Expanding Past Our Cosmic Horizon with Neil deGrasse Tyson - Cosmic Queries

[@StarTalk]

What answer to the Fermi paradox do you think is correct? Is there extraterrestrial life out there, and if so, why haven't we detected it yet?

[@trdsf]

I am not convinced the Fermi Paradox even applies in a universe that has at least one boundary in time. In a steady state universe, which was still a going theory when Fermi asked "Where are they?", then yes, you have an infinite amount of time for any species that might arise to spread to the entire universe. In a time-limited universe, it may well take a certain amount of time for enough metals (in the astrophysical sense) to accumulate to make life, and then intelligent life, a reasonable proposition. And assuming there's no shortcut around the speed limit imposed by light, there's only so far that even the oldest civilization could have reached by now. If we take Earth as average (applying the principle of mediocrity, that we're much more likely to be typical than special), abiogenesis needed somewhere in the vicinity of nine to ten billion years to happen, to form worlds with a generation or two of supernovae ash embedded in them that provides the necessary carbon and oxygen and phosphorus and iron and other 'metals' upon which to develop life, and again assuming Earth is average, it takes 2.5 to 3 billion years to progress from microbes to multicellular life, then another .5 to 1 billion years to evolve intelligence. No paradox remains, we're among several sentient races that have arisen in the last 13.8 billion years. And no one outside of about 200 light years can know we're here anyway, since that's around the earliest date at which pollutants (becoming important about 200 years ago at the start of the Industrial Revolution) could be detected in our atmosphere by a sufficiently powerful spectroscope. And again, assuming Einstein's speed limit is a hard fact, then no one outside of about a 100ly radius can have conceivably both a) detected we exist by atmospheric pollutants and b) immediately mounted a mission to check us out. Compare that 100ly radius, to the actual size of the universe. No, it seems unspeakably unlikely that anyone has noticed us, even if as a matter of statistics, it's unspeakably likely that there are other intelligences in the universe. Thus, I assert the Fermi Paradox isn't a paradox, because the failure to see other intelligences is due to the fact that the universe had a beginning, and that the speed of light is a limit.

[@sausland]

The universe is billions of years old and ever expanding. I firmly believe that when the universe was younger, and stars and galaxies closer, their were many species of aliens traversing the universe. Like an intergalactic highway. But as everyone drifted further and further apart the distance became to far and everyone is now isolated by light years and forgotten.

[@cadenholke2758]

I’m positive there is life and intelligent life out there in the Universe, but what if life only ever evolves to be as intelligent as it needs to be based on its environment? If they faced the same general pressures that early humans faced (predators, climate, etc) it could be argued another species would evolve only to a threshold of intelligence, at which point they are able to adequately survive within their environments. Therefor, it may be possible most intelligent life is as intelligent as we are, not much more or not much less. The only difference would be the amount of history an extraterrestrial species would have compared to us, if it’s significantly more than ours then extraterrestrial life would be that much more advanced.

[@nycbearff]

I remember reading a newspaper article a few decades ago that quoted an eminent astronomer's estimate of the frequency of planets orbiting other stars. I've forgotten who it was - but he said that, so far as astronomers could tell, our solar system was the only solar system with planets, and that planets were probably extremely rare in the rest of the galaxy. He was pretty certain that the formation of the solar system was an anomaly. He said we had to face the fact that planets outside the solar system would probably turn out to be science fiction. And we all know how well his educated guesses have aged. The galaxy is pretty big. Our radio signals have penetrated less than 200 light years of it so far. We know of just one sample of what kinds of life are possible. And our understanding of physics is (sorry Professor Tyson) still primitive, no matter how solid and certain big parts of it seem to be to us. There may be a constant chatter of interstellar communication passing through our solar system, and if so, it's using as-yet-undiscovered (and currently considered to be impossible) physics, since electromagnetic radiation is so slow. If it's there (pure speculation) it is between kinds of life and types of intelligences that will eventually astonish us. I'm comfortable with not knowing if there's intelligent life out there, and comfortable with failing to detect intelligent life if it is out there. My guess is that yes, there's complex life, including intelligent life, all over the galaxy - but all of our guesses about extra-solar-system intelligences and interstellar communication will probably be wrong, and if we survive to continue our explorations, I think life in the galaxy will turn out to be far more complex and interesting than anything we can imagine.

