Cambridge Mathematician Reacts to 'Animation vs Physics'

[@EllieSleightholm]

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[@racghineering]

u are feeling emosional becoz its a story about life and birth. nut just Phys..

[@Atlas9766]

this was where he was transported after his fight with e

[@anuragsosa]

I think in the end there were 3 versions of Stickman: Past, Present and Future. The Present Stickman entered singularity and met the Future version who was there the whole time, helping them. They watch the Past version of themselves reaching to the point they are. In the end, the Future version leaves as the Past version is entering the singularity while the Present version will act as New Future version.

[@LoneTiger]

He was helping himself reach the black hole, so he can help himself reach the black hole, so he can help himself reach the black hole, so he can help himself reach the black hole, so he can help himself reach the black hole, so he can help himself reach the black hole, so he can help himself reach the black hole, so he can help himself reach the black hole, so he can help himself reach the black hole, so he can help himself reach the black hole... Textbook time loop.

[@sayansaha155]

More like there are multiple versions of him. Each from a loop. And at the end of the loop, one of them leaves, and the other takes its place...and waits for the next version to come...

[@TragerM]

The end is never the end is never the end is never the end is never the end is never the end is never the end is never the end is never the end is never the end is never the end (then Stanley hits the button)

[@LoneTiger]

One thing of note, all time-loops start at a point when the character does something to start the loop, makes a "choice", think of it this way, the first Orange arrived to the universe, hit a planet, or maybe he just drifted through space for a very long time until finally he hit a black hole, after falling in all the way through the singularity and into quantum space he was able to see the past and saw himself appearing in the middle of nowhere, here Orange made the "choice" to change events and put a planet on its path and realized that, now he needed to add more steps, so Orange can reach the black hole, he could have just left and Orange would have fallen into the black hole again on its own, but the choice to help himself reach the quantum space faster created the loop.

[@term-827]

So basically, it's a predestination paradox?

[@sumtensor]

Once Stickman enters the black hole, we enter the more speculative theoretical physics. The apple leaving a white dot on the surface of the black hole, I think it a nod to the holographic principle. As he approaches the singularity, you the the Anti de-Sitter space and Conformal Field corrospondance as well. At the singularity, it goes into quantum territory and those small loops you see are strings from string theory as they also show with the calabi yau manifold. As a theoretical physicist myself it was absolutely amazing and they must have someone on the crew who really knows their theoretical physics. Very nice to see.

[@Jeferic]

Thanks, I now have something to do this weekend

[@fifiz1729]

ahhh so that's how Leonard Hofstadter do 🤯

[@jordanledoux197]

Throwing a Tipler Cylinder in there really made me smile.

[@kuromiLayfe]

no need to apologize for pausing. you are doing a reaction so pausing to tell your thoughts is absolutely fine

[@PaarthGuptaYT]

Agreed!

[@NephriteQueen]

Here to hear your, Ellie’s, thoughts on this video. If we wanted to watch it without pauses we can watch the original.

[@EllieSleightholm]

thank you everyone 🥹

[@Fennalope]

exactly would rather her pause and say what she wants to say than speak while the video is playing and miss something important. there are some reaction youtubers who refuse to pause or rewind and miss out on important things when they are talking and its really frustrating.

[@KindOfWitch]

i find it less frustrating than those who pause every few seconds and speak so much because as a result the miss the overarching themes but Ellie definitely strikes the balance perfectly@@Fennalope

[@TanerH]

16:17 and around there - the hat "flapping" is actually him "slapping" his rocket-horse on the rump to go faster (as seen in some cowboy movies :) )

[@jervic7997]

And it is also a reference to the ending of Dr. Strangelove, where a soldier rides a nuclear bomb as it is dropped while waving his hat.

[@jordanpeacock9468]

@@jervic7997 he is also the "space cowboy" from that one famous song I cannot remember the name of.

[@its-aydonus6842]

@@jordanpeacock9468 Some people call him Maurice. And in case you were serious, it's "The Joker" by Steve Miller Band

[@braeddie]

It's amazing how few people that watch this don't get that he isn't flapping the hat, he's a cowboy on a rocket, the rocket is the horse, he's spurring the rocket (horse) on. He's just yeehawing. A nod to Dr. Strangelove.

[@Ytinasniiable]

My first thought was how is waving his hat accelerating him and then I was like oh right, cowboy, yeehaw

[@SpecterNeverSpectator]

exactly, if a horse runs faster when you yeehaw it, a rocket will work harder when you yeehaw it, you just have to believe as if it was a physics problem

[@ICountFrom0]

And he gets past the star by shifting from trying to escape with his thrust, to gaining momentum forward, to arc just barely far enough to accelerate out.

