Evidence for black holes being dark energy?! | Night Sky News February 2023

[@frankjankje7491]

The sentences "This is my area of expertise" and "I don't buy it", following it up by peer reviewing these papers on the spot are just phenomenal. This is science at work. More of this Becky!

[@Patrik6920]

...i both agree and disagree.....it has a limited effet over time as the black holes die (yes black holes eject enegy(matter) )...but it can take millions if not billions of years... but its true this affect both the size, density and how much the black hole distort space-time... (eintein predicted a linear correlation between mass/energy and T[space-time stress tensor] wich i belive isent accurate enugh...

[@oskarskalski2982]

​@@Patrik6920it takes more than billions of years... a lot more. As I remember for now even totally lonely BH that are not accreting material are not shrinking due to CMB outweighing Hawking radiation.

[@Patrik6920]

@@oskarskalski2982 ..welll its not that simple....if space-time changes... anything that has mass will be affected... regardless...

[@Lord_and_Savior_Gay_Jesus]

More of this and more Universe Juice.

[@chrisf84]

Yes! Dr. Becky's whole discussion from 31:48 onwards is a beautiful showcase of why science should be left to the experts. A layperson reads the research primed by news as 'Dark Energy solved! it's BHs!' and thinks "hurpederp, I now know all about DE and BHs, thanks science!'. Dr. Becky show's us how scientists/experts consider a paper and criticize it respectfully while adding its data to their body of knowledge regarding the ongoing 'discussion' they are having towards finding the Truth. Textbook critical thinking and prudent reservation of judgement all wrapped up in a concise summary for all to appreciate. This is why I love this channel.

[@MusicBent]

I really enjoy how you skeptically looked at these papers. First explaining the data, their model and what it implies, and how you interpret the results and the paper. It’s great to see a reminder that good science involves disagreement, and isn’t always as simple as ‘testing the hypothesis’ because data is messy, and assumptions always need to be questioned.

[@deanlawson6880]

Wow! This is a *Much More* technical and in-depth monthly video than usual Dr. Becky! When other published papers "encroach" on your area of expertise then you really get energized and it really shows. Kind of tough to follow the really technical bits here, but you can follow along and get the gist of it, I suppose. Very nicely done Dr. Becky! Thanks for this.

[@FredPlanatia]

This episode is an excellent example of why i love your channel. You break down cutting edge science and explain things well so that a lay audience can understand them. In this particular episode, you did a great job of structuring the presentation so that concepts presented in the early part helped in understanding later parts. And you shine a spotlight on how science is done, by measurement, analysis, publishing, predictions, further measurements and debate. Thanks so much for being our go to astrophysicist!

[@DrBecky]

Thanks Fred! Very kind words and much appreciated. Glad you enjoyed the video

[@saltybits9954]

There are engineers and farmers and mechanics all over this country who have a better grasp on the universe than these Einstein quacks.

[@slickfast]

​@@saltybits9954 okay then, explain how black holes work if you're so smart.

[@micahfoley9572]

totally. she's got such a gift for this. I think Her and Anton Petrov are my two favorite youtubers for turning stuff that's way over my head into stuff i can actually ponder in my own time. plus, now i get to imagine black holes burping, and that's pretty good lol

[@Iammrspickley]

​​@@saltybits9954 these? and when you post a lecture on your take on the universe?

[@Firebuck]

Ever since hearing this dark energy theory, I've been asking myself "Wonder what Becky has to say about this!"

[@jmpattillo]

Same here

[@richardl6751]

WWBS. 😄

[@josephjackson5088]

Have been thinking the same. She is awesome, as usual. Her reply is much appreciated. 👍

[@ministryofarguments3525]

I like the proposal made by Sabine Hossenfelder that the universe is really made from Dark Humour, it seems to fit the observations. 😂

[@paulmichaelfreedman8334]

I wonder what Kip Thorne and Sean Carroll have to say about it!

[@ArvinAsh]

Great analysis on the new papers Becky! I knew this was your area of expertise, so had been very curious to get your take. Glad you added context by talking about your own research results about the source of growth of black holes.

[@ThomasGabrielsen]

You are by far the coolest astrophysicist I know of and what I really love about you and your videos is your ability to explain complex astrophysics in a way that even I can understand.

[@michaelpettersson4919]

And THAT is a very useful skill when looking for funding.

[@YogiMcCaw]

The Cosmo Coupling is a very intriguing idea. One thing I like about it is that it attempts to explain dark energy without having to hypothesize new particles we don't know anything about or new physics that we also don't know anything about. The other thing I like is that the math (although I can't do it myself) seems to hang together, at least that's what astrophysicists such as yourself and Leonard Susskind are saying. I have also been watching vids where Leonard Susskind explains his ideas about ER=EPR in which he shows how black holes can (at least in mathematical theory) be expanding on the inside. Although what you say about direct observational evidence of what's inside the event horizon of a black hole being nearly (or maybe completely) impossible to obtain, others are attempting to mathematically model what might, or what could, be going on in there. No wonder you're so passionate about it. It is truly quite interesting and sits at the cutting edge of cosmology today.

