Homemade BMS - Balanced LiPo Charger Multiple Cells and Current Limit

[@tom95076]

This project made me rethink my setup with an Adafruit solar charger. For my timemachine project to run longer using an Arduino Pro at 3.3v. I placed two Lipo Batteries in Parallel to have the same output of 3.7v with a larger running time or capacity when the sun was gone. I noticed the second battery drained more than the second battery once I place them in a commercial charger. Seeing your animations and showing single and multiple charging methods I now feel better about learning what are my mistakes. Thank You for sharing and keeping up on all the great content. Not everything is applicable but as makers we must learn from each other to share our project. Awesome overview and great tips. You are always setting the bar higher and higher for all makers.

[@ELECTRONOOBS]

Arduino Course LEVEL 2 (Spanish): bit.ly/2ZNWgqy Follow me on FACEBOOK for more: facebook.com/Electronoobs Help me on Patreon: www.patreon.com/ELECTRONOOBS

[@Undermada]

Probably one of the best videos I've ever saw with explanation of BMS! Thank you!

[@JohanDegraeveAanscharius]

I read A LOT of explanations about BMS and to really understand it well, this is really the best. I let it rest overnight, asked myself questions, and looked at it again. Really, very very very best explanation out here!!

[@jackwilliams2010]

I've watched a few bms videos before this. I have to compliment on how well you explain how this works and how to build your own. You are very underrated and deserve more recognition. 5 stars!

[@ELECTRONOOBS]

Thank you very much!

[@davadoff]

If you put in a cell charged to 4.2v, but circuit was tuned to 4v or lower, wouldn’t it completely short out the cell? (at least till it reached 4v or lower)

[@len8752]

Great Video! I've been subscribed for the longest of time, but every now and then, you just publish more and more explanatory and informational videos that go briefly into the problems were are trying to solve step by step, stage by stage. Thank you so much! 6/5 Starts

[@Clark-Mills]

Error: The output of R2, R1, R10 voltage divider at 5:00 is supposed to feed into the Ref pin of the TL431 with Anode to negative and cathode to the BD140. If you just swap the AN/REF labelled pins on the schematic you should be right.

[@mahargha_debnath]

bro have you tested your circuit please tell me it'll be a great help

[@suzznshkya1098]

So the reference pin of tl431 must be between R1 and R2 resistor?

[@Induwara-Perera]

Yeah bro, I also saw there is a mistake, after i fix that issue it almost works fine, but i recommend others to use 22k and 1k resistors for that voltage divider connected to tl 431 ref pin cause the ref input voltage is higher when you use two of 20k resistors.

[@alexvanstaden6734]

I also found that out after struggling setting the TL431. Good observation

[@waltercortescarvajal7254]

Hi, would you be so kind as to share the corrected plan, with the values of each component, thanks

[@DrJALAGHARI]

What an easiest way to explain the difficult concepts. Amazing.

[@Eduardo_Espinoza]

True, this is honestly why i stopped electric builds years ago

[@stevenA44]

I've watched quit a few of your videos and I just decided to subscribe. I've seen a lot of the things you make that might come in handy in the future.

[@VrumsAdventures]

I am sorry if this was mentioned before but the datasheet for LM317 has an application specifically for battery charger. You can put the current limiting resistor at the output before the voltage divider that sets the output voltage... and since the current limiter will be pretty much >2 orders of magnitude less than the resistors in the divider, it shouldn't affect the output voltage. You save 1 LM317 this way :)

[@vtorsi610]

Great Idea ! Or use a Buck Converter with adjustable voltage and current regulation built-in

[@SocialPerspective101]

Can you elaborate on this?

[@VrumsAdventures]

@@SocialPerspective101 on what? I don't think links are accepted in YT comments (unless they're made to your own video) ... but I can try if you tell me which part you want me to elaborate on.

