Extreme Materials

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[Bony Right] The Impact Of Cell Towers - • The Impact of Cell Towers
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- Superalloys -
They also possess excellent mechanical strength and resistance to thermal creep or a permanent deformation under constant load at high temperatures. Additionally, they offer good surface stability and excellent resistance to oxidation. Superalloys achieve their high-temperature strength through an alloying process known as solid solution strengthening where the solute atom is large enough that it can replace solvent atoms in their lattice positions while leaving the overall crystal structure relatively unchanged. The casting process is especially important in the production of heat-resistant superalloys such as those used in aircraft engine components.
- Aggregated Diamon Nanorods -
Some materials resist this deformation and break very sharply, without plastic deformation, in what is called a brittle failure. The measure of a material’s resistance to deformation, particularly in a localized manner is its hardness.
Diamonds have always been the standard for hardness, being the hardest material known to man. X-ray diffraction analysis had indicated that ADNRs are 0.3% denser than standard diamonds, giving rise to their superior hardness.
Testing performed on a traditional diamond with an ADNR tip produced a hardness value of 170 GPa. Still, it’s speculated that ADNR’s hardness on the Mohs scale could exceed 10, the rating of a diamond.
- Delo Monopox VE403728 -
The way we utilize the properties of materials tends to occur in plain sight. Adhesives by definition are any non-metallic substance applied to one or both surfaces of two separate materials that bind them together and resist their separation. Sometimes referred to as glues or cement, they are one of the earliest engineering materials used by man.
The lap shear strength is reported as the failure stress in the adhesive, which is determined by dividing the failing load by the bond area. For comparison, a single 6mm spot weld found on the chassis of most cars typically has a lap shear strength of 20Mpa.
This substance is estimated to have a shear strength of around 60 Mpa, approaching the strength of a soldered copper joint.
- B. A. M. -
How easily two materials slide against each other is determined by their coefficient of friction, a dimensionless value that describes the ratio of the force of friction between two objects and the force pressing them together. Most dry materials, against themselves, have friction coefficient values between 0.3 and 0.6. Aside from its hardness, its unique composition exhibited the lowest known coefficients of friction of dry material, 0.04 and
it was able to get as low as 0.02 using water-glycol-based lubricants.
BAM is so slippery that a hypothetical 1kg block coating in the material would start sliding down an inclined plane of only 2 degrees.
- Upsalite -
Similar to how the slipperiest material was discovered, the most absorbent material would also be accidentally discovered in 2013, by a group of nanotechnology researchers at Uppsala University. While pursuing more viable methods for drug delivery using porous calcium carbonate, the team had accidentally created an entirely new material thought for more than 100 years to be impossible to make. This material, mesoporous magnesium carbonate or Upsalite, is a non-toxic magnesium carbonate with an extremely porous surface area, allowing it to absorb more moisture at low humidities than any other known material.
Each nanopore is less than 10 nanometers in diameter which results in one gram of the material having 26 trillion nanopores, making it very reactive with its environment. This characteristic gives it incredible moisture absorption properties, allowing it to absorb more than 20 times more moisture than fumed silica, a material commonly used for moisture control during the transport of moisture sensitive goods.
- Chlorine Trifluoride -
Chlorine trifluoride is a colorless, poisonous, corrosive, and extremely reactive gas. In fact, it is so reactive that it is the most flammable substance known. First prepared in 1930 by the German chemist Otto Ruf, it was created by the fluorination of chlorine then separated by distillation.
Because chlorine trifluoride is such a strong oxidizing and fluorinating agent it will react with most inorganic and organic materials, and will even initiate the combustion with many non-flammable materials, without an ignition source. Its oxidizing ability even surpasses oxygen, allowing it to react even against oxide-containing materials considered incombustible. It has been reported to ignite glass, sand, asbestos, and other highly fire-retardant materials. It will also ignite the ashes of materials that have already been burned in oxygen.
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[@jonmyers1697]

When he said the strongest naturally occurring bond.....I thought he was going to say the force that holds two 5 gallon buckets together

[@cosmicraysshotsintothelight]

I was thinking of the coffee cup lids at the gas station.