[@Rattiar]

Thanks very much for explaining the super-complicated dark energy / black hole growth relationship. I needed this! (I smile at the little bit of debate drama in your corner of science. I understand this is how science works. Can't wait to hear more!)

[@bmobert]

You are the first youtuber I've seen that explained the dark energy-blackhole connection in anything approximating coherence. Thank you. This is why I watch your show regularly. Thank you very much.

[@barrywilliams9682]

I have to agree with you bmobert becky has worked out that dark energy remains as the three forces of nature were stripped of dark mattter having been disposed of by nutrinos in the area where the black hole is forming.

[@jettmthebluedragon]

Well unfortunately black holes and dark energy have nothing to do with dark energy 😑that’s misleading i would upload a video about the topic but the truth is none of it matters 😑people will ALWAYS be people 😑as no matter what science says people won’t care 😑we are repeating our lives no one cares we will never exist again no one cares 😑as mass shootings war will continue so rather then telling the truth you have to let others deal with the truth on their own 😑as I would ask you what do you want RED or BLUE 😐

[@saltybits9954]

There's no such thing as "dark energy". Its what they call everything they cant explain.

[@jettmthebluedragon]

@@saltybits9954 I agree 😐I have also thought of a new hypothesis for black holes and galaxies 🙂I thought of it on January 15-2023 🙂I call it the GHCH 😎so why have I not explained it ? 🧐it’s beacuse I understand something you don’t 😑I do NOT need need some lame ass Nobel prize and 2 people will ALWAYS be people 😑and 3 you will be forgotten anyway 😐so that’s why I don’t talk about it 😐

[@saltybits9954]

@@jettmthebluedragon Let me hear it. 😁 I too have my own theory. 🤪 Wanna share thoughts? 🤭 Lets bounce atoms off each other's heads. ⚛ I wont bite. 🐍

[@morkmon]

Woah that Lyman-a break animation made it really clear what is going on, great visualisation!

[@greenspaceexplorer]

Thank you, Dr. Becky! You're the first big science communicator I've seen that did a proper peer review and found that 2019 paper! My PhD advisor is one of the authors on the new papers and I've been following this research since its conception (though my main research is in cosmic rays). This all came about because Croker et. al. found a legitimate bug in Friedmann's equation (an equation derived from Einstein's field equations to describes the expansion of the universe), and were able to show that stresses interior to compact objects, like black holes, should contribute to the dynamics of the scale factor (scale factor = the parameter that says how much the universe has stretched between times A and B). They describe the bug succinctly in their 2022 paper "Well-defined equations of motion without constraining external sources." It's this part that I'm most excited about because - assuming that this bug is real - no matter what, we will learn something about the environment inside black holes through cosmological observations!

[@dllahr]

I love this, I strive for this all the time and coach my team members about this all time (in computational biology):. Really dig into the unexpected it's either a bug in the code or new science! Either way we need to know

[@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721]

Debugging scientific theories sounds a lot more fun than debugging code.

[@dllahr]

@@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721 I do both. Debugging code is a quicker reward :)

[@Lolwutdesu9000]

Or it could just be a mathematical artefact and be wholly meaningless.

[@localverse]

Physics Phiend thanks for explaining your comment so clearly! What was Friedmann's equation supposed to say? (that might now be a bug)

[@quantumradio]

Good video. I continue to like the fact that you bring up and discuss papers from the current literature. This adds to the critical analysis of the topic being discussed. Keep up the good work!

[@spinninglovelies314]

Thank you so much for discussing all of this. It's so interesting to see someone with knowledge of the subject break down these papers into understandable information and show us where the flaws may be.

[@davetriplett4779]

Or Truths , if you're a Believer., Optimus, 🤪

[@Jaabaa_Prime]

I love that the dark (Brian) energy theory with black holes falls totally in your area of your expertise. An awesome review that I've personally been waiting for you to address since it was released. Thank you so much!

[@sureshbaliyan3655]

Why they call it dark?

[@leapy99]

​@Suresh Baliyan cause you can't see it

[@sureshbaliyan3655]

@@leapy99 if i want to simulate blackhole in my Lab, what you expect in result? A disk rotating, get accilerated , expand in its size and what more?

[@Miss_Darko]

@@leapy99 Dark in this case (Dark Energy and also Dark Matter) mostly refers to how it's not well-understood

[@Jaabaa_Prime]

@@sureshbaliyan3655 Old English expression "being kept in the dark", meaning you don't know what is going on. The astrophysicists are in "the dark" with regards to what "dark matter" and "dark energy" actually means. As Dr Becky stated, we could just call it "Brian" 🤣

[@timfarmer5535]

Dr. Becky. Thank you. I was listening to the black hole/ dark matter part of this video and you stated that nothing can go faster than the speed of light "Under the laws of physics as we understand it". I studied aerospace enginery in university and I loved that before we broke the sound barrier the was a far amount of people who thought we couldn't go faster than sound. Right now our best understanding is nothing can move faster than light. There are theories about warping space/time... these are work arounds. I hope there are kids studying now who don't let our current limitation keep them from proving us wrong. Always great info, you're keeping my love of space alive. I heading to the Nightscapers conference in May as I go deeper into astrophotography. Your channel keeps me motivated! Thanks again

[@ice52381]

I love how animated you get when the topic hits a nerve within your area of expertise. It shows just how passionate you are about it, and that passion is infectious.