[@doordashpro9110]

If there is , it's not existing in the present, it's either coming from a far past , as if there checking in on their work , or not so likely future , and they got the coordinates wrong and , and are left wondering where that all started from

[@nas9971]

Chuck has quite literally made me a massive fan of science. Sure i might have liked it a little before, but without chuck i wouldnt be watching every single video for the past three years ❤ keep up the great work boys!

[@frankwestphal8532]

The duo IS good... hahaha.

[@manojlds]

Yeah I get sad if Chuck is not on. And I am supposed to be a science nerd 😅

[@heinousanus9352]

Your whole existence is science, you like science whether you realize it or not.

[@timjagoe9378]

Me too 11:20

[@jimcanterak7349]

I don't get that. I find him pure cringe.

[@anthonyshiels9273]

Due to his contribution to popularizing science and astrophysics Mr. Nice should be awarded an Honorary Degree in Science Communication.

[@anwaypradhan6591]

Promote this show through every possible platforms.

[@kroon275]

Even after his Covid vaccine zealousness?

[@aurilightsong6330]

Absolutely!!!! 🔥🔥

[@kroon275]

@@aurilightsong6330 so science has now become religion. Galileo wept 😞

[@johntumpkin3924]

Perhaps it would be called an honorary doctorate in Niscience? Or in Chucklescience?

[@williamlundbergh]

I totally love the way Neil will elaborate on answers and not just give a scholastic answer. Find myself learning things beyond what the original question concerned... Wonderful!

[@themiddleman781]

Kind of his thing

[@martymart42]

So that's what it is I feel the same way. I can only learn things from someone who explains the clear. Because if it doesn't make sense to me I won't exorb it.

[@miloren8547]

That’s because he’s more than a teacher, he’s an educator

[@Brandon-kx6oq]

@@martymart42 absorb

[@frankwestphal8532]

So true. He's a great teacher becasue of this. I had an IT instructor at San Diego Community College named Robert Martin that would go deep into the mechanics of various IT subjects, even though they sometimes weren't directly related to that specific class. When I took my first networking class, I already knew it all (and then some) just from the deep dives Robert did. I learned like 3 different classes worth of knowledge in that single class because of this. Neil does the same thing.

[@landonjohnson1782]

I've been teaching almost 40 years and strive daily to explain things like Neil does.

[@adamstevens5518]

By the looks of it, involving a little cannabis at times seems part of the routine 😊 For thoughtful adults only.

[@ronaldbailey438]

Not a man is chuck. But a black man so he suppose. Poor thing has been conditioned . obviously his neurons are black. Poor thing

[@HRTharboy]

If Chuck had pursued Astrophysics, he would unravel the mysteries of the Universe, every episode. Remarkably intelligent man.

[@kimjohnson4278]

Enough with the Chuck worship.

[@SCOOBYGD]

No. ​@@kimjohnson4278

[@ThorPalsson]

Feels like StarTalk is getting back to their roots lately with regards to quality content loving' it

[@vansdan.]

its all the gumbo! my favorite 😋

[@oldcowbb]

when was it not

[@StraightBleach]

@@technocracy500k Remote Just works better for setting up things, especially with guests. But they still have live shows.

[@RichardDosSantosDrones]

This show is so underrated. Neil is so captivating with his knowledge a out the universe and Chuck keeps the belly laughs coming. This is my favorite show to listen to on my 2 hour long drive into work.

[@thisismyusername6717]

As somebody who has only ever drove a top of 5 minutes to work my whole life and with good jobs…hats off to you.

[@MagicToenail]

2 hours is madness.

[@Joncoxjohnxdxnl]

Thanks for making knowledge so much fun Neil deGrasse Tyson and Chuck Nice are the best❤

[@amolouis3506]

I love the chemistry between them there's a level of understanding and respect I wish I had with my friends

[@svt9480]

I've been the #1 fan of Dr Carl Sagan since my version of first contact via the television with him, albeit one-way-contact. Moreover, he still lives in my heart even after his passing. Then you came along, Dr Tyson. You are carrying-on his legacy and this video just exemplifies or shows me that you are the one who carries the torch of science, knowledge and curiosity. You make science of learning fun. So, thank-you to the both of you for this video. It is appreciated, infinitly.

