Einstein and the Quantum: Entanglement and Emergence

#BrianGreene #blackholes #AlbertEinstein #quantummechanics
With his General Theory of Relativity, Einstein illuminated the grand expanse of the cosmos, but he was also instrumental in developing quantum mechanics for describing the microworld. In Einstein’s day, these advances were considered unrelated but recent insights suggest that they may be secretly connected-significantly advancing our understanding of quantum threads that may stitch the fabric of spacetime. Leonard Susskind, Ana Alonso-Serrano and Mark Van Raamsdonk join Brian Greene to examine this newfound link and explore its implications for uniting the laws of the large and those of the small.
This program is part of the Big Ideas series, supported by the John Templeton Foundation.
Participants
Leonard Susskind
Ana Alonso-Serrano
Mark Van Raamsdonk
Moderator
Brian Greene
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#LeonardSusskind #MarkVanRaamsdonk #AnaAlonsoSerrano #QuantumEntanglement

[@jeffronbeemw4620]

I have a grade 11 education I'm a Canadian oilfield worker. I find words science festival videos the greatest form of entertainment. My child hood and my upbringing led me down the path I'm on. Astronomy astrophysics studies on the stars and planets absolutely captivate my Imagination and my thoughts I watch these videos I'm 35 know but had I had the knowledge I had now I have now I would have if possible gone back in time re written my destiny and followed the path of science from high school. Anybody in any of these fields is an inspiration to me and I thank all of you you guys fuel my imagination and without you we would simply be stuck in a stone age rut. Congratulations to everyone who is at the top of their game I'm their field I sleep to these videos day in day out and you provide me with hope that someone will answer the questions why we are here where we are going and let's test the absolute limit of the human brain imagination and intelligence. Cheers to all academic students professors and professionals out there appreciate all of you. Love From an Alberta oilfield worker.

[@jsmith1909]

Knowledge is process...you know more than you think! Intuition is an underrated intelligence

[@DeathValleyDazed]

Thanks for harvesting our precious oil in spite of the current climate crisis hysteria. Keep up the good work!

[@dylanpaul7371]

Same dude, same

[@CalamitousJonathan]

We are here because I convinced the fleet to stop at a planet and we chose this one. Where we are going. Well, we were heading out past Pluto when we stopped to colonize Earth.

[@solexxx8588]

@@DeathValleyDazed Dumb comment

[@LiminalMan777]

Brian Greene's ability to use analogies has made this higher physics knowable without a degree and I will forever be thankful for that.

[@theGoogol]

Do you know the channel ParallaxNick?

[@PrivateSi]

You are deluded on so many levels.

[@JamesHawkeYouTube]

It's all fake baloney.

[@bibiayube677]

@@JamesHawkeKZbin the next time you fly in a plane just remember it's physics made that possible not prayers and religious nonsense, the device you use to write your stupid comment is because of science

[@brettbrannon4775]

@@theGoogol ParallaxNick is awesome, great analogies,information and content! Everybody should go check his channel💯😁

[@Carsten...]

Thank you Brian and everyone behind the scenes who make WSF, you are doing a great service!

[@russellzellers720]

Brian Greene is no slouch.

[@nivlakhera9]

Brian is just incredible- I loved physics growing up and wanted to be a quantum physicist but also loved medicine and became a doctor but my heart feels alive when I read any papers on quantum physics and attend such lectures - may be one day I will become physicist for now I learn through such amazing videos and papers thanks so so much

[@schmetterling4477]

But why are you working in a warehouse now? ;-)

[@Codduct]

@@schmetterling4477 you're mad weird

[@schmetterling4477]

@@Codduct I take that as a compliment. ;-)

[@duncanharvey3959]

@@schmetterling4477 😲🤣

[@pradeeppatel1328]

Don't sound like an idiot. Search universities for couses, not self-teach on youtube . ... And if u r doctor, n like quantum , join Quantum Biology field instead of physics .🙏

[@JoeyVol]

The team who came up with the intro, from the writing, to the computer art, to the conceptual design and general production should be extremely proud!

[@glomerol8300]

My only beef is with the white background for the guests.

[@youcostas]

Where is Tesla?

[@pennyoflaherty1345]

Costas Markou - He was driven off the show in a morgan!

[@frankwestphal8532]

Yeah, this was really refined and super high quality. I was impressed as well. Physicists get it done! I've said it so many times.... if we want our world systems to actually work (for example governments) we to not stop electing lawyers and get some physicists in there. But let's be honest, if you were a physicist, would you drop it to become a politician? Probably not. That would be one hell of downgrade...haha.

[@lesliegreenhill2389]

Well said, Rob. First class.

[@EricTViking]

So great to see Leonard Susskind on air! This is how physics should be presented - no egos, no showboating, just great minds discussing complex concepts that us mere mortals can begin to understand.

[@PrivateSi]

You snivelling Scientism worshipper.. As an engineer your type make me sick.. Susskind is a bully pushing bad ideas. I can't stand the guy. Magi-matic waster on a gravy train to nowhere useful. String Theory and The Holographic Universe... What a joke.. Theoretical physics and mega-science projects are total wastes of time, money and resources, including a hell of a lot of electricity... -- Still, when Fake-Green pseudoscience and bad science is pushed for Liberal profiteering and more useless development scams who can we trust... Certainly not the Scientific Dictatorship that these 3 gravy-train Science Luvvies love so much, as they're high up in it.

[@Danboi.]

So true. Ego's... 😔

[@onebylandtwoifbysearunifby5475]

He's a great explainer.

[@Sprout1200]

Leonard’s Stanford lectures on KZbin are excellent.

[@EricTViking]

@@Sprout1200 yes, a joy to watch 👍

[@Christopher._M]

The first 4 minutes is probably the best introduction to these two theory's I have heard from any Video.

[@DL-hg4un]

Brian Greene is so underrated. Thank you so much for your contents and excellent deliveries.

[@bennylloyd-willner9667]

I don't get why the term "underrated“ so often is used in comments to describe people that are very well known and loved world wide? No disrespect, I just can't understand it.

[@whirledpeas3477]

@@bennylloyd-willner9667 Agreed

[@danielamartins5129]

Seriously thank you. I particularly am sad that I never pursuid physics in my higher education as these are the subjects that bring colour to my life. I think it might not be praised enough that we still get to learn about these amazing ideas, even more so from the most incredible field experts, for free from anywhere in the world. I would like to take these few minutes to show my gratitude towards these actions and to professor Brian Greene! Thank you all for your contributions looking for answers (or more questions) and communicating us the findings, forever grateful.

[@youcostas]

Where is Tesla?

[@BossModeGod]

Hey Siri

[@frankbrown6716]

My other favorite source is Dr Becky for astrophysics, astronomy, supermassive black holes, dark matter, dark energy, etc.

[@youcostas]

@Productganda Tesla first introduced us to quantum field, also known from ancient Greece as ether

[@aprylvanryn5898]

@Frank Brown i would also recommend Anton Petrov, Isaac Arthur and Event Horizon

[@adrianacarreno1678]

I loved when you take a glance at Mark listening to Leonard speak because he just has the biggest smile on his face. You can tell how much respect everyone has for each other and their individual interpretations. This was a phenomenal listen and I can’t wait for more.

[@jttremblaysensei3772]

How many genders are there? What is a woman?

[@EnigmaValdez]

Right?

[@nothissfakiannis4990]

@adrianacarreno1678 Agreed! ❤❤

[@hernando-d]

Nice to see Prof. Susskind again.

[@glitch314]

A huge thank you to Prof Greene and the team for putting together this amazing discussion. It was easy to follow for a simple man like me and the graphics were really helpful and non-intrusive in helping understand these enormously complex ideas (especially the last bit about entanglement and space ripping itself apart...). I love Prof Susskind to bits and it's always a privilege to listen to him talking. His students are the luckiest people in history. I am so happy to be alive in this century and be able to listen to the greatest minds from my living room.

[@NomenNescio99]

Brian is an awesome science communicator.

[@apexpredator1018]

Fact.

[@MySonicDragon]

Sometimes I can't help but.. Think that.. He speaks a little like.. William Shatner but.. I love him all the same 😎😅

[@PrivateSi]

Awesome at preaching sci-woo and magi-matical, unrealistic nonsense theories such as string theory and other BS like the Holographic Universe. He is just contributing to the deep, fundamental confusion and cognitive dissonance all theoretical fundy 'physicists' (mathematicians now-a-days) suffer from.

