Evolution Explained

What is the theory of evolution? How does natural selection work? What is the evidence for it? Discover the rich history of life on earth, and the elegant mechanism that drives it.
0:00 Introduction
1:02 Artificial Selection
2:34 Natural Selection
4:42 Evidence for Natural Selection
8:26 Divergence into Separate Species
10:10 The Tree of Life
12:56 Conclusion
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How So - Hebrew: / @how-so-hebrew

[@kebunbahagiabersama3351]

I love how you explained artificial selection first and go into natural selection. Good content. I am teaching Evolutionary Ecology, this helps students to visualise.

[@wajeehdaouk5150]

evolution isnt real it goes against the very concepts of biology itself. you will never create new genetic proteins, you can only inherit and pass on what you have, only activate or deactivate what you already have in your body, nothing new will pop up out of no where, and not a single animal can create a new gene. u know why diseases change over time? because these bacteria have the ability to take what is already existing from the bacteria it contacts and mix it with it's own, it didnt evolve, it's not an animal that needs to reproduce. animals and humans on the other hand need to inherit from their parents, not a single gene will come from outside. if a problem happens, it's just that, a problem, not evolution you will mi lining up animals based on how much genetics they share with one another doesnt prove evolution, it's just sorting. besides, if evolution means that animals change so much from what they used to be then that means that chimps wouldnt exist because they turned into humans, yet chimps still exist

[@kebunbahagiabersama3351]

@@wajeehdaouk5150 one of the mechanisms of evolution is mutation apart from natural selection. Sometimes mechanisms of evolution does not rely on a single mechanism but in parellel with others. Bacteria needs to reproduce as every cells undergo cell divisions. To reproduce is one characteristics of life regardless it is a single cell (prokaryotes like bacteria) or eukaryotic cell - multi-cellular organisms such as human. Why every living thing needs to reproduce even bacteria so that it species don't become extinctions after it died. Cos one of the characteristics of life in biology is that all living things after birth will eventually die. Thus why reproduction is important. A mutation that happens in a germ cell can be passed on to the offsprings. Bacteria and virus continue to evolve, this is proven with how many strain of COVID-19 we have and that's is evolution. Natural selection depends on what gene variants are available in the gene pool, the most adaptive trait will be more apparent in the next generations to adapt to the current environment.

[@wajeehdaouk5150]

@@kebunbahagiabersama3351 "one of the mechanisms of evolution is mutation apart from natural selection. Sometimes mechanisms of evolution does not rely on a single mechanism but in parellel with others." so evolution is a concept that doesnt need this or that to happen and just happens because only 1 mechnism is needed, ur definition isnt even consistent "Bacteria needs to reproduce as every cells undergo cell divisions. To reproduce is one characteristics of life regardless it is a single cell (prokaryotes like bacteria) or eukaryotic cell - multi-cellular organisms such as human. Why every living thing needs to reproduce even bacteria so that it species don't become extinctions after it died. Cos one of the characteristics of life in biology is that all living things after birth will eventually die." bacteria doesnt need another cell to reproduce, it requires energy and materials it's different from animals "A mutation that happens in a germ cell can be passed on to the offsprings." a mutation in a human MIGHT get it depending on the severity of a mutation, u know why? because the body wants to avoid mutations, and be consistent with what u have in ur genetic makeup "Natural selection depends on what gene variants are available in the gene pool, the most adaptive trait will be more apparent in the next generations to adapt to the current environment." and where did all the genes in the gene pool come from? "Bacteria and virus continue to evolve, this is proven with how many strain of COVID-19 we have and that's is evolution." bacteria and viruses get diverse genetic makeups from the existing bacteria in the environment, they never make it on their own, they need something that possess a gene which they do not in order to gain something new, they never create it on their own, it's not evolution, place 2 viruses in a tube and they will eventually interact and get a new virus, that's how viruses work, but not humans, we humans have a massive gene pool that is diverse, but only compatible to human beings, nothing will add or remove from it except everyone with a specific gene dying all at once,

[@nahshon9998]

You are aware that artificial selection and natural selection is not evolution? Aren't you? Selection is selecting. Selecting can only happen if some outside source does the selecting. You can breed all sorts of dogs. Big and small. But all your selecting can only make more dogs. They might be big or small but they will always remain dogs. No one has ever used natural selection on dogs and ended up with a non-dog. The dogs might be small or bigger but they will 100 % still be dogs.

[@supernimo739gaming7]

A god created the earth 4 billion years ago, created the earth, which is a globe, he let then another planet collide into the young earth, creating the moon. He created what we know today, all creatures and evolution, he created science, the occult, etc. Then he let all that go for 300 million years in the Carboniferous. After that, the god created amphibians and the first insects, years went by, he created the dinosaurs, stegosaurus, giganotosaurus, t Rex, (rex means king in Latin) etc. A rock collided into earth, the ice age, stone age everything, he then let a wise prophet, son of the flame, Yahweh (Joshua) come into earth and teach good to humans, he got crucified, or did he? Years went by, now we have something called global warming, which is threatening all life with anoxic oceans, carbon amok, rising seas, etc.

