Every Programming Language Ever Explained in 15 Minutes

Every Programming Language Ever Explained in 15 Minutes
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Chapters
0:00 Assembly
0:27 Fortran
1:04 Comtran
1:21 Lisp
1:31 COBOL
1:52 IBM RPG
2:02 ALGOL 60
2:16 APL
2:26 Simula
2:57 Speakeasy
3:04 BASIC
3:24 MUMPS
3:41 Logo
3:52 Pascal
4:08 C
4:47 Smalltalk
4:54 Prolog
5:00 ML
5:18 SQL
5:41 C++
6:01 Ada
6:10 Matlab
6:24 Objective-C
6:40 Labview
6:51 Erlang
6:54 Perl
7:05 Wolfram
7:15 Haskell
7:23 Visual Basic
7:39 Lua
7:45 Delphi
7:51 OCaml
8:01 Python
8:35 Ruby
9:21 Java
9:53 R
10:13 Javascript
10:40 HTML & CSS
11:02 PHP
11:20 Actionscript
11:43 C#
11:55 Scala
12:04 Powershell
12:08 F#
12:14 Julia
12:27 Elm
12:33 Nim
12:38 Raku
12:44 Scratch
12:57 Go
13:07 Holy-C
13:27 Kotlin
13:35 Typescript
13:38 Dart
13:44 Swift
13:56 Rust
14:10 Solidity
14:48 Elixir
15:01 Zig
15:08 Power FX

[@nevemlaci2486]

Sadly this video has many mistakes, but it was still fun to watch.

[@ashwinnarasimhan2729]

Yeah the part about Swift is wrong as it's available on Windows and Linux (the Arc browser is even building it's Windows app on Swift). Yes iOS and Mac development probably requires a Mac but you can 100% write command line apps or backends on Windows and Linux. Also Kotlin is useful for more than Android development, it's fully supported in the popular Spring framework.

[@pilotkid2011]

Right off the bat with assembly too 😂

[@eduardodiaz5459]

Agree. This is more for entertaining than for accuracy.

[@carlosmspk]

I don't think anyone would watch a video of this kind for its accuracy. It's clearly aimed for the common layman (i.e. someone who's only getting started in programming)

[@tomasprochazka6198]

​@@ashwinnarasimhan2729 technically yes, practically no. Same as with C#/.Net, which can be used with Mono outside of Windows. But why would you do that?

[@shayneoneill1506]

Oh hey man, thanks for mentioning Holy-C. The dude behind it I actually talked to online a lot. He was actually a really nice guy when the Schizophrenia wasnt screwing him up. He was a weird crazy genius, and ultimately he died tragically alone because of his mental illness. TempleOS and Holy-C are mostly remembered for the mental illness behind it, but Terry was a real human, and he deserves to be remembered as a mad pioneer who could have been so much more if it wasnt for the fact that this world is terribly unequipped to support people with significant mental illness. RIP Terry.

[@viniciusthegreatest]

I also got happy when I saw Holy-C

[@C4Kevin]

Was surprised, but pleased to see it mentioned too. 110% agree on not only how he should be remembered, but on how he could have been so much more. Dude was a genius. RIP Terry.

[@GaryFerrao]

Memory leak isn’t the issue of using too much memory. Program is still fine, as long as it knows what memory it’s using. Memory leak is the problem where the program forgets to actually delete the memory it no longer uses; the computer (operating system) thinks that the program is still using the memory but the program thinks it’s not.

[@andersjjensen]

The problem arises when the program forgets to free the memory, but then thinks it needs MORE memory and asks for it. If this happens in a loop the system will eventually run out of memory.

[@robertfleischmann4119]

I run into this with some of my older classroom machines and have to teach middle school students about this issue. They have no clue!

[@FranLegon]

Resulting in the program using too much memory

[@GaryFerrao]

@@FranLegon Doesn't necessarily result; The program can leak just a few bytes on starting because it forgot to delete some initialization variables. But the rest of the program memory could still be managed properly. It's still dirty in the sense that you forgot to take the dirt off your shoes before entering house. Memory leak can be though of forgetting to throw out the trash. Usually users don't notice it. The problem only gets noticed when the trash raises a stink. Like how humans treat the environment.

[@FranLegon]

@@GaryFerrao ok that's a good point. I was thinking it always build up to "too much" but you're right, it might not. Thanks for the response

[@soniablanche5672]

Memory leak isn't using too much memory, that's the consequence of memory leak.

[@dejangegic]

Go is formally known as Go, not Golang. Golang is something we use for easier SEO

[@tomasprochazka6198]

Some do, and then there are "the others", who call the language Golang, in written and spoken language.

[@dejangegic]

@@tomasprochazka6198 "Formally" is the key part you're missing. I know you meant no harm but it's annoying when someone tries to pull the "but actually 🤓" and isn't even right.