[@uapnz0698]

He is attractive too, so that's a thing..... Oh hey Brian 👋👋 Don't' mind me 🥝😂🤠

[@PrivateSi]

​@@ZeroOskul .. You people are lost in artificial space... The base field clearly has to be some kind of crystal-like, regular, close-packed matter-energy field as it has to be a WAVE MEDIUM.. -- (Non-big bang) matter creation always involves other matter, ie, protons or neutrons (in a nucleus).. Positronium is what forms just before an entangled electron-positron pair a annihilate, when they are extremely close and getting closer. You can't make new matter out of just light, you have to fire matter or light as matter. -- It is clearly a self-balancing ELECTRO-POSITRONIC base field of +ve cells (balls, quanta, base charge +1) close-packed by free-flowing, displace-able, compress-able -ve 'gas'.. It is NOT a load of 'mass/gravity force balls' kept apart by dark anti-mass/gravity 'gas' which is the other option to form a close-packed base field wave medium.. -- Knock a cell free and it warps the field out while the excess -ve gas hole pulls the field. Each over-balance, so cells get too close and squeeze out their balancing -ve gas, then repel each other, squeezing gas back in.. It is helpful for gravity force and spin force purposes to make electrons and positrons '-ve gas pumps'. sucking in gas straighter and straighter, with curved out-flows.... -- This causes a macro, gravitational charge density gradient and immense acceleration to the centre of particles can be used for the STRONG MASS FORCE field is stretched inwardly with a (relatively) max-packed cells at the core.. This forms proton=hydrogen energy level shells.. Band of +ve cells and -ve gas... -- Protons are 2 positrons with an electron in the middle, bound by the strong mass force.. It is (far) more likely 2 positrons collide with an electron to form a positron than 2 electrons collide at exact;y the right time and angle to form an anti-proton, thus SYMMETRY IS BROKEN, but not broken fundamentally (positrons and electrons are still always formed in pairs). The net result is a HYDROGEN PLASMA SOUP after the Big Bang (MATTER FORMATION event followed by matter formation chain reaction). -- Neutrons, as all experiments show, are Protons with an electron. In a nucleus these electrons are used to bond 1 or more protons (nuclear force). If all this isn't obvious to you. from countless experiments there's no hope for fundy physics. ALL evidence points to this. Black Holes are DARK CRYSTAL.. Probably an electron-positron crystal but possibly like one giant atom - a Nuclear Force Crystal... -- Entangled Electrons and Positrons can connected by a an INSTANT OFF 'Flux Tube' of cells vibrating longitudinally on the spot (AC base current).. When broken all cells stop vibrating by the end of the next tick.

[@BariScienceLab]

Ohhhhh my God! I wait for these episodes like most people wait for the next Tom Cruise movie! Thank God for Brian Greene, for showing us the beauty of Physics!!

[@communitycollegegenius9684]

Sooo unusual. I have never in my life heard of anyone wanting to see Tom Cruise in anything. Most normal people tolerate him in otherwise compelling stories and avoid him in everything else. We do NOT want to support such behaviors by employing those espousing them. Cruise' abusive religion and your comment mentioning the invisible man is curious/unusual for a person awaiting another science forum. Welcome to our group, you are a refreshing change. BUT it might help you to enjoy the world and understand complex relationships by ridding yourself of contradictory ideas. There is no god. If there was it is seriously unlikely that he would be yours, there is virtually no chance that he would change the entire universe (by answering prayers) just for you. Yes, everything has a cause, but the cause is never magic. And Mr. Greene spells his name "Brian". He is a science communicator. His job is to dumb down the content so that barely human apes can understand it. If you are NOT completely annoyed by the never ending repetition of phrases like "spooky action at a distance" then yes this content is intended for you. It is first a commercial advertisement to increase science spending. It is in and of itself entertainment (jibber jabber) for the lowest common denominator.

[@evolutionrhythm4416]

Oh thank Brian Green for God (since making leaps of faith is how some folk write)

[@kiwikevnz]

100% Yes, me too.

[@lanceroberthough1275]

Agreed. Who the hell is Tom Cruise?

[@dEadERest]

@@communitycollegegenius9684 , you are a punk and there's probably a beat down in your future 🍻💐

[@kevinmccarthy8746]

My first encounter with quantum physics was when the gyms shut down over the Covid 19 period. I was exploring the star formation information out there and one thing led to another and I started at the beginning with the STANDARD MODEL. I was so fascinated with this new reality I regretted ever playing sports. Quantum Entanglement really blew my mind. All these people trying to solve this incredible problem of determining how the altered spin of one particle can effect the spin of the related molecule regardless of distance, was just amazing. All from trying to learn about the formation of stars and the elements. Thank you.

[@souvikchakraborty3095]

The best modern day video explaining such complex things like information paradox, holograms and AMPS so elegantly and easily. All thanks to world science festival and Brian greene. Hope He doesn't stop with such videos. This was by far the best simple explanation on the entire realm of QM and space's connectivity.

[@Yagyaansh]

The quality of these videos have risen exponentially...

[@frankwestphal8532]

I hope to see more of Ana. I can imagine discussing concepts like this in depth in your non native language would be extremely difficult. But I also think that in situations like that, the different viewing angle can be very revealing. For example, there are words in native culture's languages that describe entire concepts in the English language, and vice versa. Sometimes things that are hidden from one perspective become obvious when looked at from another, because parallels between concepts emerge, beyond the language itself. I think I may have just broken my brain.... hahaha. Anyway, I love these. Thanks to everyone who was on it, and of course Brian!

[@hughgibbstv]

Wonderfully explained and very clever point. I like to add. It's almost like truth is emerging behind the construct of language. We use words as stepping stones to explain and make meaning of the world around us. Then when you have people from different parts of the world using those stepping stones in different ways, but reaching the same realisation or conclusion - that's when I believe that massive discoveries and new knowledge is shining through. Also like you said; the parrelels emerge. So yes I know exactly what you mean. It makes perfect sense 💯

[@reimannx33]

Suuurrre, you want to see more if ana. I would suggest that you get some fresh air and not be cooped up in your basement for long hours :)

[@damiensobczak4969]

Agh Leonard you used to be a great physicist… Well news flash… You still are a great physicist!! And your unbiased theoretical conversation on a great topic was very insightful, I love how you pay homage to your colleagues and the work they have put into the theories as well. Professor Greene, what a genius he is! His ability to summarise complex and comprehensive equations so elegantly to allow all viewers to gain an understanding of the fundamental principles! Bang on! I love Physics!!! Bravo 👏

[@nulfire]

Can't believe I missed this by 3 weeks!! So thanks a lot for having it available. Amazing work/panel/discussion. A serious question for Brian Greene re ST tearing within Calabi-Yau spaces and branes. (if you ever read this). Listening hard with a sense of awe, wonderment, curiosity and effort, love it!

[@mccloysong]

Wow. The intro is so succinctly explained. Years of deeply complicated theory condensed into a very lean ten minutes. Phenomenally written and delivered.

[@karmasutra4774]

This is why I binge all these… I understand enough just to be dangerous

[@lawrencedewan9838]

YES!! You said it.... THEORY!!!

[@everythingisalllies2141]

yes, I laughed so hard while listening to fools and liars discuss how stupid Einsteins theories are.

[@neildown7231]

@@everythingisalllies2141 But they are stupid. Gravity is a force which is why you use your muscles to stand🤪

[@everythingisalllies2141]

@@neildown7231 Yes, I get your point, but Im sure they wont. If curving spacetime makes us imagine that there is a force that keeps us on the ground, and curved spacetime did not require a force to get curved, then we shouldn't need to use a real force to counter it, right? What effort do we use to keep from being sucked onto a wall? none. If curved spacetime is not "forcing" us anywhere, and we are not trying to move anywhere either, then whats countering our muscular forces that we have to use just to stay on our feet? What are we pushing against? Spacetime is a BS concept, an idea invented by an idiot, not a Physicist. Gravity is a FORCE, like Magnetism is a FORCE.

[@aBradApple]

Yet another marvelous production from the World Science Festival. I wait for every new episode as if sitting at the edge of my seat as these brilliant, hardworking individuals reveal more details about the saga we call “life”. Thank you so much, Brian Greene, for taking the time to help connect us with all of this valuable insight.

[@jasonkaras530]

Please keep these amazing episodes coming. Brian Greene is so good at bringing everything and everyone together to present these amazing theories to all. Compelling with stellar production. More please.

[@Dr10Jeeps]

These discussions put on by the WSF and hosted by Brian Greene are always informative, always entertaining, and always fascinating. Thank you.

[@roxinouchet]

ER = EPR, so thrilling. Thanks to all this humans for their wonderful work and dedication !

[@j_t_p]

Another way of putting it, is that everything is interconnected? But will leave it to science for giving us the details of how we should understand those connections. I don't have any problems with that - it appears to be an exciting field of science.

[@christwins1]

@@j_t_p Jesus Christ saved the entire world before the foundation of the world. That includes you. And everything else. Predestination. THINK ABOUT IT ALL. Colossians 1:12-21 “Giving thanks unto the Father, which hath made us meet to be partakers of the inheritance of the saints in light: Who hath delivered us from the power of darkness, and hath translated us into the kingdom of his dear Son: In whom we have redemption through his blood, even the forgiveness of sins: Who is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of every creature: For by him were all things created, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible, whether they be thrones, or dominions, or principalities, or powers: all things were created by him, and for him: And he is before all things, and by him all things consist. And he is the head of the body, the church: who is the beginning, the firstborn from the dead; that in all things he might have the preeminence. For it pleased the Father that in him should all fulness dwell; And, having made peace through the blood of his cross, by him to reconcile all things unto himself; by him, I say, whether they be things in earth, or things in heaven. And you, that were sometime alienated and enemies in your mind by wicked works, yet now hath he reconciled.”

