffej5812]

Ronald de Rooij . I understand Fritz Zwicky was the first to raise questions on how observed galaxies can spin so fast and not fly apart, postulating what is now referred to dark matter. No one took his ideas seriously until the 1970s.

[@vanessacherche6393]

@@petercarlson811 I believe it was Fred Hoyle that did that, remembered it from a documentary and just double checked on google...

[@mcnultyssobercompanion6372]

Of all my friends I'm the only astronomy-nerd. I believe part of the reason I like Dr. Becky-vids is they're like intermittent conversations I can (sort of) have with a surrogate astronomy pal. An astronomy pal who's incredibly more educated than me. Never a chore, doctor.

[@TraneFrancks]

"Let me know" ... Honestly, I'm perfectly happy to listen to you discuss literally anything about which you're passionate.

[@mcnultyssobercompanion6372]

Also, for what it's worth, my favorite galaxy is the Black Eye Galaxy. I'm fascinated by galaxy morphology (the computer simulation in this vid of the Cartwheel was pretty amazing), and the enormous, charcoal dust lanes of The Black Eye Galaxy create quite a distinct contrast against the light shining out from its core. You really get a sense of the depth and thickness of all the material cascading around. It looks, even sort of "feels", like something you could dive deep down into. I find it beautiful. I very much identify with what Dr. Becky says in this vid- I could stare at The Black Eye Galaxy all day.

[@ethanpoole3443]

There’s nothing wrong with being fascinated by black holes as they are pretty amazing. Besides, your fascination and love for astronomy and physics is an integral part of what makes you so enjoyable to watch - you really love your work and that enthusiasm is very attractive (and now we are circling back to black holes...). Don’t ever lose that love and fascination!

[@davidmccoy9021]

Yes, please. A video on LIGO would be fantastic. Thank you for sharing this information.

[@TheOicyu812]

This video needs to be updated now that the JWST has imaged its own version of the Cartwheel Galaxy.

[@annsidbrant7616]

Hi, Dr. Becky! As a long-time complete amateur, I love blue stars. You, the astronomer, are fascinated by black holes. The Cartwheel Galaxy has a lot to offer to both of us! :-D

[@denisdaly1708]

Lots of reading and prep gone into your videos. I appreciate this.

[@DrBecky]

Glad to hear it Denis 👍thanks for watching!

[@freddan6fly]

Love your videos Dr Becky, you are always so enthusiastic.

[@jonminer9891]

Hello Dr. Becky. Your analogy is faulty. A head-on event does not create the kind of shockwave that an impact crater reflects. The energy is attractive, whether by electrical or gravitic or both. The smaller object passes through the larger object causing the larger to collapse inward. The larger object passes through its own center and continues outward, having been concentrated and focused into a ring with far denser gaseous regions which are producing new stars as it travels away from the center. Just a guess of course.

[@sagethephoenix7494]

Love you Becky, I can't help but talk about black holes too if they come up in conversation, they're so amazing and so weird!

[@patrikhjorth3291]

In a way, everything revolves around black holes.

[@jscarborough9928]

Questions regarding the merger of black holes: 1. Do the two stop orbiting and fall towards each other when their event horizons touch, or when the overlap is big enough for the one of the black holes to fall within the event horizon of the other? 2. If the latter, what is the physics of the space inside the overlap? 3. Do the event horizons have "tides?" (Does the presence of another black hole distort spacetime, resulting in a non-spherical event horizon?)

[@Darthaisplayground]

One dislike on the video is from the poor old Penguin Galaxy

[@danbhakta]

Wasn't me, though I wouldn't mind a galaxy full of penguins. ;)

[@robertburdoff1789]

I did like the video - but was just being a clown with my comment :)

[@krrobinson1260]

Thank you Dr Becky for your insight into the cartwheel galaxy!! I found it very interesting and very timely. Astrophysics is such a dynamic field of study, it's only by programs like yours the ordinary person can get a sense of understanding for current studies. Besides that, you are fun to watch and I get a kick of your song references. Thanks again, your friend in New Mexico, Kim.

[@wardsr]

I agree with Joseph below. Thanks for making the field fun to listen to!

[@MatthewQuigley]

Thank you for explaining this amazing galaxy. I like the way you present science. Martin, geologist

[@doug834]

I would love to see more about LIGO and how it works and what it's sensitive to. I always learn a lot from your videos and I would love to learn more. Thanks for your great work!