[@xyzain_1827]

This explanation on what the paper said was better than Sabine's ramblings. She seemed to be targetting anger at physicists instead of trying to explain the average layperson. Your engagement was so much better, thanks

[@mrgalaxy396]

Thank you for the thorough breakdown of the paper discussing the dark energy link to black holes. The idea isn't that far fetched actually, but I'm always skeptical when the leading intuition is "the maths turns out neat". The logical leap in assumptions to provide "evidence" was even more damning. I'm not saying there is nothing to the idea, it could be that there genuinely is a link between the negative pressure of vacuum and black holes via this coupling, but it's gonna be a lot harder to provide evidence for it than oversimplifying it like these researchers did. Still, solid idea, solid effort.

[@jasongacek6487]

Love how you are always able to take cutting edge research like this and break it down for lay people like us. Thank you very much! BTW I’d love to hear your take on Voids like the Bootes Void. Very fascinated to hear if anyone knows why these huge areas are virtually empty.

[@arthurcamargo8416]

Dr. Becky, that image with the galaxies is absolutely mind blowing! The odds, at least in my estimation, are pretty good that there is/was/will be a being on a planet in one of those galaxies looking at an image like the one we see, whose mind is blown too! Absolutely amazing!

[@DDFergy1]

Wow you really explain this in a coherent manner. Introducing the current thoughts to a person like me who rarely considers these things. I found I could understand the issues you presented and was intrigued. Your skill in communicating complex topics is amazing.

[@michaellong5714]

Thank you for reply and for the update on that recent paper, Dr. Becky. I'm currently getting serious about studying astronomy and astrophysics and I appreciate your ability to explain complex investigations into black holes and dark energy in terms lay people can understand. You are providing a very needed and welcome service.

[@jettmthebluedragon]

Black holes have nothing do do with dark matter or energy EVERYTHING about the universe is misleading 😑in fact I personally came up with a new theory for galaxies 🙂it was a hypothesis I PERSONALLY came up with on January 15 2023 🙂I call it the GHCH the Galaxy Hurricane CREATION Hypothesis 🙂I would go deep into detail but I’m not just going to give you the answer😐you have to find out the answer for your self 😑so I’ll ask you what do you want ?🧐RED or BLUE ?🧐if you say BLUE the story ends and I’ll leave you alone 😐but if you say RED you stay in wonderland and I’ll tell you how deep the rabbit hole goes 😐remember I’m NOT doing this for some lame ass Nobel prize as people will just forget and money is NOT unlimited 😑all I’m offering is the truth no matter how cruel it is 😑nothing more and nothing less 😑so blue or red 🧐? The choice is yours 😑

[@jd9119]

I know this is an old video now, but did you read the paper? Instead of relying on an "expert" to interpret something for you, why not just try yourself?

[@fwd79]

Dr. Becky I've downloaded the *Abel* image and you were correct, I am not disappointed at all. The wondrous galaxy and universe in the background, just mesmerising, awe-inspiring indeed. Thank you for sharing and keep up the good work 👍👍

[@kennynolan736]

Astronomy is so fascinating and these videos are a great way to get a taste of what's going on in that field. Thank you Dr Becky :)

[@timgravierjr.4241]

You just got name checked by PBS Spacetime! You're knocking out out of the park! Good form, Dr. Becky!

[@tomassvenningsson6260]

I once worked with an engineer who considered himself to be so colossally talented that at one point he said: "This is something that someone like me would have come up with". It created a vacuum that swallowed all the energy around him.

[@RideAcrossTheRiver]

I have an ex who said "cosmology is for twelve year olds"

[@carlosoliveira-rc2xt]

@@RideAcrossTheRiver With the current state of cosmology, it appears to be, although I suspect she meant astrology.

[@huyxiun2085]

I feel like someone like me could have come up with such a sentence. And I'm an engineer.. Wait... Do I know a Tomas? ;-)

[@RideAcrossTheRiver]

@@carlosoliveira-rc2xt She said 'big bang' theory is childish. I said it's a scientific theory which explains, in full, the observations we make and the evidence we see. She walked out of the room.

[@peterkent6250]

​@@RideAcrossTheRiver Either this is made up or you are in a relationship where you aren't trusted enough to be the source of truth or fact. Either you rant to much or she believes in the made up. Either way, sometimes in life. You have to check yourself. Alternatively you say "i'm not going to try and argue with stupidity, you can't convince fools not to be fools. It's something they must discover themselves."