[@hunnyjar8937]

For the star scene, I think the reason he managed to escape was that he burned the rocket prograde instead of directly up- it's a little lesson in orbital maneuvering

[@Ytinasniiable]

Yeah, don't try to go up, go forward so fast your falling arc misses the object entirely

[@Avetho]

@@Ytinasniiable You've gotta fall so fast that you miss the ground entirely, its what I love about orbital mechanics XD

[@Jansenbaker]

​@@AvethoSo... Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy was right in a way. Ha.

[@warriorsabe1792]

All the crazy stuff at the end I'm pretty sure was string theory and such, I know calabi-yau manifolds are a big feature of it, and at the very end that "selector" on the wormhole showed different types of string theory. I also remember hearing about tipler cylinders as a hypothetical construct that can form closed timelike curves, but are impossible to make in reality because they need infinite length.

[@sumtensor]

Yes, you are basically correct. It showed the different universe types allowed by string theory, and incorporated into a single framework with M-theory.

[@Brian67588]

Stickman seems to be going from type I string theory to type IIB string theory which must signify a step closer to M-theory.

[@ashutoshg6866]

Finally someone gets it

[@Sef_Era]

I’ve always interpreted these videos in such a way, as that the stick man *himself* is operating on Tropes; but he’s a curious sort, so he’s trying to learn how different systems work. He wants to understand math, but he does so by battling ‘e’; and then he wants to understand physical laws, so he goes on an adventure in a world that’s run by physics. *He* doesn’t run on math or physics, and he probably still has that matrix weapon room in his back pocket, from before he went on this adventure. But using that would be cheating, in that, then, he wouldn’t be able to learn. But he doesn’t *have* to play by the rules, and as soon as he understands them, he breaks them to learn something new. He learns about friction on the ice, but doesn’t know about equal and opposite force yet, so he violates it to propel himself across the gap. He learns how to do a gravity assist, but of course he doesn’t *actually* want to fall into a star, so he moves himself on from that. And *he* is a stick person, he’s not made up of smaller particles like that apple, so *he* can fall into a black hole, just fine.

[@dyltan]

I think he just wants to exit, and acknowledges that he needs to understand the world he is in in order to exit

[@blueIceblues]

Great reaction! Btw, orange stickmans actual name is "The Second Coming"

[@ElMexa203]

Although she can also call him orange, or TSC as I have seen done in recent Alan videos.

[@mctogo001]

that really doesn't matter here, considering there's no "The Chosen One" or someone like that

[@ranjanasharan4051]

well there is a chosen one its the black stickman in the second Animation vs animator episode which alan created and then they fought which alan later created the dark lord a red stickman to fight TCO but they both escaped alans pc and exploded his desktop after that in AVA 4 IS where alan created the orange stickmen but tried deleting him because the file name read the second coming which made alan paranoid but then he befriended TSC and he also got his other 4 stickmen friends and they go on adventures together on alan's pc. TCO AND TDL do return in ava 5 for a different story where TSC's power activates for the first time and in the current AVA which is thee 6th one The victim has returned (first ever stickmen alan drew from ava 1) and he is there for revenge against alan TCO went to find TSC for help but TSC doesnt remember anything and thats from where story is left to continue. anyways what i am saying is that there is a "the chosen one

[@mctogo001]

@@ranjanasharan4051 bro this is AvE not AvA

[@thelordbee4876]

Rage bait..?

[@Someone-101]

"It's like 'Inception'!" 'Intersetllar' is the movie you're thinking of. Great reaction, though! Always fun to see physicists geek out over this. =D

[@ADtheUber]

"Intersetllar"? Don't you mean "Interstellar"?

[@decoherence30]

@@ADtheUber”Interstellar” Don’t you mean “One of my favorite movies”

[@GPS2ManYT]

That flash at the start was the circle that he was in when Euler’s number teleported him at the end of Animation vs. Math.

[@PieBoy4242]

Next stop: animation vs chemistry. Physics is applied math. Chemistry is applied physics. Then biology, psychology, sociology, art, and back home.

[@HarrisonWool]

I DIDNT EVEN REALISE THAT! THATS SO COOL!

[@HeliteGamer]

@@PieBoy4242 Alan did vs Geometry first...

[@ajmod73]

"this ain't his first rodeo" that is an understatement xD

[@rpengler1]

Going into the black hole, you start getting into quantum mechanics and fourth-dimensional physics. Time travel and teleportation are in the realm of the fourth dimension and beyond, with the tippler cylinder and Eisen bridge being theorized methods of time travel. The video stops short of fifth and sixth dimension physics thankfully.