[@danielwilliams83]

Best overview of evolution I've ever seen. I hope they show this to school kids around the world. It's very concise and easy to follow.

[@How-So]

Thank you!

[@Golems_wrath]

@@How-So well made video well done soldier....lol

[@Golems_wrath]

@Pᴀᴡɴ S𝜏ᴀʀ𝕤 ✯🇫​ᴀɴ tell that to the Republican Party and creationist covenant. Lol I won’t stop making halo references I’m too woke to stop lol as Sargent Johnson once said....”ARG YOUR ALL GONNA DIE!” LOL

[@wajeehdaouk5150]

evolution isnt real it goes against the very concepts of biology itself. you will never create new genetic proteins, you can only inherit and pass on what you have, only activate or deactivate what you already have in your body, nothing new will pop up out of no where, and not a single animal can create a new gene. u know why diseases change over time? because these bacteria have the ability to take what is already existing from the bacteria it contacts and mix it with it's own, it didnt evolve, it's not an animal that needs to reproduce. animals and humans on the other hand need to inherit from their parents, not a single gene will come from outside. if a problem happens, it's just that, a problem, not evolution you will mi lining up animals based on how much genetics they share with one another doesnt prove evolution, it's just sorting. besides, if evolution means that animals change so much from what they used to be then that means that chimps wouldnt exist because they turned into humans, yet chimps still exist

[@Golems_wrath]

@@wajeehdaouk5150 bruh you literally are commenting on a video that explains how its a fact. Also you aren't a biologist nor study it. I'd recommend not saying something disproves biology when you have nothing to base it off of other than an old book. Just saying it makes you look dumb...so please be sure to back up your claims. Just for your own sake.

[@poirazisteam5523]

This video is a masterpiece. The simple explanations and the intriguing animations are just perfect. I don't understand how it only has aboyt 40k views. Whoever made this is worthy of much more recognition. Thank you

[@nahshon9998]

They are animations that have nothing to do with reality.

[@stefansmith4313]

​@@nahshon9998 except evolution has evidence while you have nothing.

[@nahshon9998]

@@stefansmith4313 Good, what evidence? Any eye witness evidence? Fossil evidence? Has anyone actually seen any animal become more complex? Please, I would like to see your observable, testable and repeatable evidence of evolution. We call that science.

[@stefansmith4313]

@nahshon9998 we have the fossil record, genetics, antibiotic resistance, the aldabra rail, and the pepper speckled moth. Is that sufficient evidence, or are you gonna be a creationist about it?

[@swagilyph]

Big fan of taxonomy, phylogeny, natural sciences, etc. Also been on youtube for a long time. You made a really great video, man.

[@sumitnarsale]

I havent seen any other video which covers almost all the aspects of the topic so easily in 15 min with animation...perfect for kids and adults as well. After watching hours of videos on this topic, I feel this top 0.001% material. THANKS for taking time to create this and making it available for us for FREE

[@danminer5343]

But everything in that video is imaginary garbage, only science fiction and is the opposite of science.

[@oreosaurs2658]

You’ll be famous in the future keep on doing videos I believe in you. I am your 16th subscriber I am here (Also this video is amazing I love it)

[@soluteemoji]

As the 91st sub I agree

[@Riley_The_Snailsquid]

OMG Hi Oreosaurs!

[@oreosaurs2658]

Hello

[@vigneshwar726]

This video deserves more than a million views. It's well put together and easy to follow.

[@Golems_wrath]

True. But the KZbin community is MENTALITY disabled that they don't care what good content is especially if it's progressive

[@atak_draws]

Awesome video! I really enjoyed it! just one small thing. At 11:00, you show a cladogram of different animal clades, those being reptiles, birds, and mammals, but that cladogram is kind of misleading because, fun fact, birds ARE reptiles. They aren't a sister clade; they aren't just related; no, they are as much of a reptile as crocodylomorphs are, and they even make up a clade called Archosauria together. Other than that small nitpick, this is a really good video.

[@one_logic]

Aves falls under reptilia (commonly called reptiles), but does that exactly imply that birds are reptiles? Just because all land vertebrates (including mammals and reptiles) fall under the category of sarcopterygii (commonly called lobed-finned fish), does that mean that we are fish? In that sense, we are all fish. Also, I don't think the video ever said birds weren't reptiles in the first place. When did it say it was a sister clade? I believe the background colors were only for artistic purposes.

[@AspireGMD]

Seriously though, this video is way too good to only have fewer than 10k views. Incredible and informative while maintaining simplicity, great work!

[@joyaperi5179]

This is the most I've learnt about evolution and it is explained so clearly! The script and art are perfect, looking forward to seeing more! 👏🏼

[@LyriixLKE]

This is your first video and I am happy to be your 20th subscriber! Just keep it up and you will succeed. And don't be too hard on yourself. There's no such thing as failure. Please Make more! I love. these kinds of channels. I am very excited to be here at the beginning of your journey. As I too am at the beginning of mine.

[@How-So]

Thank you very much :) Good luck!

