Electronics for Audiophiles: Voltage and Current

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Audio Science Review

Audio Science Review

Күн бұрын

Пікірлер: 252
@mysock351C
@mysock351C 2 жыл бұрын
Nice to see a video that breaks down basic concepts that are generally poorly understood aspects of electronics by laypeople.
@a.h.d.h.2803
@a.h.d.h.2803 2 жыл бұрын
Yay! Basics! Now I'm a pensioneer I finally have time to spend on the physics/science behind the devices which have brought me so much pleasure when producing sounds I love so much. I'm now on a level of learning to know which properties are important. Basics and their correlation will teach me why they are important. Thank you Amir! More video's from you about basics will be much appreciated.
@nicksundby
@nicksundby 2 жыл бұрын
Superb, this is the antidote to hifi bs, more please
@kyron42
@kyron42 2 жыл бұрын
I'm glad I'm not the only electrical engineer/Audiophile to hoard power supplies.
@spocktordock449
@spocktordock449 2 жыл бұрын
Great level of explanation. I now have clarity on several basic principals after years with hi fi stuff.
@musicm8kr
@musicm8kr 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks Amir...I'm a civil engineer and kinda remember this stuff, but the refresher is definitely helpful.
@avro66
@avro66 2 жыл бұрын
Hi Amir. While serving in the Royal Air force back in the 90s I studied electronics although I was a aircraft fitter, and a hifi buff, it really helped me understand the workings of all things hifi. Thanks for a great KZbin channel I always look forward to seeing your reviews etc.
@circrna
@circrna 2 жыл бұрын
I like it a lot. We want to understand the basics so that more people appreciate the importance of measurements. Thank you.
@TheFilletingfish
@TheFilletingfish 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks Amir for sharing your wisdom. Your brief presentation of electricity came through crystal clear from someone that has a intermediate understanding. Please produce more videos and thank you for making your content so dense without unnecessary tangents probably the hardest part for you/anyone. Praise you Sir
@dillonsaudio
@dillonsaudio 2 жыл бұрын
Yeah exactly. ASR product reviews demonstrate the same high value! No audiophile buzzwords or imaginary claims. It's no wonder Amir has achieved great success....and I wish you all the best Sir!
@juanramon9162
@juanramon9162 2 жыл бұрын
Nice and instructive video, i would love to see more in the future for more advanced topics
@SithLurker
@SithLurker 2 жыл бұрын
Just want to say that I love all your work, but I find this "Electronics for Audiophiles" mini series especially useful. KUTGW!
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
Great to hear. Thanks.
@artetacarlos23
@artetacarlos23 2 жыл бұрын
I came about your videos looking for a quantitative 3rd party analysis of speakers, the only ones I've been able to find to do it are you and Erin. Thanks to your videos and the Audio Science Review forum posts I have learned more about sound engineering than I ever would have predicted without going to school for it. I'm fascinated by it all. I would greatly appreciate you continuing your educational content. I never would have imagined that I would fall into this very deep rabbit hole because I just wanted to find a good sound system for my living room.
@artetacarlos23
@artetacarlos23 2 жыл бұрын
And I don't mean that reviewers who don't do quantitative analysis don't know what they are talking about, but as a person who just started to get into the hobby, measurements are far more valuable and much easier to use to compare than descriptions of sounds.
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the comment. For my part, I want to make sure my desire to always explain topics doesn't go beyond what people want to hear! :) So the feedback is great.
@brikaf6001
@brikaf6001 2 жыл бұрын
Excellent idea, usually one has to pay for this type of instruction, thank you Amir.
@rickscheck5330
@rickscheck5330 Жыл бұрын
I’ve been an electronics “dork” for over 50 years including ham radio license (age 10) and 2 decades as an electronics technician- component level ( e.g. transistors, caps etc). I’m amazed that I learn something from even your most basic videos like this. I’m so happy to have found your channel. Every other channel was mostly a jumble of audio-phoolery, poetry and subjective junk. PS Audio and Audiphilliac I’m looking at you!
@samuelsalins8309
@samuelsalins8309 2 жыл бұрын
Most trusted coverage 👍
@richarddortch6122
@richarddortch6122 2 жыл бұрын
I really enjoy seeing other people's way of explaining these concepts! It helps when I'm trying to break down information for people with little to no knowledge on the topic.
@bernardmueller5676
@bernardmueller5676 Жыл бұрын
Great video. I like that you talk about the basics so we can understand more.