[@Shuroii]

Two 1/3rd height Lego pieces on top of eachother

[@jessedesens5845]

The strongest naturally occurring bond is caramelized sugar on an pan and the only known substance to adhere completely to Tephlon. ... ... ... .. Well... Not naturally since it only occurs (mostly) in restaurants. But it's the only thing that sticks to "non-stick" pans.

[@shockwavev1807]

being a mechanical engineering student, this video is like a gem to me

[@calholli]

A gem is a physical object consisting of solid material. This video is only information; stored data. Its actually only a high speed square wave of 1's and 0's by a simple switch being turned on and off. Being a mechanical engineer I would have thought that you would know the difference.

[@shockwavev1807]

@@calholli nice pun

[@AngeEinstein]

@@calholli "like a gem"

[@captainmcderpyderp]

Just wait until you discover Wikipedia

[@expertoflizardcorrugation3967]

This channel is a gem.

[@fortheloveofcake93]

anything that can react to glass that readily terrifies me.

[@mitchellsteindler]

Lots reacts with glass. Its the basis of glass fiber "sizing". Sizing is used to couple the glass to resin, because resin won't strongly bond to bare glass.

[@johnrogers9481]

What type of glass readily terrifies you.?

[@satrioekowicaksono7452]

@@mitchellsteindler You mean coupling agent? like silane and such?

[@salvadorcrespo9489]

recre 5 trae 5 62rê red eeg ydd55eex@@satrioekowicaksono7452 5 te interesa com 45e 66y!dé de ededet deseases 7 fnuyd DT 5fr de 3ede es ddd4deerêe red rede d4 r4 5fr r8i eex k iré 6d e DC ee e d4 r 4r 56td 🅰 6

[@JP_TaVeryMuch]

@@johnrogers9481 The subject of the most import in his sentence is the 'anything' and thus this is what scares him.

[@sendoh7x]

Suggestion: Have a clear transition between different topics. Great content as always

[@zaku28]

sendoh7x Agreed, I feel that they can add time stamps to the titles of each segment in the script for an easy fix, considering it’s already found in the description so not much extra work is needed

[@FedoraSpunk]

I concur, just a bit Zeropunctuation-esque

[@calholli]

He literally puts the words on the screen of the new subject. lol.... What else does he need to do? put up some flashing lights and a bell. hahah.. wtf

[@sendoh7x]

@@calholli example: between adhesive and slippery material kzbin.info/www/bejne/aZKbpoKOfrWbhKs (sorry not sure how to do the time stamp thing)

[@calholli]

@@sendoh7x "And now we turn to the opposite end of the spectrum" -- that's a clear transition. lol.... I've seen videos where they will stop and go to a blank screen with just a title... or like "#3 -adhesives" -- I really don't like these transitions.. They kill the flow of the video; Especially when you can pivot off of a good segue like he does here-- that's even related to the previous subject. Its more seamless and you learn more about how things relate, oppose or compliment. Just my opinion, but the transitions are there and they are done well. We don't need another "top 10' video. (btw, on the time stamp.. just put the number with a colon, it will link it automatically. For example, your link was at 8:33 )

[@LMFAOdudeification]

Damn... imagine breathing in, and the air you're breathing just spontaneously combusts.

[@EduardoEscarez]

That would be kinda nice compared to have that element exposed and see how it burns from the protective gloves to the bone.

[@johnrogers9481]

Man that would be a quick exit.!

[@morkey74]

this reply reminds me of feeding seagulls alka seltzer tablets

[@KennethCantrell]

Inconel, Hastalloy, Waspalloy...(any of the high-nickel alloys) are a pain in the ass to machine. They're gummy and wear tools out FAST. That being said, they are amazing mechanically.

[@Kumquat_Lord]

A286 is up there too. Chews through carbide easily.

[@bruceyako3993]

@@Kumquat_Lord They can 3D print inconel now.

[@tt3233]

Electro chemical machining cut through those harder metals alot easier. The opposite is also true. It is almost impossible to machine cast iron in ecm because of how soft the cast iron is.

