Einsteinium - Periodic Table of Videos

A new video about the element Einsteinium.
Videos on all 118 elements: bit.ly/118elements
More links and info in full description ↓↓↓
More reading:
The New Elements Einsteinium and Fermium, Atomic Numbers 99 and 100: escholarship.org/uc/item/70q4...
Symposium commemorating the 25th anniversary of elements 99 and 100: www.osti.gov/biblio/6248544
Structural and spectroscopic characterization of an einsteinium complex: www.nature.com/articles/s4158...
Videos from our trip to Oak Ridge: • Trip to Oak Ridge - Pe...
A video from Diamond Synchrotron: • Anatomy of a Physics E...
Support us on Patreon: / periodicvideos
More chemistry at www.periodicvideos.com/
Follow us on Facebook at / periodicvideos
And on Twitter at / periodicvideos
From the School of Chemistry at The University of Nottingham: bit.ly/NottChem
This episode was also generously supported by The Gatsby Charitable Foundation
Periodic Videos films are by video journalist Brady Haran: www.bradyharan.com/
Brady's Blog: www.bradyharanblog.com
Join Brady's mailing list for updates and extra stuff --- eepurl.com/YdjL9

[@khayyam741]

I would never be so interested in chemistry without this channel. Edit: And now even more because of another channel called NileRed.

[@decanmusic2997]

So true!

[@alphonsokurukuchu]

I hated it before, not like I love it now but I dislike it now

[@ghen2000]

I am a chemistry professor, and I agree whole-heartedly.

[@DoiInthanon1897]

Yes!! I love chemistry and this channel does an awesome job of illustrating it.

[@adamlewellen5081]

Quiz, 3 types of elements? Thx professor...

[@paulg3336]

"Shall we use drones to collect fallout samples" "No ,humans are cheaper."

[@zchen27]

The 1960s: When health and safety laws don't exist and you can ride horses and drive cars into nuclear explosions.

[@renecastro6110]

Lol back in that day. Nowadays drones are cheaper by the dozen.

[@5Andysalive]

@@zchen27 1952. Still that was already 7 years after Hiroshima. "We didn't know about radiation" could be no excuse anymore. Then again, we all remember pictures of soldiers with leather aprons on the roof of Chernobyl. 34years later. They were "cheaper" too.

[@emilchandran546]

@@5Andysalive not so much that those doing the clean up at Chernobyl were cheaper than the alternative but that there was no alternative. There was a lot of radioactive material which needed to be cleaned up, the only way really was to send in the military to try their best.

[@Member_zero]

@@zchen27 I know. Those were the days. People today are a bunch of squares and wusses!

[@qzbnyv]

Just came from a Computerphile video with Professor Brailsford and am now spoiled with a Professor Poliakoff video on Periodic Videos. What a time to be alive.

[@periodicvideos]

Super

[@campbellpaul]

I just finished re-watching Brailsford on Von Neumann just yesterday... The computer's "wealthy genius uncle" (or something of that sort) lol. Great stuff here

[@musashi939]

Reflections on trusting trust. Fascinating stuff. Didn't think about that during the compiler development lecture /exercise at uni.

[@RoastCDuck]

Now we can simulate the proffesor's hair in less iterations. What a time to be alive.

[@KaiHenningsen]

Just two papers down the line ...

[@edgarlemus2084]

I’m a Biochemistry major now in college because I’ve been obsessed with this channel for so long

[@ireallylikehuskies9472]

woah thats really cool i think im on the same path right now!

[@jamesstoltzfus887]

8t .ee

[@rvure]

Glad to see the professor doing well

[@DoiInthanon1897]

The same as ever. I love how after 12 years, he still has a desire to express his love of chemistry to other people. His ethusiasm for the subject is what got me loving chemistry. Thank you Professor!

[@joshuarosen6242]

“Enough power to make a cup of tea” - what a very British unit of measurement.

[@jpdemer5]

British atomic weapons are measured in Gigateas.

[@Member_zero]

I would love to have Einstainium tea kettle! Too bad it's so hard to get it.

[@u.v.s.5583]

@@jpdemer5 The yield of the Tsar bomb was sufficient to boil trillions of Samovars worth of tea and to distill teraliters of samogon.

[@albertospengler]

Like BTU LoL

[@RideAcrossTheRiver]

@@albertospengler British Tea Upyernoses

[@ohnoitschris]

"If it isn't fun, it isn't worth doing" damn straight

[@jackbenson8228]

yeah cleaning the toilet sure is fun

[@distantignition]

@@jackbenson8228 I love cleaning the toilet. Making poopy stuff into non-poopy stuff is very entertaining.