@roberttv7758
@roberttv7758 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you for this! Short but full of information that easy to understand.
@frederf69
@frederf69 2 жыл бұрын
I am grateful for your jargon busting videos, thank you.
@CobraChamp
@CobraChamp 2 жыл бұрын
What an excellent presentation! Thank you and isn’t it surprising that manufacturers don’t spend more time bragging about the real electronic strengths of their gear…
@peterwikvist2433
@peterwikvist2433 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you, Amir, for educating us. Much needed and appreciated.
@mikeeygauthier2959
@mikeeygauthier2959 2 жыл бұрын
Thx for this; reminds me of my grade 11 physics class in 1968 when I learned how electricity was made and an electric motor worked!! Will keep following for sure! Electricity can go around the world seven times in one second! Thx again.
@freeradical431
@freeradical431 2 жыл бұрын
I think we built electric motors and electro magnets in about the 6th grade. Washington in the 80s.
@mikeeygauthier2959
@mikeeygauthier2959 2 жыл бұрын
@@freeradical431 I’m talking about half a century ago! LOL
@freeradical431
@freeradical431 2 жыл бұрын
I think its interesting how the curriculum changes. I doubt they teach it anymore, unless you can wrap a wire around a nail and connect it to a battery,.......................... on a "smart" phone.
@MsSgent
@MsSgent 2 жыл бұрын
Just reverse everything from physics class. Electricity runs backwards for electrical engineers since Ben Franklin developed all the foundational EE equations and didn't have the physics basics and theorized electricity in reverse (it works out either way) and the two disciplines have never united.
@johnminassian4887
@johnminassian4887 2 жыл бұрын
Amir, this is very helpful; more please and thank you!
@Trump1776
@Trump1776 2 жыл бұрын
Love it very informative and easy to understand.
@sirblew
@sirblew 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for this video. Please do more of these as it helps fill the knowledge gaps for those of us amateurs who learn about electronics through ASR osmosis.
@SLCVideoProductions
@SLCVideoProductions 2 жыл бұрын
Nicely done Amir! Always good to see these kind of presentations.
@PeterComber
@PeterComber 2 жыл бұрын
Very valuable info delivered well. Thanks Amir
@kellmanmartinstainbank4920
@kellmanmartinstainbank4920 2 жыл бұрын
Excellent presentation. Thank you 😊 Would appreciate more.
@HandbrakeBiscuit
@HandbrakeBiscuit 2 жыл бұрын
Amir, you're a great guy and a huge asset to audio enthusiasts all over - it's important for consumers to know these concepts. Yet you've just ruined the sound of my hi-fi - I swear in the background I can now hear various makers of super expensive hi-fi amps and power supplies screaming *_"Nnnnnnnoooooooo!!!"_*
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
:)
@HandbrakeBiscuit
@HandbrakeBiscuit 2 жыл бұрын
@Listener - Audio Enthusiast Because a lot of the marketing and sales tactics they use rely on customers being ignorant. Music lovers having a fundamental understanding of basic concepts and how they apply to & the degree to which they affect audio equipment means we can better choose and judge what equipment to buy (or not buy at all, in the case of stupid things like power conditioners and special mains cords and so on).
@Lauren080508
@Lauren080508 2 жыл бұрын
Great educational video Amir; so kind from you to spread some of your vast knowledge in the field.
@graywyot
@graywyot 2 жыл бұрын
Lots of useful information. Hope you will make more videos like this. Thank you!
@sbailey101
@sbailey101 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you Amir for this video!! Yes please keep them coming and thanks for your hard work in managing ASR and fighting for the truth in all things audio. Much appreciated!
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
You are very kind. thank you very much.
@Tuco1965
@Tuco1965 2 жыл бұрын
Excellent informative video. Please share more videos like this. Great to learn more. Thanks!
@MrColdchillin81
@MrColdchillin81 2 жыл бұрын
Best video from you. Informative and useful. Appreciate this very much. Look forward to the full series
@Thoughtflux
@Thoughtflux 2 жыл бұрын
A great video! Please do keep them coming.
@GarrettWilliams-RoadHustler
@GarrettWilliams-RoadHustler 2 жыл бұрын
Loved it. There is so much I wish I knew more about. Thank you for spending your time helping me.
@erickxtrem7807
@erickxtrem7807 2 жыл бұрын
Great idea Amir. Thanks for sharing your knowledge, not many of the audiophile comunity are also related to electronics.