[@doigt6590]

@@dejangegic golang is rarely used informally as well. Between devs, we know what go is, we don't need to call it golang just because search engines can't

[@12C76DC]

10:40 note that HTML and CSS are not scripting languages, but a markup languages. You can't have logic with these, right? Despite CSS having calc() function which can be abused to have some logic, still it's not scripting or programming, just mark up. Also I miss Hack lang (PHP extended by Facebook) and Vala, both are great and could be on the list!

[@mrnibbles1]

Why do they need to have "logic", after all, isn't programming just instructions to a computer?

[@PhrosstBite]

@@mrnibbles1 Computers run on logic, so in order to write instructions to a computer the language needs to be able to perform logic. That's why CS students learn Discrete math at minimum, it's a mathematics field devoted to formalized binary logic, i.e. exactly what computers do. I'm reading a book called Code by Charles Petzold that does a great overview as to how and why computers developed as they did, if you're interested in learning more :) Edit: This just came to me, maybe it's a good example. This need to perform logic could be why you could code a game in Excel, but not in Word. Excel can perform logic and math, but Word can't

[@robonator2945]

HTML and CSS are quite literally turing complete, if that doesn't reach the bar for scripting language then I'm not sure what does.

[@gintoki_sakata__]

Okay.. And?

[@adojck]

@@gintoki_sakata__ and it should not be on the list of programming languages 🤷‍♂

[@edwardfalk9997]

Web Assembly is not assembly. I've written it in C++, but I think other languages are supported.

[@BinkiklouGaminglol]

Assembly is not a well defined term. Most assemblies are higher-level then you would expect.For example, Procedures/Subroutines don't even exist in machine code, so saying WebAssembly is Assembly is debatable but I'd say it is not a false statement. Furthermore, WASM targets a VM so it is the lowest-level language for that specific machine.

[@robonator2945]

eeeeh, sort of. "Assembly" is pretty non-existent as a unified concept. "assembly" is basically just putting names to sequences of raw machine code, it's not really a language in and of itself. For instance even on a risc architecture nothing is stopping you from impementing x86 style inline memory referencing, and then just binding that formatting to a sequence of bytes which does that, even though technically it'd be several distinct machine instructions. Calling "Assembly" a language is sort of like calling macros a language, neither are really a language themselves, they just sort of stand-in for the language itself. (Assembly just puts words to sequences of raw bytes of machine code whereas macros just put words to sequences of source-code.) In that sense, there isn't really a difference between "assembly" and *_any_* compiled code, and web assembly is assembly as much as anything else can be. Granted, Webassembly is a *_unified_* compilation target, i.e. : it's not running *_completely_* bare metal and it's not *_completely_* raw bytecode, but this is more an issue with the classification IMO. You wouldn't call java an interpreted language, but it similarly works in a 'virtual machine'. There is a bit of grey area between compiled languages and interpreted languages, that grey area is just typically so small as to not really matter. Webassembly is basically trying to be as close to completely native as possible while staying a unified compilation target, so I'd say it being 'assembly' (given, as mentioned previously, 'assembly' basically just means bytecode with extrasteps) is a fair classification. It's a bit inaccurate, but every classification is.

[@PeterAuto1]

WebEssembly is a binary format. So it's not human readable, while the purpose of assembly is, that it's a human readable representation of machine code. WAT (WebAssembly Text Format) could be called an Assembly

[@svenyboyyt2304]

You don't write WebAssembly with C++. You can compile C++ into Assembly and WebAssembly

[@optimuseprime7887]

Indeed. WASM has support in many programming languages. Rust probably has some of the best support, though. For C/C++, a tool called Emscripten can compile them to WASM.

[@JBuchmann]

Next you should do "Every JavaScript framework ever explained in 60 minutes"!

[@leonschubert2453]

Underrated Comment.

[@rGunti]

Impossible without running the video on at least 2x

[@lukasvalenta]

But there will be two more in the time it takes you to watch the video

[@sly1024]

More like 60 years 😂😂😂

[@m4rt_]

I wish JS was only used for web browsers, but people made the stupid decision to use it in desktop apps, on web servers, and way more

[@theramendutchman]

You mean Electrum apps? Which are websites packages in a Chromium browser...

[@leeeeeel]

​@@theramendutchmani think he meant nodejs

[@danielegvi]

what’s so stupid about deciding to use JS on web servers?

[@emireri2387]

​@@danielegvijs sucks

[@danielegvi]

@@emireri2387 specifically how

[@MineYou2240]

around 8:50 when "he" started to read the websites names i realized that the script is read by ai voice now that i think about it, whole video is probably created by ai

[@omnisel]

Was created about two months ago, tons of factual mistakes and weird choices and organization (web assembly? powershell? (and not bash?) zig, but no rust?), and plenty of bizarre unnatural speech. Plus, totally unfocused content, none of the other videos are programming. I didn't see it but I think you're totally right, this is mostly or entirely AI.

