Episode 39: Maxwell's Equations - The Mechanical Universe

[@vishnuteja3301]

Maxwell is my favourite among the scientists. His intuition and mathematical capabilities distinguished him. Wish there was a way to ask kids to focus on intuition when studying. The smart ones nail the mathematics but do not build their intuition due to the focus on securing the Marks in the exams. These maxwell equations are enchantingly beautiful.

[@piyush2404]

He got the credit for all the work of Oliver Heaviside. I am not saying Maxwell had no contribution, he completed those equations but Heaviside gave us the tool to visualise it.

[@PrinceBlake]

@@piyush2404 Heaviside proposed the existence of the ionosphere and also gravitational waves. His form of Maxwell's equations are a better fit for quantum equations. His birthday, May 18th is shared by artist Kumiko Krchnak who, perhaps sensing Heaviside's tweaking of Maxwell offered a twist of her own leading to the discovery of the arrow of time. She is not a physicist but an artist and yet some consider her contribution worthy of a Nobel Prize.

[@theNotoriousBFM]

@@piyush2404 you beat me to the punchline here!

[@KennethFerguson-r6b]

🎉

[@jackmeng2074]

😊😅😅😅😅😮😅😊😊😅​@@piyush2404

[@Shaybay922]

Came for the math, stayed for the 80's style intro.

[@robertfitzgerald9549]

So soothing

[@robertbakin3051]

😂

[@marklee1194]

I watched these series when I studied Physics in high school. Even at university, I still use these videos for review and understanding.

[@kungfumaster8171]

As an engineering student in the 80’s these films (not videos) where a god send. This was the most advanced stuff we had. Brings back fond memories of all nighters, frustration and fear of the exams.

[@pexfmezccle]

imagining you guys using a VCR and a remote is hilarious

[@XxfishpastexX]

I have the luxury of 3blue1brown’s KZbin videos to help study.

[@KennethFerguson-r6b]

😂 yes PBS and VCRs

[@morpheus6749]

Maxwell's equations are among the ultimate expressions of the beauty of nature, spoken in the language of the universe.

[@stanleycates1972]

Faraday was a trained bookbinder who sought work in Humphrey Davy's lab. 5 years later playing with coils and magnets and a meter he noticed a movement in the meter when wires passed a magnet. Faraday has always been my hero since I am poor at math like he was. It took Maxwell's genius to develop the 4 equations to define what the uneducated experimenter had stumbled across through dedication and perserverance.

[@uploadJ]

Maxwell's work was refined by Oliver Heaviside to the four eqs we use today ...

[@ryanlyle9201]

I never gave Faraday the attention he deserved until listening to a Lawrence Krauss lecture. He stopped for a whole 10 minutes just to give a backstory and it caught my attention. Been one of my favorites ever since.

[@brucemcpherson8832]

Cavendish rarely published any of his research and it would still be largely unknown if JCW had not searched for it and published it. Reading and understanding the work of people who have gone before is largely how science progresses, and that us what Faraday and then JCW did . Einstein said that he did not stand on the shoulders of Newton, but of JCW, and, quite correctly, nobody says that JCW should get credit for Einsteins work

[@sayyidrajab6657]

@@uploadJ Too little credit given to Heaviside for his work here, in terms of mathematical elegance. And he was mostly self taught.

[@Ma_X64]

Maxwell has been grounding on works of at least 24 scientists that describes mainly hydrodynamics. And Helmholtz was the main.

[@damienthorne861]

I remember watching this on a snowy TV reception in the '80s trying to discern through all the snow what was going on I loved it then and I love it now... The exposition is so clear and it has changed my life for the better

[@ganeshchelluboyina]

I'm 26 and I learned about Maxwell's equations nearly 10 years ago while preparing for my country's engineering entrance exam. But this video has given me a truly intuitive grasp, especially of the Fourth Equation. I can now appreciate the beauty of this most fundamental aspect of the universe, made possible through Maxwell's genius

[@arsenymun2028]

21:35 vintage 3blue1brown

[@shryoder]

*Lmao...*

[@evasuser]

superbly observed, +1.

[@u0dgellxna]

Old but gold.

[@mntlblok]

Precisely what came to my mind. Closest I've come yet to making sense of this stuff.

[@shocknawe14]

This entire series is a real gem! Thanks for uploading.