[@nikonissinen6772]

Lord Nice needs a diploma of some kind. I absolutely love his every reaction when he figures out stuff from the things Dr. Tyson has previously taught to him. Lord Nice is a really smart person imho.

[@solartyrant9049]

Also I do envy Chuck on his gig, exactly as he said, as a space nerd I'd love to learn things the way he gets to and get paid for it. Hopefully one day I'll get to pursue my passion for astronomy further with college

[@DSentomXHunta]

These two works really well together. I hope there will be an episode about AM,PM, BC, BCE, AD and others as well.

[@macawm]

Did you know JPEG is an acronym as well?

[@jeinnerabdel]

Chuck's colonization monolog just summarized most of the space drama movies. I'm up for a sequel!

[@Ryomen117]

Thank you for consistently uploading videos and sharing these incredible conversations with us! We love you both Dr.Tyson and Chuck!

[@floatingshoppinglist5193]

When I first started watching StarTalk I'll be honest... Chuck got on my nerves a bit. But I've sincerely noticed how much he cares about knowledge and science, and he also has so many HILARIOUS jokes. You can tell he has the same stoner curiosities as many of us here on planet 🌏 😂

[@Solenya1111]

I love Chuck! He is a great listener, a smart guy, AND hilarious. His role on the podcast, as I see it, is to represent us (the audience). He asks questions that we might ask, whereas a podcast comprised solely of PhD's dryly chatting probably would not.

[@lyn2569akaLynette]

Honestly, I watch to see Neil laugh! Lol Thanks for being our favorite Astrophysicist! 🥰🐿

[@josefontana4780]

I love this show Chuck and Neil are just awesome ❤❤❤

[@softerliving]

Voting for Chuck to get a diploma.

[@LamarDandre]

I think you mean an honorary degree? If so, I agree!

[@softerliving]

@@LamarDandresure, though I’m sure I was mirroring the language from the show. Keep listening and you’ll observe how much Chuck’s knowledge and ability to converse with science’s foremost experts grows.

[@LamarDandre]

@@softerliving agreed. I have been a fan for a while. I see what you mean now.

[@RobKandell]

Chuck is the class clown for AP classes, and does so as well as the UK’s Alan Davies. Give the man his cert!

[@laurenpatten6627]

Love Neil, Chuck Sucks

[@matthewa441]

Thanks guys. You made me interested in science again. I used to watch comic book movies all the time. Lately, all I watch anymore are space documentaries

[@jamiebrock7157]

chuck definitely deserves an honorary doctorate!!! love what you guys do!!!!

[@TheGiggleMasterP]

Love how many videos have been coming out lately!!! Can't wait to learn with you all.

[@quasar4601]

I cant wait for the new Michio one on Quantum Comp

[@davew5383]

Laughing + Learning= The best way to learn👍😂 I always enjoy you two and the things that I learn, while laughing as I am watching your hilarious and very interesting videos👍🙂

[@kendrick_ukc]

Fr fr😂

[@davidtarvin8858]

Dr. Tyson and Chuck, you guys need to write a fictional sci-fi comedy movie/novel/comicbook ... something. You have years of podcast content to work with. It would be epic!

[@dianacanales2526]

Chuck really does have The Best job on the entire planet!! Love these Grab Bag editions of StarTalk! Thank-you Dr. Tyson & Lord Nice!❤

[@sunsetislandusa]

Chuck has quite literally made me a massive fan of science. Sure i might have liked it a little before, but without chuck i wouldnt be watching every single video for the past three years keep up the great work boys!

[@joeleon5786]

I swear Neil has so much access to his brain than a normal individual does. Just the way he thinks and explains… a beautiful mind ! love it

[@jayvincent1865]

Chuck is always lit. Can't talk science without the "burner" in the room.

@StarTalk guys, I love this show. I've been an astrophysics fan forever and it doesn't matter how much I read, I always find new stuff in this channel, and in a fun and relaxed way. You are both great. But, if I might, I'd like to suggest something: sometimes you get too much into the laughter and it reminds me a bit of Beavis and Butthead. I'd recommend controlling that a bit. Nothing too important. Love you guys.

[@Miko80]

OMG, two Q's from Polish viewers made to the show. Thx Mr. Nice. Greetings from Poland.