[@joegillian314]

These time scales are so vast, it's almost unfathomable. It's fascinating that we can know these things; that we can be so resourceful in our methods of investigation.

[@BothHands1]

I love these videos so much I'm sure whatever you choose to talk about will be interesting. Talk about what excites you and it'll be exciting to watch. So def make a vid on ligo and its detection frequencies if you like the topic :)

[@richc47us]

Enjoy your personality that comes across on this technical topic...especially the out takes...haha...Good job!

[@TabulaRasa001]

I think I'm quixotically in love. Don't ever stop making space videos.

[@deancyrus1]

I learn so much because in transfixed on every word you say. Thanks

[@jeremyturner2873]

Congrats on 40K subs!

[@alexdevisscher6784]

Great vid! Are those accolades in the background? The resolution of the video is not quite enough to resolve the text.

[@r.kellycoker1981]

Your post videos of your goofs are very entertaining. Oh, yeah, you're very good at presenting the material, too.

[@Strype13]

One very interesting thing I notice when looking at the spectrum map is... the Cartwheel Galaxy doesn't appear to have a SMBH (no large X-Ray source) in it's own center, even though it does have a very large 'central bulge.' Has this been explained, by chance?

[@Rescheff]

The examples you bring are excellent and are helping allot, to understand the lecture... Thanks

[@AJVainio]

"Delta of 50kly - SLIGHTLY biggger" astronomy is trippy xD

[@AnonEyeMouse]

Layman's question. Thinking of unique collisions etc. If you had a small black hole trapped between two other, much larger black holes, could the rule about 'nothing escapes' be broken? And what, in your opinion, would that material look like if it could be pulled apart and escape?

[@alankilgore1132]

Dr. Becky. I love your videos and was checking out this one when I noticed you comparing side by side the Cartwheel with Hoag's Object. You showed them appearing the same apparent size even though the Cartwheel appears 3-4 times larger (1.1' x 0.9' to .28' x 2.8') . Just thought you should have noted that on the image or showed the Hoag's Object smaller in comparison, OR, showed their actual size on the image. Are you going to be appearing or doing a book signing here across the pond anytime soon?

[@ps200306]

Fabulous description, Dr. Bex. It conjures up one of those ultra-slow-motion videos of an apple exploding as a bullet passes through it, with the Cartwheel as the apple and the companion as the bullet! Insufferable pedant alert: at 1:20, a bunsen flame is blue because of emission in the Swan bands due to C2 and CH ... it's not nearly hot enough to be blue in the black-body sense like OB stars. I'll shut up now. 🤐

[@Bring_MeSunshine]

Yup, do a vid on Ligo's sensitivity and, if you're up for it, include something about where we are in terms of the next generation of similar space-borne interferometers, since that will up the scale and the sensitivity. I know it's a cheeky ask, but it does lead back to black holes

[@baumbiber3115]

1:27 that reference to a bunsen burner and candle is wrong. It looks blue not because it is so much hotter, but because it is the spectral emission of specific radicals (CH, C2 and OH) that appears as a intermediate product in the combustion. A candle has the exact same blue shimmer, but it is only visable at the base of the flame. On the rest of a candle the yellow-orange glow of the soot particles (which oxidize slowly on there way up) is too bright to see the blue. I hope to shed some light on this misconception ;)

[@softgoodsint]

Agreed, helpful clarification. I know tuning my Natural Gas furnace for air mixture is based on flame being blue as a rough way to adjust the mixture of O2 for the given CH4 flow. All that said about combustion, in the case of star colorizing toward blue, are you saying that's chemistry more than temperature? I could see differently created stars to have different chemistry from that of our own sun, might have different coloration to their luminescence. In other words, I could buy either solar chemistry or temperature based luminosity coloration. I'll concede my own science skills are too rusty, but I've got to give a kudos to these science vids to bring me back to it and digging deeper - I find them completely entertaining. Oh, did I mention that I find Dr. Becky completely engaging, a charming conversationalist, even if I'm only just listening.

[@baumbiber3115]

@@softgoodsint the color of a star is almost entirely dependent on its temperature, all stars are made of 99% H2 and He, so there is little to no diffrence. And with simple black body radiation you can derive the wavelenght (color) from the temperature

[@lsd25records]

love your content.... immediately subbed ........ science soothes my mind..

