How a quartz watch works - its heart beats 32,768 times a second

[@SteveMould]

Sponsor: Get 75% off NordVPN with this link: nordvpn.com/steve and use the promo code steve to get the first 30 days free.

[@Alexey0795]

Q: Is it possible what is happening with the clock in the passage of the Russian film? kzbin.info/www/bejne/gnXPfn2NfLOmZ7c

[@matty1234a1]

Nice xps 15, i have one too

[@SteveMould]

@@matty1234a1 it's a beast!

[@noraxi]

The flip-flop explaination was hilarious, i already knew pretty much every facts, but i'm mostly here to support science channels on YT And your videos are well made btw, keep up the good work pal

[@bgaskin]

Is it just me, when I see 75% off, I think wow must be overpriced to begin with, and just avoid the company. Feedback to nordvpn: if you just said what the price was (after the discount) I might be more willing to click through.

[@HolyManta]

He actually chained flipflops together for that joke, what a hero

[@lennonwhitehead1352]

Lmao. That joke is funnier because of your comment.

[@guyvermutronics4582]

And later used them for explanation. Absolute legend.

[@jeffron7]

He didn't account for a flip flop leap year though.

[@linus1594]

MADLAD

[@goldenpun5592]

A very good visual aid

[@mcintoshdev]

I have been a software engineer for 33 years and involved with electronics for over 40 years and truly this is one of the best explanations that I've ever seen for how frequency division works just an outstanding job!!!

[@valleykid6577]

It's also cool that quartz apparently vibrates at exactly the rate of a signed 16 bit integer. Did I say that right? If unsigned, a 16 bit integer has a max value of 65535, you sign it, that drops by half, 32,767.5 (except that we would round, because it's an integer). Not sure that it matters, but it kind of made me smile. =)

[@3web3]

@@valleykid6577 man because you talking about 16-bit signed integer (so it's 2^16) sorry for ruining the miracle 😁

[@jeffgaw]

​@@valleykid6577 We don't just round it cause it's an integer, and even if we did, it would be rounded to 32,768 anyway. To understand how this all fits together it's really important to have a grasp of how totals are specified in electronics and comp sci. It can be a bit confusing, so I'd probably suggest reading up on cardinality vs ordinality on wikipedia maybe. The value 2^16 can hold 65,536 integers, and if we were counting as we do normally in everyday life we would start at 1 and end at 65,536. However, in computing we usually start from 0, so even though there are 65,536 numbers, the maximum value we reach is 65,535 because we count 0 as well as 1. Therefore the value of 2^15 is (2^16)/2, is 32,768, but counting from 0 and dividing by 2 gets you 32767.5. Think of it like this - how could a power of 2 not be an even number (i.e. divisible by 2)?

[@Dracconus]

Now, just wait until people realize that motherboards use quartz movement for clock syncing the BIOS.

[@mcintoshdev]

@MrDracconus I think most technical people understand how a clock signal is created. Well, at least I would hope they do!

[@0xZ0F]

13:53 You do need 15 flip flops and you had 16 hung up. You buy flip flops in pairs :)

[@SteveMould]

Damn. You're right. I've made a correction in the description. Thanks!

[@SinanAkkoyun]

@@SteveMould Off by one error to the power of two xD 13:55

[@SteveMould]

@@SinanAkkoyun two off by one errors DO make a right!

[@mr2octavio]

@@SteveMould your brain at that moment was "ok so 4 x 4 =15"

[@oneMeVz]

@@SteveMould Why don't they go the distance and use 2^16 Hz? Because if dogs can hear it, does it not eventually annoy them?

[@marc-andreservant201]

A quartz watch is often significantly more accurate than a second per day. But the clock in your car is also a quartz clock, and you've likely noticed that they must be adjusted often. The reason is that you're wearing the crystal on your wrist which has a constant temperature. Your car gets hot and cold depending on the weather, and the crystal's thermal expansion changes its vibration frequency.

[@aashaykadu6549]

But quartz has low thermal expansion coefficient

[@chanchah1]

​@@aashaykadu6549exactly that's what I thought 🤔

[@chanchah1]

Maybe he's talking about micro expansions

[@heinzhaupthaar5590]

​@@aashaykadu6549 Doesn't matter if it is low. Seems to be enough, and the resonant frequency still varies with temperature. It's considered the main source of error for quartz watches. I'm not sure though if that's actually the culprit for car clocks supposed high inaccuracy. Depends on the quartz type too though, ideally the deviations cancel each other out, which can be influenced by choosing the proper cut and volume iirc.

[@Z0ctB0x]

My watch hasn't lost more than a second for 4 months and it's because its my internal body temperature (I think) and it was 18 bucks on Amazon

[@FiddyBee]

He actually made a flip flop chain. Here good sir, have my like.

[@BillAnt]

Brilliant British humor at its best. :)

[@wellesradio]

Hey, you! This isn't Reddit!

[@taohawaii]

@@wellesradio What, behind the Reddit?

[@chetanbansal01]

he actually made a comment about flipping flip flops and gave him a like.. here good sir, you may also have one..!

[@FiddyBee]

@@chetanbansal01 you actually made a reply to my comment about flipping flip flops and gave me a like. Here good sir, you may also have one.

[@nddragoon]

This is the best explanation of piezoelectricity and quartz watches out there, thank you so much!