[@SocialPerspective101]

@@VrumsAdventures current limiter will be > 2 orders magnitude... I did not get this part

[@VrumsAdventures]

@@SocialPerspective101 I believe it's easier to try and link you to the application. The LM317 datasheet has at chapter 9.3.6 the battery charger application I am talking about. There's the voltage divider that sets the CV part and the series current limiting resistor (Rs) that will set the max value for the charging current to your CC desired value. The CC part will not really be CC, but the current being drawn will not drop significantly during this time (it will drop with (Vbat - 1.25)/R1 and Vbat increases as the battery is charged). The CV part will stop the battery voltage from rising above the desired (usually 4.2V) value. Rs is more than 2 orders of magnitude (or 100 times) less than R1 or R2... and as such it will not significantly decrease the desired output voltage set by the divider (R1 and R2). If it's close to R1 and R2 than you're either limiting the current a lot or wasting it through the voltage divider... or both and you're setting yourself up for a hard calculation and less than optimal result. I hope this is more clear :)

[@ShivamKumar-rp8kr]

I understood it well. Thanks for the simple explanation and animations. Loved it. ❤️

[@power-max]

Nice build! I am looking to build a BMS for a huge build with 1000 or more 18650s I have on hand. This circuit does have quite a few important limitations though: No under voltage protection No over temperature protection No over current protection. The DIY project could be massively improved with the use of a low power microcontroller for each cell monitoring the voltage and using galvanically isolated (optocouplers) in a token ring or CAN network to transmit data back to a more powerful MCU that manages the series string. Active balancing is harder for sure. I have one idea involving using lots of gate drive transformers and implementing small basic forward converters for each cell to dump energy into a shared AC square wave bus, but have yet to get it to work right in LTspice.

[@vtorsi610]

This is the CHARGING "half" of a BMS. This does not have the LOAD "half" of a BMS ( load over-current & under-voltage ). He made that very clear at the beginning of the video.

[@Brian_Of_Melbourne]

Look at Adam Welch's channel kzbin.infovideos and search for 'diyBMS'.

[@ventingMedia]

Can I get the circuit

[@gkdresden]

A very nice BMS circuit for smaller LiPo, Li-Ion oder LiFePO batteries. The advantage of the circuit is, that you can easily cascade the circuit for your desired s-number and you can charge it with a power supply which delivers enough current and a few volts more than required. The disadvantage is the power loss, but for smaller Cells it is quite useful.

[@mehdikhan]

Nice for understanding the concept of charging but there are very low-cost chips to the same thing with much more effencency.

[@akhilsubhash7644]

right

[@orwellophile]

But they all charge to 4.2v, which is sub-optimal for battery life. This circuit is great for battery packs you don’t use much, and would otherwise just zero out eventually

[@AndriiBilous]

Nice project! The point you dont need to use 2 LM317 to limit U and I. I faced to this case as well. There is a scheme that allows to do this with one LM317. The scheme is mentioned as Load Regulation in the datasheet. Anв as usuall you need to use addшtional transistor for hight current.

[@thalavalikaran262]

May I know how can we replace the loads from the diode to the motor in this circuit, can just replace all diodes with single 12V motor for 3s bms?

[@maungmaungtint8572]

I had to build this circuit. Good working . Thanks a lot for your sharing of experience.

[@officializm4171]

Very informative content. Dispelled many confusions. Thanks.

[@backdemoletor4654]

Finally another great video to watch

[@ricardosanchez1638]

Excellent! Bravo bravo, great presentation!!

[@jstro-hobbytech]

What an awesome circuit and I actually have all the components except the battery box but I could just print one

[@artursmihelsons415]

Mmm.. LM317 old school, that always works and is tested for decades.. 👍 431 references is used even in cheap BMS modules for batteries and ultracap's from China.. Great video!

[@mickeyfilmer5551]

excellent ! concise ,informative and articulate !

[@찌리릿-g8n]

7:02 What is that blue element in the circuit ? I wonder what it does in the circuit.

[@user-kf7yc2fo2k]

Good Day is there any problem with the circuit? Can i ask since we are having trouble adjusting the potentiometer. Is there any corrected schematic and instruction on how to adjust the potentiomer? Do i need to adjust the potmeter without connecting the lm317?