[@Mr1995Musicman]

Would love to hear about what LIGO is sensitive to, as well as what future upgrades might be sensitive to and what questions that would help answer

[@nicholasn.2883]

This is the circus galaxy. It is fit for individuals such as myself

[@CarolinaSkyAstronomy]

That is a really cool looking galaxy. Great video Dr. Becky thanks for sharing

[@IanGrams]

What are those "pulses" in the ALMA observation?

[@nickdiamond7595]

I "like" this video even before watching it because I know I'm going to learn something.

[@nickdiamond7595]

And Dr. Becky didn't disappoint.

[@jonbold]

+Why are there no intermediate black holes? Dr. Becky, It seems to me that a young, clean accretion disk with full spin could have a maximum size limit because all mass above a certain threshold would be converted to plasma in the normal relativistic way, whereas a SMBH might not be able to muster as much spin, having done too many mergers ( having eaten too many donuts ), its rate of rotation compromised by random mergers. I think this is IC-1101's problem. Just a thought. Also, perhaps the ring galaxies are the results of a sudden tremendous increase in TD at the core of the accretion disk caused by the sudden insertion of a great mass, causing a huge transient output. The fact that all stars in the ring are young and much the same age would be a clue. The fact that there are multiple pair of arms inside the ring would be another clue. Thanks for reading. Great video!!

[@sandman7955]

Love your enthusiasm

[@Veptis]

I sadly have to report a negative on my observations yesterday night. My camera was out of focus for the 9 minutes of integration time straight up, and only the remaining 5 minutes of a different framing were good. My mistake. In a good 20 minutes of laying on a tiny road in a field I saw 2 bright and like 5-7 miniscule meteors. It's a little early for the Perseids as peak is 10 days away. But the seeing was great and also no moon. I will attempt again in the next few days, as we are also running a 'long exposure' challenge on the photography Discord. Video pears very grainy, and previous videos were not. There is digital amplification or higher ISO (in most cases sensor dac amplification).

[@softgoodsint]

So glad I noticed your post only two days ago, since you point out the "Perseids" is now a week hence, and I could have easily otherwise have ... ahem ... "spaced it" (sorry, hope you like a bad pun). When I lived out West, I used to love to go to the "Green River Intergalactic Spaceport" (I swear, that's the actual name), a remote mountain top landing strip in Wyoming, perfect for watching the Milky Way and meteors. At least we liked to believe it was in Wyoming, although I'll forever be convinced that if there is a wormhole to another galaxy, it was there. So MrVipitis, thank you for the heads up (literally), as now I know to have my camera and tripod at the ready next weekend. Cheers!

[@leifharmsen]

Presumably every smbh was intermediate at some point. 2 intermediate size holes instead of a single smbh would orbit each other rather than sit at the galaxy centre creating the centre and ring pattern. Our galaxy has a dominant smbh at its centre which is why we're a simple spiral like a hurricane.

[@GregorShapiro]

Definitely do a video on what & why LIGO and other sensors can and cannot detect!

[@mikel4879]

Well, yes, please do a presentation with two black holes frolicking together...and a humongous elongated asteroid thrusting into their black area... That's a wonderful merger...

[@Anarchosyn]

Yes please! I’d love to hear a LIGO sensitivity video!

[@kadourimdou43]

Would you do a video on S5-HVS1 Star that’s been shot out of our galaxy by Sag A*? What happens to Stars like this. Do they make it to other galaxies?

[@rkpetry]

*_...a lot of the 'intermediate' mass holes are going to be tight-formations of smaller, acting collectively bigger and whence will have sunk-down toward the main central collection... meaning you'd find more 'intermediates' already-gathered within the 10× local-zone around 'supermassives'..._*

[@palfers1]

Lovely presentation.

[@nimueh4298]

What a beautiful looking galaxy, amazing.

[@skateebee]

Fantastic video as always! 👍

[@Strype13]

The Cartwheel Galaxy has always reminded me of a 'less vain' version of Hoag's object.

[@ernesthamm1813]

of course we want you to tell us about LIGO's capabilities and sensitivities!! I love watching your videos btw! also I have a quick question, when you said a galaxy was/wasn't "star bursty" could you explain what that means exactly? honest question!! I don't want it to seem like I'm poking fun lol. even if someone in the comments could clarify that would be cool.