@erics.4113
@erics.4113 2 жыл бұрын
Yes 10x to these videos! In-room measurements and using REW would also be an interesting topic.
@johngutmanis3580
@johngutmanis3580 Жыл бұрын
I love learning about electronics! Please more information like this!
@gitech7450
@gitech7450 2 жыл бұрын
This is good just like all of your other content and all of the others content as long as it is all taken as educational. ;) Educational equals entertainment. For those who seek intelligence
@cityoflights3808
@cityoflights3808 2 жыл бұрын
Excellent! This will make a great playlist b your channel What a great idea for a series of videos. You are the perfect person to provide such tutorials, entertaining but factual and science based. Some comments from the most recent power cord review indicated that many “audiophiles” seem to have little to no understanding of basic principles of electricity, including what AC power actually is and how it works., let alone what happens inside the equipment as its regulated and turned into DC. Indeed, they don’t seem to u sweat and how their house wiring works. As you say, one doesn’t need a degree in the topic, just some fundamentals in order to understand what actually matters in audio devices and music reproduction, and what doesn’t.
@jeankazamer9166
@jeankazamer9166 2 жыл бұрын
Superb! I learned at least one thing out of every card !!! I believe this kinda of learning/edcuational on basic things is a must now . No stress, but they will be welcomed by all that is for sure ! Again much luv to Amir big boss of the quite revolution of audio LOL 😍
@stewartw99
@stewartw99 2 жыл бұрын
Hey Amir, great video, please do more of these electronics primers. Thank you very much for the time and effort you put into your web site and this channel. Surely it is one of the best sources of info that can be found anywhere on this. cheers Stewart
@RalfT-DE
@RalfT-DE 2 жыл бұрын
We are using in Germany and allover Europe the U for voltage which is coming from the latin word "urgere" (translated to English: "to urge") Anyhow we use Volt same as you as SI unit. Just for explanation. 🙂 This makes totally sense since voltage is urging into your device or your body (and can kill it or you when it is too much in combination with a certain amount of current) while current cannot do that without high enough voltage to overcome the resistance of your body first (as long you don't shortcut it - heat will be a problem in this case) since the device is just taking what it requires as long the source can deliver it. One more thing. Even so this video was to basic for me, I think it is extremely well done for people who have no technical background at all and are therefore an easy target for snack oil garbage. As always well done Amir. 👍🏼🙂 Thanks for all the effort you are spending for the music lovers community.
@4sale125
@4sale125 2 жыл бұрын
yay for more elementary electronics. in a future video tell us the formula for calculating the distance cables are needed to be off the ground and away from walls for earth-shattering bass, silky smoothy mids, and whipped cream highs. danke.
@robertyoung1777
@robertyoung1777 Жыл бұрын
This was great; brought back memories of high school physics class. Please do more about electricity and electrical components.
@DalKangh
@DalKangh 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks Amir. More like this please.
@thomasashley369
@thomasashley369 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks Amir, educational and insightful.
@johndavidson6433
@johndavidson6433 2 жыл бұрын
You did great job explaining this Amir. Know it would great to see you take on inductive reactance, capacitive reactance and resistance and impedance.
@prapor16601
@prapor16601 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for making this things a bit clearer
@DruNicholsMD
@DruNicholsMD 2 жыл бұрын
I'm starting to dable with creating my own circuits and this was very helpful! Thanks!
@hasanamin1032
@hasanamin1032 2 жыл бұрын
Great idea Amir. Please continue the series and perhaps a video on the knowledge of common electronic components and their testing procedure.
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks. Originally I was going to do it that way but then decided to cover this topic first. They are inter-related so figuring out the order is tough.
@ahmonge
@ahmonge 2 жыл бұрын
Great job, Amirm. Congratulations!
@mixxeerr
@mixxeerr 2 жыл бұрын
Yes please keep doing these videos... super informative.
@SlickBlackCadillac
@SlickBlackCadillac 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks Amir. Audiophiles are to EE what guitarists are to music theory. We need all the help we can get.
@fwabble
@fwabble 2 жыл бұрын
0.03s into the video - 'liked'
@johnwright8814
@johnwright8814 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for this, it's important information for audiophiles. The follow-up video could discuss the related topic of impedance. In the days where valve (tube) amplifiers were the only ones available, the output transformer had impedance taps for maximum power transfer to the loudspeaker, usually 4, 8, or 16 Ohms. I wondered whether tube headphone amplifiers would provide taps on the transformer, since headphone impedance varies much more than loudspeakers, usually between 32 and 600 Ohms. A manufacturer has now produced one, but the audio reviewer uses the taps to facilitate tone control adjustment. There is much discussion about which headphone amplifier will drive which headphone. I told them in comments what these numbers mean, but it falls on deaf ears. It would help their audience if they knew what they were talking about.
