Exodus Rediscovered: Conquest

Is there archaeological evidence for the conquest of Joshua? Many have said it is a myth but recently new evidence has been revealing evidence the conquest is historical. A special thanks to Egyptologist David A. Falk for helping make the video, and the scholars Joshua Berman, Benjamin Noonan, and Mark Chavalas for reviewing the documentary.
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Exodus Rediscovered: • Exodus Rediscovered: D...
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[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Subscribe to Dr. David A. Falk's channel: kzbin.info

[@slamrn9689]

Who's channel? 🤣🤣🤣

[@grantgooch5834]

@@velkyn1 This is what comes from people who have advanced their thinking beyond Sunday School and have studied Ancient Near Eastern Numerology for years. Clearly you never made it that far.

[@toomanymarys7355]

@@velkyn1 Is the story of Marathon also incoherent and ridiculous? All the ancient Greek records lack accounting-type numbers in their histories and instead use evocative numbers. Does that mean that the Greco-Perians wars never took place????

[@nathanafoa6579]

Ew Dan

[@Stupidityindex]

Is there a greater arrogance than expressing you have some sort of relationship with a deity? Question: How can you possibly take faith seriously? How can anyone in their right mind ask others to believe in the existence of a Deity who makes Mormons so Christians will know how Jews feel, having had their literature hijacked. Nothing fails like prayers in a children's hospital & indoctrinating children is criminal. The faith vocabulary causes the user to be avoided like the old woman with too many cats. Faith "comes not with peace, but sword." Faith comes with wolves dressed as sheep & preaching to the choir. Faith trades the last cow for a pocketful of magic beans & then expects everyone's appreciation. Jesus said, it is a wicked generations which seeks signs such as resurrection. Faith is as worthless as fantasyland magic, since you can't tell mountains to move. The only sign in reality is Jonah: A believer murdered by other believers because he is outnumbered. The context is Jesus seeing a gathering crowd.

[@blusheep2]

I read one of the references you put into one of your videos: "Did I Not Bring Israel Out of Egypt" edited by James K. Hoffmeier, Alan R Millard and Gary A Rendsburg. What I really found interesting was not just that the books of Moses have many Egyptian loan words and no Babylonian ones putting Israel under the influence of Egypt but that these same loan words are not found in the Levant during the same period, meaning that Israel didn't pick them up through interactions in the Levant. That detail meant more to me than the loan words themselves.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Noonan’s works is under appreciated. He was also nice enough to review this series before it went Public.

[@samueljennings4809]

No one argues that Genesis was mostly written in Egypt, and most of the characters in question descended from Mesopotamia. The loan words in question are in Exodus which was set in Egypt. So i dont see how your point proves anything tbh.

[@blusheep2]

​@@fordprefect5304 I don't understand your reasoning. How does a single Akkadian loan word provide the strongest evidence for Mesopotamian origin of the "entire" biblical account. The context of this Akkadian word is the flood story. The biblical flood story has connections with other Mesopotamian creation stories. These flood stories all appear to arise from an earlier tradition that was either written down but lost or more likely, an oral story. The Hebrews found there way to Egypt from Mesopotamia and would have carried their stories with them. So, the way I see it, this only gives credence to the Biblical historical account. They start in Mesopotamia and their stories are connected to Mesopotamia, they find themselves in Egypt for quite some time and their stories are connected to Egypt. They escape Egypt and their stories and societal structure are mixed. In Exodus 26 of the 27 loan words are used 333 times. Outside of the Exodus/Numbers narrative the Bible contains 51 Egyptian loanwords 450 times. When compared with NW Semitic languages we find that the other Semitic languages use only 7 Egyptian loan words at the time of Exodus/Numbers. The words also date the book as well, for the Egyptian feminine nouns changed over time and at least 9 of the loan words in the Exodus account are feminine nouns. By 700 BC the ending to these words went from -t to -a to -i with times where it was dropped altogether. The Exodus account uses -t in over half of the words which puts it most likely between 1200-1000 BC. But not only that, none of the words end in -i which should be the case if borrowed from the 1st millennium BC. This contrasts against the loan words found in the later Imperial Aramaic which preserves the -i. There is also another way to date the borrowing and that is by a loan word that is borrowed from a culture(Egypt) and then borrowed back by that culture at a later date. So, Egypt to Hebrew back to Egypt. There is only 1 loanword that fits this in the Exodus/Numbers narrative. It has to do with stitching. The Hebrews borrowed the word for use with the priests garments from an Egyptian word meaning leather or hide. The Egyptians then borrowed this word back to describe leather paneling of a carriage. This demonstrates a date of the first borrowing no later than 1200 BC. There are other hints as well. Names. For instance, the name Merari is only attested in Israel in the Semitic world but this name was common in the Middle Kingdom. There is no personal name in the Exodus/Numbers narrative that only appears in the 1st millenium BC. A study of the names found in the account is significant because it confirms that the names in question fit the time of the Exodus event and out of 40 names, it would be quite surprising if a scribe writing centuries later didn't place among the 40 some that were unique to a later time period.

[@grantgooch5834]

@@fordprefect5304 This doesn't make any sense. The absolute number of loanwords is a complete red herring. What matters is the frequency of loan words in comparison to other texts written at the same time and after. Compared to the rest of the Torah, the Pentateuch uses Egyptian loan words at a much higher frequency. Your point about scribes is also complete nonsense. Maybe Canaanite scribes _in the 12th century_ used Egyptian loan words. The question is how do scribes 600 years later know the same loan words when the language has totally changed and those words haven't been used for centuries and they supposedly have no references since they're just making it up? //Simple Canaanite scribes that worked for the Egyptians used them.// This is a complete non-answer. Please post a coherent response next time. //The use of one unusual word even suggests that the biblical account is familiar with the Mesopotamian one: to caulk his ark, Noah is told to use pitch (Gen 6:14), Hebrew kofer, cognate to Akkadian kupru, which is what Utnapishtim uses. This the only time that the word kofer means “pitch” in the Bible; the native Hebrew word for “pitch” is zefet, which is what Moses’s mother uses to waterproof the vessel she builds for her son (Exod 2:3). The word kofer, then, is borrowed directly from Akkadian, and provides the strongest evidence for the Mesopotamian origin of the entire biblical account// This entire paragraph makes the complete opposite point that you think it does. Noah would have lived in Mesopotamia, you fucking idiot. The fact that the Noah story doesn't use the Hebrew word for pitch IS EVIDENCE THAT IT DIDN'T COME FROM THE 12TH OR 6TH CENTURY. If it came from then, how do the scribes know about an ancient Akkadian word no longer in use?

[@DarrenGedye]

@Graham White Benjamin J Noonan. Non-Semitic Loanwords in the Hebrew Bible: A Lexicon of Language Contact (Linguistic Studies in Ancient West Semitic) Part of: Linguistic Studies in Ancient West Semitic (3 books). It's outside of my price range, but after searching online I found he has written several articles summarising his research.

[@Ben-jq3ov]

As a religious jew, I thank you for this. G-d bless 🙌❤️👏

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Glad to help. God bless the Jewish people.

[@Ben-jq3ov]

@@InspiringPhilosophy God bless you to my brother ❤️❤️

[@duriuswulkins4324]

What is your view on Yeshua? Obviously there is a large historical record for His existence, and it can be said many of the prophecies in the Tanakh spoke of Him.