[@ohmslaw6856]

I have constructed this circuit and i have found just a few issues, but the circuit does work pretty good. My battery was 280mAh battery, datasheet called for a standard of 58mA charge, or max charge of 280mA.. i chose 58mA.. estimated charge time ~ (280/58mA) = 4.8 hours Because I have a power supply i figured I would skip the lm317 voltage regulation and simply use only one lm317 for CC and just use 4.2V from power supply for the input.. the issue with the lm317 in current mode is you can't use 4.2V input supply because the output will not provide CC at the given 4.2V output.. it states on datasheet of headroom around 3V or soo.. So i decided to use both lm317 for voltage and current.. like the circuit diagram shows but only CC comes first then Voltage regulation.. IMPORTANT you must have power supply 3 volts above battery level.. so for a 4.2V lipo i put a supply of 7.5V into the CC lm317 input and connected the output into the input of a lm317 in voltage mode.. with an output of 4.2V.. only needed 60mA.. P=(7.5-4.2V)(60mA)=200mW.. lm317 isn't even hot I could have used only one lm317 in both constant voltage and current.. but would have been bigger headache in calculations because of output impedance Also Iref into the tl431 is too low.. around 8mA is recommended.. for the voltage divider i used resistor values of 212.2 ohms for R1 and 313.5 ohms for R2.. this will provide more stable reference of exactly 4.2V I monitored my batteries voltage and current throughout the whole charging process.. the current started at my selected max current limit of 60 mA.. the battery voltage slowly rised.. once i hit around 4.19V the current slowly slowed down to 0 amps.. then the transistor opened and the battery stopped charging.. so the circuit does provide CC charging and CV charging.. the closer the battery gets charged to the supply voltage then obviously a trickle charge to 0 amps will occur.. Overall was a great learning circuit.. learned alot about tl431 and also lm317...

[@Eduardo_Espinoza]

idk, I'm gonna take another 5 year break of electronics

[@SocialPerspective101]

How about the scenario where max input voltage is limited to 14.7 volts?

[@valteroscarjentsch]

Faz tempo que estava procurando um circuito como esse. Muito bom. Interessantes explicações. Congratulações!

[@sebastianelcaio8040]

Amigo, que buen proyecto!!!! muchas gracias!!!! saludos desde Argentina GENIO

[@radosawwalczak9630]

Hi, good stuff. But you make one mistake in your schematics. Current limit must go first, after that voltage regulation. If voltage regulation have to give 4.2V, then you need to add another 2V for LM317, then you need to add another 1.25V + 2V, which means power supply must be at least 4.2 + 5.25 = 9.45V or more.

[@SocialPerspective101]

Can you please explain why the additional voltage is required?

[@alexandrprodanFOTO]

all voltage regulators have a voltage drop ( eg. 0.7 V for SI semiconductor jonction ), for LM317 is safe to use Vin-Vout at least 3V so no way to use 5V for one lithium cell that requires 4.2V.

[@alexandrprodanFOTO]

I ment Linear Voltage Regulator as LM317 is.

[@reptiloidx8942]

Hey man . I got 60v li-ion battery pack for my powerful electric scooter and i got charger that seems to be overcharging the battery pack to 64v plus and it doesnet stop . Wheni asked the seller he said i can charge it all the way to 72v 😐which i think its hazard high alert 😬so tell me what is the maximum recharge voltage please ? Thank you

[@schetenwapper6591]

Why use diodes as a load instead of just a high power resistor?

[@user-ih3kk8lh1v]

Nice video! What benefit is there to using this circuit over just putting the diodes in parallel with the battery?

[@captivator13]

Awesome content, Thanks bro :) Sam 🎵✌🏻

[@yourigauthier290]

What should I change in this BMS design to make it work with a 2S2P configuration?

[@hoofheartedicemelted296]

This is awesome sir. Is it possible to build such a circuit with 12v batteries in mind and how would the components change accordingly? Thank you.

[@MrKedrik]

Hi thank you it was very clear and very nicely explanatory. However I have still have a question. Is this homemade BMS protects cells from short circuit ? As far as I understand, we saw only the "charging" side of the BMS, nothing related to the "discharge", when the battery is connected to the load. Am I wrong ? If so, it would be nice to have some info about that topic as well. Thank you so much.

[@riccardoprivitera1984]

How can you put in parallel to the battery a 4.2 V voltage regulator if the transistor closes at 4.2V?

[@sohamgaud7120]

Sir i want to sometimes use it for 2s battery charge and sometimes for 3s battery charge so can I use the same circuit for 2s and 3s battery charge ?? PLEASE REPLY SIR 🙏🙏🙏🙏😇

[@vtorsi610]

Yes, I believe that a 3S Charger will work with only two (2) Cells installed, with the third bay empty.

[@judahosuigwe]

Thanks so much for this video Sir. Please I am working with a 5s battery setup, what are the changes I will have to make for an efficient charging.