[@Golems_wrath]

@@How-So great video bud. Also Watch out soldiers the creationists covenant are coming! BATTLE STATIONS MOVE MOVE MOVE MARINES! THE CORPS AIN’T PAYING US BY THE HOUR!.....lol

[@trigon9064]

a great animation work describing evolution, although this is your first work, you did an excellent job, we look forward to your continuation of your work.

[@TheForgottenArtist10]

I like how you used two different environments and predators, if any, to show how that different species can come from one ancestor (which is called divergent evolution)

[@set_blocks]

Here before this blows up. This is very well done! Love it.

[@Golems_wrath]

It’s a great video. Watch out soldiers the creationists covenant are coming! BATTLE STATIONS MOVE MOVE MOVE MARINES! THE CORPS AIN’T PAYING US BY THE HOUR!.....lol

[@wonderman7166]

*I LOVE THESE KINDS OF EVOLUTION VIDEOS

[@xxMomentForLifexx]

Very well executed and explained in a very understandable, yet absolutely scientific way. Love it!

[@user-dh6pz5eo2r]

God created us to wership him

[@mirkan9738]

I'm from Turkey. In my country, evolution is not taught in schools because people have religious dogmas. Fortunately, thanks to the internet, it reduces my ignorance a bit. thank you.

[@Swade-kf5vw]

What do they teach about the fossil record in Turkey?

[@h.n.t.d7963]

Im fron indonesia, the funny thing is we learn about evolution but no one belive it for the same reason, religious reason

[@hillbillyboyDakota]

It was taught in our Christian university but as a theory not as dogmatic science.

[@kevinjohnson3521]

@@h.n.t.d7963 evolution is religion too >> “The extreme rarity of transitional forms of in the fossil record persists as the trade secrets of paleontology. The evolutionary trees that adorn our textbooks have data only at the tips and nodes of their branches; the rest is inference (guesses), however reasonable, not the evidence of fossils.” Stephen Gould

[@h.n.t.d7963]

@@kevinjohnson3521 yeah goodluck trying to explain that on my muslim friend lol

[@Rryan8065]

Amazing video, and I love how you clarified that a theory in science isn’t just a guess, but an evidence backed explanation of our knowledge on the subject. Earned a subscriber, will share this video for sure.

[@Golems_wrath]

Watch out soldiers the creationists covenant are coming! BATTLE STATIONS MOVE MOVE MOVE MARINES! THE CORPS AIN’T PAYING US BY THE HOUR!.....lol

[@Rryan8065]

@@user-fw2tc7mj8t DNA, direct observation, fossil record, phylogenetics, geographic distribution, evolutionary baggage etc. evolution is a proven fact. It is not a fact there is a god either, and the Bible is very very far from the truth😂😂😂

[@ozymandiasultor9480]

@Lukas Gaines How will convince anyone? What proof, evidence, or rational, logical argument do you have that god exists? And that book is just an old fantasy book, something like an old Harry Potter book, it is no argument or proof. On the other side, evidence, and proof for evolution? You can google that and you will get an incredible amount of what you ask. Stop being lazy, and start thinking rationally and logically.

[@TheGamingCapybara]

@Lukas Gaines But who killed and made the dinosaurs not god that's for sure the only reason why is because god is a mammal and mammals were small rodents in the late cretaceous period and we all know an asteroid struck the earth because of the giant creator in Mexico. so....... you can't prove anything sorry it's the truth

[@KatsyKat]

@Lukas Gaines believe in what you want, maybe they are real, though i am a person of science myself and base my beliefs on evidence, i would believe you if evidence was shown. But that’s just me :)

[@besteyldz6601]

I have watched a lot about evolution before but this is honestly the best I have seen so far. Good job, you got my subscription

[@user-cp6rh7pf5h]

Na silsil?

[@TonyMoscato]

Wow I’m so shocked this is your first video. So well done and great for many education levels. Please make more!!! I’m bummed this is it so far lol

[@Gary4DLC]

Wow, this is one of the best and clearest videos explaining evolution I've seen so far. I love it! This is going to my favorites. I propose we call that first organism "Yggdrasil" lol

[@EnriqueVarelaJr]

Wow. Amazing. At first I was like, is this going to be another jangly guitar kids evolution bs video? and NO it wasn't! I was blown away, by the level of this content, the research, the graphics, the presentation and script. You have yourself at least one more subscriber and I deeply look forward to your next production.

[@samueldowd8408]

Wowsers! For someone's first video an small subscriber count great job, almost professional quality, looking forward to see more from you, keep up good work, go well :)

[@tauan4498]

Excellent content. Simple and objective. Very well designed. Looking forward to more videos and may success accompany you

[@How-So]

Thank you!

[@RakaTGP]

Same

[@kevinjohnson3521]

@@How-So except it all relies on the belief in magic, trickery given time!

[@Swade-kf5vw]

@@kevinjohnson3521 Whats your theory that better explains the change in species overtime?