[@DrBecky]

It means that a galaxy could be forming stars at a steady rate (day the equivalent of one sun a year) but hasn’t had a big burst ever (making say 100 suns per year for a short period of time )

[@ernesthamm1813]

@@DrBecky oh gotchya! ok, I see. thanks for that, I appreciate it!

[@CJonestheSteam72]

As a layman I would have thought ligo would have been sensitive to all gravitational waves, unless it's a size Vs frequency thing that a SMBH is outside of? Yes, would be very interested in a video 🙂

[@Walter-Montalvo]

I thought that LIGO would detect gravitational waves regardless of frequency. A video explaining why an observatory as LIGO have a limit in the frequencies, what frequencies LIGO is sensitive to and why those frequencies were selected would be great

[@evelyne7071]

Do huge black holes always have to merge then. Could the other “object’ of the direct hit somehow actually break up the mass of a black hole? Once formed, is it impossible to “crack the shell” of a black hole ? Do black holes only accrete ?

[@cmpe43]

Thank Dr. Becky for not having the heavy stuff on when you blow our minds with stellar nature.

[@cmpe43]

And why arent magnetic fields talked about? Is it a given? Why is subject so dark?

[@caerdwyn7467]

With regard to globular clusters (and possible associated intermediate mass black holes)… would a globular cluster passing through the disc of a spiral or flattened elliptical galaxy leave an identifiable disruption, or is the mass involve simply too small? Could this explain disproportionally large star forming regions such as the Tarantula Nebula?

[@ganymedemlem6119]

Ring galaxies are my favorite. Every one is so beautiful.

[@rayhuster5212]

Looks like a "Pasty" I saw at Mardi-Gras a few years ago! Needs a tassel but still beautiful! Where's the other one? Down the rabbit..er..black hole maybe?

[@anthonydees1189]

Could you do a segment on what becomes of space-time as it is pulled towards the center of a black hole?

[@SnaFubar_24]

Hi Dr Becky, love you videos! It would be really interesting for me if you would do a video on ligo with all the detail you can think of. I live less than a hundred miles from LIGO Livingston and intend a visit soon. I want to know as much as I can before I go in order to ask the right questions while there.

[@BrisketChef]

Dr Becky, I'd like to ask if you could discuss Hawking radiation since the topic of black holes keeps being discussed in your channel. Thank you for your content!

[@Tids_]

Dr, the universe isn't the only thing expanding rn

[@TheAltitudejunki]

Out takes.... Love them🤪🤪 yep more on ligo please👍

[@brettstephens4063]

Thank you for sharing the knowledge, I love your vids! The thing that freaks me out the most is that all the things our telescopes see today happened thousands of years ago 😱

[@rickmyers3716]

Loved the video! Glad I’ve found your channel, hung up on one concept however: if this galaxy is only 200 Million years old, how are we seeing it from 500 Million years away?... or is it just we’re seeing the 200 MYear version of it and it’s closer to 700? More importantly, are ALL references to an object’s age done in this same way, so that it’s pretty standard/implied?

[@Delistd]

Yes, tell us about LIGO and why they can't detect super massive black hole mergers!

[@RichardT2112]

Hotter things burn blue ... hmmm ... would explain your choice in colour for a shirt today ;) Very much enjoy the videos, although I’d like to see more air drumming to Genesis in future videos.

[@sent4dc]

5:44 I'm puzzled. What's this glow/animation thing? The light can't move that fast through that galaxy.

[@wiktoriaheinz9244]

Hello! I really like your channel and the topics you cover. But there is one thing I wonder about and that’’s all the craters that you talk about in The planets and comets in your videos - how come they are all round in their shape are all round?!

[@zeendaniels5809]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/eHSqiHqAhLqdfrs Basically... Craters are formed by high energy events, that literally vaporizes the object, and that's why the ejecta forms circular shapes most of the time. "Most of the time" because there are craters on the Moon that are not circular, just search for "moon oval craters"

[@sagethephoenix7494]

The structure of the central bright glow is VERY intriguing to me....it doesn't look like a typical galactic core, and it doesn't look like a small elliptical galaxy, and it doesn't look like a black hole accretion disk...how did that central structure come to look like it does....

[@WillPittenger]

Your mention of supermassive black holes got me thinking. Would the Magellanic clouds ever have had them? I'm assuming those hols would be tough to detect now as they might be no where near the rest of the mass.