[@joeynitro2794]

Its also how binary works

[@BillAnt]

When he said "Flip-Flops" I had the feeling it's gonna be that clever British humor... and sure enough we got flip-flips alright... lol So now I know why cycling 32768 hz (ticks) through a 2^15 flip-flop = 1 sec :)

[@Baigle1]

just came from a 1936 video about transmissions... this video _needs work_. sorry, but you have to know it well enough to explain it clear and concisely with *accurate* graphical depictions of the mechanisms at play.... flip flops? hall no. this would be better redone, as its more a mathematical approach and a half arsed attempt at a graphical explanation. i mean its likely better than most stuff out there, but those mid 1930s videos really ruined it for me.

[@Baigle1]

@Dr. M. H. Constructive criticism. It was more strongly worded when typed out, trust me. Not been ill will for a long time, m8, sometimes just have enough of the worsening quality of internet content. Traps a lot of young souls and messes them up. I'm upset enough about how messed up some people get that watch TV, stupid shows that make them psychotic and out of touch with reality. Enjoy doctoring, keep up on pubmed and CME, depending on what kind of Dr. you might be.

[@dbeierl]

@@Baigle1 Chevrolet had lots of money and I'm sure the Jam Handy organization had a bunch of people ready, willing, and able to spend it. I think you're being a bit hard on our host.

[@lincolnkarim1]

Man! I've been working with timing circuits since 1979. Mostly 555 for all my personal circuits, but quartz for the old analog TV subcarrier frequency (3,58 MHz). Quartz controlled timers just worked like magic and that was that. I never fully understood them until now. I totally understand the piezo-electric effect. I busted open dozens of stove lighters, tweeters, but never had someone like yourself to explain it so well to me. I ought to have regrets, but it would not matter--just happy to have bumped into your video regardless how late. All I had to do was bust open a crystal and look at it under a microscope to realize it was a tuning fork shape device. My lame imagination of the shape was a 'salt crystal' with two wires which some factory worker chipped away at with a tiny chisel until the numbers were right. If they chipped away too much, then they start with a new fat crystal. Thanks and bless you for taking the time to do this.

[@dank6617]

Wait a minute, wait a minute doc... are you telling me you built a time machine... out of a Delorean?

[@kenlogsdon7095]

@@dank6617 Nah, I only played with MC790P dual JK RTL flops when I was a kid.... in the 60s.

[@Davejust451]

3.579545 m hertz color burst crystal. Also look up the mm5369 60 hz time base generator ( 8 pin ) . Good luck finding one.

[@krunch3696]

A long time ago, when I was doing my GCSEs, I went to a STEM event where you were one of the presenters. If I remember correctly you demonstrated harmonic resonance patterns in sand on a vibrating plate. You were a huge inspiration for me getting into STEM. I went from that event and ended up getting an electronic engineering masters, and now I'm nearing 30 and working as an FPGA engineer watching you explain flip flops with flip flops. 😂 Thank you for everything you do Steve, you inspired this engineer to find his dream career. I hope one day I can do the same for the next generation.

[@CrimsonCrime2234]

"I am not going to explain what a flip flop is", proceed to provide the best explanation I have every heard.

[@shawnmunck7412]

he wasnt explaining it though. was explaining everything else 😂 still better than what i heard from other in the past though. i love his shit. prob gonna get his books next month for my 2yr son.

[@bravomike4734]

As a computer student, I've literally only understood the purpose of flip flops now.

[@Aoltooliol]

@@bravomike4734 as a minecraft player, i understood the principle of flip-flops with mumbo jumbo's redstone videos

[@dimaryk11]

@@bravomike4734 Bruh, it's just bits turning on and off

[@bravomike4734]

@@dimaryk11 Yeah but I gotta explain D Flip Flop, SR Flip Flop, etc in more technical terms with logic circuit.

[@chaithanyashyam3373]

You just taught us concepts of physics, chemistry, math and programming. Amazing!

[@hebl47]

and alternate use for footwear

[@db8989]

there's still room to improve regarding counting ;-) But fair enough, I had to count several times to make sure it are actually are 16 flip flops hanging there and Steve kind of did it on the spot, so who am I to judge :D

[@iProgramInCpp]

@@db8989 yeah, when the binary counter value reaches 32768, the MSB gets turned on, likewise, when it hits 65536, it turns off. That's how a 1 Hz wave can be generated from 32768 Hz

[@TheWanderer28]

This is one of the very best videos I have seen on KZbin ever. There is no hype, no BS, just very clear, concise, and easy to follow explanations.

[@uwuowo4856]

No BS? Flip,flop,flip,flop,flip,flop 😐😂

[@cheezesmoker8851]

@@uwuowo4856 no bs yeah sure, refers to a theory as fact not even 2 mintues in.

[@deathcorepyro]

You should look at Not What You Think, or Real Engineering, or Verittasium

[@jansalomin]

@@cheezesmoker8851 Do you not know how theories work in science? Sure they aren't facts but in science we don't like suggest something is proven.

[@cheezesmoker8851]

@@jansalomin "we" you're nothing to do with the religion of science, but ok.

[@Jako1741]

I am an electronics & automation engineer, and let me tell you, your explanation is astonishing good. You have explained a complex process in an extremely simple yet perfectly correct way.

[@tylerg7118]

This is crazy, I’m currently taking a basic electronics course and I just learned about logic gates, crystal rectifiers, and pretty much all of the stuff he went rover in this video. In fact I have a test on it tomorrow and this just helped further my knowledge.