[@inventorkr1]

Great video my friend👉❤️

[@BorisSiber]

Thank you. May the force be with you :)

[@rolandoreytorfonseca3112]

Excelente proyecto! Muchas gracias desde Cuba

[@sohamgaud7120]

Hi sir very good video and explanation I understood whole video except 1 part and that is why you have connected 5 resistors of 10 ohms in series ?? [PLZ REPLAY 🙏 ]

[@nalinux]

Pay attention, there are several quite similar 431. The TL 431 pinout is Ref Anode Cathode, while the LM431 is Cathode Anode Ref or Cathode Ref Anode It's a mess ...

[@kumar-np8dm]

Can we measure air core inductor(lower value for rf projects) by a cheap 15$ lcr meter(4070lcr meter)? Please answer me.

[@aymanmostafa7230]

Thank you. I have benefited from your explanation, but I have a question: why 4 diodes and not one?‏‪

[@ronostrenski8359]

Thanks. Built a 5S version and works well.

[@vobinhthu5299]

This project is very good!

[@greatrespect1549]

Your intro is great.

[@pdanayal]

Excellent bro .what a valuable circuit. Like it .

[@БидонКадыкавич-х2ц]

Very understandable. Bit what aboit parallel battery configuration?

[@alexfed2680]

09:04 both circuits with LM317 may be combined to obtain and voltage and current limitation using only one LM317. No need to use TL431, external PNP and other stuff. Don't thank me.

[@EctoMorpheus]

Okay, no thanks to you

[@vtorsi610]

@@EctoMorpheus And your "REF" and "AN" pins are REVERSED at time @4:59. Re-check your schematic drawing !

[@doguscanturkes3875]

can it use for lifepo4 batteries? Should I use by adjusting to 3,6v the zener diode?

[@036_ridhoakbarilahzaim6]

Instead of using LM317, why don't we use a buck or boost converter to stabilize the voltage?

[@IgorSantarek]

This is great explanation!

[@JohnDoe-xv1se]

Really enjoyed the explanation. Thanks. Love to see a more efficient example (for minimal heat dissipation). BTW: has anyone seen a protection, balancing and charging solution for four 3.7V 500mAh LiPo batteries in "parallel" and in circuit? Protection, balancing and charging, without removing the batteries. Every battery management IC manufacturer offers 1S and multiple series solutions, in circuit and out, but I can't find one offering an "in parallel in circuit" solution. What gives?

[@creativecityis]

All bms regulate cells to 4.2v… with this setup I could charge to 80% and double the life cycle

[@keeptrying7640]

I'm not a electric engineer in getting the bill done do you have a site where I can try it out

[@keeptrying7640]

And also can I change the value to a lower voltage

[@jehirulislam3047]

My battery is 3.7 v .is it workable

[@youseff500]

@@jehirulislam3047 yes. That's its nominal voltage. He explained in the video that the output voltage will drop to 3.7v. All lipo cells are 3.7v.

[@ddmaster6994]

Diagram?

[@thomassorensen7907]

Hi Is it a normal voltage source that is charging the battery @ 6:29? I just dont see how the diodes will limit anything through the battery when battery and diodes are connected in parallel?

[@thomassorensen7907]

@Andrej Malik I dont think I understand the schematic then. If you have an ideal voltage source, then you can put whatever in parallel. If that is the case, I dont see what the diodes or any other circuit would do?

[@vtorsi610]

@@thomassorensen7907 The transistor will start turning-on and it will BYPASS just enough of the charging current around the cell and into the diodes, to maintain a constant 4.2 volts per the LM431. It is the LM431 that senses the 4.2 volts and it turns-on the transistor, as needed. The diodes are just a "dumb" LOAD, just like a resistor.

[@thomassorensen7907]

@@vtorsi610 Ok so it is a current source. Missed that part.

[@vtorsi610]

@@thomassorensen7907 Correct, at 4.2 Volts the LM431 will turn-on the BJT just enough to BYPASS the 600 milliamps of charging current. The BJT will then dissipate 50% (1.25 Watts) and the three diodes in total will dissipate the other 50% (1.25 watts) = 2.5 Watts of max dump load, to keep the cell at 4.2 volts. I would replace the 3 diodes, with 3 resistors. And I would select their resistance, such the transistor runs much cooler. I do NOT like running transistors or diodes "HOT". Resistors are the perfect dump load - not semiconductor components. For longevity, semiconductors must run cool.