[@mark-ish]

Ohnoitschris - "damn straight" If only Prof Poliakoff said that !! 💀🤣

[@Scoffslaphead72]

I guess i'll just stop my dialysis then.

[@plotsky_]

School: 👀

[@clayb9290]

It's a beautiful thing to watch the Periodic videos from 12 years ago for the past few weeks then see a new one uploaded 20 minutes ago. Thank you, Brady and Professor Poliakoff

[@boredgrass]

THAT'S JUST HAPPENED TO ME! 🤗 I watched the video about Cadmium and voila! 🤗

[@internetperson9813]

And the original Es video was roughly 12 years ago

[@thecraigster8888]

The Los Alamos code word for the development of the bomb was Project Panda, so some jokesters suggested a name for the new element: Pandemonium.

[@theq4602]

That was a nickname given to Americium after it was first synthesized in Seaborgs cyclotron, they called it that because it was very difficult to separate from Curium, which they nicknamed delirium.

[@electronicsNmore]

I cannot see anyone being bored if you were their chemistry teacher.

[@shafin4750]

You blind

[@darkflix1766]

@@shafin4750 No u

[@cryvsspy]

you must have not gone out for several decades

[@Vicvines]

The professor is proof that kids love to learn, they just hate bad teachers, because I show these videos to kids and they're mesmerized

[@RedHairdo]

The problem is being told to do it, everyday. In some days, like when your pets or people die, the last thing you want is a class about Einsteinium.

[@joseluisderamon8504]

The professor's hair is so majestic

[@jacobcowan3599]

It looks like his head is always in the clouds. So fluffy!

[@Unchained_Alice]

Unlike everyone else his hair gets better and better as he ages.

[@WouterWeggelaar]

Professor Poliakoff at 7:22: "Athenium, I am not sure why Athenium" Perhaps it is because Athena is the goddess of warfare, and the element was discovered using a bomb?

[@brockgan8941]

Thats gotta be it

[@WouterWeggelaar]

@Interesting Fives I'm not sure what you're trying to say? I gave a possible explanation for that proposed name.

[@jpdemer5]

According to Seaborg, athenium, Am, for element 99, and centurium, Ct, for element 100, were introduced by Louis Alvarez in a talk at a conference at Oxford in 1950, where he presented the possibility of synthesizing the elements via nuclear reactions. Russian scientists believed that he was actually announcing their synthesis, and used those names and symbols for a time in academic publications. Why he chose "Athenium" is still up for debate - perhaps after Athens, where the idea of atoms was first developed by Democritus - althoug "democrium" would seem more appropriate.

[@ludaMerlin69]

Athena is also a goddess of wisdom

[@RWBHere]

A more likely, and appropriate, name would have been Pandemonium.

[@jones7386]

Professor if you had taught me science throughout highschool I'd be a chemist. You have an ability to make science so interesting. I wish you good health and a long and fulfilling life

[@BrokenSofa]

This is probably one of the best videos yet IMO

[@marc-andreservant201]

8:47 Hey that's an antineutrino shooting out of the atom! Yes I get it electrons have a lepton number of +1 so you need to also emit something with -1 for the universe to stay balanced. Still cool that they didn't forget the neutrino!

[@paultheaudaciousbradford6772]

10:01 “...and they’ve done this with only about 300 nanograms - that’s less than you can see - of the element.” 300 nanograms might not seem like a lot, but it’s Einsteinium-so it’s all relative. Hahahahaha! Sometimes I crack myself up!!!

[@DeconvertedMan]

Your action was kind of spooky to me, but only from this distance.

[@u.v.s.5583]

"Three hairs on a head are relatively few, three hairs in a soup are relatively many, but three hairs in a sample of Einsteinium is mega rare!!!"

[@karlbergen6826]

I can remember chemistry books back in the 60's where the Symbol for einsteinium was "E". In these books the Symbol for Argon was "A".

[@elevatorsareout667]

Iodine, oxygen, and uranium (I, O, U).

[@Member_zero]

Straightforward and simple like it should be!

[@theq4602]

I think the reason it isnt E anymore is because at some point someone would mistake E for energy in physics (like E=mc^2) for Einsteinium. So they gave it Es to prevent the confusion.

[@OGSontar]

Sir Martyn, you continue to astound and educate us, and while most of the information you impart is as far beyond me as the stars themselves, I thank you for your willingness to share your knowledge and the down-to-Earth manner in which you present it. Would that all academics were as skilled as you in communication.