[@hg1288]

Having trying to understand how 'light-wave' is generated, after watching so many videos, This one is the Best and easily understood! Thanks

[@infiniteloops1879]

This is a gem, you can not always go back and find the resources of asking the right question which gives a ground breaking result.

[@fabiolimadasilva3398]

The essence of beauty. I have watched to this video during engineering basic course 31 years ago.

[@Chicken_Little_Syndrome]

Artists understand beauty. Engineers do not.

[@abdulrahmann.9024]

@@Chicken_Little_Syndrome wtf

[@fabiolimadasilva3398]

@@Chicken_Little_Syndrome it is a kind of beauty you can´t enjoy. I feel sorry for you.

[@unbendedurchin1821]

Art is harder than engineering coming from an EE who plays pian. He needs to show some respect though just as we show them

[@grinishkin]

One of the most important episodes in the series.

[@LydellAaron]

7:52 lines of force behaving as linked mechanical oscillators. 8:30 propagation types (twisting is also a valid wave type). 10:02 linked mechanical oscillators. 11:53 divide electric constant by magnetic constant for propagation of light constant. If you look at the wave propagation forms in 9:45 you will see that waves all have in common this interesting ratio of the "ability to move" vs the "ability to be restricted from moving." 23:05 waves of all frequency - e.g. polychromatic

[@jeffreysung1794]

This was made in mid 80. This professor was giving Lecture in Cal Tech Pasadena. I was 14 year old, it’s only on Local channel.

[@morpheus6749]

Nope. It was syndicated on PBS. It was everywhere PBS was accessible.

[@wardcampbell5885]

Special thanks to Caltec for this great presentation! Thank you so much!

[@lg2058]

These videos are captivating.

[@jurisbogdanovs1]

This is absolutely the best and simplest explanation of Maxwell's equations I have seen so far ... Great job!

[@matthoward8546]

5:26. that graphic made it clearer for me...out of hundreds I've seen.

[@jonathanlynch8372]

How very British. "Ah, so an oscillating electric field will induce an oscillating magnetic field and vice versa and this oscillation will travel at the speed of light. So light is an 'electromagnetic' wave......time for tea"

[@Chicken_Little_Syndrome]

An explanation that explains nothing. Circular reasoning is the tool of most PHDs.

[@Franciscasieri]

The symmetry of GALILEO's death and Newton's birth with FARADAY's discovery of Electromagnetic Induction and the birth of that little boy who would lose his mother at aged 8 with his death in the same year of the birth of Einstein brings me to tears.... It appears it was a result of a universal written equation...

[@OjashShrestha95]

SO SO SO SO SO SO Darn Grateful to this Initiative. The intuitions a young scientist can have from this video outclasses every prior knowledge on Maxwell's Equations.

[@marimarmarimar25]

A lesson like a dream... I am fan Maxwell... Excellent movie!

[@user-pb4jg2dh4w]

This is the most beautiful documentary I've ever seen 🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩🤩😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍😍❤❤❤❤❤❤❤

[@alitlweird]

I like the neat computer animations.

[@marc-andrebrunet5386]

Me too🤔 and I really love that

[@jeffwells1255]

A truly excellent lecture which demonstrates the value of a great teacher!

[@earnric]

I love the Mech Universe. I got the VHS tapes like 20 years ago... Still an awesome production.

[@morpheus6749]

I had the full set too. Bought them when I lived on the East Coast. Then I moved to So. Cal. and several years later a So. Cal. wildfire leveled my home along with the tapes, not far from Pasadena. Oh the irony.

[@marc-andrebrunet5386]

Yep !👍

[@Pedritox0953]

This video is a treasure !!

[@DavidSaintloth]

I'm an Engineer today because of this series: Facts.

[@fabiolimadasilva3398]

Me too, David!

[@marc-andrebrunet5386]

All My respect for Engineers sir 😎👍

[@carlasouza5194]

basic science research is super important. hats out for all theoretical physicists.

[@promasreemajumdar6915]

beautiful lecture heard in years!

[@marc-andrebrunet5386]

🤘!!!!!!!!!"The 80's" !!!!!!!!!👍 Notice the hypnotic Music during formula demonstration !

[@khushalsahni6058]

I have exams tomorrow, but I kinda feel relaxed after this video, no matter how I do on the paper, I am glad I came across this video

[@juliocamacho8354]

How did it went?

[@___xyz___]

dided he dieded?

[@juliocamacho8354]

@@___xyz___ Did he lose a shoe?