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks. Impedance is definitely to come.
@joentell
@joentell 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you professor. I appreciate these.
@plasticpippo201
@plasticpippo201 2 жыл бұрын
loved this video Amir! already looking forward to more of these
@jonekoo
@jonekoo 2 жыл бұрын
I agree with several comments about how it is quite reckless to claim that current is not dangerous. This is so very easily misunderstood, as is "voltage is not dangerous". I would add to the dangers of current vs. voltage discussion a couple of things: 1. DC and AC have different effects on the body. For AC the frequency is also important. 2. In electric cars, the electronics might operate at 400V or even 800V and the battery is capable of providing a huge amount of power (current for that voltage), so I would be very careful about talking "car batteries" and what they are capable of these days. :) Thanks for the otherwise nice educational video and all the other invaluable work on debunking audio myth!
@adriangoris2116
@adriangoris2116 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you for this lecture. I look forward to the next one.
@markwilson0077
@markwilson0077 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you! Yes do more videos like this please!
@philipppaulk
@philipppaulk 2 жыл бұрын
Proud to use U for calculating with voltages every day.
@nikosidis
@nikosidis 2 жыл бұрын
Thank you Amir. I like your educational videos.
@CodyMarion01
@CodyMarion01 2 жыл бұрын
Please do more. This is very useful.
@komhst
@komhst 2 жыл бұрын
Nice educational video!
@vkvedam
@vkvedam 2 жыл бұрын
Superb Amir, keep them coming and it's 'Fundamentals' 🙂
@HobbyTalk
@HobbyTalk 2 жыл бұрын
Loved this, thanks!
@saxon4065
@saxon4065 2 жыл бұрын
Understanding the basics helps the bigger picture. Thanks! I have never been able to hear the differences in certain "accessories" where other people do. Most of the time for me it seems to be a volume variance when it comes to well engineered components. Maybe my ears are actually my friends by saving me from wasting unnecessary money😀. Good components are expensive and well worth!!! but there is possibly a little funny business going on sometimes. Where to start drawing the line?
@Jorge-Fernandez-Lopez
@Jorge-Fernandez-Lopez 2 жыл бұрын
More countries than Germany use "U" in formulas for voltage, although unit is always "V". "V" for voltage variable is new to me. Example: U = R · I; for 4 Ω and 3 A, potential difference will be U = 4 Ω · 3 A = 12 V → U = 12 V. "v" usually means, while "V" capital letter is the unit, and "U" is the variable. It's like distance, we don't use M for distance, but "d" or any other letter. d = v · t = 3 m/s · 2 s = 6 m → d = 6 m. "m = 6 m" or "M = 6 m" would be weird.
@yonas04
@yonas04 2 жыл бұрын
And you americans dont usw A for current either
@dihydrotestosterone
@dihydrotestosterone 2 жыл бұрын
Even as basic concepts I need to stop and think about what you just said..... you are way smarter than me.... 😅🤣😂
@HelmutRockstroh
@HelmutRockstroh 2 жыл бұрын
Re the U vs V "confusion“ inGER. In EN the term "Voltage“ and esp. it’s abbreviation “V” is used synonymously with the Unit! “Volts” also abbreviated with a “V”. In GER the unit “V” is of course also used in keeping with international convention. BUT! instead of “Voltage” we use “Tension” (Of course in its GER form=“Spannung”) to indicate the physical entity. For us it actually AVOIDS confusion using “U” as you pointed out. Love your videos 1000👍! You integrate expertise and data with levelheaded sense while appreciating the personal/subjective elements. KUDOS 🖖
@StefanHoops
@StefanHoops 2 жыл бұрын
Furthermore: The symbol for voltage is U. The origin of this symbol is the Latin word „urgere“, which can be translated into English and means more or less to push or to force.
@Jorge-Fernandez-Lopez
@Jorge-Fernandez-Lopez 2 жыл бұрын
@@StefanHoops Spain, France, Switzerland also use U for the symbol or variable, and V for the unit. Otherwise, it will be a little odd, like using "m" (meters) for the symbol.
@carlosarques
@carlosarques 2 жыл бұрын
Very good job!!!
