Energy - Sixty Symbols

It's one of the most important concepts in physics - but defining energy is not the easiest task. More videos at www.sixtysymbols.com/
With Mike Merrifield and Roger Bowley

[@arunagunasekara4157]

"I never knew how to do the swing properly, my mother always had to push me" and that's why he's a theoretician! LOL!

[@thebeardedastronomer]

I will forever be greatful to Mike Merrifield. I've been watching the videos about the Messier catalogue, and as a trainee astronomer, it's brilliant. He's for sure become one of my big influences and someone I truly respect and look upto, the same should be said for every single professor who crops up in sixty symbols, you have all, hands down, shaped my future and I am hugely greatful. I just hope I can someday contribute something they'd all be proud of

[@doodelay]

So particles are really just confined waves of condensed energy?

[@TheSciencePrevails]

It's amazing these laws of nature. I remember swinging on a swing set as a child and moving my legs like he has in the video to make me go higher and higher. I don't remember what I was thinking, I just wanted to get as high as possible...it's amazing how complicated but yet so simple the laws of our universe are...

[@cod500]

"Its like the kinetic energy of a gnat or something" hahahah 5:36

[@Noovil25]

@alexanderhulse this is a definition I found from a website, just to let you know, "Energy is an ability to operate or activate things while force is a method of transferring energy."

[@cjheaford]

“Energy is just a number, and that number never changes”. -Nick Lucid, Science Asylum

[@shruggzdastr8-facedclown]

(2:17): He's not a doll -- he's an action figure! ;^}

[@jacobshirley3457]

He who fights foes with physics.

[@thekaiser4333]

Our best German scientist... That's utrageous!

[@Bulasz]

@kristijanadrian You will have then forces of friction mostly, that will draw energy from your machine and spread it to the surroundings. And as for your last question, I must admit, that I did not understand it. I'm not a native :x

[@FatLingon]

Resonance is basically "timing". If you are on a swing and you time your movements correctly each interval/cycle, then you will add energy(speed), if your timing is way off the energy you input will work against the current momentum, the energies will cancel each other out and the swing will come to a stop.

[@teknown]

There is a law that say that any object will keep his moving state if there is no force to disturb his movement, so yes. About the acceleration, mesurement is m/s^2. You can say that the rocket is moving with a velocity of 500 m/s. PS: The first answer was about the perpetuum mobile, that's about a system that produces more energy that it consumes and that's the break of the law of conservation of the energy.

[@525047]

Potential energy is the potential to do something. Energy is doing something. Time is how fast you do something compared to something else. A particle is something that does things. Resonance is when two things have energy but with different ideas on how to use it. I love being vague.

[@brenoakiy]

@NictraSavios force is mass times acceleration...

[@Bulasz]

@kristijanadrian Actually, you're absolutely right. The universe as a whole is, in a way, a perpetuum mobile. The law of conservation of energy tells you, that if a system is 'isolated', the sum of all energies within it is going to be constant. And since the universe is isolated - because there seems to be nothing beyond it - the amount of energy inside will be the same forever. Perpetuum mobile is impossible only when you want a part of the universe(say, a machine) to behave like one.

[@teknown]

Any two parts connected that moves will have friction. So vacuum will only reduce the friction with air. It will swing for a long time, but it will stop. You can say that the friction is negligible. Perpetuum mobile cannot happen, but there are also the systems that use energy from the Sun, wind, gravity and so on that some people call them perpetuum mobile.

[@jacoman1234567]

Very fascinating

[@stevenvh17]

6:07: "...you lean back... Aaaaah!"

[@Christophe_L]

I had a hard time learning how to swing too till I learned about resonance!

[@superpartes4990]

I see energy as a type of universal currency that establishes how particles interact with each other. Like currencies it can be stored in different forms which are interchangeable (potential/kinetic/heat). So the universe might be seen as an "economy" in which everything that happens has a fixed "price"/energy value. The difference between our monetary currencies and energy is that its total quantity doesn't change, so there aren't (at least on a macroscopic scale) fluctuations of energy values required given interactions. This for example makes sure that a Joule (energy needed to exert a force of 1 N on an object through a distance of 1 m) will always stay a Joule.