[@maxexist4763]

@@kevinjohnson3521 could you explain how magic plays into this

[@randombanana640]

this video is a masterpiece. I really like the way you explain it and the animations. I hope your channel succeeds. although i would like some sources document, that's my feedback

[@infinitystormsafire2425]

this is very helpful to people who dont get taught about evolution because of religion

[@schlydops6352]

I believe in god but also in evolution, i just don't understand why many people hate evolution just because of religion, like they just can't believe in both

[@infinitystormsafire2425]

@@schlydops6352 same

[@jonathangasparotti4456]

Evolution? It should be called "de-volution". All in nature is proof of Inteligent Design: kzbin.info/www/bejne/l3vYkmBme9WgpKs

[@peterstoric6560]

Same here, glad to see other people that aren’t on one extreme vs another

[@emiriye]

@@jonathangasparotti4456 Get a life instead of spamming a bowl feces under a KZbin video. You are Italian and a conservative, go beat your wife or something.

[@1DMapler18]

the cells in our bodies also experience evolution, this is how cancer forms in our bodies. our cells change so much that mutations can easily build up and metastasize. SciShow did a great episode on this

[@Agi0CS]

This might be the best visualisation of evolution I've seen. Very clear and pedagogical narration. Deserves millions of views.

[@spatrk6634]

nice quality. il sub just because you dont have any subs. you deserve more for such video dont stop doing atleast this quality and you will probably be very big channel

[@bskec2177]

I've got to nit-pick a little with the whales. The elongated fossil whale appears to be a graphic representation of Basilosaurus, which is indeed a fossil whale, from about the time period listed. However, it is not ancestral to modern whales. The lineage that did lead to all modern whales, both toothed and baleen whales, was already extant at that time period, and the Basilosaurids went extinct, and are believed to have no living descendants.

[@1Animeculture]

Evolution is the most beutiful thing, its like a ballet of life, a delicate opera of chances, risks and death, but also of fertility, growth and life. An astounishing product of nature

[@world_musician]

*sorts comments by new, puts on gas mask "Im going in!"

[@neildegrassetysonwithaknif7124]

It's definitely toxic round these parts!

[@dragonplaysminecraft3170]

This is just going crazier and crazier, It's so weird to think that we ALL are connected, we and all the living creatures.

[@sabbirshanto2148]

We are. All life come from luca.

[@Ulysses37]

That was....amazing! Very professional. Factual and thought provoking. Superb work.

[@jojosuelobo]

Amazing! This video its so cleary and so well explained, and i loved the animations, hope to see this channel bigger!

[@s8306214]

What a beautifully made video. You got my subscription after a few seconds. Keep it coming brother 😁

[@thegameranch5935]

I just want to say that birds did not share a common ancestor with reptiles, they are direct descendants of reptiles aka dinosaurs Also the animations are SOO good, love it

[@Golems_wrath]

Watch out soldiers the creationists covenant are coming! BATTLE STATIONS MOVE MOVE MOVE MARINES! THE CORPS AIN’T PAYING US BY THE HOUR!.....lol

[@thegameranch5935]

@@Golems_wrath what?

[@Golems_wrath]

@@thegameranch5935 lol idk i was making a halo reference. Also because creationist are as dumb as the covenant from halo, so i made a funny joke reference. Lol i Roleplaying as SARGENT Johnson. Lol hopefully you understand now.

[@sovereignone1900]

It is true that birds evolved from reptiles however I want to clarify that birds didn't just descend from dinosaurs, they still _are_ dinosaurs! :D (in fact they are the only living taxa of dinosaurs) One of the reasons for that is that _Dinosauria_ is a _clade/monophyletic group_ meaning that its a group containing a common ancestor (this could also be a common ancestral population) and all of its descendants (because in _cladistics_, a "branch" is always part of the tree or whatever branch it has grown out from). _Reptilia_ however, is often treated by biologists and paleontologists as a _paraphyletic group_, for traditional reasons, because it excludes birds from the group. So one part of Dinosauria belongs to Reptilia, while the other one to _Aves._ _Sarcopterygii_ for instance, whose members are collectively known as _lobe-finned fish_, are also often treated as a clade. Since the ancestors of _tetrapods_ (four four-limbed vertebrates incl. their unconventional descendants like whales and snakes) were lobe-finned fish, one can than cladistically classify amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals incl. humans and whales as fish (in fact, from a modern, cladistic notion of fish one can also consider all vertebrates to be fish).

[@thegameranch5935]

@@sovereignone1900 yes, I know. I think its called nested hierarchies but im not sure. Basically you can’t “outgrow” your ancestor

[@Ange65230]

Cannot fault the presentation, beautifully simple. Nevertheless those who do not believe will never believe as their dedication to their ‘gospel’ tells them a different truth which they simply cannot challenge. A Jehovah’s Witness said to me recently (literally last month) if evolution exists, why are there still monkeys? Surely they should all be human now? I was such a ignorant question and easily answered. I corrected her by saying “Monkeys and humans shared a common ancestor, no monkey or ape has ever evolved into a human”. She smiled. An all knowing smile which said “Ah. Poor soul, he just does not know the real truth”. Blind faith is for closed minds! Like flat-earthers they deny the evidence before them.

[@jehandesains8674]

Yes, the brainwashing is very thorough, but some do manage to escape, so we must not stop presenting the truth out of frustration that the majority refuses to listen.

