English Grammar: Direct and Indirect speech (Reported speech)

Direct and indirect speech, also known as reported speech, are two ways to convey what someone else has said. Here's an explanation of both:
Direct Speech:
Direct speech is when you quote the exact words that someone said, usually enclosed within quotation marks. For example:
Direct speech: Mary said, "I am going to the market."
In direct speech, the exact words spoken by the person are repeated, including the use of the pronouns, tenses, and expressions used by the speaker.
Indirect Speech:
Indirect speech, on the other hand, reports what someone else has said without quoting their exact words. It usually involves a change in tense, pronouns, and sometimes even word order. Here's how the example above would look in indirect speech:
Indirect speech: Mary said that she was going to the market.
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In indirect speech, the speaker's words are reported indirectly, often introduced by verbs like 'said', 'told', 'asked', etc. In this case, the tense of the verb "to go" changes from "am going" to "was going", and the pronoun "I" changes to "she" to reflect the change in perspective.
Key Points:
Pronoun and tense changes: In indirect speech, pronouns and tenses may change based on the context and the tense of the reporting verb.
Word order: Sometimes, the word order may change in indirect speech to form grammatically correct sentences.
Punctuation: Unlike direct speech, indirect speech doesn't require quotation marks.
Reporting verbs: Verbs like 'said', 'told', 'asked', etc., are often used to introduce indirect speech.
Here's a comparison between direct and indirect speech:
Direct: Tom said, "I like pizza."
Indirect: Tom said that he liked pizza.
In indirect speech, the tense of the verb "like" changes from "like" to "liked", and the pronoun "I" changes to "he".
Understanding how to change direct speech to indirect speech is important for effective communication and writing, as it allows you to report what others have said accurately and appropriately in various contexts.
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Grammar topic direct and indirect speech
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