[@Ben-jq3ov]

@@duriuswulkins4324 there's not one prophecy of him any where. Not isaiah 7,9 or 53

[@duriuswulkins4324]

@@Ben-jq3ov Zechariah 12:10 “And I will pour out on the house of David and the inhabitants of Jerusalem a spirit of grace and pleas for mercy, so that, when they look on Me, on Him whom they have pierced, they shall mourn for Him, as one mourns for an only child, and weep bitterly over him, as one weeps over a firstborn.” וְשָׁפַכְתִּי עַל-בֵּית דָּוִיד וְעַל יוֹשֵׁב יְרוּשָׁלִַם, רוּחַ חֵן וְתַחֲנוּנִים, וְהִבִּיטוּ אֵלַי, אֵת אֲשֶׁר-דָּקָרוּ; וְסָפְדוּ עָלָיו, כְּמִסְפֵּד עַל-הַיָּחִיד, וְהָמֵר עָלָיו, כְּהָמֵר עַל-הַבְּכוֹר. Joshua 5:15 “And the commander of the LORD’s army said to Joshua, ‘Take off your sandals from your feet, for the place where you are standing is holy.’ And Joshua did so.” וַיֹּאמֶר֩ שַׂר־צְבָ֨א יְהוָ֜ה אֶל־יְהֹושֻׁ֗עַ שַׁל־נַֽעַלְךָ֙ מֵעַ֣ל רַגְלֶ֔ךָ כִּ֣י הַמָּקֹ֗ום אֲשֶׁ֥ר אַתָּ֛ה עֹמֵ֥ד עָלָ֖יו קֹ֣דֶשׁ ה֑וּא וַיַּ֥עַשׂ יְהֹושֻׁ֖עַ כֵּֽן׃ (With respect to Exodus 3 where YHWH tells Moses to do the same thing; a symbol of worship in their culture) Genesis 32:24 + 32:30 “And a man wrestled with him until the breaking of the day.” “So Jacob called the name of the place Peniel, saying, “For I have seen God face to face, and yet my life has been delivered.” וַיִּקָּחֵם--וַיַּעֲבִרֵם, אֶת-הַנָּחַל; וַיַּעֲבֵר, אֶת-אֲשֶׁר-לוֹ. וַיִּקְרָא יַעֲקֹב שֵׁם הַמָּקוֹם, פְּנִיאֵל: כִּי-רָאִיתִי אֱלֹהִים פָּנִים אֶל-פָּנִים, וַתִּנָּצֵל נַפְשִׁי.

[@spencergage95]

I'm loving this series, a little more and eventually you can prove that the entire story of the Bible is true/written not long after the events took place. I guess after that would be to prove the authorship of some of them.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

That is something I’m looking into.

[@Servant_of_Yeshua96]

Yes!!!! Happiness!!!!

[@toomanymarys7355]

@@InspiringPhilosophy Look into the DATE of separation of the people we now call Samaritans with the Israelites who recognized the tabernacle and the Temple as the only place for sacrifice. Those people already had the Torah in its modern form when they separated. They did not adopt sacred texts that were only existing as a portion of a larger body that made them bad guys!

[@FlyingSpaghettiJesus]

Adam and Eve never existed. Without the Adam and Eve story, there would be no “Original sin“. Without Original sin, there would be no need for Jesus and his Sacrifice. With out Jesus, the Christian religion falls apart completely. The whole religion is based on and relies on a story that could not be true and has been proven not to be true with Irrefutable DNA evidence.

[@MapleBoarder78]

These type of videos are great supplemental material for kids who homeschool and have Biblical Studies subjects. Great work. 👍🏼

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

that is what they are for.

[@BurnBird1]

@@InspiringPhilosophy Resorting to the creationist tactic of going straight for children when your ideas are rejected by academia, huh?

[@FlyingSpaghettiJesus]

@@BurnBird1 Because deceiver$$ need believer$$

[@adaneman6000]

@@BurnBird1 When you have such an amount of evidence, that this happened, then it should be teaches on schools, but they don't learn this on school, because the academia are to much indoctrinated with their own beliefs, and when you have evidence they keep rejecting it. that's why academia reject it, and the biggest problem is that teachers and the media indoctrinate kids that this is all a fairy tale, and when the kids are adult, and indoctrinated trough school, they will not anymore believe the truth and facts, so that's why you must learn facts to kids

[@cv4809]

@@BurnBird1 unlike creationism, this is backed by actual archeology and history

[@euanthompson]

Why is it some so called "Skeptics" really don't like the idea of a cumulative case? So many things outside of Biblical Historicity also rely on it.

[@dodleymortune4312]

40:28 Mesha: ``Israel has utterly persished forever...`` God : If only you knew...

[@ryankrakinski8926]

I like that you use BCE/CE as “Before Christ’s Era/Christ’s Era”

[@LeRoyBoxley434]

BCE = Before Common Era CE = Common Era

[@thepizzagod420]

i dont like it because it is wrong

[@enovos3138]

​@LeRoyBoxley434 Did you just make that up? It's a good attempt As the letters line up but it doesn't make sense.

[@LeRoyBoxley434]

@enovos3138 It took over or became more acceptably used than BC/AD on a large scale about 20 years ago here in the US. I don't understand why you're taken off guard by this?

[@LeRoyBoxley434]

@@enovos3138 en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_Era

[@kastus3768]

Absolutely amazing. Even though you are coming from a religious point of view you don't rely your video on faith alone, but support it with so much evidence! The same evidence that all those atheist historians INTENTIONALLY ignore because they can't explain god. Im Jewish btw and i was always looking for historical evidence to support the biblical account. Thank you for this!

[@Dee-nonamnamrson8718]

I LOVE learning about biblical archeology. It's so hard to find unbiased information about it, in either direction.

[@wannabe_scholar82]

@@11kravitzn why not

[@FlyingSpaghettiJesus]

Is it because real archeology debunks the stories from the bible?

[@wannabe_scholar82]

@@FlyingSpaghettiJesus how so?

[@Dee-nonamnamrson8718]

@@FlyingSpaghettiJesus Real archeology doesn't "debunk" anything. It discovers and presents evidence that supports or doesn't support a hypothesis/theory. Iron age archeological is rarely black and white and frequently requires subjective interpretation. I realize you are just a troll, but my comment isn't meant for you, it's meant for those who might take you seriously.

[@Dee-nonamnamrson8718]

@@11kravitzn I haven't finished the video, so you may or may not be right. From what I have watched, it is more unbiased than the majority of other videos. There are definitely some biases here, but a little bit is unavoidable.

[@richardpetervonrahden6393]

Thank you to you and Dr Falk for this very considered argument and presentation.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Glad to help

[@Silverheart1956]

Dear @richardpetervonrahden6393 I recall questioning Dr. Falk's contention that there was no evidence for a destruction of Hazor at the end of the late Bronze Age I (roughly 1400 BC). He told me that if I think that is true then you (I) need to present some evidence that Hazor encountered two destruction events. He said there is no evidence for two destruction events at Hazor, particularly one that corresponds to the Early conquest theory. I sent him a reference from the 2001 excavation report of the excavations at Hazor, where it describes a trench that was dug to get down to the Late Bronze Age I. It reported that there is evidence in area "M" of a destructive conflagration event at the end of the 15th century BC. This description is consistent with the Early Conquest Theory and provided archaeological evidence, as documented in the excavation report of Hazor, that there does seem to be two destruction events during the Late Bronze Age, contrary to what Dr. Falk claimed. Dr. Falk never responded to the documentation of the evidence I provided him concerning this issue. After having studied the issues presented in both theories, I have concluded the evidence for the Early Theory is stronger than for the Later Theory that Dr. Falk and Michael Jones holds. Be Well, DZ

[@ExploringReality]

Well done IP! For anyone interested it’s worth noting that IP covered the census counts in another video. I think that’s relevant here.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Covered here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/mnrGaJxsmruebdk

[@cmk5724]

Thank you for this video, brother. May God continue to use you for the edification of the church.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Glad to help

[@cmk5724]

@@InspiringPhilosophy I hope you know that your videos have been a direct cause of people converting to Christianity, and people staying in the faith. Your series on the reliability on the New Testament and on the resurrection remain the most important, in my opinion.

[@KTChamberlain]

When I hear you say Bronze Age Two-B and the fact that there is scholarly/archaeological debate around it, it's practically asking for a Shakespeare pun: "Two-B or not Two-B? That is the question."