[@sigmundfreud7903]

I’m going to credit this channel for introducing and getting me interested in chemistry.

[@DoiInthanon1897]

ME TOO

[@chandrajitkarmakar2333]

The Professor is just like Einstein himself😀👍👌

[@fabr1cated]

he's our very own einstein :)

[@DoiInthanon1897]

@@fabr1cated Yes, very :D

[@SAOS451316]

It's important to remember that Pikinni, Bikini Atol in English, was not Terra Nullis. The people of Pikinni were forcefully relocated to nearby islands which were still close enough to be covered by fallout and barely habitable to begin with. At least three islands were destroyed in the various tests but the crater shown in the video was in fact from Castle Bravo. The atoll remains radioactive and uninhabitable to this day. Nuclear synthesis and related sciences will forever be scarred by the horrors of atomic weapons.

[@raykent3211]

Well said. Putting scientific discovery so far above human ethics is awful. Few scientists feel comfortable about the fact that the most reliable data on hypothermia still used today was got from nazi experiments on captive humans.

[@SAOS451316]

@@raykent3211 A lot of scientific and medical knowledge comes from nazi experiments. Here in the space fields we have von Braun who was a nazi but also responsible for early rocket development in the US. Uncomfortable indeed. Let's remember that for every bit of useful data we have from them blood was shed.

[@thekinginyellow1744]

The big fish eat the little ones. That's the way it works. Try not to be a little fish.

[@racookster]

@@thekinginyellow1744- If that's the way you look at things, you're no better than an animal.

[@thekinginyellow1744]

@@racookster Last I checked, all humans are animals. Ask any evolutionary biologist.

[@samthompson2203]

I left chemistry behind after GCSEs, but I loved it and always regretted not being able to take it. So many thanks, Professor and team, for keeping the rest of us laypeople engaged - especially over Lockdown!

[@NatenNator]

From that government video: "It's much more cost effective to send manned aircraft through the radioactive cloud than using our unmanned drones!" 😬

[@aristoth]

Bio-Robots

[@jaysartori9032]

I wasn't really interested in chemistry until I came upon this channel thank you Profesor, and to all the people that help make this youtube possible!

[@FalconFlight747]

I started watching this channel during an introductory level chemistry course in college. And I watched even more periodic videos as I took an organic chemistry class. Now, 5 years later, I am still captivated by the wealth of knowledge in chemistry that I find here.

[@boboften9952]

Thank You Professor Sir Martyn Poliakoff . Excellent Video . Thank You Brady .

[@hassanali4494]

Hi professor , you are the sole reason I love chemistry , keep making amazing videos , bye

[@SLEEPYJK]

Martin's hair is looking fantastic, as always!

[@oxyplik3542]

Amazing power of KZbin is huge historical advantage of next generations

[@loganisanerd5566]

Always lovely to see more videos! Glad you're staying safe and in good spirits, Professor!

[@thomthumbe]

For me, the study and understanding of atomic bomb(s) has in turn led to a fascinating study of and learning the basics of how our universe functions. There is much in common between the two.

[@killingmasheen]

Nuclear weapons are a fantastic primer to understanding more advanced concepts in physics and it's the perfect example of what not to do. I first got interested in nuclear weapons when I was 10 years old. I initially just thought they looked cool, like the ultimate firework. Learning how they worked taught me to think of matter on an atomic level which really is the most important thing a person needs to know if they're interested in the wider world of physics.

[@saidurmursalinrafter9673]

I love chemistry.That's why I am completing graduation in chemistry.

[@Olhado256]

Makes sense

[@spuriouss]

@@Olhado256 hahahaha

[@juansigamer]

That's awesome!

[@mspaddyg]

Where else can you get amazing content like this? 👏👏👏👏

[@Salonika_82]

And THIS is exactly how a professor has to look and sound like... Thank you for another great video!

[@dvwegner]

I really love these videos. I wish the professor had been my chemistry professor in high school. The education system needs more people like him.

[@freakzone1284]

Thanks to this channel im coursing Chemistry on college, thank you Professor and Brady!... and don´t forget Neil!

[@phox1515]

I was never very interested in science back in grade school but I think I would have loved it if this guy was my teacher / professor. Not only is he keeping my interest but I think I'm learning stuff and almost want to pursue a chemistry career.

[@jjflash2611]

I've never seen someone explain such complex topics in such a simple manner. Thank you Professor. You've reignited my love of science and chemistry.

