Geology 6 (Origins of Lava and Magma)

[@pisceshilda]

Hi there, just want to thank you for making and uploading this lecture series. I'm an artist and have been focusing on fantasies and fairytales for a really long time. But after discovering the realm of geology, I realise that the so-called "reality" is as magical, all I need to do is change my perspective. This really points me a new direction!!

[@bubba842]

I am currently doing GEOL 200 Physical Geology. This series pretty much covers the whole course. It's great to get a different perspective on some of the topics as the textbooks can be confusing. It's great to have somebody else explain things in a different way. Thank you very much for these uploads.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

You are very welcome and I'm glad I could help!

[@3starsfell]

well aren't these lectures just the best things since sliced basalt. thank you so much for the time and effort put into these videos, not only do they assist me in my class but they are very fun to watch . thanks again

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thank you!

[@MasterMalrubius]

Yes. You could say the series . . . rocks!

[@sabrinafelber]

Watching in order and I am hooked! I really should have made this my career. Missed opportunity but making up for it in later life vicariously through your class. Thank you so much.

[@sluggou812beotch]

I'm going to have to give up driving myself around. I live near Metaline Falls WA which is a geologically fascinating area and I'm always turning my head to see something with my new eyes which isn't the best thing to do on a winding river road. It's already a chore watching for deer and elk. Anyway thank you for the new eyes. You're teaching style reminds me of my fisheries instructor, Brian Gilbert at Spokane Community College. That guy just blasted the information into my skull in a way that I had no choice but to understand fully the subject matter. Brian is a very busy guy being involved in rescue dogs and habitat restoration on a purely volunteer basis. Thank you for taking the time share your knowledge.

[@richardrobertson1331]

I regularly drive thru Nevada and have wondered why some lava flows are a layer of partially melted rock, not a homogeneous mass. Now I know. Thanks. Geology was not my field, but it has now become my obsession. Thanks for the part you have played. At 76 I may now have a new career.

[@echosystemd]

It's such a treat to listen to you, Professor! Everything is explained clearly. I was super interested in geology part of geography class in high school, but chose to major in Physics in college. Your teaching gives me flashbacks of classes given by my Physics professor from Netherlands. That was more than ten years ago. I feel as if I were in a classroom once more. Thank you!

[@Jo-rr1oh]

I’m a medical student who has nothing to do with geology but I have been liking it lately and your videos are amazing

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thank you so much for your appreciation!

[@beckyballinger8192]

I appreciated the mantle plume segment, and seeing pictures and descriptions. As I was reading about this subject and didn't remember very well the basics anymore. Thank you. Always loved my Geology class in College.

[@evelynhemedinger5266]

you are doing great work here- thanks so much! Maybe I'll pass Geology now :)

[@thejohnringo]

I'm watching your lectures in order. So far, all excellent, but this one gets a wow; you dissected a complex system very clearly.

[@stefaniaponitz5738]

In almost every episode there is a moment where I'm just with my mouth open, eyes wide in amazement. There were a couple of those moments in this one and I'm not even done watching yet

[@authenticwarrior7877]

Very well organised...lectures..and professionally explained. Thanks..and keep enjoying Geology for all viewers

[@candyflair7946]

This is amazing. The true meaning of earth crust really set in. I read the part about needing to cool deep mines. I had no idea.

[@rosiealaniz3205]

Wonderful lesson! Especially for new students of geology! Best lessons on youtube. Thank you so much Professor!

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Glad you think so!

[@theskyobserver]

Your videos make me love geology more... Btw i am a biology teacher in the philippines. I am very fascinated with geology

[@kbusc576]

Thank you so much for uploading these videos, they were so helpful in helping me review what I learned in my geology 1101 class, and I look forward to using them again when I need a refresher :)

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

You're very welcome!

[@miku5907]

This presentation was an incredibly helpful addition to the class I'm taking - a thousand thanks!!!

[@mbisetakobana]

Thanks a lot man.You explained this better than most books i have read and the lectures i have heard from.Bless.

[@getzvalerevich6565]

Thank you once again. The more i watch, the more a addicted i get for knowledge.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thank you for the kind comments!

[@briannatrump7101]

I love these videos! They are very helpful and easy to listen to

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thank you for your kind feedback!

[@EMarcisz32]

which textbook are you referring to? The graphs are really neat. Thank you for putting the videos up!

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

You are so welcome! I generally use Tarbuck, Lutgens, and Tassa's geology textbooks and they can be found on amazon.com.

[@711zuni]

Watching these in order after finding #16 first It’s a lot to absorb but I can listen over and over to them Thank you

[@dom4945]

Thanks for the video it was very useful. When talking about magma differentiation. What I don't understand is if the lava is hot enough to melt minerals like olivine why will the magma be basaltic and not incorporate other minerals which have a lower melting point which surely will also melt and be incorporated into the magma?

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Good question and the video probably doesn't adequately answer that question. In fact, I may update it in the near future to improve upon that. Here's the answer to your question (if I am interpreting it correctly): it depends on how much of the original igneous rock is melted. If the original rock is basalt and melted entirely, it will recrystallize as basalt with the full suite of mafic minerals found within basalt. However, if the basalt is only partially melted, the felsic (Si and Al-rich) mineral phases with the lower melting points will melt first leaving the the higher temperature (mafic) mineral phases as a solid. This newly differentiated felsic magma can then crystallize later and form felsic rocks full of Si and Al-rich minerals like quartz, K-spar, and muscovite (as is common in granodiorites and granites). The key to understanding differentiation is that the felsic magmas become physically separated from their original rocks and concentrate elsewhere, which is why hot, granitic magmas don't form basalts. I hope this helps... Cheers!