[@sekyitara2287]

Hawking concept is quite interesting if I have understood it properly. When all colours of pain is mixed it turns out black, and that happens when you give a good shake of all colours together. Could it be…many ER creates EPR??? And EPR creates fields of magnetism and the gravity??? What do you think?

[@christwins1]

@@ZeroOskul 2 Corinthians 5:19. “My Lord and my God.”

[@youcostas]

Where is Tesla?

[@jazminebellx11]

Thank you so much for this. Really happy to see Leonard Susskind again as well.

[@youcostas]

Where is Tesla?

[@BossModeGod]

@@youcostas he’s around

[@BossModeGod]

@@youcostas wYa?👀

[@beth16440]

I'm so glad Brian Greene exists to be able to explain this so eloquently.

[@sheikhislam8853]

Wonderful! I am a social scientist, not understand Physics that much. But the WSF made complex ideas extremely easy for us to understand and internalise. I am sure that these works will last long, maybe people will see how we people talked about these issues in future when some of the unresolved ambiguities will be settled. Big thanks to all of you who contributed in making the production amazing.

[@schmetterling4477]

You are making a good case for the abolition of social sciences. ;-)

[@foodforthesoul1326]

So, not a scientist at all then...

[@DaveWhoa]

Leonard Susskind is 81! we're SO PRIVILEGED to still be able to hear from him

[@triberium_]

Susskind explaining the ER=EPR was pure knowledge gold

[@Mizzkan]

Yes but you still do not understand it

[@kenadams5504]

If this proves to be true, t-shirts will say er=epr in 2,050. Like e= mc2 now.

[@feynmanschwingere_mc2270]

@@kenadams5504 And it was Einstein that came up with all 3 ideas lol.

[@KarmicBeats]

12:28 I offer a slight correction. Schrödinger did not make that statement long before the EPR paper and could not have, as entanglement was not even known before the EPR paper. Schrödinger coined the phrase Verschränkung (translated by himself as entanglement ) in a letter to Einstein. He then wrote a paper published later in 1935 "Discussion of probability relations between separated systems". Where he makes the statement referred to by Brian Greene "I would not call [entanglement] one but rather the characteristic trait of quantum mechanics, the one that enforces its entire departure from classical lines of thought."

[@feynmanschwingere_mc2270]

You sir are one VERY well-read intellectual. Only somebody who reads profusely on the history of physics would know that arcane fact (as I do). Not only did Einstein come up with entanglement before Schordinger, he came up with the semi-classical limit for the Schrodinger Equation - basically offering up the full quantum version of the equation on a plate (which is why Schrodinger, and Max Born, thanked Einstein in their Nobel Prize commentary after they won the award). And here's the thing, Entanglement was staring all those other geniuses right in the fact - bohr, von neumann, born, schrodinger, heisenberg, etc. But Einstein had correctly identified, decades before John Bell's (and Alain Aspect's) experiments testing entanglement, that one of the two had to be falsified if entanglement were true, relativity was violated or the principle of locality was violated (and he realized this decades before any empirical evidence was available). I could go on for pages about the history of quantum mechanics and how CRIMINALLY underrated Einstein's contributions are to the entire field (several ideas are named after other scientists when Einstein was actually the first to discover them - e.g. the Raleigh Jeans Laws, the Boson, for two examples out of many). Einstein is well known for his rejection of quantum mechanics in the form it emerged from the work of Heisenberg, Born and Schrodinger in 1926. Much less appreciated are the many seminal contributions he made to quantum theory prior to his final scientific verdict: that the theory was at best incomplete. Einstein, much more than Planck, introduced the concept of quantization of energy in atomic mechanics. Einstein proposed the photon, the first force-carrying particle discovered for a fundamental interaction, and put forward the notion of wave-particle duality, based on sound statistical arguments 14 years before De Broglie’s work. He was the first to recognize the intrinsic randomness in atomic processes, and introduced the notion of transition probabilities, embodied in the A and B coefficients for atomic emission and absorption. He also preceded Born in suggesting the interpretation of wave fields as probability densities for particles, photons, in the case of the electromagnetic field. Finally, stimulated by Bose, he introduced the notion of indistinguishable particles in the quantum sense and derived the condensed phase of bosons, which is one of the fundamental states of matter at low temperatures. It was Einstein who discovered the the semiclassical limit of the Schrodinger Equation. His work on quantum statistics in turn directly stimulated Schrodinger towards his discovery of the fully quantum wave equation of quantum mechanics. It was only due to his rejection of the final theory that he is not generally recognized as the most central figure in this historic achievement of human civilization. The Boson should have been named after him given that it was him, and not Bose, that created the theory (in condensed matter physics) that led to it's discovery. Einstein is usually revered as the father of special and general relativity (which he is). But he is also the father of Solid State Physics, as well as the broader version known as Condensed Matter Physics (including liquids). His 1907 article on the specific heat of solids introduces, for the first time, the effect of lattice vibrations on the thermodynamic properties of crystals, in particular the specific heat. His 1905 article on the photoelectric effect and photoluminescence opened the fields of photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Other important achievements include the aforementioned Bose-Einstein condensation and the Einstein relation between the diffusion coefficient an mobility. It was Einstein that was the first to quantize the radiation field and the first to correctly derive phonons. Between 1902 and 1920, 20 years, Albert Einstein was the only significant physicist of any repute in Europe who believed energy was quantized - it took Bohr many years to believe in quantized energy. He rederived the entire foundations of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics from first principles (he essentially did everything J.W. Gibbs did by the age of 23 - something he isn't even known for, a remarkable feat), he solved the centuries old Tea Leaf Paradox on a whim, he essentially launched Quantum Information Theory with the first paper on the subject now known as the "EPR Paradox" paper. Einstein, with contributions from Otto Stern, was the first to derive the correct value for zero-point energy (also known as zero-point motion), 10 years BEFORE Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle (which, if you understand physics, is a truly remarkable feat). Einstein came up with wormholes (Einstein-Rosen bridges) which could bridge quantum theory and relativity; he also discovered quantum entanglement (EPR Correlations). Absolutely remarkable. And I haven't even address his many, many other contributions to science (e.g. physical chemistry, Gyroscopes, telemetry etc). Sources: Douglas Stone (Head of Applied Physics at Yale University) wrote a book on the early history of quantum mechanics "Einstein and the Quantum: The Quest of the Valiant Swabian" - he argues that Einstein should have won 7 to 10 Nobel Prizes. John Stachel - Boston University Physicist and the first editor of the Einstein Papers Project. T.S. Kuhn's book "Black-Body Theory and the Quantum Discontinuity, 1894-1912" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Einstein is imho the greatest scientist of all time; he essentially launched modern physics as we know it. In many respects, especially in my field (condensed matter) he's criminally underrated. We never discover the Lamb Shift without Einstein. He possessed an absolutely monstrous intellect (beat mathematics giant David Hilbert to the correct field equations of GR, while being sick as a dog, and after TEACHING Hilbert the theory). Monstrous.

[@lukemurray-smith5454]

Aaah, I can't believe this one escaped my notice for so long whilst I struggled along trying to find a method to think of black hole connectivity and getting myself in such a knot. This is so well presented and explained thank you so much for your dedication and work to bring such things into clarity for others.

[@333STONE]

It is amazing how reality converges when you are in tune with it.

[@hunterkudo9832]

can you explain it more to me?

[@333STONE]

@@hunterkudo9832 I am referring to the instances in my personal journey to truth. Meaning that when you seek the truth, the information floods or finds you in a way that is obvious. In my experience I've often set out to find out, and it somehow finds me. Reality is born through our perceptions and our perceptions are what reality provides. If you pay attention reality speaks.

[@hunterkudo9832]

@@333STONE Thank you. I also find that to be true. I will continue to seek truth.

[@333STONE]

@@hunterkudo9832 thank you, and this may be from far left field. But look to the central courtyard of the Vatican for the ultimate Truth. 👁✝️👁

[@hunterkudo9832]

@@333STONE It looks like a sword, and I see the circle with 8 rays but not sure what it represents tbh.