[@blusheep2]

lol

[@Doubtyadoubts]

Lol

[@Sderror404]

LOOOOOLL

[@jimtom7313]

I am glad to see you have done a video essay, I love your channel because of these. Also, a bit of constructive criticism: While it is fun to watch you dunk on fools on the inter-webs it doesn't really add much to anyones faith. It is entertianing from time-to-time, but the real bread of butter of apologetics is stuff like this.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

I have already received testimonies from being on TikTok. The videos may not seem like a lot but they have been the first stepping stones for some to come to Christ.

[@jimtom7313]

@@InspiringPhilosophy Fair enough, just be careful not to let yourself get distracted with refuting poor arguments that you forget about the big ones.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

KZbin videos are always the priority

[@jimtom7313]

@@InspiringPhilosophy Glad to hear it!

[@davidjanbaz7728]

@@InspiringPhilosophy obviously tik tok is a sound bite to get people to look at your longer videos and expose new people to your channel. Keep doing tik tok responses as they are effective because many atheists refuse to watch longer Christian videos.

[@James-nr4sj]

Very good video AP. It still annoys me when atheist sprout the common point about there not being Hebrews in Egypt and denying the conquest

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

I’m not the apostate prophet!

[@ExNihiloNihilFit319]

@@InspiringPhilosophy lmao

[@jedphillips9362]

Great content and a top notch presentation!

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Thank you

[@Indorm]

Fix 'resdiscovered'. :)

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Thank you

[@diegopreciado9939]

Absolutely amazing. I have been watching your content for 8ish years now. This channel has done more to keep me away from atheism than any one else. Without your work, I do not know if I would be a christian at all right now.

[@kostadinovstefan6870]

I love your channel bro, very based. I'd love to see your take on the appearance of the devil throughout the Bible, especially the differences between him in Genesis, Job, and in the New Testament when he tempts Jesus. God bless.

[@ExplainingChristianity]

Agreed😊

[@christopherchang3429]

This video deserves more views! Haven't seen a theory with so much archeologic details to it. Keep up the good work!

[@Silverheart1956]

There are some interesting points Michael makes to support his Theory. However, the archaeological details and evidence does appear to me to clearly support the Earlier Theory better. Some of the claims Michael made in the video does not make very good sense and he brushed over many of the objections. I would love to hear a gentleman's debate between Dr. Scott Stripling and Dr. Falk concerning the Conquest. It may not every fair because Dr. Stripling is an expert on the Conquest Era involved in directing actual excavations on cities mentioned in the conquest and Dr. Falk is an Egyptologist. Be Well, DZ

[@hawaiiancc7994]

Been looking forward to this for a while. God bless you brother and keep putting out content!

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Thank you

[@doxholiday1372]

Speaking of Israelites leaving Egypt... "They say also that those who set forth with Danaus, likewise from Egypt, settled what is practically the oldest city of Greece, Argos, and that the nations of the Colchi in Pontus and that of the Judaeans, which lies between Arabia and Syria, were founded as colonies by certain emigrants from their country [i.e., Egypt]; and this is the reason why it is a long-established institution among these peoples to circumcise their male children . . . the custom having been brought over from Egypt. Even the Athenians, they say, are colonists from Sais in [the Nile Delta of] Egypt" (Diodorus Siculus, Book 1, sec. 28, 1-5) As usual what we're told in the bible is just the tip of the iceberg - due to the need for brevity. "Neither do I think that the eponymus [eponym or ancestral name] of the Argive Danai [i.e., Greeks of Argos] was other than that of the Israelite tribe of Dan; only we are so used to confining ourselves to the soil of Palestine in our consideration of the history of the Israelites that we . . . ignore the share they may have taken in the ordinary history of the world . . . Yet with the Danai and the tribe of Dan this is the case, and no one connects them." (Dr. Robert Latham, Ethnology of Europe, 1852, p. 137) "Hecataeus of Abdera, a Greek historian of the fourth century B.C., "tells us that the Egyptians, formerly being troubled by calamities [in context, assumedly the 10 plagues at the time of the Exodus] in order that the divine wrath might be averted, expelled all the aliens [i.e., Israelites] gathered together in Egypt. Of these, some under their leaders Danuss and Cadmus, migrated into Greece; others into other regions, the greater part into Syria [i.e., the whole eastern Mediterranean, including the land of Israel]. Their leader is said to have been Moses, a man renowned for wisdom and courage, founder and legislator of the state" (cited by C.W. Muller, Fragmenta Historicum Graecorum, 1883, Vol. 2, p. 385) "When they were driven out, the noblest and bravest part of them, as some say, under noble and renowned leaders, Danaus and Cadmus, came to Hellas [Greece]; but the great bulk of them migrated into the land, not far removed from Egypt, which is now called Judea. These emigrants were led by Moses, who was the most distinguished among them for wisdom and bravery.” (Max Duncker, The History Of Antiquity I:456-466) "Areus king of the Lacedemonians [Spartans] to Onias [the Judaean high priest], sendeth greeting; We have met with a certain writing, whereby we have discovered that both the Judaeans and the Lacedemonians are of one stock, and are derived from the kindred of Abraham. It is but just, therefore, that you, who are our brethren, should send to us about any of your concerns as you please. We will also do the same thing, and esteem your concerns as our own; and will look upon our concerns as in common with yours. Demoteles, who brings you this letter, will bring your answer back to us. This letter is foursquare: and the seal is an eagle, with a dragon [a serpent] in its claws." (Josephus, Antiquities, Book 12, chap. 4, sec. 10) "Even among the ancients some considered that the [Danaan] settlers who arrived [in Greece] from Egypt were at any rate not of Egyptian descent, but adventurers of Semitic race, who, having been expelled from Egypt, had some of them turned towards Greece.” (G.F Schomann, Antiquities Of Greece, p. 12) “...there is a close relationship between the tribe of Dan and the tribe of Danaoi whose members were clearly seafarers.” (The Encyclopedia Judaica, 5:1257) “A group of Sea People bore the name of ‘Dan.’ The Bible tells how a segment of the seafaring Danites [were part of] the tribal system of ancient Israel...The Danites were widespread. Cyprus was called Ia-Dnan ‘The Island of Dan(an).’ The same people were called Danuna, and under this name they appear as rulers of the Plain of Adana in Cilicia. Greek tradition has their eponymous ancestor, Danaos (Dan), migrating from the Nile delta to Greece...” (Dr Cyrus Gordon, Before Columbus, p. 108) "Gilead abode beyond Jordan: and why did Dan remain in ships? Asher continued on the sea shore, and abode in his breaches." (Judges 5:17)

[@psalm--fh8lg]

What biblical people do you descend from ?? (2nd Timothy 3:7) ever learning and never able to come to the knowledge of the truth

[@doxholiday1372]

@@psalm--fh8lg What does 2 Timothy 3 have to do with multiple historical references to Danites migrating to Greece from Egypt? Or a letter from a Spartan king to the Judaean high priest about their people's ancestral kinship? That was such a strange non sequitur.

[@FlyingSpaghettiJesus]

There’s no mention in Egyptian records of Jews being held captive in Egypt or any of the exodus myth happening. Facts like that easily debunk your fantasy.

[@talithakoum3922]

The ancient Irish also called their ancestors the Tuatha de Danaan. The Celts and Greeks, as well as the Etruscans, Vikings, Persians, and people of India, all originated from the Central Asian Steppes. Similarities in their rituals, mythology, and even language attest to their common origin. The Israelites were not among these peoples, but the idea that they may have been familiar with the Greeks long before Alexander's conquest is fascinating.