[@leonschubert2453]

I think you two are right. The whole structure of this video is pretty sus

[@mashydp1780]

Rust is in there. Although I thought the exact same thing: "Zig and not Rust?" Hovered the timeline and there it is. About as meaningful an overview as everything else on the list.@@omnisel

[@omnisel]

@@mashydp1780Oh huh, yeah, you're right. I must have missed it or thinking about something else he said, or something, lol. It was 14 seconds long, in my defense

[@Siggy]

I thought about this as well. It is so incredibly simple to have AI generate a list of 50+ (or however many there were) programming languages and write a short description about them regarding either their history or noteworthy components and then use an AI voice to read it. It explains why there's quite a few errors with some of the statements.

[@petrus4]

There is no mention of FORTH; the one language seemingly everyone forgets.

[@QuasarRedshift]

no mention of Algol 68, Modula 2, JOVIAL, etc .....🤥

[@shayneoneill1506]

Forth was a brilliant language. I spent years reading about it before I ever got a chance to use it because I was utterly obsessed with its concept. And man when I finally got to use it it was like a duck to water for me. Its basically inverted Lisp. One simple concept , stacks (as opposed to lisps one simple concept, lists) taken to its logical end. The end result is that while lisp naturally produces functional programming, forth naturally produces structured programming, leading to a very very interesting conclusion;- The difference between functional and structured programming is the order you remove items from a linked list. Beatiful mathematical comp-sci in the form of a languag. Everyone should learn 3 languages, purely for deeping their understanding, not for job skills: Lisp, Forth and Smalltalk. Those three languages distill the purest essence of their respective pardgims of coding, functional, structural, and OOP respectively. And all three of them you can learn if a few days each, tops.

[@petrus4]

@@shayneoneill1506 I did not know Smalltalk was the OOP proto-language. I'd always been under the impression that C++ was, which I've always found intimidating. I will look into Smalltalk, thank you.

[@dutchangle229]

+ BCPL, Forth, Modula, Modula-2, Metafont, PostScript

[@ClariNerd]

14:26 "Developers test their code thoroughly" I put my fist through my desk I was laughing so hard.

[@chrisheartman9263]

The way you explained object oriented language is making me cry, I am *NOT* joking.

[@notkamui9749]

yes, classes are not required for OOP, for example. Class based OOP is only one of the many ways to implement OOP. saying C cannot handle OOP is plain wrong.

[@wonder.of_.u]

@@notkamui9749 I mean, by definition, it's right

[@barni_7762]

Bro called fortran slow xD

[@Om4r37]

and called lua fast

[@emireri2387]

​@@Om4r37lua is fast though compared to fortran or js or the hell that is python

[@hamzacasdasdasd]

@@Om4r37no shit

[@prcvl]

@@Om4r37lua is one of the fastest interpreted languages

[@Om4r37]

@@prcvljavascript jit is usually faster

[@shadowofheaven3279]

I love how the whole comment section is just programmers correcting this video

[@williamross6477]

Html and CSS are not scripting languages. In fact, they are not programming languages at all as they have no functional abilities. They are called markup languages and are completely static unless manipulated by a programming language like JavaScript.

[@VI-VI228]

WOWWWW!! Such a great and big video in such a little youtube channel with only 65 subs, nice work.

[@Luredreier]

I can't believe that you didn't mention that Erlang was designed to work even if you change the code *while* it's running etc. And LISP deserves a mention of the Lisps, the languages depending from it due to how easy it was to make new personalized languages in LISP to begin with.

[@appleturdpie]

This video is just completely riddled with inaccuracies, please viewers of this video, take everything said with a large grain of salt and do your own research and investigation of programming and computing topics.

[@SystemAlchemist]

A veritable mountain of salt.

[@aityzlmao]

LLVM is not a virtual machine...

[@jennasloan396]

HTML is a markup language, not a programming language. Likewise, CSS is also not a programming language, but is a style sheet language. Furthermore, JavaScript is technically related to Java, but only as a marketing ploy by the folks behind Netscape.

[@cthutu]

Fortran makes use of columns to. On the old Fortran pads where you wrote your code, there was a special column for the C character which represented a comment.

[@TheCzele]

5:56 - there is no c++ in linux, i needed to point it out since no c++ in linux kernel is almost a religious thing for us linux users at this point

[@robonator2945]

god now I need to make a version of the Fuse T-posing over the crying hostage meme with Rust and C++

[@BlessedDog]

There is some C++ in the source tree, but only C++98 or older is allowed currently.