[@OjashShrestha95]

I hope you did well. Mine's on a month from today and couldn't be happier. The deep desire to intuitively understand Maxwell is truly gratifying.

[@ahappyimago]

This nigga failed!

[@nacialuo9332]

This is so well documented. I love the aesthetic of the demo animations. The background music is dope

[@amritpatel3794]

Great minds of Sir Isaac newton & James Clark Maxwell, brought the Enlightment yera.

[@MathsSciencePhilosophy]

This is the kind of videos I want. Well done ❤

[@kn9ioutom]

GREAT SCIENCE LECTURES !

[@sandycosmos2331]

Awesome video which explains basics of Maxwell's equations in a crystal clear manner.

[@alexgoldhaber1786]

Thank you Caltech for the series.

[@DavidSaintloth]

"It appears impossible for him to think incorrectly on physical subjects." GOD STATUS

[@jacobvandijk6525]

No, the status of a very intelligent HUMAN BEING! Stop referring to gods, please :-(

[@user-zz3zz3ov9u]

God status God status God status God status God status God status God status God status God status God status God status God status God status God status God status God status

[@shauryachowhan111]

@@user-zz3zz3ov9u maxwell would barf at your statement

[@marc-andrebrunet5386]

@@shauryachowhan111 😁👍

[@mybluemars]

I remember watching “The Mechanical Universe" on VHS in college. Great learning tool!

[@rolandbruno4664]

Filosofisch, natuurkundig, cultureel historisch gesproken sublieme video's! Prachtige parels, ik blijf ze bekijken!

[@damienthorne861]

Indeed sir!

[@holdmybeer]

the director of this film is amazing.

[@macmos1]

Saw this during my freshman year in college as a physics major. Still incredibly fascinating.

[@brendawilliams8062]

Electricians and their engineers are brilliant people

[@craigmckay3514]

I'm from Aberdeen and remember sitting in Marischal College (it's now the local Council headquarters) and thinking how many people trundle in and out of the building filling out council forms without realising that James Clerk Maxwell was there or the connection that one of the great names in physics had with Aberdeen.

[@davidwilkie9551]

What an excellent introduction, the real form follows function and recognition of the difference between a static recording of historical events from real-time continuous creation cause-effect connection Eternity-now Interval Conception, the eventuality of pure-math dynamic relative-timing, e-Pi-i sync-duration resonances. And "When the Student is ready, the Teacher will appear", that is resonance in 1-0-infinity probability Entanglement, and the explanation for Piaget Stages of Early Childhood - Beginning Teaching Development in Education programs. The 0-1-2-ness log-antilog reciprocation-recirculation potential condensation in/of instantaneous positioning Physics of this, is evidenced by Maxwell's Math-Physics Equations. So to divide the measure of Electric Condensation density-intensity Constant by the Magnetic Constant is to observe the relative-timing reciprocation-recirculation of logarithmic 0-1-2-3-4-etc exponentiation-ness superposition-> superimposed 0-1-2-ness in 3D-T picture-plane containment states of pure-math Perspective.., analogous to WYSIWYG in Saturnian Rings of phase-locked Logarithmic=> orthogonal-normal reciprocation-recirculation measure structure of coherence-cohesion. The result of Singularity-point omnidirectional-dimensional observation is the holography of riding in parallel with a line-of-sight beam of light, as Einsteinian Thought Experimentalist's Intuitions predicted, a ratio-rate condensation of Bose-Einsteinian coherence-cohesion objective location in the Eternity-now Universal standing wave-packaging Holographic Resonance Fusion-Fission Function. The "capacitor problem of E-M potential positioning applies directly to the electrogravitic positioning potential of ER=EPR shell-horizon density-intensity envelope-shaping-> Lensing orientation-observation resonance phase-locked phenomena. Electric Flux = Singularity-point Fluxion-Integral positioning in the Universal coherence-cohesion echo-chamber, Cavity Resonance, standing wave modulation holography dimensionality in Absolute zero-infinity, Sublimation-Tunnelling tuning-probability, Aether. John Donne said "No man is an Island", but everyone is entitled to their opinion in the sense-in-common Ocean of Consciousness.

[@mukundadevbehera5871]

Nice

[@gerontius1726]

Most understandable presentation i have seen on this subject - brilliant!