[@confused.cat.]

How was your test?

[@tylerg7118]

Jainish Patel 96, I missed a simple question about zener diodes because I wasn’t paying enough attention

[@xxlightspeedxx6050]

@@tylerg7118 Congrats!

[@WeirdOleHippy]

"went rover" ha ha ha, he sure did. good luck on the test.

[@Sparkette]

"I've actually got a redundant flip-flop here. You don't need 15; you need 14. That was my mistake; that's called an off-by-one error." - Steve, as he holds the leftmost flip-flop in a chain of 16

[@krebgurfson5732]

off by 2 error!!!

[@xHEROURx]

flop-overflow-error xD

[@thisguy1890]

Off-by-one off-by-one error

[@whitk034]

@@krebgurfson5732 off by 10 😉

[@UNSCPILOT]

So what he thought was an error of 1 was an error of 2, hehe

[@miracbaverozturk4631]

I'm a computer engineering student and right now I am laughing out loud to your representation of flip flops.😂 keep up the good work sir.👍

[@AchronTimeless]

I love how the most technical people come up with the most oddball examples from things. I still crack up thinking about how I was taught pointers using the handle off a broken cooking pan and a bunch of yarn taped to a chalk board.

[@Mr_Spock512]

Flip flop technology is amazing ... just don't use socks otherwise you'll look goofy.

[@merlin7766]

@@Mr_Spock512Flip-Flop technology is amazingly simple and I understood this at the age of eleven. I worry when people get excited about something so simple in that they would never be able to comprehend modern processor chips and alike that contains billions of flop flops etc. It is like saying I understand how a stick works.

[@dmurray1200]

I've been on a rabbit hole of learning how a computer works. I learned about transistors, gates, memory, cpu, gpu... Of course I don't understand everything, but this video is exactly what I was looking for to understand how it actually works. Thanks!

[@StagnantMizu]

me too its been quite interesting to understand the basics to current state of quantem mechanics and all the laws and stuff. gives a different perspective on things to say the least

[@AntonyTCurtis]

You didn't mention Casio's trick: Early quartz watches were not particularly accurate until Casio started calibrating their crystals at 37 degrees C... The body temperature of the wearer is used to keep the watch accurate.

[@Noise-Bomb]

Antony T Curtis So basically if you have fever the watch would run slightly faster?

[@TheFeldhamster]

@@Noise-Bomb Doc: how high is your fever Patient: 1 second per day

[@AustrianEconomist]

@@TheFeldhamster this is probably the most niche joke I have ever heard in my entire life. Amazing lmao

[@creounity]

Well 36.6 deg С, to be precise =)

[@ThomasCorfield]

Doc: How high is your fever? Patient: 1 second per day Doc: Hmm. Take three flip-flops, twice a day for seven days. Patient: But I'm allergic to flip-flops! Doc: Then shut up and die.

[@christopherbrooke2142]

Thank you so much for mentioning the Accutron! Most people who explain quartz watches neglect to mention the Accutron, even though it is the predecessor to the quartz system.

[@adenintriphosphat520]

You don't have to explain what a flip flop is, I'm a redstone engineer

[@PrinceShehzad]

same, Minecraft redstone engineer

[@sylvesterjohn3444]

Haha prince nailed it

[@TheAdatto]

@@Ormaaj right!

[@maximvelikanov9641]

That's why minecraft is useful for becoming an engineer!

[@sushimrexx]

Haha nice

[@larrygraham3377]

Really loved your video ; especially the " chain of flip flops ". Thank you for taking the time to explain a rather difficult operation into terms all us can understand. Keep up the great work. Can't wait for your next video. 😁😁😁

[@bossybill7437]

Too bad, at 13:53 when he says he has 15 flip-flops, he actually has 16 (4 lots of 4). And depending on exactly how you care to count, he does need 15, not 16 or 14. Looks like he purposely marked that left-most, 16th, flip-flop a different colour, then got totally confused with the actual count versus the 'off by 1 error'.

[@waynetrinklein5938]

This was way cooler than I was expecting! Props (or flops) to you for actually chaining together the flip flops and using that to explain it. that totally helped make sense!

[@aarshinpanchal]

this video should be declared official learning in schools, colleges, and everywhere... Every bit and bytes are valuable.

[@hxhdfjifzirstc894]

Schools have become commie indoctrination bunkers.

[@timothylegg]

In the US, even Engineers lack the credentials to be educators, fortunately, ambitious people can find these videos to learn for themselves and save the patriotic stories and songs for school

[@kinggenderman1874]

@@hxhdfjifzirstc894 not sure about the commie part unless you're chinese but yeah

[@elijahbuscho7715]

lol no one needs to know about how quartz watches work

[@mortache]

@@hxhdfjifzirstc894 lol I wish

[@macvideoworld]

I've spent most of my life as a programmer, and really enjoyed this video. Not just informational but almost stand-up-comedic. The flip-flops chain made laugh and made my day; Wish there were more such people on earth.

[@pilotboy2612]

Brilliant video. At around 14:20 it states that the signal is sent to a stepper motor. But a cheap clock like the one shown will just have a winding which switches polarity to a permanent magnet and rotate it 180 degrees. That is connected to the first gear.

[@vleessjuu]

Explaining flip-flops with flip-flops. I love it!

[@JolanRensen]

Explaining a chain of flip-flops using a chain of flip-flops even! What a man

[@leerman22]

I wanted to see 32,768 flip-floppings.