[@dom4945]

@@EarthandSpaceSciencesX Thanks a lot this makes a lot of sense and I assume basalt becoming entirely melted is quite rare and only happens in area with very high temperature and pressures

[@tpstrat14]

And again, I think this is fantastic. Really.

[@martinetchebar9997]

Really good videos to refresh and learn more about geology!! thank you!!

[@mikeoglen6848]

That's another very interesting video.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Glad you enjoyed it!

[@travisrogers2362]

if you want to put this lecture into an understanding of how it can be applied to a realistic situation, watch a video by ask jeff Williams about gold and its associations with these types of rocks. what rocks to look for indicators of gold. this is a great way to practice your understanding of the terms discussed in these videos.

[@Jeonex]

I know this video is a few years old now, but at 5:58 does the graph refer to depth below sea level, or just depth below the surface of the crust? Thank you

[@alexhall5121]

Great video as usual, thanks

[@hoopfeast1818]

thanks for this video

[@uzairkhan9081]

Thank you very much. Extremely helpful. Can you upload anything on "Stratigraphy"? It's giving me a hard time. Hope to hear soon.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Great suggestion! I love stratigraphy and I may add that to the growing list of subjects I would like to cover for future videos. However, right now we are publishing an Environmental Science playlist (check it out!) so anything on stratigraphy would be after that is completed.

[@jp216]

During min 11:00 is the water decreasing the melting point because the rocks slightly dissolve in water and therefore decrease the attractive bonds within the solids? Or why is water decreasing the melting point? I know you said water is volatile, but what if there was a hydrophobic volatile? Would we see a similar thing happening

[@therealmatthewsmith]

Nice videos!

[@Sheepdog1314]

excellent - thank you

[@Voltaic314]

Hey again! Quick question in regards to the uplift of rock like you were talking about at around 7 minutes in. What causes the rock to rise in the first place? If the peridotite rock is already in a solid form underneath a more liquid mantle under the ridge, wouldn't it be too dense to rise up? I'm guessing that the rock is rising due to the heat and natural convection currents of the mantle, yes? Because otherwise it seems kinda weird that this more solid rock is rising through a more liquid section. Am I correct in my assumptions here?

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

"I'm guessing that the rock is rising due to the heat and natural convection currents of the mantle, yes?" This is correct. :) Rocks in the mantle act brittle over short periods of time but can flow over long periods of time. The study of solid objects, such as peridotite, that flow is called rheology.

[@santumanna7022]

Too nice

[@lethargogpeterson4083]

Maybe I'm missing something, but at 33:25 there seems to be a discrepancy between what the slides and the narration regarding dikes and sills. Thank you very much for the great lecture series.

[@amiramiruddin9779]

Thanks you , this is very usefull for me to understand how the various magma composition occur. Is that possible in early continental rifting zone such as in East Africa and red sea the magma will produce intermediate and felsic magmas ? Thank for your explanation before.

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

amir amiruddin that’s exactly what one would expect.

[@deisman5130]

Great lectures! What happened to lectures 14, 15, 20 & 22? Only on lesson 6 but I started with 11. Addicted now. Rick from Osoyoos, Canada

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

Thanks for your appreciation Rick! Those lectures were pulled because they needed some revising and I'll be publishing new versions of them soon (hopefully).

[@deisman5130]

Thanks, I'm looking forward to watching them all . At 65 I finally have time to learn all those things that have always interested me but seemed to pass me by (life got in the way) Your Earth Science X lessons are like Kahn Academy on steroids. You have a gift, keep it up!

[@fredkarnak483]

thank you !!!!!

[@amiramiruddin9779]

The second , how to distinguish the rocks as product of partial melting and this as product of magma differentiation. Thank you

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

amir amiruddin all granites and intermediate composition magmas are ultimately derived from partial melting of ultramafic mantle rocks.

[@ErikPukinskis]

24:10 Why is the solidus a straight line, but the melting curve is... curved? I would expect that they would line up exactly?

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

The solidus (100% solid) and liquidus (100% liquid), which are the melting curves, are indeed very close to parallel and relatively straight. The strongly curved lines are the geothermal gradients.

[@MrK-tb9qi]

That moment when u explained decompression melting 🔥

[@EarthandSpaceSciencesX]

🙌

[@ansharalfarizyghuffran6518]

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[@barbarabihl]

This Earth is better than the one with the dove and the olive branch. Plus it has solid footing!!

[@barbarabihl]

All the decoders etc. NASA EMPLOYEES ,ASSISTS, OTHERS , NATO, KOREA, PERSONS OF CANARY ISLAND, MALAWI, CHAD ,CUBA NIROBI, SHIEK KIAV, JOSEPH MATSON ... THERE ARE SO MANY TO THANK .

[@barbarabihl]

🎉

[@3starsfell]

and only 1 comment and 12 likes, doesn't make any sense,

[@friendlydragon8999]

Mark Hunt people do not like geology.I do not belive this.Geology is interesting.

[@azharkhan-nd6wy]

Hi

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[@nicolemagny1]

Uma legenda iria ajudar.

[@ansharalfarizyghuffran6518]

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[@Fathaniable]

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