[@kaptaink1959]

OK the population increase makes me believe a late date for Exodus.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Wonderful

[@Silverheart1956]

I have been looking into the historicity of The Exodus and The Conquest, as a sequence (because as Hoffmeier says, the Exodus and the Conquest stand or fall together). My first understanding of these events, of course came from the movie the Ten Commandments (portraying Ramses II as the Pharaoh of the Exodus). I then read some of the works of Kenneth Kitchens who supports the late date of the Exodus. As I continued to study and explore The Exodus I discovered that some scholars advocated a early date fro The Exodus and it would follow that The Conquest was also earlier. This was a new idea to me But this perspective incorporates a more literal perspective of Biblical chronology. I began comparing theses two theories of The Exodus and Conquest and as one might expect, I acknowledge there are issues with both theories. However, I am aware that these events occurred over 3,000 yrs ago so some problems are expected. Based on my investigations and research I have change the perspective I once had and I have come to the current conclusion that the Early Exodus Theory is better supported by the evidence than the Late Exodus Theory. Of course I will continue to keep an open mind and consider new evidence, but for now, I see the Early Theory is stronger. Two Considerations 1. Dr. Bryant Wood is an expert in Late Bronze Age Ceramic Typology. He researched and reevaluated the pottery finds in Garstang's and Kenyon's excavation and conclusively determined the pottery they found in the City IV strata, was Late Bronze Age Pottery, confirming Garstang's date of the destruction of City IV. This date is also the conclusion of Nigro, a later excavator of Jericho City IV. This is quite an admission since Nigro is an advocate of the Late Exodus Theory, yet finds the evidence supporting the early Exodus/Conquest. When it comes to an evaluation of the ceramic typology to assign a date for Jericho's destruction, by those who have actually excamined and evaluated the pottery, I understand that Kenyon is in the minority. How do people respond to this evidence ? It is often said, "They have had little success in convincing most archaeologists (min. 5:28ff)" But WHY ? Perhaps because many archaeologists believe in no historical Exodus or Conquest. I have not heard anyone who disagrees with the early dating supported by the evaluation of the pottery found by Garstang, Kenyon and Nigro, explain just how pottery from the Late Bronze Age was found in an excavation of an event that occurred 150 years earlier (as Kenyon proposed). This is like finding an i phone in the pocket of one of the seamen aboard the Hunley Submarine of the civil War. It seems people are content to say they disagree, but cannot and have not offered any explanation why the pottery found there supports the late 15th century destruction. It appears to be a case of the "majority" verses "evidence". Be careful of the "argumentum ad populum". We should evaluate on the basis of the evidence, not how many people hold a theory. 2. The video didn't mention the evidence of the late 15th BC conflagration destruction at Hazor. I once mentioned this to Dr. Falk and he said there was no such destruction at that time and it sound's like some of the misinformation spread by the Early Exodus theory people. However, I told him that this information of a late 15th century conflagration in area "M", is recorded in the 2001 excavation reports of Hazor. This information is available to anyone online. Dr. Falk never responded to the documentation of that reference. Speaking of Area "M" "This earlier pavement predates the construction of the ‘citadel’, the western wall of which cuts through it. This earlier phase ended in a conflagration, similar to the one that brought an end to the later phase. The ceramic assemblage associated with this earlier phase, albeit meagre, seems to place the date of this earlier destruction somewhere in the Late Bronze Age I (fifteenth century B.C.E.). " (www.hazor-excavations.org/excavations-reports/tel-hazor-2001/) Essentially ........... Jericho ... There is evidence of the walls falling and conflagration at City IV in Jericho around 1400 BC according to the Ceramic Typology (and some other factors) as agreed by Garstang, Wood and Nigro (Kenyon disagrees, but the pottery she found there does not support her dating). Hazor ... There is evidence of conflagration at Hazor around 1400 BC according to the 2001 excavation report of Hazor Ai ... There is evidence of conflagration at Khirbet el-Maqatir around 1400 BC. This site has been proposed as the authentic site of Ai, the fortress that Joshua conquered after Jericho. The excavations there have fit the geographic criteria and the material culture criteria, to be identified as Ai of Joshua's Battle and also is consistent with the dating of the other two cities that were destroyed by conflagration. (note: this does not mean that Et Tell could not have been the location of Ai during Abraham's time.) At this point, it seems to me that the evidence clearly leans towards the Early Exodus/Conquest Theory. Of course I only mentioned a very small sample of the evidence (for both theories) and there is a whole lot more of work to be done with only a small percentage of excavation work completed. We don't know what may be found tomorrow that could strengthen of weaken each of these theories. However, at this point, I would assert the evidence supports the Early Exodus/Conquest theory as the more likely theory. Be Well, DZ

[@jessknauftofsantaynezvalle4111]

I would add the size of the exodus was likely smaller than what has traditionally been claimed. James Snapp Jr. has a couple of excellent online articles on the subject. One is, “Defending a Case for the Reduction of Large Numbers.”

[@alexandermendez3783]

Why do many people reject the Bible I myself am a Christian but really literally scholars deny this

[@Linkintime1]

Yes! Thank you. Okay, that was a little more excited than I needed to be. But, thanks.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

You’re welcome

[@lukewilliams448]

Any chance you could do a video on the shroud of turin + sudarium of oviedo? Its a fascinating subject and would, I think, be a great addition to the inspiring philosophy library of great content.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

After I research it more

[@jeffpaetkau6622]

Are you going to continue and cover the time of the Judges and then the united kingdom? Please do.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Yes

[@devinmceneany4285]

After watching the first videos I’ve become really interested in this topic as a Christian obviously I have bias on wanting everything being said to be true and the arguments that you have made are amazing I’ve never seen or expected anyone to go a far as you have done in these videos

[@ThatGenericDude]

Could you make a vid on your opinion on the chronology with the correlation of Kings 1 dating of the first temple(the 480 years)? I might be over thinking it lol

[@acs1602]

Do you have a plan for a complete judges timeline?, also just another random but important question, do you Pray when researching this information? All this documentary seems anointed so thats why the question hehe, great job!

[@kightsun]

Remember. The Palestinians recently destroyed part of the wall at ebal for use in paving a nearby road. 😢

[@gnb_2476]

Very well put together video. Thank you. Will you eventually cover Saul, David, and the United Monarchy? It is interesting the varying takes on the extent of David's realm.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Thank you. Yes the monarchy is on my list

[@INFINITUMSPIRIT]

​@@InspiringPhilosophy when?

[@ramadadiver59]

Brilliant video and series . Keep up this standard of work . Your video library is a great resource for generations to come !

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Thank you

[@ramadadiver59]

@@InspiringPhilosophy I have a thought to share with you about the problem of evil . I haven't seen you or other Christians bring this up when the problem of evil is brought up against God . The usual way this goes is " why didn't God creat a universe without evil or why doesn't he stop all evil now " Why don't Christians respond by saying . " I doubt you would want that because he wouldn't be stopping what atheists consider immoral but what God himself considers immoral " I bet you can come up with a few things that atheists think are perfectly Okey that God absolutely doesn't " Be careful what you wish for "

[@501Mobius]

The number of Israelites would of been 150,000 to 200,000. You would not get that population increase with only 30,000 - 40,000 people. Joshua would of had 40,000 fighting men at Jericho. Very good video!

[@rodrigorafael.9645]

how many millions of goats whoud be needed to keep these people alive? how many tons of Bronze whoud have been needed for them to be able to fight someone? where did they get this bronze, AKA bronze age enriched uranium, from the wasteland? Is it so hard to accept that this is a legend?

[@501Mobius]

@@rodrigorafael.9645 They looted the Egyptians of 5,310 lbs. of bronze. Various armies all crossed the Sinai. How did they feed themselves? Did they all perish? The Israelites could of also broke up into several bands. Remember, some places it tells of the whole "congregation". Other times they might not have been whole. It took all day of fighting to defeat the Amalekites. These were probably just caravan robbers. But the Israelites struggled to beat them.

[@DarrenGedye]

Outstanding work! I already have some of the sources you used, but there were others that were new to me. Do you have a bibliography that you could add to the description page?