@deejay6083
@deejay6083 2 жыл бұрын
Amir, for velocity symbol is lowercase v. The origin of symbol U is the Latin word "urgere" (Alessandro Volta was an Italian physicist), which can be translated into English and means more or less to push or to force. Whole EU use U as a symbol for voltage. There is a couple of other good reasons for that too: 1. to distinguish symbol for voltage from unit Volt (V=2V vs. U=2V) 2. V is symbol for volume
@RalfT-DE
@RalfT-DE 2 жыл бұрын
Funny, it seems that both of us explained the U at the same time. 😉
@DescartesRenegade
@DescartesRenegade Жыл бұрын
In mechanical engineering, physics, materials science, quantum physics...all use the same symbols and letters. There's only so many to go around. They mean different things in different areas of study.
@kyron42
@kyron42 2 жыл бұрын
Passion for Sound told me power cables make a difference to the sound but then he's not an electrical engineer.
@nathandaniels4823
@nathandaniels4823 2 жыл бұрын
Good video. Just want to add that in some circles, Voltage is represented by “E” (electromotive force)….as in E=IR. Units are still represented with a “V”, however.
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
Yes, I have seen that notation as well. It is mostly used in electrical circuits as opposed to electronic.
@zachansen8293
@zachansen8293 2 жыл бұрын
cranking out the videos! Love it. I'd never heard of a wall wart that outputs AC - that's fairly uncommon, right?
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
They have certainly fallen out of favor in the last two decades. Still, a number of companies use them for their desktop products. Examples include Schiit Audio, JDS Labs and recently Topping. A number of phono stages come with them.
@kinasc1575
@kinasc1575 2 жыл бұрын
Many thanks for this Amir.👍
@syf13
@syf13 2 жыл бұрын
Would love a video that covers the nitty gritty details about output/input impedance matching (e.g. source to preamp to power amp). Particularly the scenarios that can lead to problems when pairing devices. A deeper dive into input sensitivity would also be helpful. Thank you for making these videos, and especially for the existence of ASR! It has been an incredibly helpful resource for better understanding the actual science that makes for great audio.
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
Impedance matching has been on my todo list. Had forgotten about it though so thanks for the reminder. :) And thanks for the kind words. Much apprecited.
@freeradical431
@freeradical431 2 жыл бұрын
We have been Gain matching in car audio for years. Class D stable to 1 or .5 ohms for years, clipping indicators for the last 5 years and for some reason the hifi realm hasnt or doesnt but thinks it should cost 100 times more.
@ericstefko4852
@ericstefko4852 2 жыл бұрын
This is great !!! It helps us understand the concepts of measurements. Would love to see more of this, For example some amps are more 3d than others what measurement / factor determines this. Therefore if this is a key attribute I would like to be able to look at a number of amp metrics to determine which one will give me that
@tombarber8013
@tombarber8013 2 жыл бұрын
A video devoted to the topic of voltage "sag" would be particularly useful. While it is a real phenomenon in specific scenarios, it is also used by some audiophiles to rationalize the purchase of amplifiers with current capability very greatly in excess of what is needed for the speakers or the headphones. When this is called into question, people who are convinced that more amplifier power invariably improves sound quality will often start talking about dynamic peaks and about the crest factor, etc. These also are perfectly real considerations, but the fact that they are real considerations does not mean that greater current capability for an amplifier will invariably improve sound quality. With respect to the concept of current limiting, Ohm's Law assures us that current is fully determined by load voltage and load impedance. This implies that if current is lower than the value that, according to some reason, it should be, this will occur if and only if the voltage across the load is lower than the value that, according to some related reason, it should be. A good and well-known example is what happens with batteries when they go bad. The intrinsic voltage of the battery often does not decrease by much when the battery ages or runs down. Rather, what happens is that the internal impedance of the battery, in series with load connected across the battery terminals, increases. When this occurs, the load's share of the voltage decreases because its share of the series resistance decreases. Additionally current will decrease due to the overall increase in the series impedance, however the current through the load will always be related to the voltage across the load in the manner required by Ohm's Law. Which is to say, load current will not decrease independently of a corresponding decrease in the load voltage. This is absolutely, universally true. Thus, in the case of an amplifier that responds to overload by reducing current and power, this is necessarily accompanied by a reduction in voltage, and as such, the question that begs for an answer is why this circumstance would be deemed to be expressly about the amplifier's ability to deliver current, as opposed to its ability to deliver voltage. If an amplifier does