[@RentTheSpokeMan]

Fascinating

[@Savalandan]

Energy is the ability to work! In this film two physicists explain in simple terms concept of conservation of energy. Suits high school and freshman students.

[@MrDavetheman]

you should do a vid on Perpetual motion

[@DenUil]

may i also state that a photon of Xray has more energy then a photon of IR, so that the Xray one is heavier and will fall more easely into the blackhole then the IR one? If that is the case if we can spot a quasar, we will see more light in the IR spectrum then the Xray spectrum?

[@acs197]

@leporidus Well said!

[@Dyslexic-Artist-Theory-on-Time]

The idea that potential energy is energy that is not yet come into existence is very interesting! Could photon energy represent the future continuously coming into existence with Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle ∆×∆p×≥h/4π representing the uncertainty of everyday life continuously forming at the quantum level of the atoms? A process we see and feel as time!

[@drumbum99]

yum SHM theres been a few videos out today was it planned to align with the AQA synoptic hell or was that by chance =P

[@Noovil25]

@motionapplied Hi, I don't think I understand what you're trying to say exactly, first of all,I am pretty much unclear of the definitions myself and it is the truth that I didn't make them, the reason why I cite it, is because I was hoping that someone would elaborate more on that. I would appreciate it if you try to explain instead of sounding so temperamental.

[@MrJepcats]

Potential energy also depends on where you take height to equal to 0. In the swing system, height was equal to zero at the bottom of the swing so that was when potential energy was taken to be zero, but Einstein will have still had potential energy due to the Earth and if the centre of the Earth was taken as height equaling zero everything still applies :) Just though I'd add that in.

[@verkoopprijs]

The first time I heard about energy in a physical context at high school, the teacher defined it as the ability a system has to do work. I don't know if that is still the correct definition.

[@brilliantfranz]

what does resonance has do with it ?

[@MadCodex]

I like how frustrated some people gets when I ask them about what is energy. I consider energy as ability to do work. It is true, because no matter in what form energy is stored it can only do certain amount of work, so i think that energy can even be called "potencial work". Noone proved me wrong so far.

[@Christophe_L]

Every pendulum has a frequency of resonance. If you can learn the frequency of the swing you're on, you can swing your legs in a way such that the interference is always constructive.

[@krdolla1380]

Where are you now?

[@Christophe_L]

@@krdolla1380 just chilling in my office

[@DenUil]

Got a question... if Energy=hbar*omega of a photon and Energy=Massa*speedOfLight² how comes that the photon has still no mass? And why can photons fall into a blackhole if it has no mass (so it shouldn't feel any gravity?)... or do i miss a detail?

[@Koroistro]

i was wondering a thing: Letz do an hypothesis : i got 5 grams of matter and 5 grams of antimatter on ground level , potential energy = 0 , i take them to everest mountain so the potential energy is X the energy i get is E^2=m^2c^4+p^2x^2 + "potential energy" ?? and if it's so how does that happens?

[@Noovil25]

What's the difference between energy and force?

[@jelletje8]

2:40 "and he comes all the way along to the little place where he puts it in the hole"

[@Nashy119]

What about the mechanism?

[@oriole8789]

It's also fair to say that we don't currently know all forms of energy. That is why we have concepts like "dark matter" and "dark energy". We haven't actually seen them. We can only infer their existence. It could be that dark energy is able to do "work" more efficiently than matter that we know today. It's undetectable, so it's not made of the same stuff. Once we know what it is, we can then can relate it to what we do know and it may in turn become another form of usable "energy". Or not.

[@CuCulainn1]

have not watched the video yet but interested to see you explain energy in seven minutes

[@Wafflical]

energy |ˈenərjē| noun ( pl. energies ) 3 Physics- the property of matter and radiation that is manifest as a capacity to perform work (such as causing motion or the interaction of molecules): a collision in which no energy is transferred. • a degree or level of this capacity possessed by something or required by a process. ORIGIN mid 16th cent. (denoting force or vigor of expression): from French énergie, or via late Latin from Greek energeia, from en- ‘in, within’ + ergon ‘work.’

[@kousoulides]

where do they get all these toys?!