[@paulc96]

* * * * Hi Professor Brian, I hope you are keeping well. Many thanks for this excellent WSF lecture. I have been looking forward to it since you first mentioned planning it, back on "Your Daily Equation". It certainly lived up to my expectations. And it's always great to see Prof. Lenny Susskind - a Grand Master of theoretical physics. I would love to watch another hour of this Talk - perhaps there might be a Part 2 sometime ? Many Thanks again Prof. Brian, and best wishes - from Paul C. * * * *

[@AlokKumar-ym8bl]

Excellent way of explaining..so clear and loud voice 👌...thank you sir Brian Greene 🙏

[@you2tooyou2too]

I was gratified & enticed by Dr. Susskind’s implication of the time ‘shear’ near the Event Horizon(EH) because it supports questions I have been asking for years about the structure of a black hole, (which is commonly dismissed as “an unexplainable singularity at the center of the EH”). That, I have long believed is nonsensical without mention of relative rates of time layering. I note that Feynman's QED is not actually sensible, explanatory, or even rational but only exquisitely descriptive. This vid also illuminated for me, the ubiquitous ‘hairiness’ of the universe as a thick tangle of ER/EPR entanglement ‘filaments’ stretched in at least 4D by an infinitude of time sheared partners. I think this makes the universe a relatively big, but very tiny place.

[@QveenXsiren]

The ultimate question is, how do we as entities/species/AI/bioengineered sentient beings connect directly to it all. Everything is inter-connected from the myths of the Greeks and Egyptians to the tales of the annunaki to the wide constellations and dying stars and nebulas and to the cosmos and also to the science of particles and subatomic particles. In quantum mechanics/physics, energy doesn’t die, and everything has a Place, just like in classical physics…. everything is in a connected somehow …😊So, I’m trying to figure out the “how” and “who’s who” in and of that theories connection. Is it something divine and forth written in our universe or in undiscovered laws or is there a big magic hand or mind that controls it all? I refuse to believe it is all random.

[@alexeymosin]

The Masters are back in all their glory! It's a great to see WSF back on stage. The highest level of discussion, concept and production.Thank you! May the Force be with you!

[@tokajileo5928]

When Einstein said Spooky action he was not referring to the concrete example of this entanglement but the immediate collapse of the wave function which requires no space and time to happen.

[@feynmanschwingere_mc2270]

Bingo. He was the one who discovered Entanglement to begin with. It was staring Bohr, Von Neuman, Born etc all in the face, but it took Einstein to flesh out the truly bizarre properties of QM. Einstein is well known for his rejection of quantum mechanics in the form it emerged from the work of Heisenberg, Born and Schrodinger in 1926. Much less appreciated are the many seminal contributions he made to quantum theory prior to his final scientific verdict: that the theory was at best incomplete. Einstein, much more than Planck, introduced the concept of quantization of energy in atomic mechanics. Einstein proposed the photon, the first force-carrying particle discovered for a fundamental interaction, and put forward the notion of wave-particle duality, based on sound statistical arguments 14 years before De Broglie’s work. He was the first to recognize the intrinsic randomness in atomic processes, and introduced the notion of transition probabilities, embodied in the A and B coefficients for atomic emission and absorption. He also preceded Born in suggesting the interpretation of wave fields as probability densities for particles, photons, in the case of the electromagnetic field. Finally, stimulated by Bose, he introduced the notion of indistinguishable particles in the quantum sense and derived the condensed phase of bosons, which is one of the fundamental states of matter at low temperatures. It was Einstein who discovered the the semiclassical limit of the Schrodinger Equation. His work on quantum statistics in turn directly stimulated Schrodinger towards his discovery of the fully quantum wave equation of quantum mechanics. It was only due to his rejection of the final theory that he is not generally recognized as the most central figure in this historic achievement of human civilization. The Boson should have been named after him given that it was him, and not Bose, that created the theory (in condensed matter physics) that led to it's discovery. Einstein is usually revered as the father of special and general relativity (which he is). But he is also the father of Solid State Physics, as well as the broader version known as Condensed Matter Physics (including liquids). His 1907 article on the specific heat of solids introduces, for the first time, the effect of lattice vibrations on the thermodynamic properties of crystals, in particular the specific heat. His 1905 article on the photoelectric effect and photoluminescence opened the fields of photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Other important achievements include the aforementioned Bose-Einstein condensation and the Einstein relation between the diffusion coefficient an mobility. It was Einstein that was the first to quantize the radiation field and the first to correctly derive phonons. Between 1902 and 1920, 20 years, Albert Einstein was the only significant physicist of any repute in Europe who believed energy was quantized - it took Bohr many years to believe in quantized energy. He rederived the entire foundations of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics from first principles (he essentially did everything J.W. Gibbs did by the age of 23 - something he isn't even known for, a remarkable feat), he solved the centuries old Tea Leaf Paradox on a whim, he essentially launched Quantum Information Theory with the first paper on the subject now known as the "EPR Paradox" paper. Einstein, with contributions from Otto Stern, was the first to derive the correct value for zero-point energy (also known as zero-point motion), 10 years BEFORE Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle (which, if you understand physics, is a truly remarkable feat). And I haven't even address his many, many other contributions to science (e.g. physical chemistry, Gyroscopes, telemetry etc). Sources: Douglas Stone (Head of Applied Physics at Yale University) wrote a book on the early history of quantum mechanics "Einstein and the Quantum: The Quest of the Valiant Swabian" - he argues that Einstein should have won 7 to 10 Nobel Prizes. John Stachel - Boston University Physicist and the first editor of the Einstein Papers Project. T.S. Kuhn's book "Black-Body Theory and the Quantum Discontinuity, 1894-1912" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Einstein is the greatest scientist of all time, essentially launched modern physics as we know it. In some respects, he's underrated. Absolutely monstrous intellect.

[@feynmanschwingere_mc2270]

Einstein is well known for his rejection of quantum mechanics in the form it emerged from the work of Heisenberg, Born and Schrodinger in 1926. Much less appreciated are the many seminal contributions he made to quantum theory prior to his final scientific verdict: that the theory was at best incomplete. Einstein, much more than Planck, introduced the concept of quantization of energy in atomic mechanics. Einstein proposed the photon, the first force-carrying particle discovered for a fundamental interaction, and put forward the notion of wave-particle duality, based on sound statistical arguments 14 years before De Broglie’s work. He was the first to recognize the intrinsic randomness in atomic processes, and introduced the notion of transition probabilities, embodied in the A and B coefficients for atomic emission and absorption. He also preceded Born in suggesting the interpretation of wave fields as probability densities for particles, photons, in the case of the electromagnetic field. Finally, stimulated by Bose, he introduced the notion of indistinguishable particles in the quantum sense and derived the condensed phase of bosons, which is one of the fundamental states of matter at low temperatures. It was Einstein who discovered the the semiclassical limit of the Schrodinger Equation. His work on quantum statistics in turn directly stimulated Schrodinger towards his discovery of the fully quantum wave equation of quantum mechanics. It was only due to his rejection of the final theory that he is not generally recognized as the most central figure in this historic achievement of human civilization. The Boson should have been named after him given that it was him, and not Bose, that created the theory (in condensed matter physics) that led to it's discovery. Einstein is usually revered as the father of special and general relativity (which he is). But he is also the father of Solid State Physics, as well as the broader version known as Condensed Matter Physics (including liquids). His 1907 article on the specific heat of solids introduces, for the first time, the effect of lattice vibrations on the thermodynamic properties of crystals, in particular the specific heat. His 1905 article on the photoelectric effect and photoluminescence opened the fields of photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Other important achievements include the aforementioned Bose-Einstein condensation and the Einstein relation between the diffusion coefficient an mobility. It was Einstein that was the first to quantize the radiation field and the first to correctly derive phonons. Between 1902 and 1920, 20 years, Albert Einstein was the only significant physicist of any repute in Europe who believed energy was quantized - it took Bohr many years to believe in quantized energy. He rederived the entire foundations of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics from first principles (he essentially did everything J.W. Gibbs did by the age of 23 - something he isn't even known for, a remarkable feat), he solved the centuries old Tea Leaf Paradox on a whim, he essentially launched Quantum Information Theory with the first paper on the subject now known as the "EPR Paradox" paper. Einstein, with contributions from Otto Stern, was the first to derive the correct value for zero-point energy (also known as zero-point motion), 10 years BEFORE Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle (which, if you understand physics, is a truly remarkable feat). And I haven't even address his many, many other contributions to science (e.g. physical chemistry, Gyroscopes, telemetry etc). Sources: Douglas Stone (Head of Applied Physics at Yale University) wrote a book on the early history of quantum mechanics "Einstein and the Quantum: The Quest of the Valiant Swabian" - he argues that Einstein should have won 7 to 10 Nobel Prizes. John Stachel - Boston University Physicist and the first editor of the Einstein Papers Project. T.S. Kuhn's book "Black-Body Theory and the Quantum Discontinuity, 1894-1912" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Einstein is the greatest scientist of all time, essentially launched modern physics as we know it. In some respects, he's underrated. Absolutely monstrous intellect.

[@teknoaija1762]

Why both entangled particles measure as heads?Shouldn t other turn into tails the instant other is observed as heads?What happens to conservation??

[@irshadmangetti8928]

Such an amazing discussion.. thanks to all those who are behind this

[@JJs_playground]

I can literally listen / watch Brian explain how paint dries and it would be interesting. I don't know what it is about him, his delivery is always so interesting. I wish he was my highschool teacher. Also big applause to the people doing the animation / CGI.

[@foodforthesoul1326]

Your gay dude. Obviously. Look at your thumbnail...