behave this way, the reason it does is probably that it is designed to behave this way. That is, there is circuitry that responds to high output current or to excessive heat buildup by reducing the voltage gain, thereby lowering the output voltage and, accordingly, the load current. If there is no circuity of this particular sort, what happens in this case, if output current is high and/or there is an excessive buildup of heat? If the amplifier goes into voltage clipping, this will lower the mean output voltage over time, which will lower the output current. Another possibility is that the amplifier does not tolerate heat as well as it should and begins to overheat with no voltage clipping. If the amplifier does not have the means to protect itself either by reducing the voltage gain or by shutting down, it would potentially sustain damage. Another possibility, though, that is sometimes brought up, is shrinkage of the DC voltage rails (+/-) provided by the power supply. (No Seinfeld jokes please.) If this actually happens, it would lower the threshold for voltage clipping, thereby having the aforementioned regulating effect. And this could possibly be done by design, as a self-protection mechanism, although it would be a decidedly inferior technique in comparison with reducing the voltage gain. The scenario that is interesting (because it is something that lots of people think happens), is that in connection with the depletion of charge in the filtering capacitors in the power supply, shrinkage of the voltage rails will occur naturally. (No Seinfeld jokes please.) To be honest I'm not certain whether this will or won't happen, but what I recall from a long time ago when I actually studied this stuff a teeny bit, is that what will happen when the capacitors don't have the capacitance they should have in order to deal with the load impedance and the output current, the ripple factor will increase. To my recollection, this is what is supposed to happen when the filter capacitors aren't up to the task. Yet people often talk about voltage sag on the DC rails when the filter capacitors aren't up to the task, with no mention of any increase in the ripple factor. I am disinclined to think that this is the correct way of understanding what happens in the scenario where the filter capacitors are not up the task. I've also read where people claim that you need to have expensive power cords in order that the filter capacitors will be able to do what they are supposed to, when the filter capacitors aren't able to do what they are supposed to do, again with no mention of increase in the ripple fact. This, to my way of thinking, is completely off the rails. This strikes me as something that could be answered fairly easily with help of an oscilloscope (once upon a time I owned one and I have no memory of what happened to it). Use the scope to display the rail voltage, and use a high-current variable resistor of some sort, in parallel with the speaker or headphones (or just the variable resistor without the real stuff), and watch what happens to the rail voltage when the load impedance is gradually lowered. Does the DC rail voltage gradually shrink, or does ripple appear? It would be interesting to do this with both a moderate quality amplifier and an expensive amplifier with the claim of high current capability, to determine whether what happens to the rail voltage is fundamentally different for different amplifiers, or whether the difference is merely a difference in the threshold (for load impedance) where the ripple exceeds some tolerance level. (Assuming that the amplifiers don't shut down or enter a protection mode before the ripple factor noticeably increases.) Personally I think this would be enlightening and I am hoping that Amir will be stimulated by what I have written, to do this or something similar. What exactly happens at the voltage rails when an amplifier is pushed to the limit or when the music presents the amplifier with a signal that has a high crest factor? Does the DC voltage actually shrink?
@DushkoKantardjiev
@DushkoKantardjiev 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks Samir for the clear disclosure of the fundamental concepts. As a follow-up related to what Tom was describing, it would be useful to correlate the concept of GAIN to the U and I source, and how all these interwork with the load impedance Z. Thank you again Samir.
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
Sure, I plan to cover impedance, gain, etc. in future videos.
@teashea1
@teashea1 2 жыл бұрын
A good video ---- good presentation style also
@angelgrant1609
@angelgrant1609 2 жыл бұрын
Good afternoon, and great videos, long time fan and subscriber. Question, I saw your review on the schitt Freya +. Can u please recommend a reference very good measured preamp with XLR connectors please. I’m looking for a super clean sounding preamp and have no ideas. Your thoughts ?
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks for the kind words and being a subscriber. If you want to stay with Schiit products, the Freya S would do nicely. See: www.audiosciencereview.com/forum/index.php?threads/schiit-freya-s-preamplifier-review.10960/ For a step up in performance you could get the Topping Pre90. See: www.audiosciencereview.com/forum/index.php?threads/topping-pre90-review-preamplifier.18283/
@MALAKASAM
@MALAKASAM 2 жыл бұрын
Looking forward to these videos.