[@Mr.Bradev]

I hope those never stop coming. Keep it up Boyz! I've learned more here than at school ❤

[@mavfan1]

I’d hate to break it to you so maybe they’ll have an episode about death that’ll explain that “never” is too much to wish for.

[@michaelflanagan8881]

Chuck's answer 2 the 2nd 1/2 of that question " my job is taking a Masters course"...was 1 of the coolest things i ever heard on ST..

[@user-tc1fw5ms5s]

Grab bag cosmic queries and Chuck as the co-host? Its another banger of an episode!!!!

[@geraldstahlman7036]

Before I pass on? I want to hear every word you have to say. Every last thought, every last blink. EVERYTHING!!! I LOVE YOU MR. TYSON!

[@RevusX]

Ah, fresh video, right off the press. This is what I needed.

[@ZxZNebula]

16:16 that kids question is honestly so impressive, the deep thinking at that age, and the fact he put the pieces together on such a complex possibility, is really awesome to see.

[@waynegosson1793]

I love this show. Full of laughs and crazy info

[@RoryJamesFord-rn9yu]

Definitely an honorary degree for Chuck. Tyson, maybe you can reach out and arrange for that. It would be an amazing thankyou gift for someone who certainly knows a lot after such a long time learning these things.

[@michaelccopelandsr7120]

Neil and Chuck for 2024

[@quasar4601]

NO way but I like this show

[@victors16811]

This is the best Chanel ever!!! This combination of those two is just unbelievable!

[@PoisonOkie911]

I think the solution to the Fermi paradox is just that we're first, at least in our corner of the galaxy.

[@HUSTLE_MONEY]

1st 😂

[@TheBiggbaws]

Lord Nice is hilarious, and so is Neil but so informatively awesome.

[@kenhorn7088]

Bro chuck is brilliant. Not only can he keep up with Neil and all these concepts… but he’s able to translate it into simple terms and maintain the entertainment value of the show consistently! I think he could be another Joe Rogan if he went for it

[@TheOnlyMalissa]

I absolutely love Neil’s laugh! ❤

[@darrellhendrix5502]

How great is it that we have the opportunity to watch two guys riff on each other while laughing and actually learn things. To me it is like auditing a really fun college class while the professor and teaching assistant make jokes.

[@נועהיחזקאל-ל6צ]

you two are the best!!! i love you guys so much❤

[@HisameArtwork]

love your show, thanks for sharing it for free!

[@timthomson5674]

Astronomically astonishing. Infinite thanks to you both!

[@KristianMangieri]

Wow! This series has been incredible! Excellent job everyone! Thank you so much. This clears up some rather uncomfortable mystery in my head. Very excited to see more of your thorough investigations. Much love 🧐🤠

[@bryanhikes7248]

Hey Neil, hey Chuck

[@michaellefrapper5863]

Dude, I totally agree with everything you said. Some lack the humility necessary for science. I really appreciate your shows. Can't afford Patreon but thanks for your free content that I never miss, hopefully.💙

[@fraliexb]

3:30 surprised Neil didn't mention that larger planets than Earth could have too strong of gravity, and they might not even be able to reach escape velocity.

[@SoulSolace12]

The question about being Hawking-radiated while inside a black hole was brilliant. Sure, relativity tells us that an observer "inside" a black hole would see the future universe play out before their eyes, but I never thought about the black hole itself aging (and shrinking) while this is happening.

[@juliam7056]

LOVE you guys ! Thank you for the constant amazing content !!!

[@MrKanibaal]

This is by far the best Star talk episode....😅have to drink some tea after some of those questions... definitely a thew ones I was wondering about.

[@esmailalkassir1565]

First comment 🇸🇾 from Syria

[@geremnzy144]

Dude chuck comments and everything makes the talk so lively

[@tonniestarkstv4758]

First to comment, God bless everyone who'll watch this. ❤

[@CyberSnake100]

Ahhh but you aren't. As I was . I said to another good soul . You and he , were both 12 mins ago mine was 13 mins ago ergo I'm first ;)

[@Valet2]

There is no god to bless

[@accesswireless189]

Dear Dr. Tyson, your sign-off "your personal astrophysicist" is endearing. I was wondering what would be the 180 degree opposite phrase to "your personal astrophysicist" that would pinpoint the exact meaning of "your personal astrophysicist"? Would the opposite phrase be "your impersonal astrophysicist"? "your public astrophysicist"? "your generic astrophysicist"? "your government astrophysicist"? We appreciate your wholesome laughter and your deep thoughts that leaves us think of things that we would not normally think about.