[@sumtensor]

What are you talking about? All relativistic physics is 4-dimensional physics since we use 4-vectors X^mu=(ct,x,y,z). Also, they clearly showed hints to string theory and literally showed a calabi yau manifold, which is used in string theory where the 6 extra spatial dimensions are curled up in the calabi yau manifold. This has nothing to do with time travel or teleportation. And the einstein-rosen (not 'eisen') bridge was portrayed in accordance with the ER=EPR conjecture forwarded by Lenny Susskind where quantum entanglement and einstein rosen bridges are equivalent. You cannot say that the amount of dimensions that a physical theory allows is directly proportional to time travel and teleportation being viable phenomena. Some individual hypotheses might support it, but that is entirely determined by the specific framework.

[@ElderonAnalas]

​@@sumtensor right and idk wht he's on about with the not using the 5th dimension, the space they're standing in with the wormhole and walking on the "plane of probability" is clearly labeled as a 5th diemnsional space after he crosses the worldsheet. Unless that's just talking about the area outside of the diagramed worldline. IDK what any of this video means once we pass the quark level, and even then i only have a very VERY shallow understanding that quarks, exist at all

[@sumtensor]

⁠​⁠@@ElderonAnalasa world sheet is just a 2d version of a world line. A world line is the path of a 0d point particle in a spacetime diagram. A world sheet is then the path of a 1d string, which traces a 2d path. It is a mathematical tool, not something you can pass. When you see in the end is stickman switching game modes, here each of the 5 variants of super string theory corresponds to a universe game mode. I’m not entirely sure what you mean with the rest of your comments. You are using a lot of words that doesn’t really mean anything in the context you’re using them in, so it’s hard to know what you’re trying to say. I’m a theoretical physicist, so if you have any specific questions, then let me know.

[@ElderonAnalas]

​@@sumtensor > "a world sheet is just a 2d version of a world line. A world line is the path of a 0d point particle in a spacetime diagram. A world sheet is then the path of a 1d string, which traces a 2d path. It is a mathematical tool, not something you can pass." so, just, trying to piece my brain around this. I want to learn, to know things. I just think i'm well in over my head. My understanding of physics stopped being relatable to the video after we got "smaller" than the hydrogen bonds part, and I still barely remember high school lessons on atomic bonds... something to do with electron pairs I think. But, a "world sheet" is just a reference of a "world line". so, a World Line, with length and width. a World Line is just a ray/line that reflects a... singular moment if time and space? I know i'm certainly missing more foundational knowledge I suppose, I don't know what a Spacetime Diagram even is. > "I’m not entirely sure what you mean with the rest of your comments. You are using a lot of words that doesn’t really mean anything in the context you’re using them in, so it’s hard to know what you’re trying to say." Yeah, I was probably unclear. was more agreeing with your confusion over what OP was saying, while I was drawing reference back to the video itself in moments like 24:39 regarding him talking about "the video stopping short of 5th and 6th dimension physics" but this part of the video seemingly taking place *in* 5th dimensional space (unless I am just, completely misunderstanding what theoretical concepts are trying to be portrayed as a physical 3d visual environment, which is certainly the case), as well as confusion on what they are using as "ground" at 25:40 ish. Beyond, it being a, representation of reality itself, the whole "we don't know what a particle will do until observed" kind of thing, given they are Probability Waves, a layman like me can assume it means he could move or do anything there, but we can't know until we see him do it. Sort of situation. Given the singularity is a meeting point for both the past and future, as well as "our" universe and all the other parallel ones.

[@sumtensor]