@Finite-Tuning
@Finite-Tuning 2 жыл бұрын
Good stuff! ⚡ I would like to add that current and voltage are load dependent. You have 1000 watts per channel, but it can't go anywhere without the required load to demand that power! Lot's of people just don't understand, they have all this supposed power but it won't go anywhere unless they have a load great enough. Current drives voltage thorough resistance; But nothing moves without a load. Cheers 🍻
@FOH3663
@FOH3663 2 жыл бұрын
Current is load dependent, but voltage isn't necessarily. Also, "Current drives voltage thru resistance" Care to elaborate on that, or cite example?
@Finite-Tuning
@Finite-Tuning 2 жыл бұрын
@@FOH3663: Voltage won't go anywhere without a load, it's just present and that's it. Voltage also will not go anywhere without enough current to drive it. The simple act of trying to measure voltage can bring it down to zero if there is not enough current to support it. Since all conductors have resistance, voltage cannot move through the resistance if there isn't enough current to sustain the voltage. So the way I try to explain this to people is simply "Current drives voltage thru resistance". Make sense?
@FOH3663
@FOH3663 2 жыл бұрын
@@Finite-Tuning Is this an endless loop, chicken before the egg argument of causality? As I said, they're inextricably linked... Their product is key ...
@Finite-Tuning
@Finite-Tuning 2 жыл бұрын
@@FOH3663 : Clearly you're just looking for an argument. Good luck with that!
@FOH3663
@FOH3663 2 жыл бұрын
@@Finite-Tuning Hardly I'm saying stop, this is an endless loop. I do appreciate your presentation. fwiw.
@chefsteve8381
@chefsteve8381 2 жыл бұрын
You should bring out a book ...sure to be a best seller..
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks. Books are so hard for me to write. I wrote one once. I took me many months.
@petersierpinski848
@petersierpinski848 2 жыл бұрын
This was a great video and I'd like to see more. Reading through ASR I've begun to pick up a little understanding, but these videos will help a lot. A quick question. I have an old Quad 303 power amplifier (1967 build) for which the listed input voltage is 0.5v. My setup is a Topping e30 to a Quad 33 pre-amp, to the Quad 303 power amp. The Topping outputs 2v and I use inline attenuators (10db) between the DAC and preamp - because otherwise the volume is crazy at 2. If I were to get an Aiyima T9 - or other tube buffer amp with DAC - would I still need to use the attenuators between the buffer and power amps? I would to begin with but if one day I was feeling experimental, would I damage the power amp as the video says to use the voltage something needs and no more. Thanks.
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
It is a complicated thing to answer but I think you already know the issue. It all depends on the sensitivity of the amplifier and the type of volume control it has.
@b00m3rh4nd_sol
@b00m3rh4nd_sol 2 жыл бұрын
thank you great video
@EvilNui
@EvilNui 2 жыл бұрын
I would appreciate some understanding of electricity. My working theory is mystical gremlins, so I am all for this series! Thanks :)
@JC-eh5be
@JC-eh5be 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks Amir for this video. I cames across a website the other day in which it was mentioned how important is to "correctly plug" audio devices to the socket. "Shouldn't be an issue in the US/UK as in those countries there's only one way to do It but in many others, neutral and phase pins from the plug can fit 2 ways to the socket". The benefits (they say) are two: better protection for the equipment and audio improvement (better sound scene, more"open"....blah,blah,blah...). Don't think so but is there any logic behind this? Thanks!
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
I have seen those reports as well. There can be situations where you could get hum in one polarity vs the other (I have measured the difference at times). But that is the extent of the audibility. If you are not hearing such noise, then I would not mess with the polarity. On safety, such devices better be double insulated. Otherwise, they are dangerous either way.
@pedrocols
@pedrocols 2 жыл бұрын
Have you ever made a video on capacitor "break-in or burn-in"
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
I have not. But do plan on a video on capacitors.
@danielgeiger7739
@danielgeiger7739 2 жыл бұрын
Like it! I like that you start from rock bottom. I would not mind getting a bit more into the details. E.g. show a case where a device does NOT behave like an ideal voltage source, kind of a compare and contrast approach. Also a bit more details about switching power supplies would be nice. I can see that by increasing frequency of the AC you can smooth out the valleys, and omit the capacitor. How far do those go? From 60 Hz to 1 kHz, 40 kHz, 1 MHz? Or is a time delay done on overlapping 60 Hz waves? Could yield similar results, but may also cause interference peaks. Any relationship to Nyquist limit? That sort of thing. I have no clue about electronics, just a biologist. I do know the 4-diode Graetz circuit, but that's about it. You threw in primary and secondary windings in your transformer explanation. That may need a bit of explanation for some folks (no problem for me). I know it is so hard to explain things in your area of professional/research expertise to a GE audience. It is much harder than talking shop to colleagues, everybody rolling jargon. So thanks for doing this.