[@sylviahoffman9440]

Thank you so much for breaking down these thoughts, theories, and sky viewing charts. That chart using Orion as a reference to find the pleiades is the first time I've ever been able to understand where they are. Orion is so easy to find, and now I know where Taurus is and the "sisters". You are the best teacher. Tonight is the 27th, but So California has been in rain for almost a week, so I doubt I'll see anything looking at the sky except rain in my eye. 😉

[@dkevans]

Makes a change for California weather-wise though.

[@toddmarshall7573]

Can you see all seven of them?

[@sylviahoffman9440]

@David Evans You are so right. I live in Los Angeles area, which makes sky viewing even more challenging. Orion is one of the few constellations I can actually see with all the light pollution. 🌟

[@sylviahoffman9440]

@Todd Marshall with my naked eye, not too well, but on a clear night, I've taken pictures and noticed I captured them. (I was pretty excited when I realized it the first time 😁)

[@gamemeister27]

I've always sorta had this question, if black holes could be dark energy, but I have no real physics education beyond highschool so, nice to hear an actual expert talk about it.

[@GK-qc5ry]

I thought the same thing just a few months ago. What if they are the source of dark energy.

[@Rocksidion]

Came here from PBS space time; so glad I found this channel. Thank you for your work!

[@ajhokie130]

Thanks for sharing your thoughts on the black hole/ dark energy story. I was really curious about it, and fairly skeptical. You should probably publish your own paper on the topic. Also, I'm halfway through your book and enjoying it very much! 🙂

[@paulmangan8842]

The more I think about space, the more my head is melted but I love it and you’re great to listen to

[@robinandersson862]

From now I will refer to Dark Energy as "Universe Juice", and there's no going back from here

[@tommylakindasorta3068]

I'm going with Brian.

[@zzzaphod8507]

@@tommylakindasorta3068 I hear Brian calls it "Universe Juice" as well

[@tommylakindasorta3068]

@@zzzaphod8507 🤣

[@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721]

We should petition the IAU to change the term.

[@zzzaphod8507]

@@vigilantcosmicpenguin8721 It might be fun if they changed dark energy's name to "Pluto", just to confuse everyone.

[@williambrasky3891]

“Ohhh it’s just not the the same as it was” has burrowed deep in my ear. Now it’s stuck in there. Thanks a lot.

[@ODSD_EXCITEMENT]

Dr. Becky TEACH! Wow this was imo the best video I've seen from you and on this topic. Really appreciate and enjoy the presentation of math equations combined with succinct explanations. As always love your passion, clarity of speech, cute humor and science! I'm beginning to trust you.

[@S1nwar]

the idea of having the SMBHs grow with the expansion of the universe and then that increasing their mass since its strictly proportional to the radius is quiet elegant.

[@TacoBell84]

Reading your book atm. Just started chapter 6. It’s a wonderful book.

[@TacoBell84]

I bought 3 copies of the book one paper, one hardcover and on audible

[@DrBecky]

Glad to hear you’re enjoying it!

[@enggilbertoguimaraes]

25:38 I didn't understand why to conserve energy the black hole with more mass results in a dilutted universe with negative pressure... I would appreciate if anyone can explain a little more or give a direction on the physical principle involved

[@Fstop5.6]

I just love the joy you bring to astrophysics 🎉🎉🎉

[@stevesilvernail9166]

great show Dr. Becky there is so much more to learn about this stuff and you are always on top of the latest news

[@DragonKingGaav]

Universe juice...classic Dr. Becky!!!

[@Juice-chan]

I must say this Black Hole being responsible for the expansion of the universe is a neat and attractive theory. I even talked about that yesterday with the family. I am really interested to see where this will go.

[@eljcd]

25:40 I have a gripe about this "Energy must be conserved". The context is the stretching of spacetime itself. Can you apply conservation of energy to General Relativity?

[@emrek99205]

Yes. It is one of the foundations of Relativity.

[@eljcd]

@@emrek99205 Dark Energy implies that the vacuum energy stays constant as the Universe expands, and photons get redshifted=lose Energy with this expansion. Hard to see Energy Conservation here.

[@jonathanward7110]

Your brilliant Dr Becky. Thank you for your KZbin uploads. With less The Sky at Night programs lately I've missed an astronomy fix and this is one of the best. 😁👍. Thank you

[@jonathanward7110]

You're 😞

[@lethargogpeterson4083]

Nice editing. I especially appreciated the equations and the fades of both the closer galaxies and the different data points in the elliptical galaxy graph. Subtle, nonintrusive, but added clarity.