@@ElderonAnalas >But, a "world sheet" is just a reference of a "world line". so, a World Line, with length and width. a World Line is just a ray/line that reflects a... singular moment if time and space? I know i'm certainly missing more foundational knowledge I suppose, I don't know what a Spacetime Diagram even is. Alright, so a spacetime diagram is just a standard [x,y] diagram with time one one axis and space on the other. We use one axis to represent all three spatial dimensions x,y,z as making spacetime diagrams with 4 dimensions is impractical. A particle, let's assume a point particle for simplicity, is a 0-dimensional object. It has no lenght or width. Now, as this particle moves through time, its trajectory will now be a line, since we this point in infinitely many time steps, which is the definition of a line. A line is a 1d object since you can only move back and forth along a line. This line is, by convention, called a world line. This is just the name for it. It can be understood as the trajectory of a "world", or a certain reference frame, though time. every point on this line represents a location in space at a given time. In string theory, particles are made up of small strings, which, in contrast to particles being 0-dimensional, are 1-dimensional objects. If you make a spacetime diagram for a 1d string, the path or trajectory through time will now be a 2 dimensional "sheet" or surface instead of a line. This is then called a world sheet. That's all there is to it basically. None of the video takes place in 5 dimensional space. It is all only in 3 dimensions of space. However, in the end, it is trying to visualize string theory, where it can get kind of difficult to properly explain without a bunch of differential geometry. String theory is a theory of 10 or 11 dimensions, depending on how you look at it. It is alluded to when the apple turns into a calabi yau manifold, which is a 6 dimensional surface where the rest of the needed dimensions are "compactified" onto. The end of the video is just a stylistic representation of these strings and stuff, but it isn't some kind of "higher dimension physics" that allows for magic. It is a mix of different ideas. For example, they heavily allude to the holographic principle, which is a principle that suggests all of the information in the universe can be encoded on a boundary. This ideas stem from trying to calculate entropy of black holes. Essentially, it suggests that the universe can be described in theories that exists in lower dimensions, not higher. The holographic principle works well together with string theory in something called AdS/CFT corrospondance, which is also illustrated in the video after stickman passes the inner horizon. AdS/CFT is a theoretical framework that suggests that a string theory formulated in an Anti de-Sitter space (a space with negative curvature) is equivalent to a conformal field theory defined on the boundary of that space. CFT is a quantum field theory that exists in fewer dimensions than the AdS space. For example, string theory in a 5-dimensional AdS space can be equivalent to a CFT on its 4d boundary. It allows complext gravitational calculations in the bulk, which is the higher dimensional space, to be translated into a simpler quantum field theory on the boundary. This also goes into something called the ER=EPR corrospondance, which posits that wormholes and quantum entanglement are equivalent phenomena. This is also alluded to in the video when stickman places objects into the wormhole and the entanglement equation shows up. It is very hard to actually explain this in laymans terms, so the best explanation I can give you will never be complete. I can only suggest that you learn some more advanced mathematics and study it yourself if you are really interested in these things. It's the only way you'll be able to truly understand and appreciate these ideas :)

[@demopem]

I think the cowboy hat is a movie references: "Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb" 🙂 (Kubrick, 1964)

[@DYMAXVtuber]

26:49 some addition: 1. the stickman sitting near the wormhole is the future of him 2. Stickman with cowboy hat act as a present of him 3. and they both watching himself from the past basically it's a loop

[@jamesmatthew1903]

20:57 I think the apple is an analogy to hawking radiation.

[@Fennalope]

could be but its's also from the part where they Pranked their past self by throwing it at them to try and get them to go into the black hole

[@TehSmokeyMan]

Getting enthousiastic to the point of almost getting emotional.... Glad I'm not the only one😄 This animation really visualizes my enthousiasm and curiosity toward (Astro- & Quantum-) Physics. Making me appreciate the What while pondering the How and Why😊

[@ccricers]

What you see at 13:00 when the light reflects off the rocket is sometimes called the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF). You might find it being applied in computer vision, or in CGI that is made to be photorealistic.

[@ahmadkhalid5819]

the stickman giggle was adorable. made the manifold a bit more human haha

[@mastermello8]

Please make a video on how to learn maths from basics to master like you we can't find any resources please make a video! Waiting for the video

[@mastermello8]

@smiththewright is there another alternative

[@logicwizard783]

@@mastermello8 I'm not really sure about specific curriculums or "orders", but you could try to learn math in a relatively decent order based on The Math Sorcerer's video called Learn Mathematics From Start To Finish 2nd Edition, which is basically him taking several of his math books from various levels and putting them in an order he thinks is decent enough to start on. You don't have to get the specific books he suggests. Normally for almost every general topic, you can probably find a PDF somewhere. But his order's not too bad

[@mastermello8]

@@logicwizard783 thanks for your information!I will look into it 😃

[@hansanaik3835]

You can find the resources you need to learn basic math by searching - basic math tutorials for adults.

[@kuromiLayfe]

solve 10 000 x 10 000 algebra math problems out of your head and you may be close enough to consider yourself apprentice level 😂

[@yocto7082]

i think the apple shrinking was to show how matter gets completely disintegrated into their elementary particles down to neutrinos as they pass the inner horizon

[@hi_pd]

9:35 India used the Hohmann Transfer Orbit method for its Mars mission and possibly for the last Moon mission. India successfully slinged the spacecraft from Earth to Mars with the least amount of fuel possible. The spacecraft left Earth in a direction tangential to Earth's orbit and encountered Mars tangentially to its orbit.