[@thingsiplay]

Brian Greene is to me the Carl Sagan of today.

[@heldercapela]

good quotation , I use to watch Carl Sagan

[@Dismythed]

Until he acquires a mysterious aura that oozes, inspires and injects imagination with every word, no. It will be a long time before another Carl Sagan, with the cahonas to infuse every word with drama, appears.

[@thingsiplay]

@@Dismythed to me

[@Dismythed]

@@thingsiplay I wouldn't want to take that from you. Cheers. 🙂

[@marcocambray7725]

Whats new dough?

[@albeeh6316]

As a sociologist reading quantum mechanics for the last five years, I must say thank you to the host and his colleagues for discussing the 'mystery' of quantum entanglement on this wonderful forum. I am using 'classical theory' to understand society and I am not getting anywhere!. However, when I apply quantum mechanics to understand social life and society, I find that I can easily explain society in terms of quantum mechanics...but I also understand that nobody understands quantum mechanics!

[@schmetterling4477]

So how's your fast food server/parking lot attendant job search going? ;-)

[@allhdmoviescene1294]

i'm somputer science student but i love physics so much that every free time i have i go to college lib and study physics mainly quantum and general. sometimes from free resources from like stanford available in youtube . sir leonard susskind lectures are good

[@stodgycat]

Somputers will change the world, others won't...

[@kreynolds1123]

1) Could background gravitational wave constructive and destructive interference effect quantum tunneling? 2) Could quantum tunneling be an example of traversing tiny worm holes?

[@KemicalDR]

James Webb should be able to help us answer some of these questions in a few months.

[@nathangurevitch4506]

Yes and we have Structures within the human brain that deal directly with Quantum tunnelling

[@extraterrestrialorganism7940]

@@nathangurevitch4506 what is that!?

[@Codduct]

@@extraterrestrialorganism7940 I think he's trying to say neurosynapses lmaooo

[@extraterrestrialorganism7940]

@@Codduct really? Thank you for the answer! I was really wondering what it was :)

[@jccusell]

Susskind at 81. Incredible.

[@greggary7217]

The guy is a force of nature. I can’t remember half of what I just saw and look at him. What a gift to the world.

[@JoseMTamez]

Mind boggling and Mark's description was mind blowing. This was awesome hearing three top scientist discussing a field that's not completely understood. They were providing ideas and some insight into what might be happening. Using wormholes to close the gap, or to think this is what's providing the entanglement. I'm babbling and I have to go back and hear this several more times before making another stupid comment....lol

[@dmarch8587]

incredible content btw... clearly articulated. easy for a the person to understand.. even if they say if you get it you don't get it ... your explanations were so clear... even though none us get it we got this explanation

[@NikkiTrudelle]

I knew the two papers were related! I’m so excited I found this! Great conversation with very smart people.

[@umeshshende7540]

How light moves through space? If light is a wave then there must be anything in space due to which light is propagating. Do u have ans

[@wanderingtravellerAB99]

@@umeshshende7540 that idea was abandoned many years ago. It was called "the ether" but it does not exist. No medium required for light.

[@umeshshende7540]

@@wanderingtravellerAB99 But it doesn't gives sense. How light propagates through space????. It is still bending my mind

[@simonm3951]

@@umeshshende7540 Because photons are massless quantum particles that can travel through anything. It doesnt require a medium to propagate.

[@umeshshende7540]

@@simonm3951 Massless particles didn't giving any sense. But what are Massless Quantum Particles and how can they travel through anything?

[@David-di5bo]

Wow we get this and another History of the Universe video on the same day?! Best KZbin day in a long time.

[@DianaPrince-dt6nf]

These discussions put on by the WSF and hosted by Brian Greene are always informative, always entertaining, and always fascinating.

[@johnbro6261]

The end result of complexity is simplicity. Bravo, you three! Two cents in on the quarters being heads or tails: Consider that the distance between universes is a state of equilibrium. Meaning, that temperature is in stasis. -273 Kelvin becomes a function of structure in which property ceases to apply. The space between universes may be a void, being the opposite of matter and energy, possibly with temperature being undefined by the properties of the singularities in separate created universes. Time, space, distance, energy, matter, and temperature define the relationships of celestial structures. Creation implies the primordial explosion from the singularity to experience evolving into complexity towards eventual entropy. A finite universe is a limitation: Eventually the last stars expend the last of their Hydrogen fuel to become a return to the equilibrium of space as devoid of properties. Without too great a merger into the philosophical, consider that a finite universe experiences cycles of creation and entropy. Time, as a unit of measurement, is eternal. If these cycles exist throughout time, then creation becomes subjective to complexity. Cycles increase in complexity towards merging with other universes to evolve one another in this complexity. The wormhole between the Black Holes may represent the equilibrium of outer space as property in complete potential. The concept of atomic structure under gravity in a Black Hole may condense the Proton, Neutron, and Electron into this equilibrium of space as the singularity. Infinite density is impossible, but not the transition to a state of this singularity beneath the Event Horizon in which all energy becomes subject to gravity, inclusive of Light, which is the opposite of explosive property. Gravity may cause a return to the state of potential in space for a return to the singularity: Creation, complexity, entropy, re-creation. Complexity is a function that departs from prior structure into new potential in a new universe. Black Holes may differ between universes, but the wormhole principle remains the same. Without delving too greatly into theology, consider that the evolution of life on a planet or within the totality of a universe itself is the factor that drives the increases in the structure of physical complexity. Ecosystems evolve into complex intelligence, intelligence evolves from its creation into eternal complexity. Beyond the apex is another apex, and so on for the eternity of time and space. Other life in the universe is the reality. Life is as old as time itself. Universes have different properties in spatial dimensions and relationships. This complexity comprises the infinity of parallel universes within the infinite universe as the equilibrium of space. Space, as a void, is the opposite of structure. As atoms exists side by side, so theory becomes the same with universes. Different atoms for different universes. Nice to be back, and a thank you to this presentation for the manner of bringing light to theoretical physics. Genesis 1:1. And God said, let there be light, and there was light. The spectrum, from infrared to ultraviolet, becoming a rainbow on this world of ours. Bravo!

[@DanceBeforeTheStorm_]

Thank you for making this accessible ❤ priceless

[@stevebrindle1724]

My 8yr old son watched this and then asked me "Is there a black hole near Uranus?"

[@QveenXsiren]

@@stevebrindle1724yep

[@MojiWord]

That was it! Susskind hit the nail on the head: Quantum Mechanics and Gravity are not to be separated then put together as it's being and/or the common approach. Gravity's operations, etc...the derivation of the fundamental building blocks relatively are the Quantum Mechanics, hence non‐ quantized model or version of the General Relativity. One can experience both worlds, but one must be in the Quantum state to easily do so. In the Classical state, one's senses limit the capacity to experience both worlds, however it's ALL encoded in one's DNA.

[@jayeff6712]

Yes, the separation make no sense. I would go as far as saying that there is no actual mass, it just appears that way because it's an emerging property. E=mc² declares mass and energy equivalent, but I would even say that mass and energy are the same thing, just looked at in a different way. A theory solving the quantum/gravity problem should work without mass, only with energy and geometry. Ignoring the mass we would basically just have this quantum stuff moving around in the world which is intertwined with space. So it can appear that there is gravity, but all we would need to consider on it is just the warping of space. I think what is missing is a real understanding of space. According to quantum mechanics particles can pop in and out of existence. But that requires the presence of space, otherwise there would be nothing to pop into and out of. So space must have certain properties, that we need to detect, aside from just plain geometry. Space in connection with all the quantum stuff should be able to explain all of it. For example a black whole would be an area of high density quantum energy which influences the shape of the surrounding space.

[@MojiWord]

@@jayeff6712 ...Space must have certain properties...you are right ✅️ All the Quantum stuff you also stated I believe are Gravity related operations and their respective effects on Spacetime in Ground State => Vacuum.

[@prosp6070]

@@jayeff6712 I am not a science guy, but to me it would seem that "space" is born from entanglement, maybe gravity too or maybe there the same thing or two parts to the same thing? Again not a sience guy but if you viewed entanglement like you would water, and how water slows light down then maybe the collective entanglment of everything within a closed system creates "space" and this would also to some degree explain why light has a speed limit. Maybe that doesn't make sense mathmatically, not sure again not sciance guy.

[@umer.on.youtube]

Thanks once again Dr. Brian Green! You've been my best-buddy (virtually) since childhood..... Love your work and enthusiasm and simplicity and just everything! Lots and lots of love from a deep, deep Admirer from Pakistan.

[@BobBob-ff1pk]

Dear professor Green, thank you so much for sharing the insights with the non professionals. Here is my question : how do we know that two black holes are entangled with each other and not with some other ones? A & B and not A & Y Entangled states are prepared in the labs and can then be analyzed but what about out there in the space? Thanks a million in advance

[@byronfoster4306]

Quantum mechanics can be illustrated by true love between two people, when you feel love for another and they feel it for you, you’re entangled, you’re each separate and one, both at the same time, over any distance, any time, wormholes to love

[@mysticalhighpriestessamari4355]

AKA SACRED TWIN FLAMES 🔥

[@users581]

Show your math for that theory!