[@DrBecky]

I agree it helped make it SO clear. It's all down to my new editor for Night Sky News Jonny Hyman. His channel is linked in the video description 👍

[@AquarianSoulTimeTraveler]

@@DrBecky it's quite easy to understand that accelerating expansion pass the speed of light is an illusion... is there any single observation point the speed of light is broken then it is illusion... I don't need to hear about how space stretches out and that can make it so you can go faster than the speed of light bunch of BS... not only is it happening all throughout the Universe it's happening locally in our solar system ICU arrives and I have an experiment we can do to test this. On the Voyager they hit the ortcloud at 120 AU when it was calculated to be at 130 AU... when we resend the next batch of boys are Starcraft when the planets align we can test and see if this looks to be even further... if so then it is obvious dark matter is increasing in density and creating illusion of accelerating expansion past the speed of light... with this test we will be able to get an accurate gauge of this Dark Matter expansion rate so we can get a true grasp of how close objects are to us... might be closer then expected. If you think about it light is mass in motion kind of like field propagation. Red shifting is losing mass to maintain velocity. I propose that dark matter is made of hooks instead of strings therefore we cannot view a dark matter particle because we are made of strings... Just imagine a 3D string with a membrane Things folded over under immense amounts of pressure and attaching to its other side like a hook now the membrane is not visible making it appear invisible. Blackholes would have the power to compress regular string matter into hooks making it appear to disappear everything that enters... if you are truly smart AE past the speed of light should make no logical sense and you shouldn't accept the reason the system has proposed if you are truly smart. If at any observation point the speed of light is broken then is is illusion! It is the only logical solution! It's like Inception... lots of people thinking it makes sense because they don't want to seem like they don't understand it... it makes no logical sense! I know you see it! I know you are smart!!!

[@AquarianSoulTimeTraveler]

@@DrBecky we do know that neutrinos have mass... light mass. I have also theorized that dark matter May interact with regular matter... as the strings pass through the hooks they get ripped into a different kind of hook making regular matter forms turn into dark energy or matter... if this is the case we would have exponential growth of dark matter creating the illusion of accelerating expansion past the speed of light... it's alot more logical this way then breaking the speed of light... don't even waste your time trying to explain Inception to me... i understand it makes no logical sense... if it does to you then you are fake... peacd and love 💘

[@popquizzz]

At some point in my past, I considered that the singularity of black holes must be the rest state of the universe, but then Hawking radiation came into that equation, and I was forced to consider the probability that perhaps black hole conditions or that state is not a rest state of the energy of the universe but that there must be another rest state of the universe that has not been found. Is that a quantum gravitational state? A state where quantum fluctuations cease to exist? If there was a point where nothing existed not even the potential for anything, no fields, no probability, is that the universe's rest state, and because the universe as we know it today is headed for more of a lack of heat death due to Cosmic Inflation with potential and matter still existing does our universe really die? And then that brings up my next thought...What if Cosmic Inflation causes a rip or tear in the fundamental spacetime structure of the universe, what would this look like on a cosmic level? Would this ewswmble a structure like the Great Attractor or would this act like cosmic inflation run amok in every direction?

[@deeplearning7097]

This was an exceptionally good episode, even by your remarkable standards. Thank you.

[@rtg_onefourtwoeightfiveseven]

I was curious about the black hole thing and this was a great video - a very clear explanation of the physics, the evidence, and why it's possibly less convincing than at first glance. One thing I don't quite get is 25:35. Why *should* there be conservation of energy? According to Noether's theorem, energy is conserved when the Lagrangian has no time dependence, but this is one of the cases where the Lagrangian _does_ have time dependence due to the scale factor. And in similar cases where we look at the expansion of the universe, energy definitely isn't conserved (e.g. in a radiation-dominated universe with increasing scale factor, energy drops as 1/a). So why should we assume energy must be conserved here?

[@vincewatkins8439]

I LOVE DR BECKY! Thank you for making space so interesting and exciting! You rock!

[@onebylandtwoifbysearunifby5475]

Great video this month! As always, i appreciate the detail. People can look up the stuff they don't know (and maybe will be inspired to); but if the detail isn't there to begin with....

[@Miss_Darko]

I always kinda figured that the reason the expansion of space was accelerating was that as galaxies move further away from each other, their gravity becomes less and less able to slow down the expansion. The idea that the expansion is just an intrinsic property of space kind of feels intuitive, but I'm also not really that familiar with all the work that's been done to understand what little we do know. I've done some reading up on it but I honestly struggle to parse the really technical stuff.

[@johnyu1750]

I agree, Dr. Becky. I just saw two other videos regarding the coupling of dark energy and the growth of black holes. I didn’t believe it when I read the title of the videos. I’m glad somebody believes me.

[@gregscopel1132]

Thank you, Dr. Becky, for your very informative, and humorous, videos!

[@ZetaFuzzMachine]

But, Dr Becky! These two papers were interesting to me because they could potentially solve both the dark energy and the supermassive black hole growth problems! You talk like the question as to how SMBH got so large is already answered! Is that so?

[@wallstreetoneil]

As an actual Statistician, I can say this is either going to be the Perfect example of finding a completely unrelated variable that just so happens to perfectly correlate to what you are looking at - or it will be the Statistical find of a lifetime.

[@olliverklozov2789]

I remember an oceanographer who was tracking El Nino who saw a graph compiled by an agriculturist friend that matched his data. He then correctly predicted the corn crop of Zaire for 19 of the past 20 years. Some things are intertwined beyond chance.