[@docsharp00]

we are missing you professor! you need to come back to give us some news!!!

[@brenoakiy]

@9493760 that's linear momentum

[@romap.8521]

energy(of something) is the ability(of something) to do work

[@xfunnyx15]

niceee

[@PrivateAckbar]

It seems like energy should be a far bigger concept in physics. What's its intimate relationship with quantum mechanics and fields?

[@GianfrancoFronzi]

@NictraSavios WHAT IS THIS FORCE YOU SPEAK OF, WOULD IT BE ALSO KNOWN AS , [ ENERGY] ? GIANFRANCO FRONZI. DEC./ 4/11

[@plecto1234]

What if you built up potential energy by walking up a mountain and then went through a wormhole to the base of the mountain? Where did the energy go?

[@pederbull]

so the energy converted in the swing case, is kinetic energy to heat in the air due to friction?

[@Oners82]

pederbull Yes, that is why he said several times that energy is dissipated via friction.

[@matthewbesman5111]

pederbull Not exactly. If there was no friction due to air resistance (for example, in a vacuum), the swing would still work and energy conversion would still take place. In this vacuum, he would give the swing gravitational potential energy by raising it above the ground, and the swing would convert that into kinetic energy as it increases its speed while it swings closer to the ground. As it swings back up, it would lose some speed and gain some height therefore converting kinetic energy back to gravitational potential energy. The main idea here is that the higher you are, the more gravitational potential energy you have and the faster you are, the more kinetic energy you have. The only part that friction and air resistance play is taking away some of that energy and converting it to heat on each swing. So if he lifted the swing to a point where it had X Joules of gravitational potential energy and let it swing all the way back up to it's maximum height, it would not be quite as high and it's energy would be less than X. This process is known as dissipation, and it would continue until the swing had no remaining energy (at which time, it would simply be at rest). Hope this helped!

[@CelticSaint]

The question I would like to ask is.... How does one type of energy get converted into another? And, what are the processes of energy conservation?

[@SeanRhoadesChristopher]

Noether's theorem, which states every continuous symmetry of a physical theory has an associated conserved quantity; if the theory's symmetry is time invariance then the conserved quantity is called "energy". Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_energy#Noether.27s_theorem en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noether's_theorem

[@TakesTwoToTango]

@Furiouslyfappin Congragulations on understanding the question I posed to that guy. Here, have a cookie!

[@EnnoMaffen]

@alankarmisra thermal energy

[@AndrewStockley]

Acksherly…. On the swing, you raise your centre of gravity when you're at the end of the travel, thereby increasing your potential energy due to extra height. When travelling at speed, you lower your centre of gravity by leaning back, which increases angular momentum by effectively lengthening the rope. So you go a little higher.

[@TehSmeely]

was that the best video of polevaulting availiable? =P

[@TakesTwoToTango]

@AxtheDragon I'm not trying to disagree with you here as saying anything else than what you said would just be plain confusing to anybody outside of physics, but what do you make of Einstein's equasion E = gmc² then? (g = gamma) Mass kind of eludes me... It's a dirty concept xD

[@ernestosaboia]

Energy is the potential to cause displacement or potentiated space

[@robertwc82]

a "force" is a push or a pull

[@tusharpal5431]

Yes, energy is conserved, energy can be interchanged..... But I still don't know what is energy!

[@Sporkabyte]

Tushar Pal energy is the ability to do work

[@Shive1337]

Hmm children have a lot of energi ;D

[@ClevorBelmont]

It was wonderful, Peter 😂

[@TRTtherocketthing]

I still love the guy!

[@albertuskundratis1]

Was classical Greek actually pronounced somewhat like Scotch Gaelic and vice versa?

[@girv98]

There are some videos on youtube about that. Just search "Ancient Greek Pronunciation".

[@DenUil]

love the video... difficult topic tho

[@AdoneSound]

Energy is movement?