[@Shanicdnb]

Really owe it to channels like these that really spark a passion in science and chemistry, thanks brady, you should feel proud of the people you've inspired

[@suhani551]

I am a history student and I discovered professor's channel a few days ago. Never knew I liked chemistry this much. Too sad I can't change my major now

I love the way he explains things in a simple way !!! One of the most beautiful channels on youtube

[@aagevaksdal]

What a brilliant man, the prof! Really brightens my day!

[@donstor1]

I think you are so effective at teaching due to your humility and you joy in the subject matter. Thank you Professor.

[@kelz4384]

Amazing video professor, you have a knack of making it so interesting, thank you so much ❤️

[@kakarikiIck]

Love these videos! Science was one of my favourite classes in school.

[@irradiatedbadger]

The professional is definitely one of my favorite people on earth, what an inspiring person

[@darrendm8037]

That duffel coat is great. And the chemistry!

[@z-beeblebrox]

BTW of the two pilots who flew through the mushroom cloud during Operation Ivy, one of them died, crashing into the ocean. This was one of the earliest direct observations that nuclear weapons create an EMP, as both planes' electronics went haywire during the fly-through, taking them way off course, and even the second pilot nearly died because both their planes ran out of fuel looking for the carrier. Needless to say, it's more of an EM wave when we're talking about the inside of a mushroom cloud, since it's just bouncing around in there and remains active much longer. Don't mess with mushroom clouds, kids.

[@TheNoiseySpectator]

I assume the other one is no longer with us, either. From what did he die? I suspect it is something that can be traced to radiation exposure.

[@z-beeblebrox]

@@TheNoiseySpectator He died in 2016, so I wouldn't say his life was cut short or anything. They were all carefully monitored, and never received more radiation than expected, which could be controlled for by simply how much time they spent in the cloud. People in downwind towns during the height of nuclear testing were way more at risk of cancer than these guys ever were. It's similar to how nuclear power plant workers receive lower doses of radiation than people who live in aging brick houses, or have Radon leaks in their basement. The intensity matters much less than exposure time.

[@robertschlesinger1342]

Excellent video by a brilliant chemistry professor. Very interesting, informative and worthwhile video.

[@grommike3726]

For some reason your videos haven’t been in my feed. Glad I’m back.

[@HeyRussianCommissar]

I was watching your lovely hair and videos in highschool and now I'm done with university which included organic chemistry ha, what a time to be alive

[@croissant4131]

what did you study

[@benoitb.3679]

Awesome, I'm here early. I'm so glad I signed up for the mailing list! Fantastically enjoyable and illuminating video as always, thank you.

[@saidurmursalinrafter9673]

How have you commented 1 hour ago?

[@ScubaShark--8964]

@@saidurmursalinrafter9673 Hmm- Ikr kinda weird.

[@Niko69420]

@@saidurmursalinrafter9673 KZbin’s broken again..

[@davidgillies620]

The narrator of the 1950s video says it's more cost-effective to fly F-84s into the mushroom cloud than drones. What is not mentioned is that one of the aircraft crashed after its instruments were disrupted by a storm triggered by the explosion. The pilot's body was never recovered.

[@scrotiemcbogerballs8286]

Great see the professor again wish I had teachers like him when I was in school thanks for sharing everything with us god bless

[@codygrannemann9506]

I just found your channel today from your video about Oganesson from four years ago. I am going to be watching a lot more during my free time. :)

[@leonardopesaresi7170]

Dear sir Martyn, It is so nice to see you in new videos, in perfect health !!! Hope to see new ones soon.

[@MrCarpelan]

"It's much cheaper to use manned flights than using drones!" At least they were honest about not caring about human life back in the day.

[@DocRen]

I literally haven't visited this channel in YEARS when I was still taking Chemistry (subbed with another account). I'm so happy to know the professor is still at it.

[@periodicvideos]

Great to have you back!!!

[@noemiszvot5098]

As always a really educational video, thank you Professor!

[@agustinperuzzi]

I'm so glad to see the professor back! We missed you!

[@timothybaker8234]

Glad to see you back.

[@omsingharjit]

4:08 " when it went off " i did not get this .. But thanks fully you did explained... You understood what we don't . It's something what what makes us happy .

[@JayMillyPowerKingdom]

Finally a new vid Professor good job

[@idkfpv6435]

new vid from the professor.. the week just got better

[@jondonnelly4831]

Coral Island sounds like a lovely place for a holiday.

