Electron transport chain ( ETC ) and Oxidative phosphorylation : Biochemistry Dr G Bhanu Prakash

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Electron transport chain ( ETC ) and Oxidative phosphorylation
Electron Transport Chain
Electron transport chain: uses NADH and FADH2 electrons (from glycolysis, pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, and the citric acid cycle) to form a proton gradient, coupled to oxidative phosphorylation, that drives the production of ATP
The ETC (electron transport chain) is composed of 5 multi-enzyme complexes, numbered I-V, that accept and donate electrons while molecular oxygen, O2, is the final electron acceptor
Mobile electron carriers, such as cytochrome c and coenzyme Q, shuttle electrons between various enzyme complexes of the ETC
Primary NADH electron transport system: malate-aspartate shuttle, which transports NADH electrons to complex 1 in the mitochondria.
Less commonly used NADH electron transport system: glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle
Theoretically: 1 NADH yields 3 ATP and 1 FADH2 yields 2 ATP (because FADH2 electrons are transferred to complex II, a lower energy level than NADH)
However, since NADH from glycolysis needs to be transported into the mitochondria and the mitochondrial membrane "leaks" protons, the actual yields are smaller
As electrons flow through the ETC, protons (H+) are pumped into the mitochondrial inter-membrane space → this creates an electrochemical protein gradient
ATP Synthase (Complex V): uses the electrochemical proton gradient created by the ETC to pump protons (H+) back into the mitochondrial matrix to produce ATP from ADP and Pi
Toxins that disrupt any component of the ETC disrupt the aerobic production of ATP → tissues that depend highly on aerobic respiration, such as the CNS and the heart are particularly affected
Amobarbital (known as amytal) and rotenONE bind to NADH dehydrogenase (complex 1) → directly inhibit electron transport
Antimycin A binds to cytochrome c reductase (complex III) → directly inhibits electron transport
Carbon monoxide and Cyanide bind to Cytochrome C oxidase (complex IV) → directly inhibit electron transport
Oligomycin (a macrolide) inhibits ATP synthase (complex V) by blocking its proton channel
2,4-Dinitrophenol and ↑ doses of aspirin increase the permeability of the inner mitochondrial membrane → ↓ proton gradient and ↑ oxygen consumption → heat generated instead of ATP (explains the fever generated following toxic doses of aspirin)
Thermogenin in brown fat is an uncoupling agent that disrupts the proton gradient → used to generate heat in animals
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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

📌 𝐅𝐨𝐥𝐥𝐨𝐰 𝐨𝐧 𝐈𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐠𝐫𝐚𝐦:- instagram.com/drgbhanuprakash 📌𝗝𝗼𝗶𝗻 𝗢𝘂𝗿 𝗧𝗲𝗹𝗲𝗴𝗿𝗮𝗺 𝗖𝗵𝗮𝗻𝗻𝗲𝗹 𝗛𝗲𝗿𝗲:- t.me/bhanuprakashdr 📌𝗦𝘂𝗯𝘀𝗰𝗿𝗶𝗯𝗲 𝗧𝗼 𝗠𝘆 𝗠𝗮𝗶𝗹𝗶𝗻𝗴 𝗟𝗶𝘀𝘁:- linktr.ee/DrGBhanuprakash

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Probably it's THE BEST video on KZbin on ETC

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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Ak lectures are more elanborated

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Not probably sure

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The topic becomes interesting when the teacher really wants the students to accumulate knowledge. And Bhanu Prakash is the best example🙏. Thank you sir

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Tysm

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This is the best best best vdeo on KZbin...i never see this much leve exolwntation vdeo on yt in thsi topic

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Thank you so much

[@chrischukwuma6469]

By far the best ETC explaination i have seen on youtube. As a biochemist the key to understanding the principle of ETC is havig good kowlegde of how redox potentials affect electron transport, and here is someone who took time out to lay that foudation. I have sent to so many of my friends having problems understanding ETC.

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Tysm 🙏🙏🙏

[@maharshi_patel071]

Great way of Teaching Through Diagrams and Animations...🔥

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Tysm

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

🙏🙏🙏 tysm

[@ALIMOHSIN]

I have watched tons of videos on ETP. This is by far the best video. Thank you so much for taking the time to educate us. Awesome

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Ur most welcome

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I really can't thank you enough sir .... such a tough topic to understand..yet u made it look so easy... this is best channel on KZbin 100%

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Thank u so much for your kind words

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Your body language is better than better

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Thanks sir For making such a tough topic so easy U r great teacher

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Thank you so much ...

[@premshing3153]

U safe my SDL for oxidative phosphorylation .. Thank u sir.. Wish u make others videos as well..

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Tq so much sir, actually I Was too Confused about it From my+2days!! I'm taking Medical coaching though I haven't understood it in My classes!! Actually ur way of teaching along with those diagrams is so PerFect!

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Tysm

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The level of brilliancy in this explanation is truly unmatched... Tysm Sir! 🙏🏻

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Tysm

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

TYSM

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Superb... Content sirji ... Most authentic & best explanation on u tube... For ETS CYCLE

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Thank you so much for liking

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thanks sir. u made ETC so easy for me..

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The best ever explanation for this topic. Thanks Dr. God bless you Sir.

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@hiteshraj1044]

Sir, I found you the best on yt for anatomy and biochem.... Thank you sir

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@_just_dreamer5560]

Thq sir just because of you I was able to clear ETC. I was really struggling to understand this.. 💜thq so much sir 🦋

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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Iam so thankful to you ;) Glad I found your video you just fitted the EtC in my mind God bless you a lot sir✨✨

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Glad it was helpful!

[@geethavc3564]

Thank you, very helpful

[@DactarSab]

May Allah reward u for this amazing masterpiece👍🏻

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Many many thanks

[@sanskritx]

Thank you so much for such a lucid and yet detailed lecture! ...i wish i had a teacher like you when i did medical school in 1986! ...ETC is the essence of life....and it is important & fascinating to try and understand it! Thank you once again...this is one of the best talks on the topic!

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Ur most welcome and thank you for watching

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Best video on ETC thank you sir

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Tysm

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Very well explaind sir..🙏

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Tysm

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You deserve a gold star.

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TYSM for appreciation

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excellent

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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Thank u sir...today I clearly got to know why it is 2.5 in case of NADH and 1.5 in case of FADH2

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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i want to thank for your effort and wish good luck for you .

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Glad you enjoyed it!

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Tysm

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best video on ETC

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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Super explained Ilanti explaination never before and ever after.

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Haha thank u so much

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Excellent lecture but to some extent technology made it easy to explain,,,thanku sir

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Thank u mam

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Thank you for this amazing content 🤩🙏🏻

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Our pleasure!

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Tysm

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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Best best best ✨✨

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Very neatly explained each step, i liked it. Thank you sir 🙏🙏🙏

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

You are most welcome

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Tysm

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Very very good lecture! Absolutely great

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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Thank u so much sir.i understand the topic clearly.

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Glad to hear that

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Wonderfully explained Dr.....

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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Best video I have ever seen.thank you so much sir ..I just awesome video...

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

Tysm

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Excellent sir.... thank you very much..👍👍

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wow.. mind blowing .... sir

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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Thank you

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Highly explainatory content easy to understand thank you so much sir god bless

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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tysm

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Thank u so much sir Gives this much complete explaination of this comlpecated topic Now I'm so familiar with this topic

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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Best Explanation ...

[@doctorbhanuprakash]

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Very clear explanation.. Thank you sir!!

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