[@Kumquat_Lord]

@@tt3233 also wire EDM. If it conducts electricity, you can cut it

[@karozans]

My brother worked at a place that was run by total morons that were ripping off the government. He said they had 10 - 1 inch x 4' x 8' sheets of inconel stacked up in the corner of the shop. He said they were probably 20,000 each.

[@prestonnguyen5982]

I would like to clarify that Ni-based superalloys (depending on the specific alloy) can utilize precipitation hardening in addition to having solid solution strengthening. We usually see precipitation hardened Ni-based superalloys as turbine blades which are cast as single crystal

[@WarpedPerception]

Your channel should be named "Most Interesting Things in the World" dude that was amazing! So much eye gluing information, I love extreme materials!!!!

[@nielsoudegriep2900]

Time to try and blow em up?👀

[@buckerupfpv2622]

u now have a new sub

[@TungstenCarbideTempe]

Exactly! I just found this channel on KZbin and can’t get enough, despite watching like 10 videos. Interesting material and tons of new interesting , deep penetrating to the bottom, facts, unlike others, who copy each other with information that barely scratches the surface.

[@WishfulThunkiner]

"I actually took notes during this video," said the new subscriber, me.

[@desertodavid]

1:21 "eyegluing" as in "SUPEPRALLOYS"

[@felixcat9318]

I particularly appreciate your explaining the very technical aspects towards the later stage of the video in terms which didn't require a high level understanding of nanotechnology. Your clear, concise explanation was easily understood, thank you.

[@ErostheEpic]

As a machinist, this is definitely some breakthrough stuff to be looking forward to in my industry.

[@markenriquez6937]

Hah, I just looked for Boron Aluminum Nitride coatings and coldnt find anything about it, two years later. Must be some problems.

[@sn0tkore]

When do I get my BAM coated frying pan? I'm trademarking BAMPAN.

[@kyprios64]

And then do a cooking show with Bam Margera, HIM and CKY?

[@subnormality5854]

Don't bother, someone will scratch it with a fork and ruin the nonstick soon enough

[@jimurrata6785]

@@subnormality5854 it's almost as hard as diamond. The pan is going to scratch the fork, not the other way around.

[@noamstanger]

@@jimurrata6785 sounds like a great back scratcher

[@karozans]

@@jimurrata6785 You've never seen my mom cook.

[@Dysstopolis]

That silence at the end is STUNNING! Leave it as it is, coz it's awesome!!!

[@Entropic_Alloy]

I worked with some superalloys for my PhD. This video was pretty impressive! Good work.

[@w0ttheh3ll]

There is another known method of dealing with a clorine trifluoride fire and similar hypergolic substances: running away very quickly.

[@spencerthompson1049]

I used to weld Inconel, Hastelloy, and Chromium Carbide fans for industrial applications that required corrosion resistant alloys, fun stuff!

[@DRIFTWORKSINC]

This video is like an intro into an advanced mechanics of materials course.

[@calholli]

You forgot to mention magnetic forces and superconductors... would have fit in well in this video. Another extreme material could be Silver, just based on how useful it is-- over 10k known uses. What material is most elastic... What is the best strength to weight material--- ... What material can withstand the most heat/ or resist the most voltage (greatest insulators). Hydrogen itself could be "extreme" in that it can create the most powerful bomb, be the most abundant in the universe and still be a key ingredient of life itself (because its in water)-- pretty extreme range of utility..... I think this needs an encore-- second episode. This should be a continuing series.

[@ericscaillet2232]

exactly, verbosely put.

[@calholli]

@@ericscaillet2232 Listing some of my own ideas is not being verbose. lol.. It wasn't just to make a single point.

[@nicholashernandez4367]

I didn't know what I was expecting from this video, but it turned out great! These materials are really interesting!!! Thank you.

[@killmimes]

Inconel and monel have been used by the us Navy for years in there sub fleet. Ive cast both of them

[@spaceeagle832]

Finally another video from this channel. Quality as always!

[@taipoio1]

This could be a full 2 hour documentary and I would happily watch it.

[@fiveminutezen]

I enjoyed this video. I had never heard of upsalite before, fascinating stuff. When you talked about the porous nature of upsalite, I had hope you would get into one of my favorite materials aerogels. I just found your videos yesterday and have been enjoying them.