[@nigeldepledge3790]

How is the ring still so blue if it's 200 million years old? I was under the impression that the hottest, bluest stars tend to go supernova after a few tens of millions of years.... Also, I'd love to see you make a video about how a supernova gives rise to a black hole - including a bit of detail about how the shells of different fusion reactions and the shock waves contrive to both fling most of the star's matter outwards and overcome neutron degeneracy pressure to collapse the core into a black hole. Also, where do the neutrinos come from...

[@woowooNeedsFaith]

6:25 - "We see a lot of those micro lensing events" - Really? Please tell us more! 8:46 - Of course you should... Like it were common knowledge nowadays.

[@darrendred1]

It's beautiful for sure but new data shows that the milky way is larger/bigger/wider than you said. Maybe something on that please. Looking forward to it

[@cryptobrian4732]

LIGO sensitivities video please. Also thank u for all the good videos.

[@adamburtt7712]

if a black hole has no more material to acrete, what happens? does it require more matter to exist? could we see it if there was no accretion disk? Honestly I could watch a full length film of you just talking. I love this stuff. Thanks for doing it

[@jonleonard538]

Black holes of all sizes are the dominant objects in their areas. Thus most of the obvious happenings in the universe is effected by or will effect, like make, a black hole.

[@m98de]

Cant wait for the next week video

[@britoroque]

Do you think that when we freeze something, and freeze, freeze, until it reaches zero farenheit, and then continue to freeze, then the particles of that thing start to move again, but to the past, instead of to the future?

[@437cosimo]

Any to tell if the ring is above or below the plane of the central mass?

[@ooiirraa]

I love your videos and I love astronomy but my question is not about it: you have such a beautiful voice, do you sing??? Where can I hear you singing?

[@willwarden1631]

I figured it out the Hoags object is the same thing as a beluga whale blowing a bubble ring. The outer ring must be moving really fast towards or away from us. It’s interaction with nearby gases is analogous to the fluid dynamics of the beluga bubble ring. Dr.

[@lindsayforbes7370]

Please do a video on gravitational wave detection. Not just the LIGO part of the spectrum but how we might detect the ultra long wavelengths from smbs. You didn't need me to ask 😁

[@sergiocmarreiro]

Hi , Dr Becky, thanks for the videos, they are very informative and fun to watch. Could you tell us about how you think it would be our astronomy if andromeda had already collided with the Milky way?

[@zentrader1073]

What would it look like if you were in the lagrange point between two spinning black holes? I imagine there's some calculation to do with the size of each one's event horizon; however what if you were at that lagrange point, and it was incredibly tiny? What would spacce look like as they spun around you? Would the effect of one event horizon perhaps momentarily negate the effect of the other, allowing you to briefly glimpse beyond the horizon?

[@JONSEY101]

Can we be sure that the material is being flung outwards from the center to the outer ring rather than being pulled from the outer ring to the center and if so, how?

[@dindu42]

If there was a collision which caused the ring to form - BUT there was insufficient rotation around the centre then maybe the contents of the ring could be drawn towards the centre by gravity ? Maybe ? What if 2 spiral's collide and one of the spiral arms instead of getting drawn into the central black hole gets the slingshot effect and is thrown out from the centre causing the spokes to appear. Different to my first idea as the spokes are moving away from the centre instead of towards it ?

[@zapfanzapfan]

Video on LIGO, VIRGO and LISA, yes please! :-)

[@NicholasSibille]

Ligo video? Yes, please!

[@mikejadis]

Yes - do a video on what LIGO can detect and cannot detect.

[@jimmyshrimbe9361]

Yes!! I'd love for you to make a video about LIGO!!

[@matildab2231]

Wow! You have a stellar singing voice Dr Becky. Perhaps you could record us a rendition of The Universe Song, updating any inaccuracies, if necessary, of course. :-D xXx

[@pinkdispatcher]

Very interesting again. I always come away from your videos thinking "Intersting. I didn't know that. I didn't even know I didn't know it." Yes, please make a video on LIGO (and VIRGO) sensitivity. What happend to your camera? It seems quite excessively noise this time.

[@WoodysAR]

I just subscribed and now I'm waiting for the Cart _man_ Galaxy!! (A SLOBular Cluster?? ;~)