[@Think-About-It]

the flip flops also make sounds when you walk like "flip flop.... flip flop....."

[@merlin7766]

@@leerman22 why? I think you are missing the division by 2 to arrive at 1Hz

[@McCov1]

Every second of this video was really valuable. Thank you for sharing !

[@HackysackTrav]

i see what you did there

[@antonipolski9569]

Because their expensive

[@albertweedsteinthethuggeni7797]

Except "this video is sponsored by nord vpn"

[@akshaykushawaha2160]

@@albertweedsteinthethuggeni7797 no man, he has to even have a sponsor for his videos and after watching such an amazing video that ending was perfectly done

[@D4egon]

I guess what you meant is every 2^15 quartz vibrations of this video was amazing

[@randyhochuli4540]

You do need 15 flip-flops! You miss counted your chain, you have 16 on that wall! Amazing video! Subscribed 🙏

[@guyingrey1072]

Yup, 0-14 is 15.

[@MaulikParmar210]

Actually 16 bit counter in which 16th bit is used as carry, which is your bit to trigger second, other circuitry would reset it, trigger the tick logic, that makes sense in real scenarios as counter won't have to wait further for next second. Microcontrollers and programmable logic is taken for granted these days!

[@ahmadalhuwaish7504]

If you divide 2^15 by 2 16 times you will get to 1 which is the frequency that you would want.

[@monstercolorfunco4391]

this is what a flip flop chain actually looks like on silicon www.alibaba.com/product-detail/custom-soft-PVC-rubber-silicone-flip_60450932806.html

[@WhiteHenny]

@@ahmadalhuwaish7504 If you divide 2^15 by 2 16 times you get 2^(15-16) = 2^(-1) = 0.5

[@toffeepie1878]

As an Electronic Engineer can I say this is just awesome - the flip flop bit was genius. I love all watches, particuarly Seiko and have a mechanical KS56 from 1971 accurate to 1s/day but I also have high end Quartz models from the late 70s accurate to 10spy and 5spy - these were so expensive back then they were out of reach of everyone but you can get good examples if you know what you are looking for. Seiko were masters of the Quartz movement and the end result was high precision thermocoupled quartz crystal timepieces like the Grand Quartz and Superior Quartz, an exercise in Japanese opulence

[@chrisengland5523]

Yes, I'm an EE too and I laughed at the chain of flip-flops.

[@Jesse__H]

As an educator I am seriously envious of your capabilities as an educator. If my students knew about you they'd wish they had you for first period instead of me 🤔😁

[@SteveMould]

That's really kind thank you. Thanks for being an educator in person. That's awesome.

[@josephdestaubin7426]

Yeah, I come from a family of teachers and I noticed that as well, especially the way he quickly digressed from the discussion about atomic clocks, giving just enough information to move the student forward without distracting them from his key points.

[@wolfsummer3617]

Being a Watchmaker myself I got to say brilliantly explained.

[@jurivlk5433]

I agree, also being a watchmaker!

[@drago7410]

@@jurivlk5433 is watch making hard?

[@xw591]

@@jurivlk5433 Start a channel!

[@NoOne-fe3gc]

Steve: "That's called an off by one error, happens a lot in programming" Me, a programmer: *vietnam flashbacks*

[@Death_By_Rebirth]

Yeah... but that's not actually called an off-by-one error, is it? What he's describing is just a spare bit, like you'd see with ASCII (since you only need 7 bits to represent ASCII characters). Off-by-one errors have to do with iterative loops... e.g. you accidentally iterate one too many times because you use >= instead of just >. Not to be picky, but if he explained how beta-amyloid plaques can build up in the brain causing cell death, and then said "This, by the way, is what people in the medical field refer to as a Heart Attack," you'd call that out right?

[@pshalleck]

​@@Death_By_Rebirth The chain of flip-flops is an iterative loop and he had one more than intended; he forgot that the signal itself counts as the first power when counting down through them. The 15th flip-flop causes the loop to iterate one time more than intended; 15 flip-flops would be appropriate if the crystal oscillated at 2^16, or 65536 Hz.

[@vannoo67]

@@pshalleck Yeah, except the OB1 error was that there were 16 flip-flops on the chain not 15

[@pshalleck]

@@vannoo67 I heard you liked off-by-one errors, so I put an off-by-one error in your off-by-one error.

[@matheuswohl]

this is too relatable

[@rvarnell9165]

Best content on KZbin. Great job. Consistently provide interesting, informative and not bogged down with any hyper dramatic music and over production. Thanks for being better than the masses. You truly deserve awards and riches. We, as a society, seem to value and reward all the wrong things.

[@stackocakes]

LOL, Never have I seen someone explain Flip-flop circuits using actual flip-flops.

[@dansmith2863]

And a chain of Flip flops on an actual chain.

[@OrangeC7]

@@dansmith2863 Hm. I didn't notice that.

[@iwantitpaintedblack]

If KZbin had something like an "UltimateLike" where each user only has 1UltraLike and can give it to one video, this one will get it. mf explains a Chain of Flip-Flops, with an Actual chain of Flip-Flops, flipping and flopping around.