[@gamerk316]

@@BlessedDog And yet, they're starting to use Rust :/

[@briannormant3622]

@@gamerk316 The Rust cult is strong lol. Linus said something about needing to attract new maintainter for the linux kernel, as a lot of the maintainer are getting older. Adding Rust is imo a way to "advertise" the linux kernel. Also, Rust doesn't have most thing that Linus despise with C++ (exceptions, operator overloading, dynamic dispatch, ect...).

[@gamerk316]

@@briannormant3622 Otherwise known as "Linus hates things that makes developers lives easier because of his ego". Linus (and the GPL) are the main reasons why I don't develop for Linux.

[@m4rt_]

Fun fact, PHP had a good meaning for it's name... but then they made it: PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor IT'S RECURSIVE

[@mollthecoder]

Originally it meant personal home page

[@theramendutchman]

@@mollthecoder When Rasmus Lerdorf used it for his personal home page! When he gave up the language to the community that had been built around it, they decided to rename it to PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor, as it was no longer the language for Lerdorf's personal home page but still an hypertext preprocessor, and built for applications on the HTPP!

[@indigojones4442]

Now it means PHP Hates Programmers

[@apIthletIcc]

dude I have been immersed in tech my whole life, and never have I been told that the first compilers were actual physical machines with moving parts. Thats actually kinda wild

[@ovi1326]

It was also a job, like there were people that would compile your code into punchcards

[@georgegonzalez2476]

Wild, yes, and not true also.

[@toddgilbert8719]

What about dBase/FoxPro/Clipper?

[@grahamcracker1234]

Unfortunately, I have a correction. Swift is no longer only available for Apple devices. It can now be written on and for Windows and Linux. Great video otherwise tho!

[@dejangegic]

You can even write a server in Swift. A better question is, why would you?

[@pedrocruz-ds6bj]

​@@dejangegicapple paid you to

[@mcritz46vl]

​@@dejangegic Swift compiles to a binary, like Go. Unlike Go, there’s no garbage collection: just super-fast automatic reference counting. Swift has lots of language niceties like a strong type system, excellent type inference, Protocol types, type extensions, maybe the best enum implementation ever made. Swift’s Foundation library contains so much functionality that most other langauges need help with a patchwork of packages. There’s an excellent server ecosystem covering nearly all other use cases. There are plenty of downsides. Using Swift on Linux has different behavior than using Swift on Apple systems for things like URLSession. So, writing Server Swift will mean adopting third party libaries like AsyncHTTPClient. Most Swift server frameworks rely on the SwiftNIO library because Swift’s async/await system can hop threads (though, I know this is being worked on if not already in Swift 5.9). And if you aren’t using Docker then you have to install the Swift runtime on your host which can be annoying.

[@LosFarmosCTL]

@@dejangegicit’s actually a pretty amazing language

[@yolocat-dev]

Android Studio may be the most used IDE for Android development, IntelliJ IDEA is the worlds most used IDE for Kotlin

[@gavinchristiantoro]

Where is FORTH?

[@STEAMerBear]

Wow, I taught Pascal and C in the Borland IDE that you used in your IDE screenshot-MAN THAT BRINGS BACK MEMORIES (esp. malloc()!)

[@g3tog4]

So the website “99 bottles of beer” (a site devoted to having programs to print the song lyrics) has 1500+ languages. Given 1 second per language it would take 25 minutes to say just the names…

[@relaxxio9046]

You mentioned powershell, but forgot bash.

[@TheEvertw]

WebAssembly is NOT an assembly language.

[@Superbus753]

R is also required for social sciences like political science.

[@Damjes]

Forgetting PL/1 is no problem for me, but forgetting Forth? Seriously?

[@dv_dream]

4:17 I'd just like to interject for a moment. What you're refering to as Linux, is in fact, GNU/Linux, or as I've recently taken to calling it, GNU plus Linux. Linux is not an operating system unto itself, but rather another free component of a fully functioning GNU system made useful by the GNU corelibs, shell utilities and vital system components comprising a full OS as defined by POSIX. Many computer users run a modified version of the GNU system every day, without realizing it. Through a peculiar turn of events, the version of GNU which is widely used today is often called Linux, and many of its users are not aware that it is basically the GNU system, developed by the GNU Project. There really is a Linux, and these people are using it, but it is just a part of the system they use. Linux is the kernel: the program in the system that allocates the machine's resources to the other programs that you run. The kernel is an essential part of an operating system, but useless by itself; it can only function in the context of a complete operating system. Linux is normally used in combination with the GNU operating system: the whole system is basically GNU with Linux added, or GNU/Linux. All the so-called Linux distributions are really distributions of GNU/Linux!