[@Urkhster]

Wow. The explanation of that paper was top-notch, and I loved your rebuttal at the end. I really need to go to school and learn more. Like you, I am always thinking about black holes (and gravity and dark energy), but I know I need more than just what youtube videos can teach me if I am ever going to understand them as intimately as you do, which is quite inspirational. I also liked your "Balrog" suggestion better than "Brian" for the name of dark energy. "A monster cloaked in shadow."

[@JaccovanSchaik]

30:50 it'll turn out to be pi won't it.

[@w0utar]

was thinking the exact same thing 🙂

[@Bobby-fj8mk]

@@w0utar - me too.

[@sixft7in]

Heck yeah! Found a new channel to binge and listen to while working!

[@ADHJkvsNgsMBbTQe]

Thank you for sharing such excellent science communication. Keep up the great work!

[@Alister222222]

'This is my area of expertise' - I thought you were going to say 'cosmology' or something, but 'supermassive black hole growth' made me just snort out my coffee. Yep, you're definitely the right person to ask about this study!

[@jonu7216]

Hi. Dear dc, like always your episodes are keeping me very focus in. It s amazing what we learn and understand every day. I have seen yesterday that JWT found at the edge of this range very big and well form galaxies, that proved that the universe is so much older that we think. I am not un expert în any arya of expertise, for me is just a way of spending my free time a little. Probably, there is no darkmatter at all. And all the movement that we see in the universe is the result of gravity between all the things that are out there, and for sure any gravity force has an opus force that act in the opposite way to equal the equation. The sum of all this opposite gravity forces can be responsible for the expansion of the universe. Every force that is out there comes from un equation,and is the result of a spended energy. That energy cames front somewhere and is producing effect on on the other side of the equation. What I am trying to say is that all this attraction forces that represents gravity have Un equal rejection forces,exactly like magnets. Just an ideea.

[@Alkis05]

Wow, I thought the question was if black holes could be dark matter. That it could be "dark energy" is even more interesting.

[@notforwantoftrying1]

very nice video, one of your best imo. particularly, i like the in depth review into the reasoning for and against the theory of dark energy that you discussed. dark energy never sat right with me on an intuitive level, but as you rightly point out we need to have solid empirical evidence to support all claims about the universe

[@NowanInparticular]

With those numbers matching, this leads me to believe we're the ones changing position within multiple gravitational lenses causing what we perceive as cosmic expansion

[@Mentaculus42]

Fraser Cain has a great interview with the main author of the papers on the black holes might contain “Vacuum Energy” conjecture. If one is interested in the topic, the interview does possibly give one something to ponder about. KZbin Title: Breakthrough In Dark Energy? Here's What The Researchers H... Dr. Becky does an outstanding job of explaining the concepts and tries to be very even handed despite her skepticism. I wish I had seen this video before the Cain one as you can get a much better critical understanding of the arguments. It is interesting that another youtube video just dismisses this without any serious explanation and never even mentions the term Vacuum Energy which suggests that she doesn’t have much credibility on this subject.

[@mazilliusmashupgunz318]

This episode was just recommended in the most episode of PBS Spacetime about whether or not blackholes are dark energy (I recommend that channel to anyone here as a nice compliment to this channel)

[@unicornep1818]

Do you think there will be a citizen science opportunity with the JWST? excellent as always. Pip pip

[@DrBecky]

Yes the Galaxy Zoo team are already working on getting a project going with public data 👍

[@unicornep1818]

@@DrBecky Thank-you, have a great weekend. Pip pip

[@ThreeTwentysix]

I love that you're showing here how science is a continuous raging argument, and not something just accepted by scientists.

[@johnburr9463]

Every KZbinr out there is totally paranoid that the noise generated by the neighbors is going to be heard by us on the viewing end. Especially when folks are live-streaming. To this day, I have never heard the noise from outside whatever building the KZbinr is in. And I listen to a LOT of KZbin.

[@cafaque]

I'll never get tired of listening to you. 🥰

[@SiqueScarface]

One of my physics teachers used to say that behind the event horizon, we can't tell anything. Black holes could be filled with yellow rubber ducks, for all we know.

[@greggary7217]

Indeed. I’m only being half facetious saying that it’s ironic that we seem to use known physics to evaluate hypotheses concerning objects one attribute of which we do know is that beyond it’s event horizon said known physics completely break down. I’m often baffled by the circular logic.

[@murraymadness4674]

@@greggary7217 I agree and have pointed out the same many times before. I don't think the universe is expanding at all, that red shift is not because of galaxies racing away from us, but from the universe containing something that absorbs the light energy causing the redshifts. What could it be? Well it could be anything, we make up all kinds of stuff that has no known physics explaination. btw, I also think black holes are actual holes, there is nothing inside them, the collapsing mass converts into rotational energy, which is well known physics. Singularities are total nonsense.

