Electrical & Electronic Waveforms: sine, square, triangular, sawtooth, ramp

In electronics and electrical science there are many different types of waveform that are encountered.
These electronics waveforms include sine waves, square waves, rectangular waves, triangular waves, sawtooth waves and ramp waveforms. All these electronic waveforms are seen in different electronic circuit designs and having a good understanding of what they are and how they are made up can give a better understanding of what is happening in the circuit.
This video describes the main electrical and electronic waveform types that are seen: sine waves, square waves, rectangular waves, triangular waveforms, and sawtooth or ramp waveforms.
The first description of a waveform given is for the sine wave as this forms the basis of all other periodic waveforms. Details of the period or time for each cycle are given along with an explanation of the frequency and amplitude.
The spectrum of the electronic waveform is also shown, and from this it can be seen that a perfect sine wave has no harmonics.
The square wave is also described, mentioning that the term, square wave is often used as the generic description for all waveforms having vertical sides.
The spectrum for the square wave is shown and this reveals that it consists of a fundamental sine wave having the same basic period as that of the square wave and a series of odd integer harmonics.
The same treatment is also given for other forms of electronic waveform: the triangular waveform and ramp waveform (both the positive and negative ramps).
Finally a comparison of the sounds of the different electronic waveforms is given so that the differences can be heard.
For more information about electronic waveforms check out our web page: www.electronics-notes.com/art...
Function generators are able to generate these waveforms, discover more in our web page: www.electronics-notes.com/art...
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[@rahulnero2813]

Comparison 1. Sine: 8:16 2. Square: 8:19 3. Triangle: 8:23 4. Sawtooth: 8:27

[@urosrakic6900]

Very interesting. The best soundwaves, in my opinion, are square waves. They are fun and sound very rich. Next soundwaves are sawtooth waves. I also love them, since they also sound rich and serious like a square waves. Triangle waves are mediocre, since they are less rich and quieter. The waves I heavily dislike are sinewaves. Sinewaves are very boring, bland and weak. Also, when frequency of the sine sound is below 1 kHz, the hearing threshold starts to rise very slowly. To hear 100 Hz sinewave, the sound pressure has to be 25 dB. To hear 20 Hz sinewave, the sound pressure has to be 80 dB. And for 16,35 Hz (which is frequency of the tone C0), the sound pressure has to be 90 dB. This means that, in order to hear sinewave sound at low frequency, you have to turn your volume up, which increases risk for hearing damage and damage to the equipment. But with square and sawtooth waves, you can hear down to 1 Hz, since harmonics and overtones are here to help you hear the sound of extremely low frequency (or infrasound). This is why I prefer square waves and sawtooth waves.

[@ElectronicsNotes]

Very interesting summary. Thank you.

[@vvn2193]

sine wave is the best one

[@i_do_coding]

sine is the one you mostly hear in real life lol

[@colourbasscolourbassweapon2135]

@@ElectronicsNotes this makes me want to play with my moog grandmother tbh

[@EphemeralProductions]

I like square waves most. The "lead synth" sound used on many songs in the 70, starting with "lucky man" were all square waves with a little chorus and portamento thrown in

[@brentfisher902]

Or, "Why do retro video game soundtracks sound like that?" It's because of these waves.

[@ElectronicsNotes]

Probably because they have a limited number of sounds they can create. Making more musical tones would take a new skill set and the guys making the games are probably more focussed on the games themselves.

[@juliomedina5446]

You will really enjoy this video kzbin.info/www/bejne/boPVgqV3idOLjrs

[@alirezababaei4279]

Amazing video, Thanks for sharing such valuable information on KZbin!

[@ElectronicsNotes]

Glad you liked the video. Thanks for the comment.

[@creepercraftytT99]

How about the duty cycles of square (a.k.a pulse) waves, the sound can vary a lot between different "percentages", the most common are 50% waves (the normal square wave), 25% waves (where the square is like cut in half, then one of the halfes is removed, and 12.5% waves where the lenght of the square is divided by 4 __-- ___- ____- It's something like that, it's hard to represent them with underscores and dashes

[@ElectronicsNotes]

Good idea.

[@blondellemelinaatsafack9440]

Great comparison! Thanks

[@ElectronicsNotes]

Thanks for watching! Glad it was helpful.

[@ekaterina_markelova_eco]

Amazing, thank you!

[@ElectronicsNotes]

Glad it was useful.

[@naveensingh5787]

why waveforms differ ?how does energy reach to listner ear?

[@ElectronicsNotes]

The waveforms differ because of the different vibrations that exist either as sounds or electrically. These vibrations reach our ears as sound waves - they need to be converted from electrical signals to vibrations in the air by transducers such as earphones, loudspeakers etc. The vibrations in the air consist of successive compressions and decompressions of the air molecules in the same form as the type of vibrations. I hope this helps explain it for you.

[@ahmednor5806]

🙏💐💐💐

[@ElectronicsNotes]

Glad you liked it. Thanks for the comment.

[@Pauel3312]

I feel like I was scammed by KZbin compression for the context, I have an old scope connected to my PC's audio output bc I do oscilloscope music, and so I thought, why wouldn't I look at the signals there are on your video and apart from the sine wave, others don't look like what they should They sound like what they should, because they have the same frequency distribution, but they look awful...

[@ElectronicsNotes]

That’s interesting - I know the spectra of the signals are a little difficult to see because the trace is very thin and I can’t change it ( I use a USB scope) but I thought the shapes of the waveforms are ok. The spectra are also what would be expected, but not as clear as I would like.

[@Pauel3312]

@@ElectronicsNotes I don't mean the images, the images are fine and represent well the signals you want to show. I mean the sounds. The audio spectra are right, but as far as I can see, my scope gives me wildly different waveforms. I can send you pictures of what waveforms I get if you want.

[@jitendrasarkar5678]

আমি বাঙালি 💗

[@robertmclaren5711]

NERD! 😂 Joking aside this helped me Soooo very much.

[@ElectronicsNotes]

Glad you found the vid useful.