[@Brian67588]

Gives a good sense of the power scale difference between gravity and electromagnetic forces, after all those gravitational slingshots, it took electromagnetism to make a dent into the speed of light.

[@keleynal4424]

When someone asks if your job is hard, what do you say instead of “It’s not rocket science”?

[@ElderonAnalas]

"it's not brain surgery" probably

[@MegaDiancieEX]

”no”

[@aaaaaaaaaaaa9023]

Best reaction so far because you understood almost everything that was happening and it was very satisfying to watch. Unfortunately i have yet to see anyone recognise the tipler cylinder.

[@sumtensor]

I haven't seen anyone recognize the calabi yau manifold, the AdS/CFT corrospondance, holographic principle, ER=EPR and many more of the subtle hints to different more speculative theories.

[@Sans_of_time]

This is after animation vs math when orange went through the big circle of inifity thats why we saw the big white light

[@Rangadus]

2:49 He went 2x faster because he actually doubled his frame rate.

[@zannyrt]

25:11 Both the diagrams are similar, however, there are certain differences. The Penrose diagram on your top is the extension of the Kruskal-Szekeres diagram whereas the Penrose Diagram on the video showcases the connection of both the universes. The horizontal line (in the video) connecting both the universes is at constant Kruskal time, thereby creating an Einstein-Rosen bridge.

[@mr.gochin1018]

You are a nerd, a very gorgeous and smart nerd if I may add. Your content is so refreshing!

[@itsraze957]

basicly at the end part, where they trolled them selfs, the stickman without a hat was the one falling, the one with the hat was the one who fell, once the 3rd one fell with the hat, the one without the hat took the one that had the hat, once he teleported, he was the one that was falling down, causing a cycle that will never end. In simpler terms, Past, present and future.

[@Rising_Pho3nix_23]

Astrodynamic software engineer? Get it girl! That's my kind of specialty! 29:26 I think at this spot he's going from a type 1 civilization to a type 2

[@AlaskanGlitch]

The hat is a reference to the Stanley Kubrick 1964 movie "Dr. Strangelove" where Slim Pickens rides the nuclear bomb to its final destination. The waving of his cowboy hat as he rides the bomb down is iconic in that movie.

[@baseballjustin5]

"Dr. Strangelove or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb" is the full title lol

[@christopherandresen9790]

the whole stuff is a self fulfilling prophicy (edging on time physics there) because the stickman that already was in the black hole was the same stickman we followed but in the future. as he left the black hole our stickman (the one we followed the whole time) became the one already waiting in the black hole that will then leave when the new one arrived. basically a kind of time loop or self fulfilling prophicy because the one in the black hole makes it possible for the past self to come to the black hole. to fulfill the cycle.

[@KevFrost]

I'm going with the cowboy hat being a reference to riding the bomb in Dr Strangelove and the weird things by the wormhole being string theory stuff

[@CZghost]

That cowboy hat is actually a reference to Stanley Kubrick's film "Dr. Strangelove", where at the end one of the generals ride the bomb down to the earth waving the cowboy hat :D

[@kartorrent7496]

15:03 Also Apollo 13 both in real life and in the movie used the moon to help get the astronauts closer to home.

[@kaelanirevyruun1676]

I only just realised watching this after your Ani vs Math reaction... This takes place right afterwards!

[@TheLegendaryChickenWing]

Why the apple came out of the black hole is because a black hole isnt just some massive vacuum, it also throws out objects out of it once it is pulled in (i think)

[@DarkestNova556]

When he fell it said 250 N. Using the acceleration due to gravity (Which is 9.8 m/s^2), and Newton’s second law F=ma, we can come to the conclusion that TSC weighs approximately 25.5 kg which is approximately 56.2 lbs. pretty heavy for a stick drawing. Must be the muscle.

[@EllieSleightholm]

must definitely be the muscle 💪

[@sergefiedyt]

You're literally like me when I watched Animation vs Physics, as well as Animation vs Math, and the latest one, Animation vs Geometry. I pause the video and interpret the concepts myself everytime one is newly introduced. 😂 I'm currently studying for college entrance tests, and my older brother who majors in chemical engineering tutors me a lot of elementary and advanced mathematics. So for the past 3 months, I quickly saw my potential in math and became a crazy math nerd haha

[@michalkuban9888]

Reactions to videos like this with understanding always put a wide happy smile on my face.