[@chastetree]

They're both undeniably real yet difficult to explain.

[@scorber23]

💫❤️💫

[@byronfoster4306]

@@users581 haha, in love 1+1=1

[@shariqfaraz]

@Brian Greene really thankful for you guys to just exist !! Watching your videos makes us feel so close to the grateful scientists of all time and to our home, our universe itself...

[@iwanvandermerwe2597]

Brain. I am sure you get thanked allot for the great work you do, but please allow me as a non-educated science lover to thank you for the stunning manner in which you convey these beautiful facts. I love to listen, learn and think. All because you made it accessible to me. Thank you

[@lesliegreenhill2389]

Wonderful ideas conveyed by very talented people. Quantum entanglement and Carl Jung's ideas on synchronicity would be interesting to discuss. I raise this matter because significant personal synchronistic events have changed my ideas about the nature of time.

[@TheFos88]

Oh damn yeah that would be an interesting discussion for sure.

[@NewMessage]

This has got my brain tied in knots, for sure...

[@enmanueldelgado1348]

Lol

[@NuLuumo]

One could even say, it's gotten your neurons entangled 😏

[@shiv9582]

Your Knots are Entangling with my Brain Neurons

[@mickfummerton6404]

Have a question for Lenny. Can the photons that have past by the observer or headed in the opposite direction away from the observer be a candidate for dark energy? Is the microwave background measurement considered a measurement of photons traveling away from the observers? Thanks for making these available for us to view. Cheers.

[@BossModeGod]

This is the sharpening of swords off one another we need

[@danielpaulson8838]

Photons have no mass. Dark energy is thought to make up about 70+ percent of the mass in the universe. Light can’t be it.

[@shahbaz_1288]

Always a pleasure listening to Brian 'Brilliant' Greene 🙏

[@christopherrichards4446]

All subjects are described very thorough,this makes it awesome to watch.

[@kyeranr320]

Absolutely incredible. I have nothing but pure gratitude for WSF producing these and making it free for the world to awe on.

[@felix144444]

The quality of this production is just astounding and it's free!! Thank you BG and WSF for making such entertaining and educational videos!

[@dickarmstrong4092]

Thank you so much for this well explained discussion. I really appreciate being able to learn basic ideas on these subjects when they are made so understandable by the collective years of your education.

[@kiwikevnz]

Dick, Yes totally agree, you said it much better than I did.

[@wendyholmes1848]

So, if ER equals EPR then the structure of our universe must be different. Is this because there are more dimensions than we have currently proven? Or is this more about geometry of space?

[@dickarmstrong4092]

@wendyholmes1848 The way I understand it, ER deals more with wormholes and EPR more with entanglement. I think both relate to geometry of spacetime, how other dimensions fit in, I'm not sure. Great question though. 🤔

[@biffy7]

Thank you all. Words can not express how thankful I am for this discussion.

[@briancarney3443]

Gotta love the analogy between a black hole and an aircraft propeller in motion as well as the speed of one's camera shot.

[@MaverickBlue42]

What I want to know, what happens if two simultaneous measurements occur. Do we have the sort of accuracy to even ensure that they're at the same time? Do we know if that does/should make a difference? Will they both give the same result?

[@rfbftp123]

Its only one superposition with multiple possibilities, so measuring it twice would just see the observed state twice Your body is made up of all of this mysterious stuff, but you dont change shape every day when observed by multiple people at the same or different times, its deeper than that, nobody knows!

[@russchadwell]

Approaching gravitational singularity, we include realms of general relativity & quantum mechanics because the scale is so small. Otherwise, GR and QM are separate.

[@jsnedd66]

its coming! am an avid amateur theoretical physics ,and given the discovery of thee most distant today! (theBB! it's self?) its never been more exiting.the singularity is! near.:-)

[@lisengel2498]

And its truly honoring all basic curiosity and questioning - also a dimension that somehow connects everything with everything else and points to the fact that we need many varied ways of investigating and reflecting on the mystery of life

[@dehmianusher1697]

God bless you for explaining it to the layman...where were you during my high school days...!! You make the most complex subjects learn able...and just fun to listen to...thank you for taking time out your life..for incredible insights on relivent science ... Thank you...!!

[@QveenXsiren]

Agreed

[@npc4416]

i gotta admit, i never truly understood how all this entanglement works

[@sjdas2162]

Don't worry, nobody does ! 😂

[@ferus5583]

me too BUT WE WILL GET IT ONE DAY BRO TRUST ME

[@nnenno48]

DUUUDE BUT THE EMERGENCE THE FUCKING EMERGENCE IS THE OMGGGGGGG

[@janiterinadrum1627]

Jada knows

[@iam6424]

@@nnenno48 And wht is tht....?

[@skipsch]

20:24 That's pretty beautiful and makes me think of how life sort of needs to be intertwined with other life and nobody's world is made of only themself. That mysterious robustness of the world seems almost necessary

[@0.618-0]

Just crazy to hear these brilliant communicators brainstorm Einstein's 1935 ER EPR , and WSF graphics make me begin to get what they are describing. This is The best thing on the internet!

[@feynmanschwingere_mc2270]

In addition to Einstein's seminal papers on wormholes and entanglement, he essentially created the field. Einstein is well known for his rejection of quantum mechanics in the form it emerged from the work of Heisenberg, Born and Schrodinger in 1926. Much less appreciated are the many seminal contributions he made to quantum theory prior to his final scientific verdict: that the theory was at best incomplete. Einstein, much more than Planck, introduced the concept of quantization of energy in atomic mechanics. Einstein proposed the photon, the first force-carrying particle discovered for a fundamental interaction, and put forward the notion of wave-particle duality, based on sound statistical arguments 14 years before De Broglie’s work. He was the first to recognize the intrinsic randomness in atomic processes, and introduced the notion of transition probabilities, embodied in the A and B coefficients for atomic emission and absorption. He also preceded Born in suggesting the interpretation of wave fields as probability densities for particles, photons, in the case of the electromagnetic field. Finally, stimulated by Bose, he introduced the notion of indistinguishable particles in the quantum sense and derived the condensed phase of bosons, which is one of the fundamental states of matter at low temperatures. It was Einstein who discovered the the semiclassical limit of the Schrodinger Equation. His work on quantum statistics in turn directly stimulated Schrodinger towards his discovery of the fully quantum wave equation of quantum mechanics. It was only due to his rejection of the final theory that he is not generally recognized as the most central figure in this historic achievement of human civilization. The Boson should have been named after him given that it was him, and not Bose, that created the theory (in condensed matter physics) that led to it's discovery. Einstein is usually revered as the father of special and general relativity (which he is). But he is also the father of Solid State Physics, as well as the broader version known as Condensed Matter Physics (including liquids). His 1907 article on the specific heat of solids introduces, for the first time, the effect of lattice vibrations on the thermodynamic properties of crystals, in particular the specific heat. His 1905 article on the photoelectric effect and photoluminescence opened the fields of photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Other important achievements include the aforementioned Bose-Einstein condensation and the Einstein relation between the diffusion coefficient an mobility. It was Einstein that was the first to quantize the radiation field and the first to correctly derive phonons. Between 1902 and 1920, 20 years, Albert Einstein was the only significant physicist of any repute in Europe who believed energy was quantized - it took Bohr many years to believe in quantized energy. He rederived the entire foundations of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics from first principles (he essentially did everything J.W. Gibbs did by the age of 23 - something he isn't even known for, a remarkable feat), he solved the centuries old Tea Leaf Paradox on a whim, he essentially launched Quantum Information Theory with the first paper on the subject now known as the "EPR Paradox" paper. Einstein, with contributions from Otto Stern, was the first to derive the correct value for zero-point energy (also known as zero-point motion), 10 years BEFORE Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle (which, if you understand physics, is a truly remarkable feat). And I haven't even address his many, many other contributions to science (e.g. physical chemistry, Gyroscopes, telemetry etc). Sources: Douglas Stone (Head of Applied Physics at Yale University) wrote a book on the early history of quantum mechanics "Einstein and the Quantum: The Quest of the Valiant Swabian" - he argues that Einstein should have won 7 to 10 Nobel Prizes. John Stachel - Boston University Physicist and the first editor of the Einstein Papers Project. T.S. Kuhn's book "Black-Body Theory and the Quantum Discontinuity, 1894-1912" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Einstein is the greatest scientist of all time, essentially launched modern physics as we know it. In some respects, he's underrated. Absolutely monstrous intellect.