[@funlightfactory6031]

It's wrapped up in various words, like "prayer" and "religious belief," but what it is when stripped of the obfuscation is magic. When people pray, they are casting a magic spell. They are saying words in the hopes of divining a supernatural change. They believe a woman got pregnant by magic. That Noah parted the sea with magic. God is synonymous with magic. I don't even bother trying to convince people of evolution. I tell them if you have a better solution that doesn't rely on magic or an invisible sky daddy blinking things into existence like I Dream of Jeannie, I am all ears. Magic isn't real, they need to grow up.

[@Ange65230]

@@funlightfactory6031 huh…..I dream of Jeanie isn’t real? 😟

[@h.n.t.d7963]

@@funlightfactory6031 okay thats one way of saying it lol

[@HenrythePaleoGuy]

Nice, simple, and very clear. All the makings of an excellent channel! You may well be 50K plus by the years end!

[@sdsyoutubeplace1234]

This is such a great video! Everything is well explained and easy to understand!

[@robinvangils2104]

Very nice video, which software package did you use to create this kind of animations. I'm just trying to do this as a new hobby

[@How-So]

Thank you. We used adobe animate, after effects and premiere.

[@robinvangils2104]

@@How-So Thank you for your response, i want to ask you some questions. Can i contact you via e-mail? Thanks in advance.

[@jerryhinkle9509]

Well I just found a underrated channel

[@slevinchannel7589]

I found it 5 Seconds ago. Anyway: May i recommend other good Channels?

[@imanuelrahamim6339]

Where can I learn more about the dating methods discussed at 07:00 ? Chemical and Geological alike.

[@mistingwolf]

Beautifully presented and easy to understand. Thank you for this video!

[@anonymous-rb2sr]

This was a good video, but you should maybe make a followup targetting the misconceptions around evolution, since nowdays most people are familiar with the concept of evolution, while misconceptions and misunderstandigns persist, and aren't really ever mentionned or targetted by education, this is a problem because first of all, widespread misconceptions are never good, and second of all, some of them are so widespread that they even affect scientists I'll give a few examples of very common misconceptions relating to evolution:

[@anonymous-rb2sr]

(1) "evolution always does a good job" That one is probably influenced by creationism, as well as the numerous impressive examples of lifeforms, but the idea that a process that is completely random by nature will always create perfect little designs is extremely childish and even dangerous in it's implications That is absolutely not how evolution works, evolution works by the bare minimum, anything that survives will survive, no matter the difficulty or ease of survival This creates trends that are observable, in environments where survival is easier (generally biomes with a greater availibility of food), you will always see a high biodiversity, where as in harsh environments, you will only see a handful of species, and the difference can be imense, from hundreds of species per an arbitrary area in a tropical forest or corral reef, to only a dozen species in the exact same area in arctic conditions. When lifeforms have an easy time surviving, the weird mutated offsprings will have a much easier time surviving when their mutation makes them less competitive, than it would in a very harsh environment, and if they are good enough to survive, they will then reproduce in large numbers, which will create something that looks like speciation, and can turn into speciation, while in practice just being the offsrpings of the original species, and the offsprings of a mutant individual born from that species, and this is how you get tens of thousands of species of related spiders in a rainforest. But, if suddenly the conditions became harsh, all the individuals of most of these species would completely die out, leaving only the most efficient and performant spiders to survive. This misconception can be dangerous when it's applied to humans (or used as an assumption for important policies regarding wildlife), for example it's a very widespread trend to have doctors think and say "well the apendicite cannot serve no purpose, "NATURE" doesn't make mistakes like that!" and that's the problem, nature, and natural selection, ABSOLUTELY DOES make mistake, absolutely does create individuals that are worse than their ancestors at the general given task of living, absolutely created entire species filled with major design flaws, leftover pieces from their ancestors, or simply just a bad piece of design that wasn't bad enough to impact the survival of the individuals born with it

[@anonymous-rb2sr]