[@shivamvaid601]

It's good. Not highly efficient but works in a jiffy.

[@МобилиславОткосилантий]

Высококачественные видео, у этого гениального парня! и почему то , так мало лайков? Ау люди проснитесь, ваш лайк - это уважение автору видео , за его труд.

[@WagonLoads]

I have a question/suggestion for a video idea... I saw a video from someone showing how to use a 2.7volt 500F super capacitor for a spot welder for LiPo batteries.. But they never explained how to properly charge the cap without going over it's rated voltage. Can you do a video showing how to make it the right way?? A proper Super Cap charging circuit... to be used as a spot welder. Thanks!

[@venom_ftw9316]

Thank you so much for this. What about for Parallel cells?

[@짱짱맨-r6e]

How can i know the accurate resistivity value for limiting charging voltage? Because i wanna use static value resist instead of potentiometer. And thanks for helpful video

[@keeptrying7640]

I bought a Daly BMS a long time ago and I can't say I'm happy with it cause it makes one battery go over voltage I got lifepo4 will your BMS work for me . I'm using the batteries for a solar system on my house

[@olaleyejoshua949]

Good 1. Thanks for sharing the knowledge.

[@Noxoreos]

The nominal voltage of most lithium cells is actually 3.7V and not 3.8V. The latter is called "HV". The higher ones go up to 4.35V and not 4.2V. But there are also some older cells that are only 3.6V nominal and they end at 4.1V. So be careful and check the writing on the actual cell. If there is no nominal voltage written on it, then check the part number or don't charge higher than 4.1V if in doubt. Better safe than sorry with lithium batteries.

[@LimbaZero]

Should that voltage regulation be after current limiting. In LM317 datasheet recommends 3V headroom. Some examples for 50 mA charging it recommends Vbat + 4.25V (Vref + headroom) for input voltage.

[@ELECTRONOOBS]

hmm I did not think on that. Thanks for this tip, I'll look into that!

[@Brian_Of_Melbourne]

@@ELECTRONOOBS Also, there's a voltage drop of 1.25 V across the current sensing 2 Ohm resistor, how is that taken into account?

[@freshersofbose456]

commercial bms also has over discharge protection and balance discharge features.

[@dharmakissoon]

hey great vid mad props. can this that lead battery charger?

[@shafeeqahamed3669]

Hey, is there any possibility to add a fuel gauge to the circuit , so that I can check the remaining charge in the battery ? like through a seven segment display ??

[@BesbesCat]

Hello. I can't seem to get this circuit working right. Not sure why we need the voltage divider at the anode, It drops the voltage at the potentiometer. Tried running the zener without the divider and only the pot, It holds the voltage correctly at 4.16v but now I am getting negative voltage at the emitter of the transistor. Also I am very new to this. Your circuit seems helpful. I live in a country with import restrictions and I am trying to build battery packs for our daily dose of electrical outages. Thanks for your video. would appreciate if you could help me with this.

[@pagliacci7430]

Look into the datasheet of the tl431, it's supposed to have a voltage divider at the ref pin as this is the one that controls how much voltage will at the output (cathode), the anode should go to ground.

[@PintaoLoko]

I have a question.i have some lipo here that no matter how long they charge they never reach 4.20/4.25 volts. I was wondering how to make a circuit to show the battery is not charging properly. Maybe use some circuitry based on time lapse. Do you have a. Idea? Just one more question: how to add a temperature control based?

[@ramesesmoses1741]

what can you recommend for it to work on 48 volts system 200 ah life04 battery with balancing current up to 6 amps? thanks and great video.

[@josedasilva4904]

Excellent BMS explanation, congrats!. I only have NPN transistors, how will the circuit be? Thanks a lot.

[@BeetleJuice1980]

If we use a 5s bms we need a constant current source? Bms has protections but it's not a charger so I guess we must use a constant current power supply to every bms?

[@purvr4626]

this looks interesting, can we replace the BJT with P-ch mosfet? also is the ref pin supposed to connect to negative of batt or its just a error on the diagram?

[@Mega-24]

Hola buenas, muy buena idea y video, quisiera saber si puedo utilizar el LM336 en lugar del TL431 y que modificación tendría que hacer?Desde ya muchas gracias!