[@ra2186]

Yes! A galactic gumbo episode!!!

[@lefthanded0440]

QUESTION From Eric: To Dr Tyson and Chuck, If all of our atomic structures spin in the same direction, is it possible we live simultaneously among another universe where their electrons spin in the opposite direction and pass straight through us?? This is an old theory my dad had and want to debunk him. Thank you and love the show!!!

[@jasonarnold4072]

I also have a theory about dark matter/energy. What if it's particles or something larger, let's just say matter, moving faster than light? That's why we can't see it but some of its energy is still remaining. So Dark Matter is what's moving and Dark Energy is the remaining energy. It could be faster than light and time.....

[@trentthomas8605]

I'd think that the space which dark matter occupies would change at random. Much the same way the two-slit experiment proves that molecules function as a wave.

[@StephanieNirenberg]

I Love Star Talk with passion. Could not thank these men enough ❤

[@nikhil777x]

Hey Tyson Sir, How about your opinion on DARK web series???

[@petersage5157]

Chuck lays the butter on pretty thick in this one, and Neil just takes it in like warm toast.

[@rachelb4398]

"Nobody likes rats."--Neil deGrasse Tyson Love it!!!

[@GungaLaGunga]

10:48 I was really stressed out with terrible anxiety today, until I heard this. Aaaaah. Thanks. I needed that.

[@wBlaze-no3vp]

Need more laughter and education, keep up the good work guys ❤

[@michaelccopelandsr7120]

Bringing smiles to people is truly noble work. These guys do it while educating us. As it should be. ;-P

[@anwaypradhan6591]

"Laughing is good for your heart, Laughing is good for your health, Laughing is good for releasing excess blood pressure, Laughing is good for your lungs. Breathe in and breathe out for increasing the capacity of your lungs."----this is science.

[@JohnSmith-bb2uo]

I love listening to you guys. However, I have a different hypothesis about the mirrors facing each other. Ambient light bounces off of anything visible from your location in every direction and at all angles. Any light hitting either mirror at a sufficiently sharp angle (depending on the size of mirrors being used) will be reflected to the other mirror. Assuming you're invisible, your distance from the mirror you're observing would also make a difference. The closer you are, the more of the other mirrors' background would be visible around the edges. The further away you get the smaller it gets. As far as what you would see in the reflection of the reflection, at first I was thinking it would basically just be a glow that was a mixture of all of the ambient light. The more I think about it though, I'm pretty sure you'd just see whatever borders are visible in either mirror alternating and shrinking into infinity at the center due to the parallax of vision. Anyway... how many licks does it take to get to the center of a Tootsie Roll Tootsie Pop? The world may never know.

[@kanishkaveediyabandara3028]

Yet another episode of awesome fun-filled sharing of science knowledge and witty jokes. Please guys, never stop this!

[@junaidsajid8867]

27:57 you said 92 billion miles. or is it 92 billion light years across? thanks!

[@nikhil777x]

It's 11:45 pm ❤❤in INDIA

[@n3vvToo]

26:00 I think with a dialectic mirror room with one room observer on other side you actually can see in direct line, but it will be better with high quality camera to see how far you can get. I think it's nearly to infinity depending on how further away observer can proceed..

[@donaldsmith8648]

If you're not first 🥇 your last lol.. another great video my brother's

[@GustavoSilva-kc2hf]

Hola... Gustavo Silva from Mexico.... Question, did we have locate the center from the big bang should start? If so the universe is expanding from it, like any explosion, is it expanding in different velocities according to the matter in between the expansion?

[@terryhancock]

I like you

[@Metaplayer]

Collin Brum's question had more to it than what the answer gave credit for. The question regarding the nature of falling into a black hole was suggesting, and I've been thinking along the same tracks, that there is no "inside" or reaching the singularity of a black hole. All matter that falls towards it will (1) from our point of will grind to what appears as a halt and (2) from the object's point of view it will witness time rushing by around them as they slowly evaporates through Hawking Radiation. If we assume this, we can simply say that there is nothing inside a black hole because nothing can ever reach it.