[@markjmaxwell9819]

A pretty cool guy to have as a namesake. I went to a Technical secondary school instead of a High school and then proceeded to do a trades certificate in Fitting and Turning which is similar to a machinist. We should be thanking all the people who contribute to modern science.... Curie Edison Newton the list is so extensive they all should be thanked for dragging us out of the dark ages.

[@jamesbentonticer4706]

I wish there were transcripts of Faraday and Maxwell's conversations!

[@michaelgonzalez9058]

Fools gold is the best conductor of eletrical flow

[@bryanfuentes1452]

this animation is a perfection :)

[@morpheus6749]

Indeed. All of it was created by Jim Blinn, a CGI pioneer and an engineering genius.

[@donfox1036]

I've always loved ’Maxwell’ Magic Hammer.’

[@marcellisrobinson]

The first 3 minutes can be sipped over, and then it gets interesting .... They should air this on PBS, as a Nova episode

[@morpheus6749]

The entire series ran on PBS for like two decades.

[@WhyDoesMyCodeNotCompile]

This video offered some great insights

[@andreranulfo-dev8607]

This lecture saved me!

[@nickharrison3748]

Great explanation

[@rexdalit3504]

Strangely, mathematical versions of 19th century warfare models may be expressed as homologs of (coupled systems of) Maxwell's equations. So in the end, both the war historian and the classical physicist were studying the same thing.

[@ankurbharti997]

That was one of the most beautiful lecture... Thankyou.

[@JohnSmith-zq9mo]

My jokes don't get that many laughs when I teach.

[@John-c4r1o]

He's very good at dry dad jokes, but actually you can tell that the class knows it's being filmed. You see it at the start when they rapidly go to preassigned seats. So don't be too hard on yourself. My physics teacher used to wear 2 pairs of glasses held together with tape and rubber bands, his pet cannonball 'Marmaduke'. He even dated my school report 20 years earlier. Brilliant and crazy.

[@williamwalker39]

Maxwell's equations were developed by many physicists who have their name on their equations: Gauss, Faraday, Ampere. Maxwell only added the displacement current to Ampere's law. But with this one final piece, Maxwell was able to show that EM fields propagate as a wave at approximately approxmately speed c. But the equations were not clearly stated as there are known today and involved 20 coupled equations, and this was later simplified by Heaviside who summarized the theory in 4 equations. But Maxwell incorrectly set the wave equation equal to zero, which is not valid when sources create light. Heaviside corrected this by setting the wave equation to a source and solving the resultant inhomogeneous partial differential equation. This revealed that the EM fields propagate non linearly in the nearfield and only approximately linearly in the farfield. Recently it was shown that the consequence is that speed of the fields are instantaneous in the nearfield and reduces to the speed of light in the farfield, about 1 wavelength from the source. This has recently been confirmed experimentally by several independent researchers. This corresponds the phase speed, group speed, and information speed. Any theory assuming the speed of light is a constant, such as Special Relativity and General Relativity are wrong, and it has implications to Quantum theories as well. So this fact about the speed of light affects all of Modern Physics. Often it is stated that Relativity has been verified by so many experiments, how can it be wrong. Well no experiment can prove a theory, and can only provide evidence that a theory is correct. But one experiment can absolutely disprove a theory, and the new speed of light experiments proving the speed of light is not a constant is such a proof. So what does it mean? Well a derivation of Relativity using instantaneous nearfield light yields Galilean Relativity. This can easily seen by inserting c=infinity into the Lorentz Transform, yielding the GalileanTransform, where time is the same in all inertial frames. So a moving object observed with instantaneous nearfield light will yield no Relativistic effects, whereas by changing the frequency of the light such that farfield light is used will observe Relativistic effects. But since time and space are real and independent of the frequency of light used to measure its effects, then one must conclude the effects of Relativity are just an optical illusion. Since General Relativity is based on Special Relativity, then it has the same problem. A better theory of Gravity is Gravitoelectromagnetism which assumes gravity can be mathematically described by 4 Maxwell equations, similar to to those of electromagnetic theory. It is well known that General Relativity reduces to Gravitoelectromagnetism for weak fields, which is all that we observe. Using this theory, analysis of an oscillating mass yields a wave equation set equal to a source term. Analysis of this equation shows that the phase speed, group speed, and information speed are instantaneous in the nearfield and reduce to the speed of light in the farfield. This theory then accounts for all the observed gravitational effects including instantaneous nearfield and the speed of light farfield. The main difference is that this theory is a field theory, and not a geometrical theory like General Relativity. Because it is a field theory, Gravity can be then be quantized as the Graviton. Lastly it should be mentioned that this research shows that the Pilot Wave interpretation of Quantum Mechanics can no longer be criticized for requiring instantaneous interaction of the pilot wave, thereby violating Relativity. It should also be noted that nearfield electromagnetic fields can be explained by quantum mechanics using the Pilot Wave interpretation of quantum mechanics and the Heisenberg uncertainty principle (HUP), where Δx and Δp are interpreted as averages, and not the uncertainty in the values as in other interpretations of quantum mechanics. So in HUP: Δx Δp = h, where Δp=mΔv, and m is an effective mass due to momentum, thus HUP becomes: Δx Δv = h/m. In the nearfield where the field is created, Δx=0, therefore Δv=infinity. In the farfield, HUP: Δx Δp = h, where p = h/λ. HUP then becomes: Δx h/λ = h, or Δx=λ. Also in the farfield HUP becomes: λmΔv=h, thus Δv=h/(mλ). Since p=h/λ, then Δv=p/m. Also since p=mc, then Δv=c. So in summary, in the nearfield Δv=infinity, and in the farfield Δv=c, where Δv is the average velocity of the photon according to Pilot Wave theory. Consequently the Pilot wave interpretation should become the preferred interpretation of Quantum Mechanics. It should also be noted that this argument can be applied to all fields, including the graviton. Hence all fields should exhibit instantaneous nearfield and speed c farfield behavior, and this can explain the non-local effects observed in quantum entangled particles. *KZbin presentation of above arguments: kzbin.info/www/bejne/qZazlX1tq7iErLM *More extensive paper for the above arguments: William D. Walker and Dag Stranneby, A New Interpretation of Relativity, 2023: vixra.org/abs/2309.0145 *Electromagnetic pulse experiment paper: www.techrxiv.org/doi/full/10.36227/techrxiv.170862178.82175798/v1 Dr. William Walker - PhD in physics from ETH Zurich, 1997