[@HiiImChris]

Let me tell you guys, I consider myself relatively scientifically inclined, I suppose you could say. I think as I'm progressing through my later 20's, finding a sense of meaning and purpose in the rigidity of the fields I have interest in can feel difficult, but recently it clicked with me. Seeing the photos of some of the most profound humans that have ever existed, albeit in our extremely brief time, made me realize that quite literally it is UP TO US, to continue carrying the torch of humankind forward. Asd an engineer, this is where I assign my abstract inter-personal definition of 'meaning' in life, because in a way it's like seeing the beauty of reality through the lens and curiosity of those who came before us. Just as a quick note, I am not one of those people that thinks that everyone should be a scientist because it's 'efficient' or 'best' for us, but rather that we all play an integral role in carrying the torch forward together. We have a very complex inter-connected society, and even the simple luxuries of things like fast food, and entertainment, are integral to supporting each other by offering our services and talents in meaningful ways.

[@hochathanfire0001]

wish ana’s experiments were brought more into focus 🌅

[@Littlewing.]

Now I have the scientific backing and reasonable understanding (thank you Brian Greene) for all moments happening at the same time!

[@kiwikevnz]

Maureen you are so right as I feel exactly the same, finally now that WSF and Brian has started these chats over the years I actually feel I can understand the basics much more, which then allows me to enjoy the subjects much more because I can follow along, which I couldn't do from books. cheers Kev

[@kenadams5504]

Some say deja vu is experienced when you intuit another moment happening at the same time as the present .

[@rodolforesende2048]

The BALM debate on EREPR was an ALM for curiosity??? O debate bálsamo sobre EREPR foi uma alma para a curiosidade???

[@wcourson11]

That exchange was satisfying to the soul! Thank you all.

[@anad2982]

That was beautifully insightful. No conclusive answers to the beautiful mystery of the unanswered questions that still remain made it even more exciting. Fascinating imagery. How lucky to have Einstein’s papers!!!! 💙💜💚🌍🌍🌐💫. You spoke so well and genuine. Xoxoxooxoxooxox

[@anad2982]

@Nicholas Boyko hello Nicolas, I am doing pretty ok thank you for asking. How are you? You enjoy science too?

[@anad2982]

@Nicholas Boyko Hello Nicholas very happy to be your friend 😊 how are you?

[@feynmanschwingere_mc2270]

Einstein is well known for his rejection of quantum mechanics in the form it emerged from the work of Heisenberg, Born and Schrodinger in 1926. Much less appreciated are the many seminal contributions he made to quantum theory prior to his final scientific verdict: that the theory was at best incomplete. Einstein, much more than Planck, introduced the concept of quantization of energy in atomic mechanics. Einstein proposed the photon, the first force-carrying particle discovered for a fundamental interaction, and put forward the notion of wave-particle duality, based on sound statistical arguments 14 years before De Broglie’s work. He was the first to recognize the intrinsic randomness in atomic processes, and introduced the notion of transition probabilities, embodied in the A and B coefficients for atomic emission and absorption. He also preceded Born in suggesting the interpretation of wave fields as probability densities for particles, photons, in the case of the electromagnetic field. Finally, stimulated by Bose, he introduced the notion of indistinguishable particles in the quantum sense and derived the condensed phase of bosons, which is one of the fundamental states of matter at low temperatures. It was Einstein who discovered the the semiclassical limit of the Schrodinger Equation. His work on quantum statistics in turn directly stimulated Schrodinger towards his discovery of the fully quantum wave equation of quantum mechanics. It was only due to his rejection of the final theory that he is not generally recognized as the most central figure in this historic achievement of human civilization. The Boson should have been named after him given that it was him, and not Bose, that created the theory (in condensed matter physics) that led to it's discovery. Einstein is usually revered as the father of special and general relativity (which he is). But he is also the father of Solid State Physics, as well as the broader version known as Condensed Matter Physics (including liquids). His 1907 article on the specific heat of solids introduces, for the first time, the effect of lattice vibrations on the thermodynamic properties of crystals, in particular the specific heat. His 1905 article on the photoelectric effect and photoluminescence opened the fields of photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Other important achievements include the aforementioned Bose-Einstein condensation and the Einstein relation between the diffusion coefficient an mobility. It was Einstein that was the first to quantize the radiation field and the first to correctly derive phonons. Between 1902 and 1920, 20 years, Albert Einstein was the only significant physicist of any repute in Europe who believed energy was quantized - it took Bohr many years to believe in quantized energy. He rederived the entire foundations of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics from first principles (he essentially did everything J.W. Gibbs did by the age of 23 - something he isn't even known for, a remarkable feat), he solved the centuries old Tea Leaf Paradox on a whim, he essentially launched Quantum Information Theory with the first paper on the subject now known as the "EPR Paradox" paper. Einstein, with contributions from Otto Stern, was the first to derive the correct value for zero-point energy (also known as zero-point motion), 10 years BEFORE Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle (which, if you understand physics, is a truly remarkable feat). And I haven't even address his many, many other contributions to science (e.g. physical chemistry, Gyroscopes, telemetry etc). Sources: Douglas Stone (Head of Applied Physics at Yale University) wrote a book on the early history of quantum mechanics "Einstein and the Quantum: The Quest of the Valiant Swabian" - he argues that Einstein should have won 7 to 10 Nobel Prizes. John Stachel - Boston University Physicist and the first editor of the Einstein Papers Project. T.S. Kuhn's book "Black-Body Theory and the Quantum Discontinuity, 1894-1912" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Einstein is the greatest scientist of all time, essentially launched modern physics as we know it. In some respects, he's underrated. Absolutely monstrous intellect.

[@anad2982]

@@feynmanschwingere_mc2270 Thank you so much for sharing. I loved reading this and learning more about Einstein. He is and remains to be a the most significant one of a kind in his field and in all other aspects of life. He was also so clever with his words and way of stating things. What you shared was so relevant thank you!! ☀️🌈✨🌏🪫🤍

[@feynmanschwingere_mc2270]

@@anad2982 You're welcome :) ... He was amazing. Greatest genius of all time.

[@KaliFissure]

Great discussion! Thank you!

[@YersiniaPestisNPO]

Thank you world science festival for amazing content!

[@tevatronlhc244]

Phantastic episode. I follow this topic for a while, it seems so strange, that space-time can be a direct consequence of quantum entanglement or even a dual description of it, it must be true :). Even so far as i know a lot of the calculations still bound to AdS-space we not living in it generates deep insights. I wonder if there will be also an episode on the theoretical "quantum extremal surface" topic , what leads to a solution of the black hole information paradoxon within the assumptions done in the calculations (AdS, Holography, entropy from area and radiation, and leakage of radiation through ads-boundary to a coupled heat bath). Hower the math is quite intense so i would love see a wsf-episode to this topic. There is one on PBS-spacetime. But 15 minutes are quit short for this topic

[@QveenXsiren]

@@jackreynolds6755brilliant theory 😊

[@ushatambat1258]

Sir please continue Your Daily Equation, at least make it a monthly equation (1eqn/month). It’s jus fabulous! It’d be an honour to sir Brian’s mother, who gave us such a fantabulous genius! (Hit a like if you guys support this!)

[@dontiavang558]

Quantum mechanics and Eistein's graity theory, wormholes & blackholes, to the entanglement of objects & particles at distant places, can be confusing & spooky when we first learned of them! Now when we combined all of them together, the small the big, from quantum to gravity, they do worked very well with each other. As a matter of fact, one can't exist without the other, they are indeed entangled! From the inception of birth when they were all together in an atom size, to the explosion and expansion of the universe, where they can be seen, at all places & time, their past, present, and future, are all interconnected! Since the big bang they are space, and no matter where in space, inside black holes and outside, here & til infinity you can't separate them. Einstein calls it spacetime, and they are expandable, stretchable, no matter where they are one. Information can't be lost because what's inside a black hole, is the same thing as what's outside, it's space! Nothing is ever lost, what exist here exists everywhere throughout the cosmos. It's fascinating because we're now more sure than ever, we know more than we ever do, that's because we are INCLUDED, space! Eventually they say we will go to the stars, we're already there, we just don't know it yet, we are the STARS! All the scientists and their formulas, theories, and equations, are the same very thing we observed in the universe & our everyday interacting lives! They're explaining to us, giving us a sliver of a greater pie, from us to the whole universe, we are one, connected! You get it, when you're talking to yourselves and telling yourselves you know this, how smart you are, that maybe if you were God... You don't have to doublt yourself... You are God! You are inseparable, just like space & time, present & past, you're just not tomorrow, indeed you are the future, it's in your vein, it's in your blood, YOU ARE IT! 👍 😎

[@feynmanschwingere_mc2270]