[@AndersonNSilva-mw7kl]

Fartbomber: a super villain who has the power of farting chlorine trifluoride.

[@WanderingDad]

Not necessarily a superpower, as a normal human can do a lot of things once. Technically I can jump from tall buildings. Sorry, I mean building.

[@oquendo0021]

@@WanderingDad party pooper lol

[@TelmoMonteiro]

This is amazing content. Such high quality. When I see a notification from this channel I know I must see it

[@SylvesterAshcroft88]

Instant sub to Bony Right, thanks for the recommendation! :D

[@TheMr77469]

Pretty cool! How machinery relies on a bolt, a seal, glue, or some king of friction-less coating to function!

[@CHEVYCAMARO4GEN]

Best KZbin channel

[@davidshamis4666]

As I’ve watched your videos your thumbnails have been getting better and better, and the vids are interesting keep it up!

[@aurora2319]

The content quality of this channel is simply outstanding!

[@ericlotze7724]

Never Head of the extreme epoxy, bio-superadhesive, or the new material harder than diamond. Great video as always!

[@sendoh7x]

New harder material than diamond is just another form of diamond 👍

[@simonbecker748]

Ah yes! That's the kind of quality content I'm looking for on youtube! Always a good day when you release a new video, criminally underrated Chanell

[@auoro]

great video , i will whatch an extended 1 hour version of this whit more details. you went super fast

[@Steve_Just_Steve]

Absolutely excellent vid as always. Thanks.

[@charlesachurch7265]

Fascinating presentation thanks xxx I feel satisfyingly informed.

[@scottbruner9987]

Thank you for the link to that "Bony" channel. They are really cool.

[@sagerobot]

I think I great way to improve your videos would be to make transitions more clear. Especially when im learning about something I dont have any previous knowledge in I found I didn't realized you were talking about a new thing yet. Maybe try having more defined transitions? With text maybe? Or a more defined pause. Other than that I love the videos! It can be a bit of an information flood with how fast you go on to the next term/subject.

[@Steve_Just_Steve]

Learning how to properly structure a sentence would be a great way for you to improve your comments. To change the video to 1/2 speed click the gear icon.

[@sagerobot]

@@Steve_Just_Steve in many ways, my comment was structured in the same way his video was. Like a long run-on sentence. I made the comment because he is still growing his channel and while I could certainly slow the video down I think it would have more appeal to more people of he had transitions.

[@fatboise]

I agree, I love the channel but I do find that sometimes I find myself thinking "Oh! this is something different now"

[@tt3233]

I worked in a shop that made plane parts from inconel. Alot of machining tricks are done to help save the strength of the metal. Electo-chemical machining helps machine the parts without the heat stress of normal machining. Then part are sanded smooth. So no stress cracks form during the operation of the part. This whole process can machine a part to less weight than standard machining.

[@maciekm7953]

Absolutely amazing stuff 👍Thank you for sharing, I love your videos.

[@omhekde9033]

Thanks for making such a quality content.

[@ecrusch]

Excellent video. Very informative. Thank you.

[@puffinjuice]

Nice video. Keep making them, im hooked!

[@ThoughtinFlight]

This was a non-clickbait very informative video thanks!

[@AmaroqStarwind]

Upsalite might be useful in road surfaces to keep them dry during extremely wet weather.

[@ConReese]

Roads are perfect as they are, upsalite is too brittle, asphalt can be melted down again and reused

[@fatboise]

Love the channel.....would love if you could incorporate the science behind the frangibolt in one of your upcoming videos. They are used to release payloads on interplanetary missions.

[@michaelmccarthy4615]

When materials are so awesome that the possibilities are mind boggiling....

[@circusitch]

Think when the first people came up with bronze and iron. They thought the same thing.

[@sendoh7x]

If only mass producing them are cheap

[@dimesonhiseyes9134]

@@circusitch or steel. A material so awesome it made it's parent metal essentially disappear from use.

