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Ewing's Sarcoma: Essential Insights for Medical Exams 🦴🔬
Ewing's Sarcoma is a highly malignant primary bone tumor that primarily affects children and young adults, typically between the ages of 10 and 20. This cancer arises from the primitive neuroectodermal cells and is most commonly found in the diaphysis of long bones, pelvis, ribs, and scapula. Patients often present with localized pain, swelling, and sometimes systemic symptoms such as fever and weight loss. Radiographic imaging shows a characteristic "onion skin" periosteal reaction and lytic lesions. Histologically, Ewing's Sarcoma is composed of small, round blue cells that express the CD99 antigen. Molecularly, it is often associated with a translocation between chromosomes 11 and 22 (t(11;22)(q24;q12)). Treatment involves a multimodal approach including neoadjuvant chemotherapy, surgical resection, and radiotherapy. Despite aggressive treatment, the prognosis can be variable, with a five-year survival rate of approximately 70% for localized disease and lower for metastatic cases. Early detection and comprehensive care are vital for improving survival rates and patient outcomes. 🩺💉
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