Euglenoids: Single-Celled Shapeshifters

Euglenoids have had a very, very long time to evolve, and that has led to the things they have evolved into being extremely diverse-so diverse that, combined with the varied shape-shifting abilities of its member species, euglenoids have proven challenging to both identify and classify
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Sources:
www.pnas.org/content/109/44/1...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
journals.plos.org/plosone/art...
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/arti...
tolweb.org/Euglenida/97461
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2...
www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/1...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.semanticscholar.org/paper...
www.limnology-journal.org/art...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.sciencedirect.com/science...
www.livescience.com/54242-pro...
scienceline.ucsb.edu/getkey.ph....
www.frontiersin.org/articles/...

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Glossary: Metaboly - euglanoid movement. Pellicle - membrane which unites the diverse euglanoids. Lorica - Sugary matrix protective covering. Paramylon - carbohydrate stored in the cytoplasm of euglena. Pallmeloid stage - stage which euglena enters, during which it gets enclosed in a clear membrane, which bursts to liberate the divided euglena under favorable conditions. Thanks and please add if I missed any:)

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It's called a "Dark Field' display. Just a different way of illuminating the microscope slide.

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[MONOMOPHINA] Did you eat a green cell [LEPOCINCLIS] And can now eat the sun? [E. EHRENBERGII] Do move your own shape [E. GRANULTA] By taking a new one? [ALL] Because pellicles can and pellicles do...

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I watched a single Euglena sanguinea swim around and followed until it stopped and began to swim in a circle. As I watched it gradually got a more rounded shape, until it was a perfect circle. At this point I could see the interior was spinning. I watched as 4 compartments began to form. The spinning had stopped and as I watched the 4 compartments began to swim off one at a time. This all took about 40 minutes. It was the longest time I had ever spent viewing a creature. It pays to be patient and not get bored watching one creature. This was 4 from one! Imagine the birth rate of this creature. No wonder it has been so successful at survival, and it did it all without destroying the planet! Thank you for helping me identify what I saw. This channel is amazing! ❤️❤️❤️❤️❤️ Your channel makes looking through a real microscope seem totally unnecessary, when nothing I've seen compares to the high definition of your scope and camera recording, and on Big Screen HDTV!

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Awesome video! So after teasing us with a reference to DNA sequencing we don't hear which kingdom they're in.

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I was thinking the same thinngggg, they're probably in protista though (aka the "we don't know where tf to put these things so we're putting them here" kingdom).

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@@Monchich94 The "These Haven't Evolved Yet, And They Don't Want To" Kingdom, Basically.

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@@AssistantCoreAQI Not evolved, yet the chloroplast makes a different sort of energy unit?

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@@PinataOblongata They Haven't Evolved Much Since The Acquirement Of The Chloroplasts. Sorry For Being Confusing Before.

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Euglenoids sounds like some goofy toy-driven cartoon from the 80's.

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Or the cousin of someone that wants to steal my pizza.

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6:01

[@ShutItKyle]

The Herculoids

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@@ShutItKyle That was my thought too! Somewhere out in water live The Euglinoids! Zok, the laser-red eyespot protist! Igoo, the giant flagellate! Tundro, the mineral accreting! Gloop and Gleep, the formless, shapeshifting wonders! With Zandor, their cytoplasmic leader, and his chloroplast, Tara, and starch chamber, Dorno, they team up to protect their pond from sinister invaders! All-strong! All-brave! All-heroes! They're The Euglinoids!

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@@Kazemahou terribly accurate 🤪

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i came back to watch this after identifying my first ever organisms in my new microscope, it was a whoooole bunch of euglena granulata. i was following a larger, more squishy ciliate that i couldn't identify around a bit when i noticed that the entire background i was viewing it on was teeming with euglena once i focused my objective a bit. i almost started crying with how beautiful it was, and just sat there watching them for a while. the little tube i keep their sample in is labeled e for euglena whenever i want to go back and look at them again! thank you all for inspiring me to do this, its made a really big impact on the way i view the world

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This is such a great video! Our lab has done some research on Euglena gracilis and it has such a cool genome! Not only is it a hodgepodge of at least four (!) different symbiotic organisms that it's believed were basically swallowed at different points in its evolutionary history, it also has a unique "letter" in its DNA called base J. Base J is usually only found in parasites from the Kinetoplastea class and looks like a T with a glucose molecule stuck to it. Very cool to see these little guys in action!

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Such amazing microphotography James!

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Great episode! Love the music too!

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So cool

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The imagery at the end of the video is perfectly fitting to the channel title. The dark field really makes it look like a cosmos. Wow! Spectacular microscopy.

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This series continues to blow my mind in both awe-inspiring ways and deeply profound worldview changing ways. Nature really is beautiful at all levels, but this microcosm of the universe is perhaps the most entrancing.

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So calming.

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Outstanding microscopy. 👍🏻👍🏻

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Oh, I remember how I once during highschool biology microscopy lesson found one of these guys in some puddle (or maybe swamp/lake - I don't really remember) water sample. That was quite nice.