Einstein is well known for his rejection of quantum mechanics in the form it emerged from the work of Heisenberg, Born and Schrodinger in 1926. Much less appreciated are the many seminal contributions he made to quantum theory prior to his final scientific verdict: that the theory was at best incomplete. Einstein, much more than Planck, introduced the concept of quantization of energy in atomic mechanics. Einstein proposed the photon, the first force-carrying particle discovered for a fundamental interaction, and put forward the notion of wave-particle duality, based on sound statistical arguments 14 years before De Broglie’s work. He was the first to recognize the intrinsic randomness in atomic processes, and introduced the notion of transition probabilities, embodied in the A and B coefficients for atomic emission and absorption. He also preceded Born in suggesting the interpretation of wave fields as probability densities for particles, photons, in the case of the electromagnetic field. Finally, stimulated by Bose, he introduced the notion of indistinguishable particles in the quantum sense and derived the condensed phase of bosons, which is one of the fundamental states of matter at low temperatures. It was Einstein who discovered the the semiclassical limit of the Schrodinger Equation. His work on quantum statistics in turn directly stimulated Schrodinger towards his discovery of the fully quantum wave equation of quantum mechanics. It was only due to his rejection of the final theory that he is not generally recognized as the most central figure in this historic achievement of human civilization. The Boson should have been named after him given that it was him, and not Bose, that created the theory (in condensed matter physics) that led to it's discovery. Einstein is usually revered as the father of special and general relativity (which he is). But he is also the father of Solid State Physics, as well as the broader version known as Condensed Matter Physics (including liquids). His 1907 article on the specific heat of solids introduces, for the first time, the effect of lattice vibrations on the thermodynamic properties of crystals, in particular the specific heat. His 1905 article on the photoelectric effect and photoluminescence opened the fields of photoelectron spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Other important achievements include the aforementioned Bose-Einstein condensation and the Einstein relation between the diffusion coefficient an mobility. It was Einstein that was the first to quantize the radiation field and the first to correctly derive phonons. Between 1902 and 1920, 20 years, Albert Einstein was the only significant physicist of any repute in Europe who believed energy was quantized - it took Bohr many years to believe in quantized energy. He rederived the entire foundations of statistical mechanics and thermodynamics from first principles (he essentially did everything J.W. Gibbs did by the age of 23 - something he isn't even known for, a remarkable feat), he solved the centuries old Tea Leaf Paradox on a whim, he essentially launched Quantum Information Theory with the first paper on the subject now known as the "EPR Paradox" paper. Einstein, with contributions from Otto Stern, was the first to derive the correct value for zero-point energy (also known as zero-point motion), 10 years BEFORE Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle (which, if you understand physics, is a truly remarkable feat). And I haven't even address his many, many other contributions to science (e.g. physical chemistry, Gyroscopes, telemetry etc). Sources: Douglas Stone (Head of Applied Physics at Yale University) wrote a book on the early history of quantum mechanics "Einstein and the Quantum: The Quest of the Valiant Swabian" - he argues that Einstein should have won 7 to 10 Nobel Prizes. John Stachel - Boston University Physicist and the first editor of the Einstein Papers Project. T.S. Kuhn's book "Black-Body Theory and the Quantum Discontinuity, 1894-1912" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Einstein is the greatest scientist of all time, essentially launched modern physics as we know it. In some respects, he's underrated. Absolutely monstrous intellect.

[@GeorgeCrumpler]

Thank you for explaining things so that people like me who have no clue about the math can somewhat grasp the concepts.

[@BladeRunner-td8be]

Leonard Susskind is the only guest I found to be of any interest, and I loved listening to him speak as usual.

[@johnsonb90436]

Gravity - the memory of the state of matter before the Big Bang which acts as a force to attract matter back together to compress it back to its original form; as mass increases the force of original form attraction increases. Entanglement - the memory connection and attraction of particles that were once compressed and bounded together prior to the Big Bang.

[@jeffheath842]

Question??? What would happen if both objects were observed/measured at the exact same time???

[@iamnotthemessiahnowfocuson7469]

Brian Greene is an absolute legend I’ve learnt more from his lectures and documentaries over the last 12 years than I could of ever learned from my tutors in school and college and that was over 44 years ago

[@2011littleguy]

I was so happy when I saw a new Brian Greene video! He is truly “the great explainer”. And the panel was wonderful. Bottom line for me : Mind Blown… again! The “big picture” is emerging. Our universe is connected via entanglement. Every atom is “smeared out” across the whole universe. (Thanks John Lennon song, Across the Universe”). They never mentioned Block Universe which I think would be included in a quantum reality. How many times can I think, “Wow!”.

[@spaceinyourface]

Ohh my,,,I love this formula & have missed it so much. Thanks Brian,,don't ever stop doing these.

[@kellymantei5393]

Perspective of electron coming toward you appears as a positron going away from you, like the mass/ Hawking radiation entanglement, they can be the same, from different perspectives.

[@kellymantei5393]

@@ZeroOskul at CERN they call the one in a million, face to face, pancake shaped, proton collisions, the higgs particle, I'd like to think it's the fusion reaction of the star that runs out of fuel very quickly.

[@kellymantei5393]

@@ZeroOskul we all have our right to our opinions, if you can do video presentations as well as Brian Green I salute you go for it.

[@MiguelRuiz-vz5pm]

Is it weird that I know mostly nothing of what they’re talking about, but it makes so much sense and it’s so interesting to hear them discuss about it.

[@charlesjohns3235]

en serio gracias En particular, estoy triste porque nunca seguí la física en mi educación superior, ya que estos son los temas que dan color a mi vida. Creo que podría no ser lo suficientemente elogiado que todavía podamos aprender sobre estas ideas increíbles, incluso más de los expertos de campo más increíbles, de forma gratuita desde cualquier parte del mundo. ¡Me gustaría tomar estos minutos para mostrar mi gratitud hacia estas acciones y al profesor Brian Greene! Gracias a todos por vuestras aportaciones buscando respuestas (o más preguntas) y comunicándonos los hallazgos, eternamente agradecidos.

[@stevendorath7268]

Nunca es tarde para aprender..

[@mr.curious1714]

I sometimes think of quantum entanglment as a communicaton between the particles in the higher dimensions. just like I tie a string or rope to 2 balls, and then whenever I throw one ball the other must follow. similarly I think of entanglement as the contact/relation between the entagled particles in the higher dimensions that humans cant percieve yet.

[@HodirlanCristianG]

It`s all a contrain of how we chose to view things. A sphere is a 3D object, represented by a circle in 2D ... take that to the sub-atomic level and you've left with a "dot". If infinity is applied to that point (space/time), does it mean we can still have Pi? (Euclidean geometry ..as the ratio of a circle's circumference to its diameter). Whatever we can't explain we chose to create constants, wich is our (humanity) bias way to understand everything.

[@onebylandtwoifbysearunifby5475]

@@HodirlanCristianG Ok, except recall a "ball" is 3D, "sphere" is the 2D surface of a ball, and a "circle" is a 1D object. A point could then be considered 1D or even zero D. So additional smaller or larger dimensions are a realistic possibility, since we could consider closed Universe to be a 4D object, (3D space + 1D time)- which would be a 3D surface, or a 3-sphere, l"hypersphere" if you like). If we have a 3D surface, it's possible we have a 4D ball. Or some other larger dimensional object. That said, i have no evidence quantum entanglement is a higher dimension phenomenon, but i wouldn't rule it out either. Like most of physics, we rarely know what T F is actually going on underneath our mathematical models- at the fundamental level. (Not that i don't still think about it.)

[@onebylandtwoifbysearunifby5475]

Yes, i sometimes consider it 2 circles viewed edge-on, where it looks like the particles are traveling back and forth, but are actually traveling in circles that we can't see. That would also make the particles pop around to different parts of our plane (wave function), and stick together in our plane when they interact (wave collapse). Entanglement could be the rest of that circle we can't see from our lower dimensions. .

[@HodirlanCristianG]

@@onebylandtwoifbysearunifby5475 I guess it all depends on the "view", as -/+ 1, b/c the perspective changes based on how the "measurment" occures. 4D > 3D > 2D ... in theory a 2D would not be able to "observe" a 3D, it could however aproximate the "ghost" of a 3D, etc.

[@onebylandtwoifbysearunifby5475]

@@HodirlanCristianG Right, higher dimensions are hard to visualize. Our brains max out at 3D visually. It's what we evolved to see. Still, if a 3D object, let's say a ball, moved through a 2D plane: you would see a 2D disk starting at a point, grow to a maximum, and then reduce to a point again (as it moved into and passed through the 2D dimension). So we could be seeing familiar objects, believe they are 3D, and yet they could be 4D objects passing through (or rolling around in) our 3D world. It's definitely something worth considering- we may be viewing 4D objects in dailey life which we process as regular old 3D objects. Measurements of them would all appear 3D to us also, because we are measuring in only 3 spatial dimensions.

[@Eric-xt8nd]

Thank you. Simply the best and a pleasure to listen to.

[@Eric-xt8nd]

@@ZeroOskul do you need a hug?

[@Eric-xt8nd]

@@ZeroOskul you lost me when you said quantum intangled particals are connected by einstein-rosen Bridges. That my friend tells me volumes about your level of education. I'd be glad to explain why you are wrong, but I can't understand it for you.

[@EnigmaValdez]

Thank you for this video. I absolutely am fascinated with quantum entanglement and all the mathematical implications involved.

[@dinarwali386]

This is just Brilliant. I have listened to this more than ten times and will do so for the rest of my life. Incredible piece of work