(2) "thinking the models directly translate to reality" this is another big misconception, though that one is more rare among scientists, but the gist of it goes like this, a person will understand the basic concept behind natural selection, then will proceed to say that a particular design feature of the phenotype HAD to have had some selective pressure, then run into wild speculation to justify the existence of a feature And while yes, sometimes, even most often times, there will be selective pressure pushing towards the appearance or preservation of a feature, NOT ALWAYS. sometimes species just have a mutation because of complete luck, sometimes a massive and apparent feature of an animal had pretty much no reason to exist so far as it would raise it's odds of survival, positive mutations are not always selected, they're in fact usually discarded, it's a complete matter of luck wether an individual born with a mutation that gives it an objective advantage over the rest of his species will survive or not, you cannot forget it's environment and all the randomness that surrounds it, we can imagine as a thought experiment, a little baby dinosaur born with an amazing mutation, one that gave it not only incredible intelligence compared to the other members of it's species, but even let's say be 20% more intelligent than modern day humans! (it's a thought experiment the possibility of that event happening isn't the point). Well, what if the egg that organism was in was just too dry and it died? What if some rat like mammal just came along and at him from his egg? What if he was eaten by his hungry cannibal parents after his birth? What if he was born in a priod of drought, and would end up having his entire group die of thirst a few years later, what if he was killed by one of his preys in a hunting accidents, what if he was born on an island volcano that erupted soon after it was born and killed it? What if he was succesful, created an entire society of hyper intelligent dinosaurs made out of his direct offsprings, just for that volcano to erupt 15 thousand years later and kill every last one of his offsrpings? You probably see my point. Natural selection is a completely random, highly violent and highly unfair process, by no means does having a positive mutation guarantee sucess or survival or the perpetuation of that mutation, it's just that on average, accross millions of years, the trend is that positive mutations will be part of individuals that end up surviving more often than negative mutations that decrease their competitiveness. But not always, you can totally have a group that split off from a species, let's say on an island, became completely worse in every way over time on that island due to lower competition, lower selective pressure, lack of predators etc and whatever else accompagnies island life, then suddenly because of a natural disaster, or the introduction of a new species on the mainland, the mainland species which is objectively more competitive than the insular one ends up going completely extinct, then some time after human scientists wander over and marvel at the little things, and despite finding remains of the mainland species, and concluding it should have been more competitive, still get it into their heads that the insular species must have been better in some way than the original mainland species. And no, sometimes that can just be complete luck, making the assumption that all species are equally fit for survival even for the environments they evolved to inhabit is a complete mistake on every level (I'm looking at you koala bears) The environment real world species and life evolves in is extremely complex and full of many many many luck based factors that most models will glance over or ignore, but thinking that natural selection will always yield good or even "the best" design that can be produced considering the biomechnics of life, or that all features of all living species must have a very good reason to exist (accompagnied by selective pressure) is just completely false, and when applied to humans and medecine, or to how we should deal on certain species of wildlife, assuming a good design is dangerous and wrong

[@anonymous-rb2sr]

(3) "species evolve over time" While it is true that all humans had an ancestors that was a fish and lived in the sea, most people will take this and then jump the gap and say that it means this "species of fish evolved into a species of amphibians" that is incorrect, all the fish that made up the population of whatever fish species our direct ancestor was appart of died, that species did not evolve, it just went extinct, what happened instead was that one individual carried mutations that made him slightly more amphibious than aquatic, that individual alone created offsprings which in time were so numerous as to form a new species, identical to their progenitor, BUT, the rest of the population, those that were more fish like, those all died out Because of sexual reproduction, the process is more complex than just all being descended from one individual, several individuals bearing rare mutations can have thier offsprings mix together, but at the end of the day, evolution is a process of REPLACEMENT, not evolution, the species does not change, rather a species births a new species in the form of a mutated individual, which then if he is lucky and if his mutation is beneficial, ends up outcompeting his progenitor species and driving them to extinction That process is hard to visualise because that all happens within a population, the number of individuals, the population size, can remain the exact same, and you will come back a million years later, and see that the species is now different, so it just evolved, right? Wrong, it was replaced by it's own mutant offspring from the inside, whenever a species looks completely different than the species that originated it, which is the default case on long periods of time, the original species is gone, extinct, and the current species is only born out of a small number of individuals, who replaced those who were more like their parents

[@anonymous-rb2sr]

(4) "taxonomy" that one is one of the biggest sources of confusion and misconception in the scientific community so I feel it's really important to address Grouping individuals into originally species, then all the layers of modern taxonomy (genus family order etc), might be a convinient model, and a simple tool to try to organise the infinite variaty of individual life forms we find, BUT, if a scientist, or anyone, forgets that taxonomy is nothing more than a model which does not at all reflect how life works, then it is bound to create massive mistakes and errors of judgement Anything beyond the level of individuals is strictly incorrect, it's fine to want to group living or past organisms into species and phyla, only as long a one keeps in mind that none of those things exist, they do not represent the reality of biological life at all, they might represent in a very fragmentary and inaccurate way ancestry, and help us organise billions of individuals who own have their own genomes, but they are not real structures of the natural world A perfect example of the mistakes this creates is when you will see a paleontologist smugly remind everyone in the room that modern birds are dinosaurs, and yes, taxonomically, birds are classified under this tree system, and since they have a direct line of ancestry to the species defined as the common ancestor of the clade dinosauria, but the reality of the biology is that the individuals that make up what we define as bird species nowdays, are very different from the members both of the common ancestor of the dinosauria clade, as well as the common ancestor of all "avian dinosaurs" So the strictly scientifically accurate statement would indeed be that "all birds descended from the same ancestor as everything we define as a dinosaur due to having this exact common ancestor... in common", which stands in stark opposition to the taxonomical view of "all birds are dinosaurs because that's how we classify lifeforms", and the problem isn't that either of these statements are incorrect, the issue is that taxonomy itself, and even the mere process of grouping genetically distinct individuals into groups, will always be incorrect, with the ammount of error mounting with the size of the grouping one wants to create, as well as the level of genetic difference between those individuals I understand that what I am trying to explain is hard to get one's head around, it's the reason it's such a common misconception after all, but another way to explain it is that when a person says "modern birds are dinosaurs", that may be true with the definition of bird and dinosaur he is using yes, but the definition of dinosaur that person is using in this case does not correspond to any biological reality, it's only an idea and a definition born from a classification system that by design makes approximations to allow us to say that genetically different individuals are part of the same group. And my point here is simply that losing track of that means completely losing track on the reality of life and biology