[@KanashimiMusic]

No, Richard, it's 'Linux', not 'GNU/Linux'. The most important contributions that the FSF made to Linux were the creation of the GPL and the GCC compiler. Those are fine and inspired products. GCC is a monumental achievement and has earned you, RMS, and the Free Software Foundation countless kudos and much appreciation. Following are some reasons for you to mull over, including some already answered in your FAQ. One guy, Linus Torvalds, used GCC to make his operating system (yes, Linux is an OS -- more on this later). He named it 'Linux' with a little help from his friends. Why doesn't he call it GNU/Linux? Because he wrote it, with more help from his friends, not you. You named your stuff, I named my stuff -- including the software I wrote using GCC -- and Linus named his stuff. The proper name is Linux because Linus Torvalds says so. Linus has spoken. Accept his authority. To do otherwise is to become a nag. You don't want to be known as a nag, do you? (An operating system) != (a distribution). Linux is an operating system. By my definition, an operating system is that software which provides and limits access to hardware resources on a computer. That definition applies wherever you see Linux in use. However, Linux is usually distributed with a collection of utilities and applications to make it easily configurable as a desktop system, a server, a development box, or a graphics workstation, or whatever the user needs. In such a configuration, we have a Linux (based) distribution. Therein lies your strongest argument for the unwieldy title 'GNU/Linux' (when said bundled software is largely from the FSF). Go bug the distribution makers on that one. Take your beef to Red Hat, Mandrake, and Slackware. At least there you have an argument. Linux alone is an operating system that can be used in various applications without any GNU software whatsoever. Embedded applications come to mind as an obvious example. Next, even if we limit the GNU/Linux title to the GNU-based Linux distributions, we run into another obvious problem. XFree86 may well be more important to a particular Linux installation than the sum of all the GNU contributions. More properly, shouldn't the distribution be called XFree86/Linux? Or, at a minimum, XFree86/GNU/Linux? Of course, it would be rather arbitrary to draw the line there when many other fine contributions go unlisted. Yes, I know you've heard this one before. Get used to it. You'll keep hearing it until you can cleanly counter it. You seem to like the lines-of-code metric. There are many lines of GNU code in a typical Linux distribution. You seem to suggest that (more LOC) == (more important). However, I submit to you that raw LOC numbers do not directly correlate with importance. I would suggest that clock cycles spent on code is a better metric. For example, if my system spends 90% of its time executing XFree86 code, XFree86 is probably the single most important collection of code on my system. Even if I loaded ten times as many lines of useless bloatware on my system and I never excuted that bloatware, it certainly isn't more important code than XFree86. Obviously, this metric isn't perfect either, but LOC really, really sucks. Please refrain from using it ever again in supporting any argument. Last, I'd like to point out that we Linux and GNU users shouldn't be fighting among ourselves over naming other people's software. But what the heck, I'm in a bad mood now. I think I'm feeling sufficiently obnoxious to make the point that GCC is so very famous and, yes, so very useful only because Linux was developed. In a show of proper respect and gratitude, shouldn't you and everyone refer to GCC as 'the Linux compiler'? Or at least, 'Linux GCC'? Seriously, where would your masterpiece be without Linux? Languishing with the HURD? If there is a moral buried in this rant, maybe it is this: Be grateful for your abilities and your incredible success and your considerable fame. Continue to use that success and fame for good, not evil. Also, be especially grateful for Linux' huge contribution to that success. You, RMS, the Free Software Foundation, and GNU software have reached their current high profiles largely on the back of Linux. You have changed the world. Now, go forth and don't be a nag. Thanks for listening.

[@jonfeuerborn5859]

The question is how in the world did the GNU Project arrive on the worst thing to pronounce with the fewest possible letters. Seriously--it's only three letters and when people see it for the first time, there's about three possibilities that come to mind for how to say it. It's simply a case of stereotypical computer geeks doing something brilliant and not knowing the first thing about marketing, and now we get to hear the oft-repeated lamentations of disrespect when that's not the case at all. Linux is just easy to say and kinda catchy--that's it.

[@KanashimiMusic]

@@jonfeuerborn5859 I hope you're not serious. You're aware that this is a copypasta?

[@chris0617]

I just wanna say: i use arch btw

[@Zevest]

13:53 Swift is open source, so you can also use it on Linux and windows (I’ve tried it), you just won’t have access to apple specific things like SwiftUI.

[@impactclub]

did you just put HTML and CSS in the list of PROGRAMMING Languages?

[@SamiSaba2]

Those are for for web programming

[@impactclub]

@@SamiSaba2 "programming"

[@diogoferreira5217]

High level languages are not necessarily more slow than low level ones. Some compiled languages C for example, have no runtime and are as fast as assembly (because the compiler literately compiled to assembly)

[@mrcrackerist]

Well assembly will always be faster, but the real question is can we code perfect assembly 😉

[@TheSudsy]

Did you mention FORTH ?