[@JH-en6ql]

I have an idea to test the theory. If black holes are providing negative pressure, thereby causing expansion of space, then there should be a slight difference in two different sets of measurements: (1) speed of galaxies moving away from us where the galaxies are in the direction of our back hole (i.e., our black hole is between us and those galaxies); and (2) speed of galaxies moving away from us where those galaxies lie along a line intersecting our black hole and us (i.e., we are between those galaxies and our black hole).

[@timfriday9106]

hahaha. I absolutely love your "bloopers" at the end of this video. You are the most awesome.

[@jerryoconnor-ps8bb]

My son and I have a serious interest in our universe. I thought that I had a grasp of what a black hole is. Well for years I had as good an understanding as any layman had. But about a month ago I saw a video on black holes which seemed to overturn the little that I knew. Yesterday (2/4/23) we spoke for almost three hours. He was horrified at my new understanding. And he put me onto your channel Dr Becky. Just a few videos in and your explanations of qusars, pulsars and black holes are giving me a far better understanding. I have no qualifications whatsoever, just always been interested in how our universe functions. Thank you so very much. I tried reading the late great Stephen Hawking's book but even his simplified version almost gave me an aneurysm 😊. I am looking forward to watching all of your content. To loosely quote Goldsmith in relation to you ( compliment) " Amazed that one small head could hold all he (you) knew". Thank you again Doctor Rebecca.

[@michaelmcgowan7099]

Thank you for supplying such a clear explanation of these two papers suggesting that dark energy and black hole growth are cosmologically coupled. My head would have exploded just trying to comprehend all the math in that first paper. I love your channel. I learn so much and it inspires me to learn more.

[@GoCoyote]

I have always had trouble wrapping my head around the statement "the farther into space we look, the faster the galaxies appear to be moving." Since we are literally looking back in time to when the galaxies were much younger the farther into space we look, how would we know that we are seeing them move away from each other at a faster rate now instead of just seeing them moving faster at the beginning of the universe?

[@chrisalmanza3773]

What happens when gravitational waves "strike" a black hole. We know that space is stretched here on earth due to LIGO. Is the "space" inside the black hole stretched too? Or since space and time have "switched places" in a black hole, is time stretched instead?

[@jxmink]

As not-a-professional-physicist, I was curious about The Paper's use of conservation of energy. First of all, it seems like the claim is, "The black holes are gaining energy because they're growing with the expansion of the universe, and conservation of energy demands that the energy must come from somewhere else, so therefore the energy must be coming from diluted space-time." However, based on Noether's Theorem, conservation of energy is a consequence of time symmetry, and it feels to me that we may be in a situation where time symmetry may not hold, meaning that claims related to energy conservation need pretty strong theoretical and mathematical backing. Am I off base on this?

[@paavobergmann4920]

As a non-physicist trying to wrap my head around the Black Hole story... Yes, I know, the rubber sheet analogy is so simplified it can make you think wrong things, therefore my question: The idea is that with expansion, black holes grow in size, therefore swallowing vacuum energy and gaining mass from that energy, right? So they are not only swallowing up matter in spacetime, they are also swallowing up spacetime itself? And here comes the rubber sheet: if I imagine a rubber sheet with several black-hole- dips, that are getting deeper and deeper, pulling ever more rubber sheet past the "edge "of the funnel that is the Event Horizon (event horizon, Event Horizon was the ship), wouldn´t that stretch the sheet between the holes, which would, from the point of view of two dots painted onto the sheet, look like spacetime was expanding? Is that a totally wrong way to try to imagine cosmological coupling? And another thought, initiated by a text I recently read about Emmy Noether: Does Noether´s theorem come into play here, that energy is only conserved if the system is temporally symmetrical, i.e. if there was a condition that was not symmetrical in time, could we get past the conservation of energy? Maybe this is all just indication that my poor little squishy biologist brain is thoroughly blown by now. Thank you for that.

[@UnshavenStatue]

My reaction to the paper was much the same as yours, intense methodological skepticism followed by intense pleasure at Section 4, on how to use other methods to investigate the idea. Those other methods all sound super cool, and would teach us a lot about the universe whether or not they back up this specific idea. Great section.

[@BrianBullington]

As a Brian, I feel very called out! I am not causing the expansion of the universe. I'm trying to bring people together when i can!

[@BrianOSheaPlus]

22:33 -- Alright, I'll stop causing the accelerating expansion of the universe. Sorry, my bad.

[@K.nd3]

I've really loved this channel for a while, but you're slowly becoming one of my favorites for sure. I LOVED this video

[@maxn6613]

I bought your book "a brief history of black holes" and a few hours later I found this vid lol can't wait to read it!

[@RunD.Ones1s]

This video smacks of “how can the sun be the center of the solar system when we can see it rotating around the earth in the sky?”

[@swagonman]

Fundamentally, how can black holes be responsible for pushing the universe apart while at the same time sucking matter and light in?