[@INFINITUMSPIRIT]

You could just take it while watching it

[@DarrenGedye]

@INFINITUMSPIRIT I could indeed rewatch and freeze it when the references appear on the screen, and then flip back and forth on my phone between the KZbin app and a Web browser so I can gradually type it in on my phone's painfully small keyboard. I do exactly that quite often. However, many of the channels I subscribe to provide a clickable reference list in their description, and I greatly appreciate their thoughtfulness, not to mention applauding their encouraging people to actually dive deeper and check references. So, my comment was intended as a helpful suggestion and not as a criticism. Shalom.

[@geraldgruffalo3522]

Man I’m waiting for my kids to go to sleep so I can watch!

[@TheNinjaInConverse]

I enjoy listening to these while baking. If I ever have kids, they're going to grow up listening to Inspiring Philosophy videosXD

[@TheBibleExegete]

There's a typo when you talk about Jericho. Instead of Joshua 3, it should have been Judges 3.

[@TrueShepardN7]

This video is so amazing

[@MultiMobCast]

The visuals in these videos are incredibly well done.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Thank you

[@animalcart4128]

By the way what is the name of the background song at timestamp 23:00? I've been looking all over for it.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

I got it from envato. I think it is ‘lost world’

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

“Ancient world”

[@marietaylor9748]

Wow that's awesome 😊

[@qcbtbx]

Man, these are rich!

[@veezienhamoruhwande99]

Thanx IP ,..You are the best🙏

[@johnhammonds5143]

Excellent video, as always. I am still a proponent of the early date of the Exodus (so far). Your outlay of the evidence and arguments for the Joshua invasion is very good. I enjoyed this video very much. More in line with your earlier works (of the comparative scholarship flavor) than more recent works (of the arguments to demonstrate why so-and-so is wrong flavor). Keep up the good work! Your channel makes me think, and that can never be a bad thing!

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Thank you. Why still hold to the early date though?

[@johnhammonds5143]

@@InspiringPhilosophy I still want to give credence to the 480 years of I Kings 6:1 and Jephthah's 300 years of Judges 11:26 as accurate, or at least good estimates. I'm also dissatisfied with Kitchen's roughly 125 year window for all the activities of the many judges. Yes, there's probably some overlap between them, but I still feel the window is too narrow. Admittedly, my main reason is pretty poor: the Early Date makes for a better story! The early date puts Moses in place to be Hatshepsut's adopted son, triggering the political events in that Egypt resulting in her mysterious demise. It also roughly places the conquest nearly in the same place as the Amarna letters' complaints of invasion by the Habiru. It gives a lot more time for the conquest and occupation of the land, and the various oppressions by different nations, capped by bigger military incursions by Ramses II on his way to Kadesh, and the invasion of the Sea Peoples. Which results in Israel telling Samuel, "We've had enough of this. We want a king too. And a standing army. And the ability to stop all of this." By the way, another argument for your Late Date is the appearance of the Philistines as an already established nation in Joshua 13:2, which, if taking place in 1360 or so would predate the arrival of the Sea Peoples by 100 years or more! Of course, Genesis talks about Isaac dealing with the "king of the Philistines" too. And it may be that whoever was writing and translating in 1000 BC simply called whoever was lord over that area as "king of the Philistines", referencing an entity known to their audience at that time. At any rate, I am still open to better scholarship and better evidence, and can have my opinion changed. Thanks for the excellent content!

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

If you’re interested, Dr Falk and I did a video addressing some of this objections: kzbin.info/www/bejne/eYGqlJSIebqfZpI

[@Silverheart1956]

​@@johnhammonds5143 , Hello ! I agree with some to the points Michael made in the video, but I was a little troubled about several things that Michael said that I thought were wrong or misleading. Here is a few. The excavation of the strata of City IV, at Tell, es-Sultan is the strata of Jericho that exhibits strong correlations with the description of the destruction of Jericho, as described in the Joshua Documents. The correlations are so remarkable that it is difficult to over look them, once you have become aware of them. 1. Who says the walls of Jericho City IV were taken down by battering rams ? Kenyon made it clear that the mud brick walls of City IV fell outward (as depicted in her drawings), not inwards as would result from battering rams. Where did the idea of battering rams come from ??? Most archaeologists that I have heard comment on this issue have held that they believe the walls fell as a result of an earth quake. I have never heard any claim there was evidence of a battering ram involved until I hear Dr. Falk make this claim. Then I heard it from Michael Jones make this claim (with no documentation). Are there any archaeologists, who have worked at Tell es-Sultan, who have made this claim ??? 2. Casemate walls are a typical feature of Iron Age cities, as evidenced by examples like Khirbet Qeiyafa, suspected to be constructed during the Monarchy. Dr. Yosef Garfinkel describes these points in his defense of the cities built in the Monarchal period. Most of the walls of City IV of Jericho were, typically Bronze Age. It had a stone revetment wall, with a mud brick wall built on top of that. Excavations revealed that the mudbrick wall fell outward, creating sort of a ramp of debris, up and over the stone reverent wall. However, on the north side of City IV, there were casemate walls that fits the description of Rahab's story. Pictures of these casemate walls are documented in the early 1900's excavation of City IV by Ernst Sellin and Carl Watzinger. The existence of casemate walls is pretty clear in the photos and this is the same strata and a continuance of the City IV walls, just a different construction technique on the north side of City IV. Note: the destruction of the Casemate walls on the northern side of City IV did not suffer as extensive destruction, as the other walls of City IV did. 3. It was Dr. Bryant Wood, an expert in Late Bronze Age ceramics that took on the task of reevaluating the ceramics found in the excavations of Garstang and Kenyon. His conclusion was that the majority of ceramics found in the destruction strata of City IV, by both Garstang and Kenyon, is definitely Late Bronze Age I pottery. He submitted a detained report documenting this conclusion. So how could Late Bronze Age I pottery, get into a strata that was destroyed 150 years earlier (according to Kenyon dating) ??? The typical response by most people is; "that idea is not accepted by most scholars". That is NOT a reasonable answer. It does not even attempt to explain the anachronistic problem, but instead runs a "Red Herring" over it to avoid addressing the factual evidence from the research. Michael did the same thing - It has not been well accepted. So What ! Well, the Late Conquest Theory (proposed in the video) is not well accepted by scholars either, so by the same criteria should we just jump/skip over, it also assuming it has no validity, just because most scholars don't accept it ? What about the factual data ? At this time the evidence exhibits that the ceramics found in the destruction strata of City IV (which corresponds to Biblical Jericho that Joshua attacked and destroyed) clearly exhibits a date of around the Late Bronze Age I, and people are ignoring the data of the research, preferring to avoid trying to answer how LBA I pottery got into the strata of a city was destroyed 150 years earlier (if we accept Kenyon's Hypothesis). Apparently the idea is that if we ignore the data that does not fit our theory, people will be unaware of the evidence and it will "go away". Michael Jones (and Dr. Falk & others) need to address this issue in a rational, scholarly manner, which would include a detailed analysis of the actual ceramics by a qualified ceramic typologist, because this is a major obstacle to the Late Conquest Theory (and by implication, the Late Exodus Theory). Prudent scholarship demands this !! Side Note: Yes Dr. Falk, I provided the evidence you challenged me to provide, that exhibits that Hazor apparently did suffer a Late Bronze Age I destructive event by conflagration, exhibited in Area "M", as described in the 2001 Excavation report of Hazor. That means the archaeological excavations at Hazor, exhibits two conflagration events during the Late Bronze Age, not just one as you told me. We both agreed there was a later destruction event, but you denied there was any evidence for an earlier one during the LBA I. You did not respond to the documentation of this evidence. These are just some of the issues I became aware of as I watched the video. Be Well, DZ

[@chendreyz7677]

Please also do a vid of the evidence of king David's vast kingdom, as the Scripture says

[@Silverheart1956]

Dear @chendreyz7677, Hello ! Have you watched some of the videos in which archaeologist Dr. Yosef Garfinkel (Professor at the Institute of Archaeology at Hebrew University in Jerusalem) is speaking about this issue ?

