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The 1930s, the Soviet Union. After investigation reveals that some members of the former Bolshevik party question Stalin’s authority and that there is a network of party members supposedly working against him, Stalin believes anyone with ties to the Bolsheviks or Lenin’s government is a threat to his leadership and needs to go. He initiates the Great Purge which starts with the arrests of party members, Bolsheviks, and members of the Red Army and then grows to include Soviet peasants, members of the intelligentsia, and members of certain nationalities. Among the victims of Stalin's campaign to solidify his power is a man who in his position was responsible for the Great Ukrainian Famine during which millions of people died from starvation. His name is Stanisław Kosior.
Stanisław Vikentyevich Kosior, son of factory workers, was born on 18 November 1889 in Węgrów, today’s Poland, then part of the Russian Empire.
Young Kosior worked at a steel mill and in 1907 he joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party which was formed to unite the various revolutionary organizations of the Russian Empire into one party.
Kosior quickly became the head of the party's local branch. The party’s Bolshevik faction eventually become the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
Due to his political activity, in 1907 Kosior was arrested and sacked from his job and the following year felt obliged to leave the area due to police activity. He used connections to get re-appointed at the Sulin factory in 1909, but was soon arrested again and deported to the Pavlovsk mine. In 1913 he was transferred to Moscow and then to Kyiv and Kharkiv, where he organized local Communist cells. In 1915 he was arrested by the Okhrana, the secret police force of the Russian empire, and exiled to Siberia.
Since early 1917, Russia had been in a state of turmoil and in February 1917, the Tsarist government's poor management of World War I had helped to inspire a popular uprising which became known as the February Revolution. This first component of the Russian Revolution forced the abdication of Tsar Nicholas II and placed in power a Provisional Government of liberal and socialist factions, ultimately under the leadership of Socialist Revolutionary party member Alexander Kerensky. This brief experiment with pluralist democracy was a chaotic one, and in the summer months, the continual deterioration of the war effort and an increasingly dire economic situation caused the Russian workers, soldiers, and sailors to riot.
After the February Revolution Kosior moved to Petrograd, today’s Saint Petersburg, where he headed the local branch of the Bolsheviks
On October 24-25, 1917, Bolshevik left-wing socialist forces under Vladimir Lenin seized key government buildings and stormed the Winter Palace, then the seat of the new government in Russia's capital, Petrograd. The Bolshevik Revolution, also referred to as the "Great October Socialist Revolution," was the first successful Marxist coup in history. During this chapter of the Russian Revolution, the ineffectual Provisional Government was dislodged and ultimately replaced with a Soviet Socialist Republic under Lenin's leadership.
After the October Revolution Kosior moved to the German-controlled areas of the Eastern Front of World War I and Ukraine, where he worked for the Bolshevik cause. After the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, by which Russia withdrew from World War I, he moved back to Russia and from March 1922 to December 1925 he was head of the Siberian branch of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
After Lenin’s death in 1924, Joseph Stalin succeeded him as the leader of the Soviet Union. In January 1926, Kosior was appointed a Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, working alongside the General Secretary, Joseph Stalin.
The Secretariat of the Central Committee was responsible for managing and directing the day-to-day operations of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, while the Politburo was charged with the policy-making aspects of the party.
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