[@Herr_U]

Interesting and informative video. A few minor things. You missed FBD, STL, and LAD - all three are very common if you do industrial automation (but virtually unheard of outside that) (usually you end up doing all three from the same tools, and learning them at the same time - they all complement each other but comforms differently to different ways to approach a program) You missed SPARK, the high-reliability version of Ada (given just how insanely safe Ada is to begin with this is kinda mindboggling). Largest user of Ada, it depends on how you view it, if you do it by "organisation size" then yes, it is DoD, but in terms of industries it is used in banking, aviation, railways, and medical fairly heavy (basically in situations where failure are not an option). Nvidia also uses Ada a fair bit. The different Ada versions are notably different (for instance the jump between Ada83 and Ada95 is basically the Ada-counterpart to the jump between C and C++) Portability of Java is rather due to practices than technical reasons, you can compile java-code to platform specific binaries, and you can compile most (compiled) languages to java bytecode (the compiled java that runs in a JVM). (For that matter, virtual machines specific for a specific bytecode isn't exactly rare)

[@dejangegic]

I'm so happy you skipped Groovy. For anyone wondering, Groovy walked so Kotlin could run

[@K.Parth_Singh]

what bro?😂

[@dejangegic]

@@K.Parth_Singh What haven't you understood?

[@darklex5150]

Well then, i thank Groovy but he has stopped walking, i gotta catch Kotlin now if you don't mind.

[@K.Parth_Singh]

@@dejangegic groovy walked?

[@dejangegic]

@@K.Parth_Singh It's a figure of speech. Search for "You have to walk before you can run"

[@garyclouse4164]

You totally missed FORTH developed to control telescopes and the basis computer controlled ,manufacturing

[@cascadesouthernmodeltrains7547]

ATLAS was a programming language used by the DoD and airline industry for diagnostic equipment used for testing and repair of radar and computer components in aircraft. It could also be used for CNC and other machine operations.

[@egoros7]

you can code in swift on windows and linux, but you can't compile it for mac or iphone.

[@edwardfalk9997]

?? I thought Swift was written to replace Objective C, especially in iPhone

[@egoros7]

@@edwardfalk9997 its used most commonly for developing ios apps, but its a programming language on its own, it can be used for other thing like web services, etc.

[@theramendutchman]

This is the case with macOS and iOS in general, it's not even unique for Swift. This is due to Apple's licensing. Also, xCode is not for Swift, is much older than Swift, and there are other IDEs for Swift, Swift and xCode are not related. This dude had so many things wrong about these...

[@jaybutler]

@@edwardfalk9997I think they mean you can’t compile to a macOS or iOS executable from Linux or Windows. Swift has run on Linux for about 7 years and Windows for about 3. It was released under the Apache license starting with the first version to support Linux.

[@Nick12_45]

10:50 uhm... is deprecated...

[@doigt6590]

center is the best element in the world everyone should use it it's pure magic and nobody will change my mind just because it's deprecated.

[@Nick12_45]

@@doigt6590 .div {display:flex;justify-content:center}

[@filker0]

A lot of missing things here: A few examples of the top of my head: tcl Modula2 Modula3 BCPL B BLISS FOCAL FORTH Scheme Utopia Eiffel bash scripts csh scripts D DIBOL MDL

[@CliveBearman]

There was actually a “turtle”. It was a simple turtle-like robot that could hold a pen and draw the results of the Logo program.

[@dabneyapplechunks]

Nice ride! But wot no forth? And bcpl? Some influential blasts from the distant past - and my youth! 😄 Also, OCCAM?

[@Meta7]

Matlab is "MATrix LABoratory", not "Matrix Library".

[@upsxace]

Lots of small wrong/misleading info but i learned a lot about the languages

[@earl.grey_]

What is with abap

[@fernandoalvares9894]

And what abut PL/I ?

[@mrsquiggles1379]

Holy C is a wild ride of a story haha

[@K.Parth_Singh]

What is name of the background music?

[@MrFudgecakeCF]

coconut mall

[@K.Parth_Singh]

@@MrFudgecakeCFthanks pal!

[@cicin.]

@@MrFudgecakeCF Let's go, after loading more comments for like 20 times, and then searching with ctrl+f if someone else has asked the music, I finally found it!

[@low-key-gamer6117]

FORTRAN was the first high level language that was commercialized, not the first first high level language.

[@zainkhalid3670]

ThePrimeTime reacted to you! You're going famous.

[@cs-tn2od]

liked cuz you included terry, dudes a legend

[@andrewcollie]

It was really fantastic to see a mention of MUMPS - it's still the greatest!

[@giociampa]

Still alive and well and in active use - be that via evolution (M -> Caché -> IRIS, gaining a bunch of functionality such as OO along the way), or the purer variant (GT.M)

[@andrewcollie]

Hi @giociampa, I worked for one client just a few years ago and got IRIS shortlisted, but in the end, they went for what "they knew" even though IRIS blew everything out of the water on cost/performance, etc. 🙄

[@MJAME5]

Calliong it "Every Programming Language Ever" is a bit of a stretch. Others I have worked with include Mercury Autocode, CLIST, ISPF, Paradigm Plus, PL/1, REXX, and GML.