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
All good suggestions. Let me finish a first pass of all the basic components and then we can build on them to cover th concepts you mention.
@wyup
@wyup 2 жыл бұрын
I would like more info on matching impedance: output impedance in dacs and input impedance on amps, how it affects the signal. Is it similar to headamp output impedance and headphone impedance that you mention? Also the concept of load impedance.
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
Definitely a topic to cover in my todo list. In general, you never, ever want to match impedances in audio! Doing so causes power loss and no benefit. You want the source to have the lowest impedance and target, highest although a 10:1 ratio is good enough.
@TheAshimaru
@TheAshimaru 2 жыл бұрын
So what the meaning of 3.6V-6.5V? Is it safe to use for 5V device?
@adrianmorrish8494
@adrianmorrish8494 2 жыл бұрын
Thanks Omar/anyone else kind enough to reply, very helpful and an area I am still fuzzy on not being an electrical or electronic engineer or even a dangerous amateur. I have the most issues with low impedence planars for headphones, so a lot of the ifi Zen level equipment seems to have issues with low impedence devices, I have heard this described as current starved. What is the design principle that causes this I.e. they can often drive high I pedence headphones but connect an 8ohm or lower headphone and ey struggle unlike my other amps.
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
The fact that the impedance is "low" (generally anything less than 50 ohm) means that the amount of current limits power, not voltage. A good headphone amp has both current and voltage so you can drive a huge variety of headphones and not worry. On the other hand, some headphone amps like tubes can only deliver voltage and do poorly with low impedance headphones. I will do another video on this topic in the future.
@DrBroncanuus
@DrBroncanuus 2 жыл бұрын
so it's AC into an AMP...gets rectified to DC...then gets converted to AC before going to the speakers...and the power supply is most vital component of a good amp...is this correct ?
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
Yes. The final AC though is modulated by your music source. Your speakers will get destroyed quickly if the amp output is DC! Indeed amplifiers usually have a protection circuit to detect DC and shut off the output.
@donalddluckerii3147
@donalddluckerii3147 2 жыл бұрын
I've already stated this but I don't see the comment. It is not crucial to provide the exact voltage or current to many , many different devices. It is common practice in residential and commercial installs to use 1 universal power product with a budget that is greater than the devices may need. We use P.O.E. injectors for the wireless access points, I.P. cameras and keypads we install. The P.O.E. injector is 48v. The access points require the 48v but the cams and the keypads do not ,yet they all work. this is because they simply draw the power they need to work. Under power any of these devices and they won't work properly or at all, but generally products will pull the power they need.
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
Good point.
@webmarketing40
@webmarketing40 2 жыл бұрын
Hi Amir! Thanks again for your job. I have a power supply issue with my small headphone dac/amp powered by pc usb (power + data). When I connect/disconnect it to the pc usb or when sometimes I launch an app, I listen an uncomfortable bang noise. i saw in AliExpress a small board that announces correct this issue, but because I´m a nerd in this issue, I´m not sure if it will help me. (USB Power Filter Noise Eliminator USB anti-interference filter board for Amplifier PC computer Power purification) Thanks.
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
Hi there. Thanks for kind words. I have tested a number of such noise eliminators and none do anything useful. If you are going to try one, get it from some place with easy return.
@saieva
@saieva 2 жыл бұрын
I think is confusing to describe voltage in terms of alternating current or direct current (AC/DC), it’s not called alternating voltage or direct voltage. I’ve understood voltage to be electrical pressure and current to be electrical flow. Is that the way you think about it? Can you say more about this difference in a future vid?
@AudioScienceReview
@AudioScienceReview 2 жыл бұрын
No we don't. In Engineering we use our own convention and talk about it the way I did. How it actually works is immaterial if it correctly describes the operation of the circuit. To wit, in engineering we say current flows from positive to negative where in reality is the other way around.
@kongwee1978
@kongwee1978 2 жыл бұрын
Conventional driver are current driven component. Yes you need the voltage to drive current up. The current magnetic field to move the drivers. Unless the driver is ESL, a step up transformer to change the current into much higher voltage. ESL act like a capacitor.
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