[@anonymous-rb2sr]

of course it is completely up to you wether or not you would wish to make a follow up targetting misconceptions around the subject (those are just 4 examples, there are many more, those were just the ones I could see stand out the most as the most widespread and most harmful misconceptions) But I do think it matters a lot more nowdays to address misconceptions around evolution that are never being mentionned, rather than try to convince people that evolution in itself is real, which hopefully just beating a dead horse by now

[@W1nstorm]

You’ll be big one day, and I was here :)

[@How-So]

Thank you :)

[@SM-be5dh]

Great vid and editing, excited to see where you go

[@seanaugagnon6383]

I subscribed. Hope you keep coming out with videos. Highest quality first video I've ever seen.

[@aidanspencer3079]

Love the video, please keep making more

[@Golems_wrath]

Watch out soldiers the creationists covenant are coming! BATTLE STATIONS MOVE MOVE MOVE MARINES! THE CORPS AIN’T PAYING US BY THE HOUR!.....lol

[@kinglyzard]

12:55 The Tree of Life looks more like the Pennicillin Mycelium of Life. It started in the middle and spread out in all directions.

[@c.g.silver8782]

Very ambitious and very good first video. Subbed to see your evolution!

[@hgd_hanylovely7544]

This is atleast one of the most simple and good way to explain evolution

[@AspireGMD]

iF wE evOLvEd FroM mOnkEYs whY aRe tHerE sTiLL mOnkEYs!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

[@holmesferonton7982]

Early humans branched off to other continents and ran away from their cousins to evolve into modern humans. Basically God watches the Earth as a Petri dish as man does his own free will, and God said to man "No matter how many times you pray, you are own your own and responsible for your own species."

[@mw3175]

​@@holmesferonton7982 nonsense!

[@ThighErda]

great explanation! 1 big issue though: the appendix (as of recent) has been found to help with maintaining the gut microbiota, which would make it quite a bad example of vestigial

[@IDontKnow34815]

Also the hip bones in whales can serve as help when giving birth but i want to explain that vestigial doent mean completely usless, but it means that it had a different purpose in the past. 👍

[@cftyler5041]

Awesome and very informative video! Keep up the good work!

[@NukeTheOG]

This needs more views, and likes, and subs, and everything in between

[@frumpkin9282]

Now I'd love to see a spec evo project following life on that island!

[@slevinchannel7589]

!!

[@How-So]

That's a fun idea :)

[@slevinchannel7589]

@@How-So ?

[@kade-qt1zu]

A minor correction: Birds are technically reptiles.

[@peterstoric6560]

Yesn’t, while they did descend from dinosaurs they are diverse enough to be considered they own class even though they still fall under the reptile umbrella, taxonomy is weird

[@kade-qt1zu]

@@peterstoric6560 Yeah. I guess that's what makes it fascinating though.

[@kevinjohnson3521]

@@kade-qt1zu you guess for your whole FAIRYTALE, I know

[@kade-qt1zu]

@@kevinjohnson3521 Why are you typing fairytale in caps lock?

[@kevinjohnson3521]

@@kade-qt1zu so you know that you believe in a FAIRYTALE idiotbot, use common sense stupida$$

[@happybuddhist]

Great video and cool animations. All the very best for this channel. 21st subscriber here.

[@tallondarkfeather9728]

Great way to explain the concept, Think this would be a good opening for teaching the subject.

[@Rum-Runner]

This video does a fine job in explaining how evolution works for sexually reproducing animals, but would anyone mind explaining to me how evolution works in asexually reproducing animals, particularly in single celled organisms that reproduce through binary fission? I know that evolution can occur in these organisms but I just find it confusing as to how they can do so if they are essentially creating genetically identical daughter cells to themselves. How do changes occur in genetically identical daughter cells? Would love to hear back from anyone on this, please.

[@kade-qt1zu]

Simply put, it still happens. Evolution happens due to various factors, including random genetic mutations. Even asexual creatures can have genetic mutations. But due to having a smaller genepool, these mutations are less likely to occur, and this asexual organisms don't rent to evolve as much.

[@punki2291]

​@@kade-qt1zu As a microbiology student, I will add more to your answer to James. Since the rate of mutation per generation is lower in bacteria (as an exemple) then in mammals like us, they got other tools to creating diversity faster. In a population of 1,000,000 bacteria (that's a low number), you can have 1 to 5 bacterias who are in a state where then can grab floating DNA in the environment. They can add this DNA into their one circular DNA or destroy it for building block after it enter the cell. We have detected some bacteria with genes from big animals so their genome can get pretty weird. Another process : some bacteria can also have a smaller auto-replicate DNA strand : a plasmid. It can get exchange between two bacteria and sometime it can get added to the bacteria DNA. Another process : You can also get gene transfer with some virus in bacteria. In some situation the virus doesn't have their original DNA but a part of their old DNA with some gene from another bacteria. The virus will inject it to a bacteria but it will never become a new virus and instead the DNA will be destroyed or added to the DNA. After these process occur the normal evolution process happen like we know with animal in the video.