[@adojck]

Nice list! Thanks for the video. On what criteria these languages was chosen? As example why V Lang and Crystal was not included? It's my recent favorites :) both really deserve to be mentioned

[@12C76DC]

I think it's top 60 or something like that. Just the video title is misleading. By the way Crystal is great! As ex Ruby dev I really like Crystal

[@tom_stephen]

Knowing our fortune, if Crystal was mentioned, it'd be two seconds long section and said to be "Ruby, but with better speed" :< How he massacred my boy Nim.... I know it's niche language and it can be summarized to be "Python, but C", but there's so much you can include to expand it even with few seconds more... like memory management system you can choose, or macros allowing you to basically rewrite AST to your needs!

[@entropy4959]

Two things that i noticed: 1. You can code in Swift on windows, although the setup is slighly complicated. 2. Rust is not easy, easier than c and c++? Maybe (i haven't done enough Rust to say that for sure). Rust is by the way NOT used for applications where Performance is EXTREMELY important - Games and OSs do not fall in this category, performance there is important, but not extremely so - because the safetey features that it provides slow it down. Programs where performance is key are found in trading and writen in c or c++.

[@dtimer319]

Rust has in many cases been shown to outperform C and C++. Rust is extremely good when performance and safety are needed.

[@entropy4959]

@@dtimer319 correct, rust is extremely good when it comes to speed and safety, but as far as i know, rust is slower than c++ - only on a marginal level so but sometimes this is relevant. I would like to see the cases where it is faster, since I personally would question the speed of the code itself instead of what it has been compiled to.

[@briannormant3622]

​@@dtimer319 It's a lie. For the exact same program C++, C and Rust will compile to same machine code. Rust and C++ can be faster than C in some cases, example (std::sort vs qsort) the compiler can directly inline the sorting operation. But a C programmer optimizing the hell out of his program can use macro and/or simply rewrite a qsort for their specific time to get to the same speed as C++/Rust. If you compare the assembly code emmitted by C, C++ and Rust. It's for all intent and purpose the exact same. If you check a test showing perf comparaison between those 3. Check the code used. It won't always do the exact same thing. It's quite easy to understand why, Rust use the LLVM framework, the same Clang use to compile C and C++ code. So the same optimization can be performance for those 3 programs. With modern processor, when it comes to performance, the best way to optimize is to keep in mind cache localy and branchless programming.

[@doigt6590]

@@entropy4959 there are plenty of benchmarks. At least for math problems, the best Rust solutions are often the fastest or second fastest. However the little known D language beats it in terms of speed any time it isn't forgotten to be included in those tests because D is the fastest boy in the race, when it does happen to race.

[@Smmmile]

You definitely deserve a thumbs up for this one.

[@binary-tree-syrup]

7:55 functional programming is good not just for math, but also business applications. Check the talks "Domain Modeling made functional" and "Making Impossible States Impossible"

[@Herby-1620]

FORTH? (mentioned before). Bash (Unix/Linux shell). Snobol (someone should look at the hisory of programming languages!). Of course there is Intercal (Please!).

[@lynnbethechange]

TCL/TK?

[@georgegonzalez2476]

So many goofs. FORTRAN is not slow. FLOWMATIC ran on a Univac 1, definitely not a supercomputer. Algol inspired Algol W, Algol 68, Pascal, but C, not so much. C didn’t inspire go, Java, JavaScript, PHP, or Python. Also you only hit a few languages, in reality there are hundreds, mostly special-purpose languages and every assembly-language.

[@pavlo2509]

Nice video. I am your 274th subscriber!

[@Leo_Schmider]

What about Modelica ?

[@nbspWhitespaceJS]

what about dreamberd

[@gilbertfagley7837]

Need to add the languages Forth and ARexx to the list. My list of languages over the years are: basic, forth, assemble (multiple CPUs (6502, 680x0, VAX)), pascal, cobol, C, C++,ARexx, HTML, SQL, (i've looked at other computer languages but haven't programmed in them)

[@shadowofheaven3279]

You gotta teach me assembly man

[@2SNesbit]

Did I miss PL/I which was IBM's attempt to merge COBOL and FORTRAN into a single language for both business and engineering?

[@SteveMacSticky]

When mentioning operating systems, be sure to mention Unix/Linux first, then followed by the inferior operating systems such as windows. Bsd must also be mentioned before windows

[@ffpg2003]

Ruby is not for web frontend? Or am i wrong?😂

[@w01dnick]

I think he meant that Rails has Hotwire (Turbo+Stimulus) which allows you to deal with frontend without need to write your own JS code in a lot of cases. Or maybe he misunderstood what Hotwire means.