[@nexisle7508]

Your explanations are just on point. I'm a CS student, had a semester of flipflop explanations but somehow your simple flipflop explanation explained more 😍 Keep doing what you love my man. God bless your life

[@c4alexc4]

If you really learned more about Flipflops in 4 minutes on KZbin than in a whole semester you should really think about your uni choices tbh

[@nexisle7508]

@@c4alexc4 ikr. Sucks that there are people who arent fortunate enough to end up in a place even passable as a university. The bright side is we got guys like steve to save us ;)

[@KamuiPan]

@@c4alexc4 Yeah, you need to have nice pedigree if you want to be hire as a minion in Communist (Silicon) Valley.

[@sean..L]

I rate this video 9.7/10: flip-flop redundancy is a costly error.

[@RabidMortal1]

This video is a high quality, comprehensive, yet communicated in an ever-engaging way. Not easy to pull off! The overall effect is is right up there with "The Secret Life of Machines" IMO. Bravo

[@brekkoh]

Steve spotted at a local convenience store "I'd like 7 and 1/2 pairs of flipflops please"

[@Ellyerre]

That reminds of the Numberphile video where Brady ordered 43 nuggets from McDonalds*. *Other horrible fast-food chains are available.

[@moncef0147]

And then he finds out later that he didn't even need that 0.5 pair of flipflops,

[@Miquelalalaa]

Convenience stores don’t sell flip flops.

[@gralha_]

@@Miquelalalaa I bought mine from a convenience store

[@paulvale2985]

@Ricardo Lopes McS***s as they're more accurately known.

[@rogeronslow1498]

8 pairs of hardly used flip flops for sale on ebay now.

[@TyBraek]

I always find it funny when watch snobs say "you'll never find me with a quartz watch. Mechanical watches are superior." Literally the only thing a watch is supposed to do is keep time, and quartz watches keep better time. I had a $5 quartz watch that kept time way better than most mechanical watches. Don't get me wrong I love mechanical watches. They're amazing pieces of engineering, and they're beautiful, but they don't keep good time, and if you don't wear them all the time they stop running (which means you're constantly adjusting it whether you wear it or not). Even losing 5 seconds (which is pretty accurate for a mechanical) is a lot of time loss. I have a pretty cheap Casio that has a 10 year battery and only gets about a minute off every 4-5 months.

[@calinguga]

true

[@mariobros7834]

I don't understand why use any watch nowadays. Everybody has a mobile phone and uses it everyday everywhere. Even before smart phones, all of them had clocks.

[@TheGrayWolf81]

@@mariobros7834 Looking at your wrist is far more convenient than digging a phone out of a pocket whilst also having to wake it up.

[@sauron269]

Mechanical watches are shit.

[@incognitoburrito6020]

@@mariobros7834 Aside from what the other person said, it's pretty easy to find yourself in situations where you can't, shouldn't, or aren't allowed to access a phone. Work, school, formal events, driving, lost it, camping, being very near water, keeping it somewhere else, stuff like that. Even just wearing a dress can make it surprisingly inconvenient to check a phone, since the big brains in fashion decide they aren't worth pockets. I usually have my phone within arms' reach, but watches are nice for situations like that.

[@17dhey36]

Steve, I found your illustration remarkably comprehensible. They way you started with basic questions that how to keep the oscillation going and regulate it is the key to build the watch is evidence that you really understand how learning happens. Thank you!

[@vmpy2024]

As a school kid I was curious to understand how a electronic clock worked and ended up spoiling one (got thrashed for that). I didn't have resources or reading materials back then in 90's in India :( . But now I feel relieved or enlightened. Thanks you Steve. Really enjoyed your video.

[@0MoTheG]

This explanation was not very in dept, there is more to be known about the circuit and temperature dependency. I know for a fact that even the vast majority of EEs does not know how a simple quartz oscillator works.

[@boggybolt6782]

Minecraft redstone taught me what a "flip-flop" circuit is.

[@AlexM-xj7qd]

First thing I thought of

[@killingtimeitself]

t flip flops are what we call them in minecraft

[@jasonhackman5553]

same lol

[@marios1861]

@@killingtimeitself thats what a certain kind of flip flop is called in digital design too. I passed my exam through minecraft lol

[@Thesunscreen]

@@exodeus7959 You are perhaps thinking of Jamaican elections? Flip-flop Circuses?

[@anders2821]

4:36 Everytime they get too close to you, you push them away. same. same....

[@kruljo]

bruh

[@firghteningtruth7173]

Hahahah

[@aranbest]

DEEP

[@thefirstsin]

Dude..

[@TaigiTWeseFormosanDiplomat]

YES

[@lexngaming8099]

0:01 haaa, you made me remember the beautiful moments with my wife😁😁😁😁

[@SirNobleIZH]

Brooooooooooo

[@Asatruction]

As a computer scientist, the T-flip flop binary counter was the cutest explanation of the concept I've ever seen. The effort and will put into it was amazing. I immediately felt at home as soon as you mentioned the quartz' frequency. Thanks a lot for this truly great explanation of quartz watches!

[@aaronschocke5463]

"That's called an 'off by one' error. Happens a lot in programming." *throws headphones* *screams in C#*

[@BamoAAziz]

I am not a programmer, but I LOLed hard.

[@aaronschocke5463]

@@BamoAAziz I LOL'd at myself 🤣

[@asadnaeem76]

C# the language or C# the musical note 🤣

[@aaronschocke5463]

@@asadnaeem76 Both 🤣

[@RandomPrimoShit]

I would scream in C++

[@jackwall6512]

I can't get over the fact that there were 16 flip flops, and he thought there were 15.