[@davidwilkie9551]

This is an excellent example of re-vision of the intellectual development of Mathematical potential possibilities as regulatory formulae. It's what I was taught, and it was overwhelmingly impressive at the time. Gradually the personal problems of relating it to ourselves as part of the mechanism got in the way of work requirements where the reasoning gets lost while empirical formulae are everything.., and then the whole process of teaching and learning is reiterated in another round from another point of view, less material and more subjective. The Totality of Spinfoam, an apparent mathematical cross-sectioning of Superspin Modulation, is not unlike Faraday's recognition of the micro connection before Maxwell formatted it into a numerically quantitative generalization. The same can be said for String Theory and QM-TIMESPACE yet to be re-formatted for e-Pi-i resonance, cause-effect modulation. Clear thinking new approaches are required. "You are me and I am you and we are all together" in Temporal Superposition-point Singularity, positioned in Phys-Chem connection to the projection drawing wave-package of axial-tangential In-form-ation formulae, combined perspective of unique multi-phase states of Time Timing, in Totality. As an aside, the Rings of Saturn, like the plane of the Solar System and Disk of the Galaxy, are examples of superimposed resonance, ..timing transition "flow" from the ditty.. "Big Whorles have little Whorles, that feed on their velocity, and little Whorles have lesser Whorles and so on to viscosity." It's the axial-now shifting, AM-FM communication of inherent e-Pi-i "superconducting" resonances, in the aspect of QM-Time field identified as Gravitation, ..Not surprisingly, it's confusing?

[@marcwatt355]

Maxwell is the man

[@babulroy3093]

Very well said about history. It is unfortunate that our politicians always glorify the political history for their own vested interest what actually has nothing to do with our present and future course of action; when they completely ignore the history of science and human knowledge that has so much to do with both of our present and future.

[@donfox1036]

Babul Roy, that's why we need historians of science.

[@douglasstrother6584]

Faraday's & Maxwell's contributions and collaboration are unsung in light of their consequences.

[@kenlogsdon7095]

Holy Mother of Hell, is THAT an understatement!

[@diffranticlen8996]

Freakin helll! So fulfilling. I think I almost cried.

[@morpheus6749]

I thought it was just me.

[@jamesgroccia239]

Wow. Maxwell was the oldest 32 year old ever.

[@12388696]

It's just beautiful!

[@ibrahimnoon]

So insightful and inspiring!

[@2sc458]

Still, difficult to grasp/imagine. Creative, smart people, especially considering their era.