[@NetherFX]

Great video, but i hope you understand that arguments like "low level runs much faster than high level" are debatable and wrong.

[@appleturdpie]

It's true though, especially for interpreted languages, although this guy clearly doesn't know what he is talking about.

[@KanashimiMusic]

Low level literally runs faster than high level though.

[@NetherFX]

@@KanashimiMusic The two are not directly correlated. Low level gives you more control over memory management, that part was right. You could say the same about a pair of scissors and a chainsaw. If you have no idea how a chainsaw works, its useless.

[@KanashimiMusic]

@@NetherFX They are definitely correlated, very strongly I would even say. I don't know what exactly you mean by "not directly", but most traits that are inherent to higher-level languages naturally come with performance impacts. 1. As you yourself said, low level gives you more control over memory management, and if you don't have that control, the language (or rather, the runtime) has to do the work for you, very often through a garbage collector, which has some performance impact. That is unless the compiler manages the memory for you, like in Rust, but calling Rust a "higher-level" language is debatable at best. 2. High-level languages usually include a lot of non-zero-cost abstractions and overhead which can have significant performance impacts. 3. All high-level languages that I can think of are interpreted. Even languages that are usually referred to as "compiled" are really not - they're compiled to machine code for a virtual machine like the JVM which then interprets or "just-in-time compiles" that code to actual machine code at runtime. And quite obviously, interpreting also has a significant performance impact. Granted, the JVM JIT specifically is known for being very good at optimizing in real time, but even it can't possibly beat ahead-of-time compiled, ACTUAL machine code. I'm aware that low-level vs high-level is not binary, rather, it is a spectrum that's not very well-defined or universally agreed upon. But it's impossible to deny that many of the traits that make a language "high-level" inherently lead to programs written in that language being slower.

[@Kylefassbinderful]

LOGO was the first language I ever learned about. It was in middle school. We had these old 486 computers with early Windows and PrintShop and Logo. I had a lot of fun making different looking designs. In a year or two I would buy a used TI-83 for $20 and teach myself TI-BASIC, which is incredibly easy because it's an already very limited version of BASIC. Those were some fun times!

[@akaballechoes]

Why not mention Bash when you mention PowerShell, I'm confused !

[@aaron5877]

SAS…. Figures it wasn’t mentioned. Because it’s proprietary?

[@sampatton146]

Also FOCUS and Easytrieve

[@stevehuffman7453]

you "forgot" DOS? Didn't see it in the avitar picture.

[@programmingwithian]

No malbolge?

[@TBButtSmoothy]

Everybody talks about Temple OS's dude's problems but never about his awesome talents. That OS can run on a speck of sand. Idk why people don't research it more

[@arglebargle17]

All 1500+ languages? I doubt it.

[@techie.ayushsonone07]

What About BrainF*ck programming language

[@yvangodin9313]

Simula was module oriented langage and Smalltalk the first oriented langage and the oop has been invented by Alan Kay

[@wiseguy7224]

The title is nonsense. There are thousands of programming languages around...

[@histufly]

You left out TCL with TK that I use every day. The guy I know that knows APL drives a bus.

[@nevokrien95]

Fortran is 1 of the lowest level languges we have today. Its used for places where u need the highest preformance along with c. For context it's generally excepted that u can't really beat c/c++ on raw speed but fortean managed to at times.

[@santiagouribe8819]

SQL is not a programming language, it is a Structured QUERY Language.

[@damiencostanza5995]

What about HTA, JScript, and VBScript?

[@backseatgaming2145]

You missed D language, it's not very popular, but there are companies that use it

[@nkacey2000]

you absolute legend.

[@bengiroux6278]

Great video, your timestamps broke a little bit. They don’t show any of the non-letter characters like + and #

[@macxgeek]

What about Apple Script?

[@CallousCoder]

I programmed in MUMPS and FORTH. And I’m only 50. It how could you miss FORTH? It’s even used more (still) than MUMPS.

[@AlFasGD]

Many of those were half-assed, either missing explaining anything about them or being factually misinformed. If you want to explain "Every Programming Language Ever" in 15 minutes, you can trim your shilling of Python and be more informative about all others, while grouping them based on the paradigms they are primarily focused on

[@jucedoesthings4534]

(To be fair, it's a 30 second "shilling")

[@rogercarlsson8679]

I miss Standard ML and Scheme 🙂. Functional programming is interesting from a mathematical point of view.

[@Jolfgard]

6:00 Matlab stands for Matrix Laboratory, thank you very much.

[@vidwod]

love the powershell part

[@shayneoneill1506]

Its weird hearing "Fortran" and "slower" together. Fortran compilers have been around so long and are so refined they generate ASM so optimized its considered one of the only languages that runs faster than C. Its a *rocket ship* of a language (And yes, it'll do your GPU stuff via its vector extensions and run them crazy fast). Its also so old its possibly your actual grandfather.