[@ptrinch]

Especially when coupled with the fact that upon realizing there was an extra flip flop, he erroneously assumed you only needed 14 to step down. Ironically, while there are used in powers of 2, they are sold in multiples of 2. I suppose whoever set that up was scratching their head while holding an extra flip flop and figured they'd hang it up as well.

[@jackwall6512]

@@ptrinch it would be great for him to reply and acknowledge, but ya know....lots of comments.

[@Clearwater_WT]

The off by one error, happens a lot in real life (:P)

[@Peterb200295]

I can't get over the fact how he explained all this so well, made this little error and corrected it in the description and then calls himself an idiot. This dude is anything but an idiot

[@JoaoPedro-dx6pn]

I didnt even notice that

[@carlosdiniz6999]

I have been looking for an explanation of how quartz watches work for a long time. I am just a curious person with little knowledge of electronics. I have watched several videos that covered the subject, but only now have I found something that has really cleared up some of my doubts. I was unable to understand how flip-flops work, but now I am able to understand. Thank you very much. Your videos will contribute to the progress of science by teaching young people about the wonders of the world and the universe. Thank you very much for sharing your knowledge.

[@IMMORTALSYMPHONIES]

"If you let it vibrate then it will eventually die down" **actually waits to see the ruler stop vibrating**

[@H10933X]

Legend has it it is still vibrating and expected dead wud occur in 2090

[@harchan6274]

If there is no opposing or resistive force then it may continue

[@gewinnste]

This should be the benchmark for all purposes of teaching.

[@larjkok1184]

gewinnste What, painfully tedious?

[@QuickishFM]

@@larjkok1184 I found it tedious only because I already have the electronics knowledge of latches and FFs. However, for someone completely new to the field, its a nice explanation on the frequency division of a clock signal.

[@paulkazjack]

Kids ain't interested anymore they're more interested in I'm a celebrity or strictly or Britains got no talent.

[@myst5454]

paulkazjack You’re just as ignorant as the people you’re trying to describe.

[@gewinnste]

@@larjkok1184What would you have improved?

[@AthanCondax]

Was watching this video on my tv. I had to run upstairs and grab my phone just so I could write this comment. This is an EXCELLENT explanation. Great video, subscribed!

[@welingkartr416]

Fun and educational! One always knew that there was something ticking inside watches, but it was a mystery how quartz watches converted the vibrations into counting time. Thanks a lot!

[@IcyWingsLetsPlays]

Did you just use a chain of literal flip-flops to explain binary?

[@vipervidsgamingplus5723]

Yes he did, it is a bit easier for some to visualize than saying so this signal turns it to a one and then with the off signal a zero and goes on down the chain. Some people don’t pick up on stuff like that some do he just wanted people to learn and used the easiest way possible to explain it.

[@hectorcorona9536]

I have a better question: did he own for some reason 8 pairs of flip-flops or did he bought them for the demonstration only? And what happen to the extra flop?

[@eloyex]

hahahaha ..... unnecesary but funny !! this guy really push the enevlope !

[@elbarto8282]

No, he used a literal chain of literal flip-flops lmao

[@bryyytt]

analogy ❤️

[@精神科医生项硕]

Watching Steve's video esp the chain of flip-flops I also realized that the flip-flops themselves act as a sort of "digital counter" of the number of (1 over 32,767) seconds that has elapsed, and can actually be used directly as a sort of "time register" to tell the portion of one second in increments of (1 over 32,767) that has elapsed, which, when rounded to the nearest .001, could be used to count milliseconds.

[@精神科医生项硕]

@@clonefighter1996 You are more attuned to powers of two than I am. I can see you are a true computer/software engineer.

[@RobertLeeAtYT]

Sure. This way to chain FFs makes a "ripple counter". It works just fine but isn't done outside of hobbyist demos; it's got other issues.

[@granand]

I think that was what Steve said, otherwise, we need to use gears to drive the motion.Now use the output of relevant counter to LCD

[@klausbrinck2137]

Guess what, that´s exactly the way it´s done. many electronic watches have a chronometer which counts down to 1/100th of a second exact, and it does exactly that, since the 1980ies...

[@joshdaly2343]

​@@klausbrinck2137does this mean that each millisecond on a watch is actually a 1/1024th of a real second and then I guess it rounds the last one down to make a whole second?

[@thereprehensible435]

Explaining flip-flops with flip-flops. Subbed AF.

[@josimarsiete]

Todo claro, seriedad, claridad, profundidad. Muchas gracias

[@welshsteve2009]

I know how a 'flip-flop' circuit works, I've built a few... ...that chain of flip-flops though! I cant get the image out of my head, lol

[@allajunaki]

This is a counter circuit, if I’m not mistaken. This is how you count in binary 😉

[@welshsteve2009]

@@allajunaki Correct 😀

[@davedocgrander6209]

It's too funky n funny! Poetically PRICELESS humor,🤣 umm, unless you subscribe to the channel, but, as long as the original humor flows periodically, it's miniscule! LöL 😂 hahaha Hahhhhh Laughing is an XLNT form of healthy excercise that'll keep you young at ♥!

[@sethatkins3731]

laughs in binary

[@adoreslaurel]

Arr so you know that these "Flip Flops" are in actual fact THONGS. But i guess for decency purposes where you live they have to be re titled .

[@Rouverius]

"So, how DO you divide your time?" "With Poundland flip-flops obviously." Seriously, clever visualization. thanks!