[@chloehennessey6813]

My turbo piping hot side is Inconel and so are the exhaust valves in my engine! I love Inconel 👌💕

[@FantomZap]

Another great video. Thank you!

[@CyanBlackflower]

This is a Great Channel. For people like me - who are fascinated by engineering and design technology, but for some reason or other have not diverted the time to learn and understand the concepts it (Both the Tech & Channel) addresses. I've said this before, and I'll probably say it again. I love it. ~ Thank You New Mind.

[@Randmagnum69]

I really love NewMind its such an engaging and educational experience. I get excited every time a new video comes out!

[@davidgoncalvesalvarez]

Cool sponsor, I will surely check it out after watching the video.

[@richardorberson4991]

Thank you, very enjoyable

[@jungleb]

This channel is amazing!!

[@johnmollet2637]

Cool info, thanks for doing it.

[@grapy83]

Amazing and beautiful. It was mind blowing and informative. Great job.

[@aaronwilson458]

What a video brother. This was so informational you speak on the extremes of research. I feel as if you have done extensive research yourself for this.

[@Tommysmess]

Relaxing yet so informative. The more you know right? Even if you Google all this stuff it's impressive you have such detailed knowledge of ot

[@danielstewart3507]

Caulobacter crescentus always trying to one up everyone. Such their style.

[@chrissartain4430]

Great content and completely understood.

[@ilikejumping5064]

As fluorine trichloride is so reactive it could be used for ram jets that wouldn't need speed to start as it doesn't need the heat.

[@witoldgrabowski9263]

Fascinating content !

[@JGD444]

Superb channel, top content as always

[@birchthebirch4593]

Excellent work

[@lorriecarrel9962]

Can you do more about strong or future materials? Please,this is gold

[@colinmccarthy7921]

I studied Metallurgy,Materials Science and Engineering.I would say Super-Alloys, Metallic Materials,Composites and Fibre Based Materials can be used for any application in the production of any products.These include Planes,Ships, Computer and Technology,Etc.In the future there will be New Materials with better Properties for Applications.

[@TheRealCheckmate]

*EXCELLENT!*

[@4n2earth22]

That was, is, amazing information!! Thank you. I believe you could do a whole segment on each of those materials. Especially the chlorine trifluoride. Man, what a chemical. Try ordering a kilo of that stuff on amazon. Excellent presentation. I am also fascinated by BAM, it has vast potential in all kinds of industries.

[@sendoh7x]

High temp non-toxic non-stick pan please 😅

[@ericscaillet2232]

do the men in black turn up at your door?

[@4n2earth22]

@@ericscaillet2232 Indeed. They have. Four at once, from the local FBI bomb squad. All because someone gave a 'credible tip' that I was making bombs. I was what they call "SWATTED". They all left laughing, however, and I stayed home.

[@lst1nwndrlnd]

9:54 Totally making that right now!

[@maheshkarthik6067]

Nice video. It would be nice if you could provide references for further reading in the description

[@sadrevolution]

This is awesome, and the thorough addendum write-up is nice, but sources would really help. KZbin is an incredible resource, but also awash in even well intentioned videos mired in misinformation. Help us distinguish whether what we are exposing ourselves to is authentic knowledge, svp!

[@BlackMambo5]

Awesome video! Also any word on Part 4, 5 and 6 for the Computer Series? :)

[@Randomlyme]

Love your videos

[@fabiss23]

this is the kind of educational video Kal-El watched when he was a kid enroute to planet Earth. No bullshit just straight information.

[@Drumsgoon]

Nice, maybe add a short into and/or summary that explicitly identifies the material characteristics for which you will/have discuss(ed) extreme materials: highest hardness, highest adhesiveness, highest lubricity, highest flammability. And maybe clear transitions, although I could follow the gist of it alright.

[@302ci1968]

Fantastic vid

[@dekutree64]

What kind of container do you even keep chlorine trifluoride in that it doesn't immediately eat through?

[@Steve_Just_Steve]

15:22

[@victoryfirst2878]

Chlorine Trifluoride just oxidizes and burns gold and platinum. There goes my safety metals that I learned in chemistry class many years ago that I thought were the best.