[@benoitg6933]

not really, the energy of mouvement or speed is called kinetic energy, there are lots of kind of energy like potential energy which is the energy created by the gravitational field. There's even the energy created by mass. So energy is not only movement. Hope you undestand that given english isn't my mother language

[@DamianReloaded]

BTW I wasn't thinking just about "U" (of which doesn't seem to be a video yet.. :)

[@bugblood1978]

That just changes your centre of gravity, he`s right. But knowing all the theory doesn`t make you king of the swingers:)

[@Koroistro]

@TheMrNoxia humm you missed the word " hypothesis"

[@justinmuller6972]

Einstein looks a bit under the weather to me :(

[@brasildocara]

What is the name of this hum boy? the one of glasses? has an accent as catalan! Is he from Cataluña?

[@Slashbag69]

He is Professor Roger Bowley.

[@DamianReloaded]

At 4:50 I had to stop the video because it came to me the idea that Einstein's potential energy was actually the hands of the professor holding him against the push of Earth's gravity... And then somehow in my mind I formed the idea that energy is in deep relation with gravity somehow... Sometimes I really wish I had the patience to study math...

[@akashashen]

But energy IS the work. Energy, ultimately the information of anything in the Universe, is manipulated by one collection of particles to do something to other information/energy. Your arm, lifting a ball, is energy. The ball is energy. The lifting is energy. The energy breaks down into definable bits, quantum states, which we can refer to as information. The room you lift the ball in has the information of you, the ball and the lifting in it -- all energy, all information

[@Villex93]

Hmm yes and these dark things we know nothing about could have something to do with energy overall, or some new things we observe the first time 100 years from now. But maybe energy is just a concept in many cases at least.

[@lineshawn4819]

What would happen if you were to pump massive amounts of energy into the universe from an outside source?

[@Kizron_Kizronson]

Then the universe would have more energy in it.

[@raydredX]

@robertwc82 BLASPHEMY! IT'S ALL POSITIVE ENERGIES!!!

[@strek0655]

Yes, the great irony is that something so "simple" is so difficult to define and explain.

[@_sayan_roy_]

Killed it. (y) :D

[@aadityahingoo1506]

I have the same Einstein doll!

[@joshuam511]

Surly energy is the ability to do work...? At-least in a simplistic way...

[@UpcycleElectronics]

38 of 310 Ad watched, liked.

[@CKNYoung]

it's so cool that we have an innate understanding of physics without even knowing it

[@DoktorBaglioni]

Where can I get me one of those Einstein action figures? :D

[@DementedPony]

probably powering the wormhole

[@0Banjo0]

My psychology teacher has a Sigmund Freud doll. I think they came from the same place because the packaging is the same.

[@Mudsta]

6.10 that slayed me =']

[@hvrtguys]

Google search " Drink Me Physics " for all the classic relationships that lead to energy

[@akren2482]

Where has sixty symbols and this professor been recently!!

[@Quintopex]

I can't stand ergs either. Is the erg the etymological origin of the exclamation for exasperation, "ergh!"

[@AltainiaInfinity]

Einstein's an energybender.

[@theWHATize]

"Looks in the distance" "What is energy?".

[@user-nf7pr8ls4i]

I’m gonna change my hairstyle. So cool

[@grannyoh]

Can't help but wonder... can you make a swing "go" at this point in your life? Perhaps it is still theoretical? :)

[@rawlinsonboy]

Albert Einstein was famously an Olympic high jumper in his day

[@sweeness13]

I LOVE GEORGE

[@JNeverMindMe]

Had to giggle at the 'umpf'

[@akashashen]

I almost had a didn't-get-the-joke moment!

[@pegatrisedmice]

6:08 ...you lean back aaaaaa

[@edmundangles]

Come on guys, "umph", tell people about Emmy Noether! Noether proved that for each symmetry in the laws of Nature there is variable that does not change. Specifically, if the laws of Nature don't change with time then there must be a variable that does not change with time - let's call it energy. Energy IS the thing that does not change with time.

[@Sony187ful]

nope nope nope deltaE*delta t >= hbar/2 me thinks

[@28thMaoriBattalion]

E = oomph

[@CanalTALL]

put english subs plz guys

[@Oners82]

cowboy p2 Why?

[@GodmyX]

Oners82 foreign learners of English

[@Lagiacrus1996]

Oners82 People with hearing impairments?

[@Oners82]

***** Excellent points boys, I feel silly now lol.