[@alexwttc]

well the fact about the magnetic rings is used in the LHC makes bit real

[@razorclaw1184]

At 29:27, after watching it a second time, I think future stickman is selecting the type of civilization to go to. Very nice touch!

[@footleg3310]

As someone else here said, he seems to be selecting a different version of string theory to go check out. My question is: having seen where the previous fellow goes, does the current one follow suit, or try a different setting?

[@baseballjustin5]

Maybe, this time, he was going to the geometrical dimension (AVG)

[@Turalcar]

16:09 This demonstrates Oberth effect. You get more change in kinetic energy if you fire the engines closer to a gravitational well.

[@ICountFrom0]

The hat waving into the blackhole matches up SO perfectly to that one sequence from strangelove...

[@awharrier2]

Really enjoyed this, love how enthusiastic you always are about the subjects

[@jmc2510]

I just subscribed! I was studying some math and fell asleep, only to wake up to this video. Her voice is so calming and relaxing, which might be why I woke up feeling refreshed. After reading the comments, I realize I might not be fully familiar with the topic, which seems to involve advanced concepts in physics or quantum mechanics. Nonetheless, I really enjoyed the video. Keep up the great work!

[@epikherolol8189]

3:57 This is actually a question from jee advanced lol. There were infinite amount of projectile motion in that

[@Akigahdam]

i mean the main reason i watch these react videos is to get explainations and to see how accurate they are so pausing is fine

[@sourabhsoni2930]

Hi Ellie you inspired me to learn mathematics 😊 I like your video. I like you.

[@KindOfWitch]

7:54 for more shortcuts, do shift+slash, aka the questionmark keys

[@Objective_Piece8285]

Whoa something I missed at 29:27 when I originally watched the video was that the stick figure was choosing the type of civilization he belonged to on the Kardashev scale!!

[@TheMusicalBoy93]

Please don't apologise for pausing. It gives you time to add your own knowledge into the video and makes it transformative

[@bradleyd6000]

10:32 She didn't get the Dr. Strangelove reference there.

[@RandomPerson8492]

I'm late to this party, but an explanation I've seen before for what's going on with the apple in the black hole is that the spaghettification is shredding the apple down to its fundamental particles, and _trying_ to do the same to TSC--but as an animated stick figure, TSC just gets scaled down instead

[@StuartHollingsead]

So matter inside the Schwarzschild radius is orbiting faster than the speed of light. What law breaks? The speed of light or the conservation of angular momentum? So given that the curvature of spacetime keeps going down to the singularity, the Schwarzschild radius must by necessity be a horizon in time that we can not see beyond. My theory is that the point of no return is an asymptote of spacetime. But i am just an amateur at this.

[@gonnaenodaethat6198]

When we remember that space and time are the same thing and that the human perception of time is a diferent concept all together it all becomes more clear why we see the colour shifting as we aprouch the speed of light. We experience only a perceptiual time diolation but how time behaves in reality is best thought of as distence and volcity over a single vector. This is why it seems like time stops at the speed of light even though it really doesnt and its why you would see all light start to warp around to look like causality is all infront of you. Not to mention the issue of technically you would not be able to percive the diference between stationary and full speed at the speed of light because photons only exist at the speed of light and so there is no frame of reference for something existing at stand still and accelerating to the speed of light. For all intents and purposes...all of causality is actually infront of you and all of space is infront of you. The best way to visualize this is to imagine going faster then light; well not as much faster then just going backwards in space-time in a sense because of course you cannot keep going where there is no space or causality and space-time isn't actually as linear as we think so, in simple terms, you get mobious stripped into going backwards in space-time. It also helps to know that (just like space and time) space, time, and light/photons are the same thing and are usually thrown together as causality, so Space-time-light and lets call speed of light what it actual is...the speed of causality; that should clear some things up too.

[@LoneTiger]

21:00 _"I'm so confused..."_ Rule number 1: The universe is not obliged to make sense to you. 😸 24:40 The apple is passing through the theoretical "inner horizon" where matter compresses and collapses into energy; Orange is being compressed, but because Orange is "not real" it is not destroyed but merely compacted to the smallest possible size to cross the worldsheet, and onto the theoretical quantum singularity.

[@johankaewberg8162]

The Tipler cylinder is of course one way to make closed time like curves, aka backwards time travel. The physics checks out…

[@Caldoric]

The reason for the big flash at the start is connected to the ending of the last video he was in, the math one. Remember how e^iπ sent him off using that weird equation at the end that enveloped him in a sphere of light before he just _vanished_? Yeah, that's what happened. It teleported him here.