[@kade-qt1zu]

@@punki2291 Thank you for this. I'm not the most familiar with the true science behind genetics, so it helps to have someone else explain things better then I ever could.

[@Rum-Runner]

Thanks so much for explaining things, you two! Much appreciated!

[@kade-qt1zu]

@@Rum-Runner I'm glad that you're asking questions and willing to learn more about evolution. Instead of simply rejecting it.

[@sebastiangallo8869]

I was a believer of the "intelligent designer" which is God. After years of just watch science videos I came to the conclusion that there is not something like that. We are just animals, animals that are conscious of themselves, and needed to find an answer to "what am I?" We didn't have the tools to find the answer until now.

[@spatrk6634]

there can still be some sort of god its just that intelligent design is total pseudoscience. if god is real, he is not deceitful as intelligent design implies.

[@banoip4839]

This is how you explain something. Incredibly done! Awesome work! Thanks for the Video

[@aviationkaan6292]

I’m your 18th subscriber keep this up you have potential

[@freddiesimmons1394]

Just here to revel in creationist tantrums

[@justsomerandombirdwithinte5896]

arent we all?

[@flimsyjimnz]

Except there aren't any

[@freddiesimmons1394]

@@flimsyjimnz sort comments by new. It's literally the newest comment

[@funlightfactory6031]

If anyone has a better solution / explanation based on empirical evidence, that doesn't rely on magic or an invisible, magical sky daddy blinking things into existence like I Dream of Jeannie, I am all ears.

[@keithinadhd6693]

You continue to produce such amazing content. I'll continue to show up. Excellent start to an interesting new channel.

[@alnahian1796]

I'm glad you're getting recommended subbed when i saw a new chennel making good content

[@Shifty_fl]

In my school they don't teach us evolution bc my school is religious that's shit

[@kade-qt1zu]

And they call us the ignorant.

[@palpatine6197]

My primary school that I went to 15 years ago was a bit religious as well, I asked about dinosaurs and was told they never existed and they didn't like it whenever I brought up evolution

[@gwit4051]

I didn't learn how evolution worked until a year or so before I started college, and it was on my own accord through science videos I watched for fun. 💀 My sister still doesn't buy it and she's midway through her bachelor's.

[@kevinjohnson3521]

@@gwit4051 you learned… or were taught someone else’s FAIRYTALE of how the world was created without evidence?!?! Magically, an ape became a man without any proof… tell me how that happens since you cannot prove anything over a couple thousand years ago?!?! Overactive imagination much? Show me tangible evidence without guessing.

[@kevinjohnson3521]

@@gwit4051 sounds like a FAIRYTALE to me!!

[@spectralspooky]

RIP christians

[@Life_Is_Science]

*Very Perfect Evolution Explanation*

[@ravioli8156]

Showed up on my for you page so you're doing something right 🤙Great video

[@herohamza1196]

Proud to be Antireligion

[@peterstoric6560]

Good for you?

[@Bahador.B]

But god and things and jesus and allah and muhammed and and and... 🤣

[@Woxygen]

the way you explain the theory by various examples that's all op...keep it up👍

[@69amogus420]

Amazing, simple and informative, that video should be played in schools!

[@juiceable1916]

Give us more, I like your style of explanation :D

[@The_Qu]

24th subscriber Please keep making videos like this :))

[@waseemmohmand9905]

More videos on science with its historical context. Keep it up

[@Cane4092]

Congrats to your first video i hope your channel grows How so

[@BurntWeeny435]

Great video. Please keep up the good work!

[@faizardianz]

underrated channel

[@KCAU]

Excellent educational video. I hope you make more explainers on regular basis. I have subscribed.

[@pyriglena]

Best video about evolution that I’ve ever seen

[@dranzhu931]

such an amazing video looking forward for more :D

[@jegr3398]

This video was surprisingly good. Subscribed

[@nesddyx7634]

how is this so underrated

[@ebonyblack4563]

Very nicely done, a fine piece of content.

[@sauraplay2095]

Great video! You explained it very well!👍

[@michaelhumphreys9671]

Where did this guy come from! Only 862 Subscribers! (Now 863)! Excellent and entertaining video about Evolution!

[@owohituciptaanmomoh4073]

great explanation, thank you

[@haze154]

Great first video, subscribed

[@Computment]

Damn amazing im your 7th subscriber

[@How-So]

Thanks!

[@MrGustavier]

Very nice, waiting for more !

[@RudyTokaai-ro7bn]

Dutch subtitles would help a lot, so i can use this video for my students.

[@DavidFMayerPhD]

Changes with each generation are NOT always minute. Sometimes macro-mutations may have huge effects on the plants/animals/whatever.

[@Altrdcarb1n]

Thanks for uploading this video, i learned something today

[@h.n.t.d7963]

The best evolutiin explanation ever noice got new sub here

[@hatimabbas7111]

extremely informative, keep it up.

[@nikkolaurenciana9901]

Great vid! Subscribed!