[@theandrewdelgado]

Can you create the exodus rediscovered playlist so I make sure to watch them all?

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Yes

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Done

[@theandrewdelgado]

That transpired quickly 😇 thank you so much!

[@nickick8498]

Brother, why would you entertain the idea reading out "BCE" over BC?

[@AitorAxat]

Before Christ Era.

[@strongbelieveroftheholybible]

Revelation 20:15 And whosever was not found written in the book of life was cast into the lake of fire 🔥 Lord Jesus Christ is coming soon 🙏🏼❤️🕊Repent, believe in the Gospel, Be Born Again

[@tafazzi-on-discord]

>be born again I think most people reading your post have been baptized

[@tafazzi-on-discord]

@@LM-jz9vh Your claims are easily debunked. Half of those verses foresee the TRANSFIGURATION, the other half to the destruction of the Temple. Sadly no Scripture records this (because most of the NT was written before AD 70), but Josephus says that during the destructiom of the Temple, in the skies of Jerusalem people saw strange chariots racing in the sky. No good account of that event survived, but we have no reason to doubt God gave signs to the jews during the destruction of the Temple, so that they wouldn't turn to paganism but would look and find the Messiah, Jesus. Please name one messianic prophecy Jesus didn't fulfill. The israelites were waiting for the promised "new Exodus", and they thought it'd play out like the first one, but the actual new Exodus is actually the bodily resurrection.

[@strongbelieveroftheholybible]

@@tafazzi-on-discord catholic is satan religion. No idolaters can enter the kingdom of God🙏🏼 Repent or PERISH

[@strongbelieveroftheholybible]

@@LM-jz9vh the devil is a liar

[@PA-1000]

@@LM-jz9vh If U think a critical approach is a literal approach to the bible then that is where u already make a error, for actually thinking that jesus ever spoke literally, this way of thinking is literally proven wrong when jesus was crucified along with some thieves and he told the thief who was looking for mercy that he will come into heaven along with jesus.

[@RicardoHernandez-zp5re]

Great video IP! You should do series like this on the other parts of the bible in order like judges, the dividic kingdom, book of Daniel, Macabees etc...

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

I am planning to.

[@x-popone6817]

@@InspiringPhilosophy when?

[@JohnnyHofmann]

Awesome video!

[@tylerx099]

Hey IP, what about Douglas petrovich’s old 2008 paper arguing that the original excavators found 15th B.C. Destruction layers? I don’t agree with him, but I was just curious if you read it or not and if anything has debunked that theory that there was an early date conquest destruction at Hazor?

[@philipps6032]

There is no 15th century destruction at Hazor, this is a made up lie.

[@Silverheart1956]

Dear @tylerx099 Saw your post and thought I would add my 2 cents worth in a response I wrote questioning some of the things Michael presents in the video. For what It is worth, Here it is: I agree with some to the points Michael made in the video, but I was a little troubled about several things that Michael said that I thought were wrong or misleading. Here is a few. The excavation of the strata of City IV, at Tell, es-Sultan is the strata of Jericho that exhibits strong correlations with the description of the destruction of Jericho, as described in the Joshua Documents. The correlations are so remarkable that it is difficult to over look them, once you have become aware of them. 1. Who says the walls of Jericho City IV were taken down by battering rams ? Kenyon made it clear that the mud brick walls of City IV fell outward (as depicted in her drawings), not inwards as would result from battering rams. Where did the idea of battering rams come from ??? Most archaeologists that I have heard comment on this issue have held that they believe the walls fell as a result of an earth quake. I have never heard any claim there was evidence of a battering ram involved until I hear Dr. Falk make this claim. Then I heard it from Michael Jones make this claim (with no documentation). Are there any archaeologists, who have worked at Tell es-Sultan, who have made this claim ??? 2. Casemate walls are a typical feature of Iron Age cities, as evidenced by examples like Khirbet Qeiyafa, suspected to be constructed during the Monarchy. Dr. Yosef Garfinkel describes these points in his defense of the cities built in the Monarchal period. Most of the walls of City IV of Jericho were, typically Bronze Age. It had a stone revetment wall, with a mud brick wall built on top of that. Excavations revealed that the mudbrick wall fell outward, creating sort of a ramp of debris, up and over the stone reverent wall. However, on the north side of City IV, there were casemate walls that fits the description of Rahab's story. Pictures of these casemate walls are documented in the early 1900's excavation of City IV by Ernst Sellin and Carl Watzinger. The existence of casemate walls is pretty clear in the photos and this is the same strata and a continuance of the City IV walls, just a different construction technique on the north side of City IV. Note: the destruction of the Casemate walls on the northern side of City IV did not suffer as extensive destruction, as the other walls of City IV did. 3. It was Dr. Bryant Wood, an expert in Late Bronze Age ceramics that took on the task of reevaluating the ceramics found in the excavations of Garstang and Kenyon. His conclusion was that the majority of ceramics found in the destruction strata of City IV, by both Garstang and Kenyon, is definitely Late Bronze Age I pottery. He submitted a detained report documenting this conclusion. So how could Late Bronze Age I pottery, get into a strata that was destroyed 150 years earlier (according to Kenyon dating) ??? The typical response by most people is; "that idea is not accepted by most scholars". That is NOT a reasonable answer. It does not even attempt to explain the anachronistic problem, but instead runs a "Red Herring" over it to avoid addressing the factual evidence from the research. Michael did the same thing - It has not been well accepted. So What ! Well, the Late Conquest Theory (proposed in the video) is not well accepted by scholars either, so by the same criteria should we just jump/skip over, it also assuming it has no validity, just because most scholars don't accept it ? What about the factual data ? At this time the evidence exhibits that the ceramics found in the destruction strata of City IV (which corresponds to Biblical Jericho that Joshua attacked and destroyed) clearly exhibits a date of around the Late Bronze Age I, and people are ignoring the data of the research, preferring to avoid trying to answer how LBA I pottery got into the strata of a city was destroyed 150 years earlier (if we accept Kenyon's Hypothesis). Apparently the idea is that if we ignore the data that does not fit our theory, people will be unaware of the evidence and it will "go away". Michael Jones (and Dr. Falk & others) need to address this issue in a rational, scholarly manner, which would include a detailed analysis of the actual ceramics by a qualified ceramic typologist, because this is a major obstacle to the Late Conquest Theory (and by implication, the Late Exodus Theory). Prudent scholarship demands this !! Side Note: Yes Dr. Falk, I provided the evidence you challenged me to provide, that exhibits that Hazor apparently did suffer a Late Bronze Age I destructive event by conflagration, exhibited in Area "M", as described in the 2001 Excavation report of Hazor. That means the archaeological excavations at Hazor, exhibits two conflagration events during the Late Bronze Age, not just one as you told me. We both agreed there was a later destruction event, but you denied there was any evidence for an earlier one during the LBA I. You did not respond to the documentation of this evidence. These are just some of the issues I became aware of as I watched the video. Be Well, DZ

[@aaroncrawford494]

Your passion for God and, scholar work shows!!! Love your channel man God bless!!!!!

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Thank you

[@ADE-of-LAGOS]

Building lies upon lies. Eventually you will all see the mightiness of the Almighty and if His words are true or not.. 2 Thessalonians 2:11 KJV: And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie:" 2 Esdras 7:26 GNB 26“The time is coming when these signs will take place. The invisible city will appear, and the land that is now hidden will be seen. 2 Esdras 7:26 KJV “Behold, the time shall come, that these tokens which I have told thee shall come to pass, and the bride shall appear, and she coming forth shall be seen, that now is withdrawn from the earth.”