[@mahdyfouad4822]

رائع كالعادة

[@armondomazzucchi6233]

Really interesting video!

[@skcyclist]

Well done.

[@mahendraify]

Great n clear content.

[@alexlandherr]

Could you please cite your sources in the video description?

[@SJR_Media_Group]

*_Former Boeing Everett... Inconel Fasteners are just 1 example of expensive alloys used in Aircraft..._* Want Vertical Stabilizer on a Boeing 767 to stay attached to Fuselage... (16) $2,000 fasteners are perfect for the job. While Aircraft Fuselages don't have part or system 'redundancy' per se, they do have lots and lots of high strength fasteners, including millions of rivets, bolts, even special adhesives. Even that is changing as more and more Carbon Fiber is used for building Aircraft. Even Carbon Fiber parts like Wings attach to Fuselage with expensive high strength fasteners. Engines are held to Pylons with very few fasteners. Engines are designed to sheer off and fly away without striking Aircraft. *_The ultimate Super Expensive fasteners are the Explosive Bolts used to hold Rockets to Launch Pad until liftoff._*

[@oli3645]

Jesus Christ! This brain food of the highest quality that I have ever seen! This just mind blowing the amount of information that you gave us.

[@derigel9783]

Verry Verrrry Cool Video!

[@abcqer555]

Incredible

[@kozmaz87]

The interesting thing about upsalite that its making is very similar to that of aerogel....

[@kennedy67951]

I really liked this video mate. The work that went into it, was suburb. The Information was Dead On. The only thing is. 'I wished you had carried the Information further than you did. You left out so much. Great job on this video. Thanks for the upload.

[@ericscaillet2232]

so much to do, so little time... 😃

[@evanrutherfordlazyahole9079]

Great video love the wide variety of topics we are at an amazing age of super materials let's try not to kill each other.

[@seanriopel3132]

I remember when I first heard about the inconel fasteners that hold the tail section on. 2 grand apiece. Wow.

[@masterimbecile]

11:39 Should've called it Oopsalite.

[@Slowensko98]

the friction parameter "µ" is the tangens of the necessary decline between two surfaces at whick the upper piece starts slipping

[@petercarioscia9189]

When you said Fullerene is an allotrope of Carbon, it REALLY sounded like you said "Fluorine is an allotrope of Carbon" I knew the latter was dead wrong, so I had to do a little sleuthing to find out what you meant, as I had never heard of Fullerene. And now I know :D Edit; I had always known Fullerene by the name "Bucky ball," further sleuthing was required to elucidate my confusion; Bucky balls are a cutesy name for "buckminsterfullerene" Ah science

[@trumanhw]

Given how outstanding the writing is ... and the narration is even very good ... they have amazingly few subscribers, comments and views. I'd really love to know who the authors / writers are ...

[@MarcusToroian]

I literally have one of those $2000 bolts on my desk in front of me. My friend was a jet engine mechanic in the military and he gave it to me. Had no idea it was worth anything!

[@LucasSouza-cz2vw]

Hello from 🇧🇷, dont stop to make videos ❤️

[@kennedy67951]

Fantastic Knowledge Based Video. I just Adore Chemistry. The way we all depend on it's Ability is unknown for the Vast Majority of People. All know it just works. Never really taking a look at how Their Lives would be without Chemistry. Well done in this Production. The research was Top Notch. Maybe you could take all this and go into it Deeper with, WHY, HOW'S AND WHAT'S behind these Metals and Compounds. What do you say young Man? Will you do a more extensive look into this World of (MAGIC)?????? Your Work is Appreciated by me, at least. Thank you for the upload.

[@calholli]

So there is 50 tons of German Chorine Trifloride floating around out there somewhere... great

[@thedeadcannotdie]

I swear every great discovery happens when some scientist leaves something somewhere they shouldn't, for too long.

[@kashmirha]

I wonder how they could handle chlorine trifluoride. BTW: great content! Very interesting.

[@lerneninverschiedenenforme7513]

Stop making interesting videos! I can't stop watching! Thank you very much for your work on these videos! They should show this stuff in school, so pupils get a grasp of the world. // This comments is reprentative for a bunch of your other videos I watched today.