[@txikitofandango]

RIP one of the greats D L Goodstein

[@Sunspot1225.]

I have to watch this again....and again and again. Maybe I will just remember the equation and leave it at that. Don't understand Einstein's either.😮😊

[@truejeffanderson]

The laugh track really helps the lame jokes hit home. Without dubbed laughter, how could I know where the jokes are?

[@truejeffanderson]

This video is very weird. It is a script about a class with a teacher that stands in front of a board with writing that he doesn't reference or change. The class is forced to watch a video and then the class is over. If there is a video on Electromagnetism, then why is there a surrounding sub-plot of it being shown in a classroom to a class that asks nothing, gets nothing from their teacher and then acts like zombies? I'm sorry for all you who love this video, but isn't it enough to show the video the teacher in the video showed to us, and leave out where the teacher and students pretend to be in a classroom watching it with me? I don't like this video, because the premise is too weird. I'd much rather watch a video about science where it is a real classroom with a real teacher saying something useful, instead of a staged classroom performance in order to what... make the audience think the video shown is great, because actors pretending to be their peers are liking it? This is just weird to me... please tell me why it is not weird and good for learning science like this?

[@bsul03420]

Superbly lucid video!

[@divyaarora158]

It's a great video Thank you for letting me understand it to a great extent. Please suggest me a book or any source to know the history of these theories from the scratch.

[@danbhakta]

You show me this man drinking tea, and by 6:12 I'm craving coffee.

[@morpheus6749]

Subtle subliminal messaging. OMG... I just had an epiphany... I gotta go... and thank you.

[@jondeere5638]

I apologize in advance if someone else has preceded me, some pertinent information is missing. The 4 equations presented are Maxwell-Heaviside vector equations. The original equations are 20 quaternion equations, which Heaviside converted to vectors. Faraday predicted that waves moved at the speed of light but couldn’t prove it. Further information on Faraday and Maxwell is presented in 'Einsteins big idea'.

[@philoso377]

Nice video and presentation. Is it fair to say that the prerequisites for light propagation are e0 and u0? Also that e0, u0 are attributes of light medium, Aether? Also that c isn’t a constant, instead is dependent of u0 and e0? Also that radiating solar wind increases the permittivity e0 and caused a permittivity gradient around solar that responsible for a velocity gradient of a passing light and hence bends it? That gravity bends light is out of ignorance in Aether ?

[@finddeniro]

He built on Faraday' s work..and George Riebau..Humphrey Davys..and Others.

[@darylcooper6090]

Pure genius

[@JC-je3jc]

This intro reeks of an 80's learn-to-type video

[@curiousbit9228]

Beautiful

[@jakisonojha8433]

Best explanation of Maxwell's equation. I was always wondered how Maxwell derived these equations and speed of light. I always was searching for how this was derived and this kind explaination. However I am not sure why he thought this speed is of em wave or light why not any other universal constant.

[@StoneShards]

"The magnetic and electric waves CREATE EACH OTHER"!!! OMG! That sounds...mystical!

[@gerontius1726]

Not "create each other". They are Manifestations of each other according to Maxwell's equations!

[@Mayank-mf7xr]

it is.

[@MS-cj8uw]

The strange thing is that the basic of all Maxwell's formulas is the mathematics of Gauss .. but Gauss doesn't mentioned in that report

[@maxziebell4013]

Thank you!

[@vedant6633]

Maxwell rocks!

[@marc-andrebrunet5386]

You got it🤘😎👍

[@denkingsbilliontv2156]

So intriguing... God bless you for this video

[@climbeverest]

Great stuff

[@GlynWilliams1950]

Great lecture

[@BilgeElitok]

Just in time!

[@marc-andrebrunet5386]

4 years ago😂.. just kidding

[@bagoquarks]

*DARJEELING OR EARL GREY?* Behind every scientific advance there's a great cup of tea.

[@michaelgonzalez9058]

There is friction in empty space

[@signoregatto6061]

I came like that thunder at 11:57

[@dwivedys]

Is there a playlist of all the videos on this series?

[@delb0y1967]

That was superb, great upload and superb teacher too, great sense of humour really helps you learn.

[@philoso377]

Remember that vacuum is empty of all matter except energy or Aether, and that e0 and u0 are attributes of Aether.

[@Silly.Old.Sisyphus]

what a marvellous way of explaining it. i can almost understand now!