[@troybyrne2916]

If they wanted to live there makes sense you wouldn't destroy already built cities

[@Silverheart1956]

@troybyrne2916 There was probably not much of a population increase when they first came into Canaan because the Hebrews were taking existing cities and replacing the population with their own. The population explosion seems to have occurred are the beginnings of the monarchial period, which makes good sense. This population increase does not mean that the Hebrews can into Canaan at that time.

[@lalasimcha]

I really, really appreciate these analyses, using archeology, linguistics, and history. Super interesting and thorough.

[@geogarces]

Excellent

[@geogarces]

i enjoyed the comparison of the data

[@BigYehudah]

Thank you for your work. I disagree with any conclusiveness to the late date and I have problems with Dr. Falk's behavior and some of things he says might be wrong. For example, some of his claims about the shasu are almost certainly wrong. early evidence is regularly and wrongly dismissed by secular/liberal scholars, and Dr. Falk, from my outside observation, seems concerned about his (secular) academic credibility which may to some extent influence his interpretation of evidence. I suspect many Christian academics, not just Dr. Falk, are willing to throw out evidence on the basis of secular pressure. We have to keep in mind a biblical anthropology. Unbelievers filter everything thru their worldview, and man's heart is depraved absent of intervention by the Holy Spirit. It's fully and easily possible that the industry itself truly is that corrupt. Biblical studies is dominated by liberals and secularists, sometimes both. Semi-redundant. That being said, this documentary resolves the Jericho problem for the late date. I believe both dates are plausible. The date of the exodus is irrelevant to me. I do not understand the passions behind the debate. with all said and done, thank you as this documentary resolves a major apprehension I had about the late date. God Bless @InspiringPhilosophy Addendum: Also, I don't really think its really a substantial problem if there are Israelites and related groups worshipping Yahweh who meet up together over time, short or longer. The Torah and historical books necessarily present a terse and oversimplified picture of Israelite history by necessity. The text has to be transmittable and thus must be short. There's no substantiative reason barring human curiosity, that either date can be correct. There's likewise no problem with an early conquest which was limited in the very end of the 15th century, or in the 14th. It's perfectly possible that later evidence is representative of conflicts during the Judges period. I really don't know. I do wish people would not smear other people as stupid, dishonest, 'fundamentalist', liberal, or anything else, on the basis of disagreements about the date of the exodus. (I have criticism for Dr. Falk but I am not trying to be mean. I don't really know how to express it because Dr. Falk seems, unless i am drastically misinformed, very combative.) I also have much criticism for ABR, but for different reasons, and I have called them and left messages expressing it. I spoke one time with Scott Lansing on the phone to express my criticism about some of what ABR does. I am aware there is no shortage of mutual mud flinging between early daters and late daters. I wish it would stop. I am not saying Christians should never call other Christians to task. I am just saying we should be diplomatic and kind to each other and not assume suspicion towards each other automatically. Addendum 2: Okay, I have to say, the circumstantial evidence you've presented is extremely compelling. Just finished the documentary after getting some stuff done.

[@Unknown-yp3jh]

Thanks IP

[@Jan_-_]

Thank you so much brother.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

You are welcome

[@tazvsthewrld]

Amazing video IP. You should do a breakdown like this for other biblical/historical stories. Top notch content brother!

[@DarkBladeShdw]

“Following a real pattern of evidence” shots fired

[@Apollo1989V]

I have read the whole 1550 bc dating of the destruction is due to the absence of expensive imported pottery from Cyprus.

[@adamstewart9052]

You and Dr. David A. Falk make a great team!

[@Josephs_Bible_Study]

Your videos have inspired me to start a channel where I dive into parts of the bible like this. My first series will be over Messianic Prophecy and how they were fulfilled. Thank you for the insperation

[@wichitahomeoffice8514]

Jericho was destroyed in the 16th century BCE, and was not rebuilt until the 10th or 9th century BCE, and it was not an established town until around the 7th century BCE. There is no archaeological evidence to suggest there was even a city to conquer in 1225 BCE, nor any evidence of it having walls as described in the Bible. Radiocarbon tests support these findings as well. As usual, your "research" is half-assed, and your representation of the scholarship is less than honest. I'll give you a point for consistency, though.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

You obviously didn’t watch the documentary since I addressed this using the latest reports on Jericho…

[@wichitahomeoffice8514]

@@InspiringPhilosophy The "latest reports" you reference don't support the claims made in the Bible.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Cope harder

[@perverse_ince]

​@@InspiringPhilosophy lmao

[@grantgooch5834]

@@wichitahomeoffice8514 There's early Iron Age site leveling at Jericho, idiot. Meaning the city was destroyed, the foundations filled in, and then it was rebuilt. That's exactly during the time of the conquest.

[@KevinChantal]

Good video but I think the atheists won't be convinced.Sometimes I ask me 'why are they so angry with god?' When I was an atheist I knew deep down that god existed but I was angry at that time.

[@KevinChantal]

@@fordprefect5304 IP proved god. Look up his first 2 videos. I promise you that you will believe in god if look those 2 videos

[@Tzimiskes3506]

@@fordprefect5304 and there is evidence in the video. How about some evidence for atheism? Atheism =/= science.

[@INFINITUMSPIRIT]

​@@fordprefect5304 crying kid atheism is not believing in God or gods not anything about science

[@johnlandau7111]

Other evidence that an earlier exodus of Hebrews may have occurred around B.C.E 1450 may be found in the tomb of Thutmose III, who is believed to have reigned at this time. This consists of a name for one of the gods in the Egyptian pantheon that appears to have been pronounced almost identically to the divine name of the Israelite god. The phrase “I will be what I will be,” which also figures in the description in Exodus of the appearance of God to Moses in the burning bush. Additional evidence that an exodus of Hebrews (whether or not they were called Israelites at this time) may be found in inscriptions documenting a great victory won by Thutmose III over a coalition of Canaanite kingdoms that had revolted against Egyptian, and had formed some sort of alliance with the Hittite empire. This victory of Thutmose the first was won only nine years before the first exodus, according to the dating of the Eyptian kingoms, as well as the Israelite exodus, by some scholars. Such a military triumph by an Egyptian Pharaoh, who boasted to 33 victorious battles duging his long and prosperous reign, would have led to a substantial reduction in the population of Canaan, and would have created an opportunity for a mass “escape” of non-Egyptian peoples who had been resident in Egypt for many centuries, but retained memories that htey had originated in the land of Canaan. Especially if the Pharaoh was preoccupied with his wars of conquest, and paid little attention to internal Egyptian developments. These Northwest Semitic inhabitants of Egypt could then have occupied much of Canaan and even lived there for more than two centuries before “reinforcements” of similar ethinic backround migrated to Canaan from Egypt two centuies later. If they had lived exclusively in simple,unpretentious dwellings, or perhaps even in tents, as the Biblical narrative say the Israelite ancestors did , and paid tribute to nearby Canaanite city-states, their presence may have escaped the notice of present -day archeologists. With the arrival of a much larger number of Northwest Semites from Egypt two centuries later, the previous settlers may been absorbed, and the new wave of settlers may have brought a more advanced culture.

[@pablomarques3684]

When will come a doc about Israel's United monarchy? 😏😏😏

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

In God’s timing

[@pablomarques3684]

😇

[@elijahsanders3547]

I remember hearing LA Marzuli talk about a Stele someone found way back that said something like: we are they that fled from Joshua the robber. I may have gone missing though.

[@joelsandoval2352]

I wish this your content was in Spotify as a podcast.

[@sarahrose9779]

I'm not going to watch this video, from the beginning, he I was saying might have occurred. God has told me that it did, so it did.

[@KevinGDrendel]

Do you now support the earlier conquest of Jericho?

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

No, I explain why in the video.

[@tomkunnel411]

Hey Michael. Awesome video. I just had a topic that I thought you would be interested in making a video about. It's about the Babylonian exile and the potential connection between Judaism and Zoroastrian a lot of scholars talk about, especially with regards to similarities in Satan, devil, and messianic prophecies? Thanks.