[@Aldraz]

The second stickman conceptually here probably represents a god that caused the creation of everything or a higher being like an alien that observes simulated reality.. but because it's actually the stickman itself it also represents another crazy theory which would be something like an enclosed time loop - maybe even reincarnation processes, etc.. it's getting very philosophical at the end which I find very interesting.

[@thesuitablecommand]

13:00 - minor note, but the animator mixed up the greater than and less than symbols for the infrared and ultraviolet frequencies! Ultraviolet should be 700

[@michalkuban9888]

21:46 Which made no sense, but luckily it did not take long to realise, that everything is rotating and there are no stationary black holes. Suddenly there was no division by zero or infinity. Beautiful and scary.

[@johankaewberg8162]

Momentum transfer by tethers. Big bow to Robert Forward, inventor of the Rotavator transport system.

[@BoredTruckn]

I'm pretty sure all of them were the same Stickman guy. Each of them is just from different parts of his timeline. He himself gives himself the tools to reach the black hole, does playing with paradoxes. The one that went into the wormhole is the most present Stickman. While the others have to continue the loop. The one left behind, will introduce himself to the new one with the cowboy hat and show him that last scene just like he was shown a few minutes before. That loop will continue on while ever more and more Stickman catch up with the most present one, wherever he is.

[@Rosy_Maple_Moth_Cherry]

You should react to animation vs geometry!!!

[@migueljalo9731]

“Cambridge Mathematician” sounds a little pretentious but in this case, totally warranted. Love your videos!❤

[@sulevturnpuu5491]

Actually, people are experimenting with sonic models of black hole and it works quite well for testing various effects. Also, I belive the hat is from the bomb riding cowboy from the movie 'Dr. Strangelove'.

[@Varksterable]

Despite only studying mathematics (not physics) to a decent level, I also found I liked this one a lot more. I'm now a software engineer, and while mathematics is totally essential for what I do, it, alone doesn't fly planes or control ships. A very, very smart video. Not only clearly aware of the underlying physics, but also able to present them clearly, creatively and artistically. Bravo! Also, I am again thankful for your explanation and expansion on some of the topics here; it really does cover a lot of ground (npi) very quickly. PS Hawking radiation might be apples flying out of black holes. The late, great Stephen himself expressed it like this. Except nobody, in the brief history of time, has ever read that far yet. ;)

[@Maxusxavier]

The two orange stick men are part of a time loop setting up getting there in the first place, the first one leaves the second one becomes the first one and the new one becomes the secind one and so long as one of them is always there and those same things happen forever they aren't trapped

[@Nordwind46]

15:34 Voyager 2 did a gravity assist at Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune, Voyager 1 only Jupiter and Saturn

[@ikani1]

So yeah, all the stickmen are the same one, just at different points in time (and overlapping a bit)

[@captaindelta43]

This is genuine reaxtion . No need to apologize for pausing cause this is how it should be done . Its info-tainment for a reason

[@circuitgamer7759]

There's a few interpretations, but I chose to interpret him flapping his hat as using the trace atmosphere to push against and increase his speed. Maybe he's actually moving his arm incredibly fast, but the framerate makes it look normal speed :)

[@elarbitroovalado]

the 'bubbles' are strings of energey that make up quarks and while they have not been prooven, they are part of string theory which is the best theory for unifing reletivity whith quantum mechanics

[@altu8590]

I think the flash of light at the beggining is a continuation of the last part "Animation VS Math," when "The Second Coming" or Orange was transported somewhere at the end.

[@swarnendukarfa8480]

That became insanely complex towards the later stages

[@mannygee005]

you don't have to apologize for pausing, I'm here to listen to your analysis (rewatching). I have a question, when he's on the ice and spinning the 1kg weight, should he be sliding around before throwing the weight? It looked like he was rotating from that precession bit. I know spacecraft has a trick by spinning a weight on a string they can stop rotation of the craft. He showed by raising the weight earlier it was force displacement and so this accounts for most of the tricks with the tree and all "swinging" actions. 50kg converts to 110 lbs so that must be his weight and we see the weight of the giant ball - I bet the conversion of potential energy would be enough to get him to the rocket, just an assumption that it would accurate and would work, a leap of faith though lol.

[@mannygee005]

a quasar is powered by a super massive black hole. It's funny the apple went back into the black hole and red shifted.

[@adamalter8347]

Just to clarify, The cowboy hat is a reference to the film Dr. Strangelove and the character Slim Pickins who rides an atomic bomb to it's final detonation.