[@domenicdefrancesco]

LMAO, I've never seen someone explain how a flip-flops works with flip flops. Good job.

[@DerpaD_]

He always seems so happy to explain these complicated processes. It’s so cool to see things like this.

[@kevinbrown2701]

He's a modern-day Johnny Ball!

[@falxonPSN]

As an Electrical Engineer, I have to salute the fact that you demonstrated flip flops using flip-flops. The idea would never have occurred to me, and it's GENIUS.

[@sensiblewheels]

This explaination where you answer every related question/concept with amazing methods is absolutely wonderful! Should have found this channel a long while ago. But fortunate I found it atlest now. Thanks for everything!

[@Stigstigster]

The man is a fantastic educator. His ability to convey concepts and facts is up there with the best. I feel the same in being fortunate to access these videos.

[@caniscerulean]

My favorite part of being late to find a channel is that I have their entire backlog to go through at my leisure. (Not) Having that leisure time is another problem entirely.

[@krenovaFromSG]

finally understood a little of the device i wear everyday! thanks steve.

[@valinhorn42]

It's amazing just how much technology is in flip flops.

[@wescobts]

I know i am waaay late to this video, but... what an awesome video. I understood the basics of a quartz watch, but this really cleaned up the details. I have always been a fan of quartz, and this video solidifies how so important they are to the industry. well done

[@rubenlarochelle1881]

1:46 Just take a moment to appreciate Steve arranged that thing for six seconds of footage of something to mention briefly only to say it wouldn't work on a ship.

[@cimachu]

"My bad you actually need 14 cuz this is 15 and i have one to many" actually has 16 flip flops

[@khazza930]

ah, thank you, i was gonna go crazy with this trying to figure out how 14!

[@andihartono92]

he just bought 8 pair of flipflops. so, he have 1spare why not just hang it all.😂

[@akashshukla7]

You need 15

[@enjerth78]

@@akashshukla7 The operation of the second hand is the 15th signal so you don't need the flipflop at that position, just directly power the stepper motor at that point.

[@corv882002]

@@andihartono92 because now his flip flop watch runs at 1 hour every 30 minutes

[@francisbakininthekitchen2441]

Watches are actually so high tech!! Its always crazy to me, imagining people in older times figuring this stuff out. Its mustve been so rewarding if test after test, their watch finally worked!

[@saiki4116]

Superb video. As an Electronics Engineer, I appreciate Digital watches just as much as mechanical watches. We did a mini project in College to create a digital LCD clock using 8051 Microcontroller.

[@TheGhjgjgjgjgjg]

"You know a pendulum swing takes one second" Actually I never thought about that before hahahaha

[@todabsolute]

This sounds like something my brother would sAY ALL THE F TIME

[@giahannguyen6939]

hahaha...*nervous laugh*

[@calinguga]

i maybe sense some misunderstanding - the pendulum's resonant frequency is dependent on its length and the gravity. you *know* the swing takes one second because you've *tuned* it as such, by adjusting the height of the weight (the large disc) at the end.

[@abdullahenaya]

Călin Guga Actually the weight doesn't matter in determining the frequency. But I guess it's used to lower the effect of drag

[@WilisL]

@@abdullahenaya You should read Calins reply again which is entirely correct.

[@siphil0]

This is such a great video. I knew that many processors use quartz to regulate their clock speeds, but I never knew how they worked.

[@amadeus8802]

Give this man a round of applause. He deserves way more subs.

[@joe-kl8ff]

wasnt even thinking about steve mould, i was just wondering how a quartz watch works and here steve mould is explaining it better than anyone thank you steve mould

[@therobot1080]

Wait, at the representation of flip flops that seems oddly like counting in binary

[@apfelkopf_7617]

That's right. You could also say that the flip-flop-chain "counts" to 32,768 before giving off a signal to the motor for the second indicator of the clock.

[@martinkuliza]

Do YA THINK ??? LOL

[@stacklysm]

I was thinking the same. Thats what happens when you watch a lot of Ben Eater

[@Theinatoriinator]

@@stacklysm literally what i was thinking i was like that looks a lot like when bean eater has leds counting in binary.

[@ornessarhithfaeron3576]

Yeah, you can pretty much do that with flip flops. I had an electronics project that included this, last semester

[@SebastianHasch]

How to build a T-Flipflop Minecraft 2019

[@alexa.davronov1537]

It's easy actually. Much harder to build 16 bit ALU. And even more: 16 bit CPU.

[@SebastianHasch]

@Βασίλειος Μπεσλεμές Jeah man

[@alexa.davronov1537]

@Βασίλειος Μπεσλεμές What the software have you used to do that? It must be really buggy.

[@zerid0]

That feel when you know what a flip flop is thanks to Minecraft's redstone :D

[@chrisakaschulbus4903]

i actually build a chain of them as a simple binary counter and didn't even knew that this was used in clocks :D

[@utahnl]

I once built a digital clock in minecraft using a 15 second timer, ripple adders and bcd's, to my surprise it only deviated about 4 minutes per day.

[@sethatkins3731]

dont mind me, just liking a relatable comment

[@petersmith1190]

The amount of flipflops you bought for a single gag is amazing x

[@motazfawzi2504]

He would wear them in succession for the rest of his life.

[@SternLX]

$1 per pair at the 99Cent store. :)

[@KaityKat117]

@@SternLX interesting that there's a store of that type in Europe that accepts American currency.