[@simonunwin9383]

This channel gave me my interest in chemistry

[@frapechinokelsey6451]

This channel made my chemistry 😍❤

[@harleyspeedthrust4013]

I love these videos

[@mychaelpierce8049]

Great job Prof. Thanks for sharing!

[@codycall6513]

Advanced Chem is no where near the knowledge of this channel. Just love the new. Only thing REAL in life anymore.

[@Souchirouu]

I like the part in the old video where they are actually proud of sending in manned airplanes instead of drones after detonating a H-bomb xD

[@paultheaudaciousbradford6772]

That caught my attention too. I’d love to know what happened to those pilots.

[@SuLokify]

I have to admit I'm more than a little interested in what kind of drone technology existed at the time

[@EebstertheGreat]

@@SuLokify I was a little surprised that UAVs were already called "drones" back in the 1950s.

[@fabr1cated]

such a marvelous effort by the scientists i feel happy to know that even today scientists are going at it, and it's nothing but reassuring to know that progress in humanity's knowledge of existence is made

[@CosmicAliveness]

These are the best videos

[@KurtRichterCISSP]

Thank you, Professor and Brady!

[@malamuteaerospace6333]

I love this guy. He makes chemistry great and interesting.

[@phillipeastman1326]

My High School history teacher was one of those guys in the planes that the professor mentions! Mr. Dempsey (MHS Morristown, NJ)--rest his soul--described flying through atomic clouds with what looked like fly paper hung all about the inside of the aircraft. I guess he was one of those folks who can take it, because he lived to a ripe old age...

[@junction13pirate]

Oh wow 9hrs new 😁😁😁 love these videos. Many thanks chaps

[@rictaracing2736]

Great seeing you outside, thanks for all the knowledge!

[@wynnowen]

Great video as always. I would love to see a video about YinMn blue. The pigment containing Yttrium (Y), Indium (In), and Manganese (Mn) that was discovered in 2009. Please keep the wonderful videos coming!

[@Xamy-]

Your wish was granted, though not sure if they read this

[@michaelglynn2638]

Enjoyed this very much, Thank you.

[@arthurvin2937]

Manned aircraft is much less costly to put in the air than drones for sample collecting. Basically we sent people into the mushroom cloud because it's cheaper. :D Classic 50's

[@MongooseTacticool]

Perhaps the manned jets may have been more reliable than the contemporary drone aircraft, due to the state if the art at the time.

[@theq4602]

@@MongooseTacticool yeah I mean, one burnt out vacuum tube and a whole shiny jet fighter is lost

[@johndigiovanni622]

To the dude with the Einstein hair, Thank you for the time and effort you put into this video. It was Entertaining, educational And interesting.

[@DoiInthanon1897]

That, my friend, is Sir Martyn Poliakoff. I totally agree with you

[@quaidcarlobulloch9300]

Beautiful video

[@Ko1F1shyVR]

Thank you I have been trying to understand how this element worked

[@RustyShackleford_]

You had me at, "exciting news", professor.

[@1.4142]

So much better than the original!

[@liudas5377]

Thank you. You guys are the best!

[@sam08g16]

That was awesome! More like this please!

[@Simbosan]

And this was how they discovered Ductapeium

[@adamsteele6148]

This is bloody amazing

[@Duane_Day]

Another terrific video

[@pistonx3544]

Your videos got me into chemistry

[@lillywho]

Your hai never seizes to amaze me ❤️

[@inujosha]

I have a degree in Accounting and I also have a degree to be an Electrician. I would happily go back to school for a degree in chemistry if I could have Dr. Martin as my professor and mentor.

[@A-Ls1]

I missed this man!!

[@paulschottke948]

I love your videos please keep it going and make more oft them in yoour garden it's a very nice background. Lots of love from germany.

[@ad7325]

He looks so excited 😆😆

[@malcolmabram2957]

The heaviest element where when pure can be seen in a macroscopic quantity is californium, the element where a macroscopic quantity can be seen as a compound is EsCl3.

[@alexpotts6520]

The anecdote about the exploding radioactive sample is quite instructive, actually. Accidents happen, but the scientists were well-prepared for it. They'd put down a paper lining on the inside of the fume hood for exactly that reason: so if they had a spill - or in this case, an explosion - they could contain the dangerous material (as well as not losing their sample so they could continue the experiment, though obviously safety is the higher concern). Safety in chemistry isnt about never making mistakes. It's about making sure you never have a single point of failure, and that you have a plan for what to do when things go wrong.

[@IgN5P]

Thank you sir, for making chemistry digestible.