[@UCjNrKLyRJI-abFA8qiNo92Q]

Here's a solution to the paradox: there's already a type 4 civilization that conquered most of galaxies but to prevent hegemony self destruction they created dark energy halos around every galaxy in a way there's only 1 civilization per galaxy so no one can see each other

[@JD987abc]

Excellent explanation of the assumptions in the Fermi Paradox. It’s more than the question, “ where is everybody”.

[@guyhilldon]

Why is this pile of living stardust so smart

[@danielvermeer3363]

Must be all the water in is😂😂

[@MistaTurdburgerz]

What a bundle of joy he is That laugh is contagious

[@janwoodward7360]

Comic Cosmic Queries. Science with a side of the giggles. Every school kids science should be such fun! And a little philosophy chaser. A+

[@sammyhill93]

First!

[@RTD1947]

Neil is the 21 century “ Mr. Wizard “ … thank you so much Dr. Neil!

[@biggsmpbiggs4045]

First

[@skeller61]

I’m really not trying to recreate the scene in Animal House, I swear, but….. 32:48 I understand your description about a giant scratching his head taking a long time because the speed of light,but doesn’t that explanation suffer from the bias of time at our scale? If, for instance we look at the orbitals of atoms, from our perspective, the electrons are moving so fast that they form a shell and we can’t even know where the electron is, isn’t that correct? If the solar system was like that to a supermassive giant, wouldn’t millions of our years go by in an instant for that giant? Because of our scale, we can’t speed up the revolutions to such a degree that we could see what that looks like to a creature of that enormous scale and time understanding. In other words, at our scale we say the speed of light is too slow to do that giant any good, but at its scale, we might look like an electron shell, with the sun as our atom’s nucleus. If that’s the case, to the giant, they would just be scratching their head, while to us who are only around for 80 or so spins on our orbital, the giant would look like it’s not even moving at all.

[@Casualgamer766]

Calling all patron members let’s get chuck a certificate please it’ll be glorious and funny plus he’s a comedian

[@Liveeruptsuj]

Great questions, lots of laughs, and interesting answers, including some intriguing potential with the exact mirrors. A top episode of this fantastic StarTalk show.

[@stoneysdead689]

37:02- You misunderstood the question Niel. He wasn't asking did things scale up- he was asking since we have 3 different kinds of physics for 3 different scales- quantum physics for the very small, Newtonian physics for the average size stuff, and relativity for the really big stuff like planets and galaxies- if we went up another level on the scale and were dealing with say whole universes- or even larger, multiverses- would a new type of physics once again be required? Or- if we could get even smaller than quantum mechanics- would we find something even more mysterious lurking beneath it all? Or do we think this is it- these 3 types of physics should explain it all with no need for anything new?

[@JD987abc]

Hysterical. Chuck rocks stand up. I forgot about the word hegemony. A dangerous characteristic.

[@fsteineris1]

Chuck. I now promote you to “Star Lord Nice”. You have learned a lot and ranked up. 👍🏽

[@Dja_Assarra]

More talk on the multiverse please. I love your show.

[@Donbass02]

One concept I am attempting to understand (2-parter) is: 1) if our universe is infinitely expanding, what is it expanding into? This question extends to (2): if we calculated by looking back into time at the early universe to understand that the universe is expanding because of cosmic radiation, can we look "forward" past the oldest part of the universe to see what the universe is expanding into? My question is derived from the illustration that was created to show what science believes our universe looks like. So, what is the oldest part of the illustration expanding into?

[@pdxmusl1510]

I want a chuck answers astrophysics questions episode. 😂

[@Bangin0utWest]

35:57 "all the gravity points towards jupiter" What does this mean??

[@BruzWeaver]

We love Science and we love OG Chuck and Dr Tyson

[@mut8inG]

Thanks to both of you🎶💥🌸

[@jfreshh330]

Neil finally got AirPods!! I was tired of seeing him always fumbling with his wired headphones and trying to untangle them all the time and I told him to just get some AirPods a while ago glad he finally listened!

[@oberlinhighschoolpta3140]

Ruel from Jamaica, My question is. Is it possible to tell what lies under a visuable Black hole? Emagin it's design, looking like a wormhole, from end to end?

[@darkerknight7010]

13:55 This is why Neil is happy to have Chuck Nice 😂

[@zacharynorton9796]

Oh wow someone from my podunk town in the middle of Wisconsin got their question answered on here that’s awesome!!!!!!!