[@INFINITUMSPIRIT]

I agree with you IP but I find it hard to believe K.A Kitchen's argument that Israelites were not of Pastoral/herding populations but with all this evidence, I believe that the Exodus is historical.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Kitchen doesn’t say the Israelite we’re not herders. He says they were not undetected herders living in Canaan prior to the conquest. He argues they were herders that came from Egypt

[@INFINITUMSPIRIT]

​@@InspiringPhilosophyWell this isn't what I was trying to say but I have learned more by reading scholars like Kitchen

[@BRYKS22]

Just curious, why use B.C.E. and not BC?

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

What’s wrong with “before Christ’s era”?

[@BRYKS22]

@@InspiringPhilosophy because it stands for before common era, its what atheist use to undermine the life of Christ.

[@FlyingSpaghettiJesus]

@@BRYKS22 As an Atheist, I’ve never done what you are accusing Atheist of doing. C.E stand for common era, regardless of your Pathetic straw man. Waving your hands at that fact doesn’t reflect well on your abilities to use logic, reason and to think critically.

[@FlyingSpaghettiJesus]

@@InspiringPhilosophy *Common Era* Common Era (CE) and Before the Common Era (BCE) are year notations for the Gregorian calendar (and its predecessor, the Julian calendar), the world's most widely used calendar era. Common Era and Before the Common Era are alternatives to the Anno Domini (AD and BC) notations used by Dionysius Exiguus. A quick Wikipedia search exposes your mistake and confirmation bias.

[@BRYKS22]

@@FlyingSpaghettiJesus your doing it right now, also try googling it!

[@MrSmithOriginal]

One small correction to this video I would like to make is where Judges 8:12 and Judges 8:17 are visually referenced @ 13:00 as it should be ( as is spoken ) Joshua 8:12 and Joshua 8:17 respectively. Thanks for the video!

[@scholarwithasword591]

What about the curse that Joshua gives on Jericho. Where he says that the person who tries to rebuild Jericho will lose 2 sons? Is there any scholar research on this?

[@RealCaptainAwesome]

I know it is a nit pick, but I don't like when people use the modern BCE/CE it has been BC/AD for hundreds of years.

[@wannabe_scholar82]

he switches between the two in the video I think

[@lexcelius6921]

if this is true then the Sea Peoples that caused the fall of mycenaean Greece and Egypt may have been the Canaanites

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Philistines actually

[@lexcelius6921]

​@@InspiringPhilosophy ah, thanks

[@prime_time_youtube]

Thank you, IP.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

You're welcome!

[@carnivores_dh2008]

At 10:37 it’s actually Judges 3:13 (the verse) not Joshua.

[@Qohelethful]

Isn’t Joshua written in a manner very similar to Egyptian conquest literature?

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Yes, that was covered in the video,

[@Qohelethful]

@@InspiringPhilosophy it was a great video. It’s amazing how certain parts of the OT story have gone from blind acceptance to skepticism and then moved onto informed belief over time.

[@RealUvane]

Very good content!

[@Johnnybling]

So unbiased and informative.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Thanks 😁

[@SuperMeatBoa]

Among the people of Makkah (it was narrated by) Sufyan ibn ‘Uyaynah. (It was also narrated by) Jarir ibn ‘Abd al-Hamid ad-Dubbi among the people of ar-Rayy. Among the people of Basra (it was narrated by): Hammad ibn Salamah, Hammad ibn Zayd, Wuhayb ibn Khalid, and others. All of these lists are mentioned in order to ward off the specious argument of some ignorant people who say that Hisham ibn ‘Urwah was the only one who narrated it.

[@zumagallerte4669]

lol.. "Perizzites"..

[@petepeet5174]

Good work!

[@khalidgagnon8753]

So here's a question: with the timing, what impact did the Israelites conquest have as an impact on the bronze age collapse? 1250-1200 roughly... conquest 1200-1150 bronze age collapse

[@martinportelance138]

Setting the establishment of Israel after the Bronze Age Collapse (BAC, around 1180 bc) makes it plausible. Before that, the region is too firmly in Egyptian hands, althought it may have been concentrated on the coast, permitting the establishment of petty Canaanite tribes of herders ("habiru") in the hills, including, of course, Hebrews. And then the BAC happened over a period like 50 years: Afterwards there were like 200 years of a little-documented dark period born out of catastrophic iliteracy, as coast people were fleeing for the safety of the hills, an 'exodus' that would elevate Hebrews to the rank of a small nation, maybe effectively forming a smallish United Kingdom core. The trick here is remember that events in the Conquest might have been conflated to legendary proportions when written down in the 6th century BC.

[@callmepsycho]

I thin you'll find Joshua was likely early to mid 13th Century (Armarna letters / Habiru). This was recently proven with the discovery of Hebrew Dixo (Yaweh curse tablets) at Mt Ebal / Schechem where the Habiru resided according to Canaanite / Egyptian records

[@cacophonousantiquarian8803]

Hebron was explicitly destroyed, though. (Joshua 10:37) Possibly others mentioned in that section were as well, though the text is ambiguous.

[@ajgibson1307]

God bless

[@Bright_Sol]

This is also consistent with cities all over the region collapsing at the end of the Bronze Age. A bunch of new regions established in the beginning of Iron Age replaced these. Do we really know what brought about the collapse and/ or decline of civilization in the region? Environmental changes effecting agriculture, trade collapse, unrest and invasion and slow intro of iron weapons are theorized as contributing reasons among others. Thanks for the video.

[@dan_gocavs4110]

Off topic, there's some great studies examining prices recorded in scripture (slaves, food items, and such) and comparing them with other regions of the ANE. It demonstrates that even then...and throughout history - inflation was a part of economic life. When scripture of various time periods is compared with inscriptions in other ancient cultures, the inflationary price increases match nearly identically. Thanks for putting this series together, Michael!

[@thejourney4999]

Thank you

[@Rocksite1]

What you've cited so far supports a bunch of Asiatics leaving Egypt, as a single event or as a process of ongoing immigration, which resulted in a text with many Egyptian names and loanwords, that can be roughly synchronized with the arrival of many "Proto-Israelites". You haven't dealt with how greatly the Judges Era is compressed with a late 1200s Exodus.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

Read Kenneth Kitchen’s book “on the reliability of the Old Testament”

[@Rocksite1]

@@InspiringPhilosophy Even if I do or have, you still haven't dealt with how greatly the Judges Era is compressed with a late 1200s Exodus.

[@xplicitgoofy1015]

@@Rocksite1that’s easy to fix though, they did the conquest 1225 BCE, judges was after Joshua’s death, so the judges period starts 1205 BCE essentially, judges lasted for 184 years until the anointing of King Saul in 1021 BCE

[@Rocksite1]

@@xplicitgoofy1015 In unpublished work, I have it beginning in 1150, which would coincide with Rendsberg and Malamat's work. Also, it coincides with one of the two dates supported by Bietak for the Exodus. There are a lot of transitions from Canaanite to (Proto-) Israelite culture at 1150; and for some which were dated to 1250, such as Hazor, there are sound reasons to lower them to about 1150.

[@xplicitgoofy1015]

@@Rocksite1 1150 BCE for judges? Wouldn’t that compress it even more?

[@ianrmacdougall3875]

Inspired and why not it's divine. Exodus was never question God's judgement you maybe a chosen people but do not take it for granted you will spend a long time in the desert doing so, forty years and to this day we are still a stiff knecked arrogant people.

[@aaroncrawford494]

Just remember yall. Everyday you wake up you gotta open your mouth cause they can't hear it In hell.

[@InspiringPhilosophy]

?

[@aaroncrawford494]

My bad I corrected my comment now

[@jjjsalang]

@@InspiringPhilosophy maybe he means we need to speak God's message whenever we can while the people around us are still alive?