[@stefanb.933]

hello. Can I use IRF instead of BD? do you have a scheme with NPN transistors?

[@jerjer4150]

i understand it a little but now how to set it up with say 12 single cells that are in 3s groups but in parallel with the other groups so 4 total in parallel. can you just connect the bms in parallel with each row of 3s?basically instead of one 3s how to run with a pack of 4 (in parallel to boost cap)??please help and thanks.

[@jitencaleb7075]

Good job... But suppose I want to have the solar panel supply an the input voltage from 12 to 18v and want a 12 volts output

[@John_Smile]

Thanks so much for the idea. Have we seen how the upper threshold is limited (4.2 V), but haven't we seen how the lower threshold is limited (3.2 V) ?

[@John_Smile]

Do you know a place where you can buy parts for a BMS ? I would buy too!

[@Guttfried]

Can you also use it to charge a battery pack (5p connection)? So not each one individually but all together.

[@clarencementor4862]

Can you explain how to make the the JLBC circuit board with the template and solder paste?

[@muhammadbilal2000]

Hi, I need to know that how important are the 20k resistors an 20k trimpot? Can I use 10k resistors and a 10k pot instead? Also, what can I use a resistor instead of the 4 diodes? If yes, what value? TIA

[@feliperoque18]

Nice explanation, but i was wonder how its possible in my case i make a 3s2p bms circuit? i'm having a lot of doubts about this topic, one of them is how i will make this kind of circuit and why only bms are sells with 3s, 4s, 5s options instead of 3s2p, 4s2p and soo on...

[@jstro-hobbytech]

I know that keysight dmm is over a decade old but it's timeless. I love it. It must be 4.5 digit is it?

[@laszlowinkler2595]

Just a question : does it possible to leav this circuit on the cells - I would like to install into an RC transmitter and can not remove it when the charging process finished ?

[@Seu_Lunga]

Maybe you could improve by using an opamp to compare total output voltage to input and cut the charge

[@fiandaja2594]

Thank you for the circuit explanation

[@ricardosanchez1638]

How would you design a 144V battery BMS. Not sure you can simply add more batteries and listed components? Some of the components would require different component types to be able to work with potentially 185Vdc in a 120Vac standard system. Thanx again for your presentation. Learned lots from it.

[@AdamTheBot]

Inductive loads might not work.

[@sohamgaud7120]

SIR can it work with 9 volt as input power ❓❓❓❓ PLS REPLY🙏🙏🙏🙏

[@vtorsi610]

Each LM317 requires an additional 3 volts, above the (1S, 2S, 3S) Battery Pack voltage.

[@sohamgaud7120]

@@vtorsi610 Then will it work ?? with 9volt 🙏🙏

[@vtorsi610]

@@sohamgaud7120 Can you compute this formula? Minimum Input Voltage = 3v + 3v + ( #cells x 4.2 volts )

[@mrDarksand]

Very interesting, does this mean that if i want my cells to stop charging at 3,9 or 4v, that i can just adjust the potentiometers?

[@Iamsuccesspro]

Yes

[@rikb.7772]

I wonder if there is a video on a much more efficient charger?

[@EpinceKopiO]

The CC doesn’t work very well as the headroom space for maximum current for LM317 is too large, the battery must be in 2.7V just for it to be in CC mode, which is too low for any lithium ion battery. Am I doing something wrong or is the designed flawed ? Calculation - Vout plus 1.25V ref + 3V headroom for the mode to be in CC

[@unglaubichuberlieber8048]

thanks, one question, would this work if one mix cells with different ah ???, and please stay healthy !!! and continue with your work in lithium battery cells !!!

[@bartholomewkottey7230]

Good teacher! Please I need the full picture and diagram for two or more cells. The explanation is perfect! Thanks God bless you

[@michaelpagalis1397]

In voltage protection circuit ( if the cell is full charge the circuit will bypass with 4 diodes) so the 12v input will go directly to the second cell and damaged Is that correct?

[@mikeghfawaz4547]

question:when the ZD tl341 is open can this cause slowly discharge the battery because the transistor and diods load ?

[@roniecrisestimada2717]

can I use a power resistor in replacement of the diodes as the load?

[@suzznshkya1098]

How did u show charging and discharging of battery from circuit diagram, using which app?