[@BryanSeigneur0]

When you got done summarizing the theory I was like "OMG, Becky!" Then when you got done summarizing their test I was like "look at the size of those elliptical galaxies' black holes!" Then MC Humpty's music started up in my head "Baby got Black!" Super amazing to hear such a theory in to hear your critique on it.

[@CthulhuTheory]

I absolutely love this new information for black holes coming out and furthering our understanding, even if it turns out to be wrong, it's still a fascinating concept!

[@shrutiw.6904]

Question: how do you know we are looking back at the "origin" of universe when we see distant galaxies? I mean, yes picture's containts might have happened 13-14B year ago. But how do we know it's the 'origin' and not the future's past? If you know what I mean....

[@schmetterling4477]

We aren't looking back at "the origin of the universe". We are looking at an event horizon that is caused by spatial expansion.

[@jds28z]

Hi Becky, thanks, that was very interesting, particularly the section about black holes. One thing I don't understand though is that you argue something like: " the Eddington limit puts a limit on black hole mass growth, but we see that black holes can grow more quickly than this, ergo: we don't understand enough about black hole growth to make the assumptions in this paper.." I agree that there is obviously a lot of research to do to confirm or refute this, but doesn't this hypothesis explain why we see black holes that apparently grow faster than the Eddington limit? I don't see the fact that black holes exceed the limit as a problem, more as a potential confirmation. Or have I misunderstood?

[@jds28z]

Hi, @@nuclearpyjama, thanks for the explanation

[@TheHorseshoePartyUK]

I like the idea that it could be Planck Stars inside some or all Black Holes. Then from there go into the absurd, and each one of those is in fact it's own crunched up universe inside. Which then contains it's own Black Holes. Possibly all connecting to some bizarre 11D singularity network causing vaccuum energy and 'virtual particles' to momentarily form?

[@anastaciochapa5198]

When I was in High School, I remember a demonstration they did in science class. They took a standard size marshmallow, and put it in a vacuum chamber. As the pressure in the chamber was reduced, the marshmallow grew to the size of the chamber, which was about the size of a bucket. I always thought of the universe in that way, the universe is expanding into an infinite void, theoretically the universe could keep expanding, and accelerating in an attempt to fill the void. At some point in the future, it is possible that everything in the universe will be moving at the speed of light, at which point time will equal zero.

[@gastonpossel]

Someone else seeing a circular argument in this dark energy hypotheses? The Universe expands -> blackholes are coupled and expand with the universe -> therefore, blackholes gain vaccum energy as their volume increases -> from conservation of energy, there is an equal amount of 'negative'(dark?) energy created outside blackholes, so to balance the gained vaccum energy -> this dark energy acts as a negative pressure that causes the universe to expand -> The Universe expands.

[@TheJasonBorn]

Dr. Becky's scientific toes get stepped on and energize her. Love it.

[@kevink2398]

Thank you for the breakdown of all these details. Amazing how the science and understandings are so well explained by you.

[@CED99]

"If you've got the bandwidth" It's only 195 MB

[@bacsi8337]

An alternative theory. The closer an object is to a gravity well; the slower time passes for that object with respect to an object farther away. The farther away from a gravity well, the faster time passes for that object with respect to an object closer to a gravity well. This does not dispute that the faster an object moves, with respect to slower object, the slower time passes for the faster object. If this is true, then an observer near the outside edge of a galaxy would see the stars orbiting close to the galaxy’s black hole moving so slow that they should be incapable of staying in orbit. At the same time, an observer near the galaxy’s black hole would see the stars on the outer edge of the galaxy moving so fast that they should not be able to stay in orbit. Yet the stars near the black hole do not fall into it, and the stars on the outer edge do not fly off into space. Apply that same concept to the universe. Galaxies closer to the center of the universe would experience time slower than galaxies farther away from the Universe’s gravity well. So we see galaxies farther away from the center of the universe accelerating faster and faster. An observer near one of those farther away galaxies would see the galaxies closer to the center of the universe slowing down faster than they should. I’m wondering if Hubble’s Law should incorporate an acceleration variable based on distance from the Universe’s gravity well, similar to the Gravitational constant. A long time ago, a Catholic Pope asserted that there is no such thing as a space with nothing in it. Early scientists demonstrated that he was wrong when they demonstrated the vacuum. Then scientists envisioned an undetectable “Ether” between all spaces. Einstein demonstrated that they were wrong. Now a new batch of scientists are envisioning undetectable Dark Energy and Dark Matter between all spaces. Why do confused scientists keep reverting to that Pope’s assertion? Has anyone examined how Dark Matter is described and how similar it is to how Gravity is described?

[@gioradan4807]

This is a fantastic episode. Thanks so much for the time you put into those. To something more earthly. Is the t shirt you are wearing available on your merchandise link? I know it is a very silly question in the grand scale of things, but it's brilliant!

[@carlosg9729]

My brain hurt after watching this vid and I love it! Cheers! :-)

[@boathousejoed1126]

Recently read a good quote,don't be a black hole...be a shining light. The message being a black hole is a star that is self absorbed.