[@SoupCanTheAnimator]

You should react to animation vs geometry :D

[@prinzealberttingson6715]

In the last scene that was him from the future waiting for him and then the one who was falling when the future one left was him in the past and so causing a continuous loop, the hologram that showed by the future was showing the changes that the previous future has made (don't know if a future can be a previous ha), and don't be sorry your explanation was nice and very helpful it's much easier to understand you compare to the previous one that I watch which a professor from oxford explains it(it's not that I'm mocking him, I just have a low understanding so no offense).

[@vedranb87]

Did you pick up on the parallel that earlier on he slingshot himself from the branch to the rocket, and now he's using the slingshot maneuver around the celestial body (not sure if it was a moon or another planet)?

[@Muhammad-adzim]

can you try to solve in “animation vs geometry”?

[@JediJess1]

19:33 you're not jumping to conclusions. You're making educated speculations on what may happen in the video, or stating your hopes for it. I like when reactions do this, since whe get to see how suprised the one reacting is when they're right or wrong. It creates a discussive discourse for your audience, which is good

[@coder0xff]

The dot in the last video (math) was a point.

[@JediJess1]

Stickman's name is The Second Coming, which sounds self-righteous, but I promise it makes sense. I'd encourage anyone to watch Animator vs Animation episode 4 for enough context on who TSC is, and the rest of Alan Becker's videos at your own pace for an enjoyable series and ridicuously good storytelling without a single word spoken.

[@dinoeebastian]

I don't know about other people, but personally I think the beginning of the video is a continuation of Animation vs Math, since at the end of that there was a ball and a flash of light, plus it just seems nice thematically

[@badxhero2097]

In the interest of making things more interesting, the stick man's name is The Second Coming, or TSC.

[@yaroslavpanych2067]

Another one! Newton's second law is a = F/m acceleration equals force divided by mass. Object gets acceleration because force is applied to it. Force is cause, acceleration is result. Hence formula

[@Worldofminbloxia]

in the end the 3 stickman were kinda like past present and future. its like a Time Paradox.

[@Hypo101]

I’m not sure if you will see this comment, but the stickman’s name is “The Second Coming.” There are a lot of animations on Alan Becker’s channels, and there is an ongoing story involving TSC and other characters. Nice reaction though, your input is awesome!

[@ghyslainabel]

18:55 Contrary to what movies show us, asteroids in an asteroid field are far from each other. 10s, if not 100s of kilometres from each other in the densest regions. He did not die because the chance of hitting anything is so low.

[@jackofclubs6229]

I love how that weird Ice is there. “In this problem, Ignore Friction.”

[@1983sergev]

Good video, made better for educational purpose by the explanations, good job Ellie. I did mechanic and electric back in college and never got much use for lots of it in my day job as a biochem technician, good reminder of some concepts. Thanks for the upload! Edit: If you like the idea of SpinLaunch (which is ok) but I think will never work for sending humans up there up there due to weight constraint to pad living being from the insane acceleration curve required. For small unmanned deployable payload, the canadian "HARP Gun" idea was better imho, you might be interested in checking it out. Shame it didn't work at the time, mainly due to economic reasons. (Not to be mixed with the american "HARP Project" that stemmed from the collab between both countries)

[@1983sergev]

Also, the main reason Animation didn't crash into something going through the asteroid belt is because there is so much space in-between. You'd be hard press to see you're in it if you went out there to look around with just your eyes... Space is way bigger than what's depicted in movies and most of those rocks are so very small by comparison and they don't emit light. (Which not everybody know, I'm sure Ellie does) Edit: "Animation" doesn't get spaghettified only because those pixels are virtually immutable, thus can't be broken apart unless the "Animator" wants to 😉 Edit 2: The ending, if I'm not mistaken, is trying to represent the Einstein-Rosen bridge idea to have a wormhole leading somewhere/sometime else, maybe to another dimension, maybe another universe or maybe just another blackhole in our own universe, nobody knows...yet! Sorry if I'm wrong, I'm not an astrophysic graduate, just a college-educated guy who loves learning new stuff, been doing it fo 41 years.

[@a41wilde57]

Did anybody notice that stickman is running at 36 km/u and normal walking is about 10 km/u or faster. I can't walk that fast

[@mrbearder6373]

By the way, love your reaction to this video. First video I’ve seen of yours and you’ve just earned another subscriber!

[@forabba5776]

Now react to animations VS geometry.

[@Drago_Whooves]

I'd like to see you react to some of the episodes of Stargate, partially the ones involving blackholes

[@baseballjustin5]

And Good News! AB just realsed Animation vs Geometry!