[@RAndrewNeal]

I realized before the animation started playing, that your chain of flip flops is naturally a binary counter. That's pretty cool. So every time it counts to 32,768, it ticks and resets.

[@imthirun]

Holy shit! the best explanation I've ever heard of anything on the internet. You sir, got a subscriber today.

[@samkaffinsky]

I came to this video to see if my clock had a small quartz crystal, of a disc or a cube, didn't expect it to be in the shapa of a tiny tuning fork, thank you steve!

[@ookjannesplanting1296]

I had no idea such advanced and precise technology went into a device that's so common nowadays, great explanation with impeccable humour!

[@squidwardo7074]

It just makes me think that if society collapsed we would be so screwed

[@96Houndoom]

My 400 level cs class prof: does your code work? Me: yes, but once in a while it's off by 1 idk why Prof: it happens, full points

[@JimBobe]

Do you go to ucf?

[@VaalkinTheOnly]

It's always been fascinating to me how Quartz Crystals are so important for digital timing circuits

[@lambertovitali3152]

When I was 11 my friend found a rock with quartz in it and thought he'd become a millionaire.

[@smears6039]

It could be any crystal really but quartz is just the most abundant

[@catalintimofti1117]

​@@smears6039 we mostly make it in labs these days

[@richardcommins4926]

My calculations are 60 sec/min * 60 sec/hr * 24 hrs/day = 86,400 seconds per day. So if the crystal is tuned to 32,767.5 cycles per second that says it is off by 1/2 cycle per second or 32,768 / 32,767.5 * 100 -1 = 0.0015% per day. That means it be slow by 86,400 * 0.0015% = 1.32 seconds per day. Even if turned to 32,767.9 cycles, it would still be slow my 0.26 seconds per day. The temperature coefficient of quartz is about 0.0018% per degree C. The accuracy of a quartz crystal watch depends on the tuning accuracy of the crystal and the temperature of the watch. So 1 second a day would be a very conservative number of seconds lost per day if worn on the wrist and I think that 0.5 seconds a day loss would be a reasonable goal to shoot for if wrist worn.

[@cogoid]

It is not quite that simple. There is an extra level of magic in how exactly the quartz resonator is cut from the crystal. Differently oriented with respect to crystallographic axes cuts have different thermal coefficients. Tuning fork resonators are typically cut to have zero coefficient at 25C, and the coefficient stays very, very low in a reasonable range of temperatures. (The frequency changes by 40 parts per billion per degree squared.)

[@Frikzter]

His face constantly looks like he's cracking a joke!

[@-na-nomad6247]

Because he is !

[@rhyswilliams4893]

Looks like a red eye jedi

[@TheGuccibane]

That's what passion in your work looks like

[@luckyphrampus4803]

Ha ha totally does

[@SamanRex]

So does Destin's

[@jordanwhitecar1982]

8:51 "you dont want a watch people can hear" meanwhile, i was googleing more about that 360hz watch from earlier cuz i want one.....

[@clearwavepro100]

Great video. I always like to tell people who love crystals about how many machines rely on crystals to work properly. It usually makes them really happy to hear.

[@thivyanmu]

You're an amazing teacher Steve. Your passion for science is inspiring. Thanks a lot for spreading knowledge :)

[@brianbb177]

i got really into clocks and did tons of research a while back. Never seen a video that explains it so well. GREAT JOB

[@JadeMonkee]

RIP Pebble. They were the best. Still haven't found a replacement that is its equal.

[@maskedmarvyl4774]

This was an excellent explanation of how crystal resonance combined with digital logic gates are used to control digital watches and keep accurate time.

[@noelaruldas1152]

Still quartz clocks have gears to drive the hands of the clock and the gear train mechanism follows the method of 60 : 12 : 1 gear train of some spring driven balance wheel clock or watch with centre second. The first wheel turns one full round in a second and drives the centre second wheel thus it works in the principle of escapement wheel of the spring driven clock. The centre second wheel makes one complete turn in a second to drive the centre second; third wheel transfers motion from centre second wheel to centre wheel of cannon pinion which carries minute hand and makes one full round in an hour; the minute wheel transfers motion from canon pinion to hour wheel and the causes the hour wheel to make one complete turn in 12 hours. Thus the gear train works in the same priciple of reverse of energy from escapement wheel to great wheel (wheel of mainspring barrel) in spring driven clock. The anchor shaped lever, pallet fork, pawl and pendulum or balance wheel are replaced by small peizo electric motor (which is composed of components like electronic circuit board of resistors, transistors, capacitors, tuning fork shaped quartz crystal resonator sealed in small cylindrical metal container, 15 flip flop circuits, micro processor chip, solenoid coil and rotor sprocket) and great wheel of mainspring is replaced by positive and negative terminals and winding is replaced by battery. In spring driven clocks the great wheel of mainspring barrel is counted as first wheel and escapement wheel is counted as last wheel of the gear train because forwarding mechanical energy from main spring to escapement and reversing mechanical energy from escapement wheel to great wheel repeats again and again to keep the clock functioning for days. In which forwarding of energy causes the pendulum or balance wheel to oscillate continuously for days and reversing of energy causes driving the hands of the clock in spring driven clocks. The replacement of anchor shaped lever, pallet fork, pawl and pendulum or balance wheel by peizo electric motor and replacement of great wheel, spring barrel and winding by battery causes the same method of reversing motion from escapement wheel to centre wheels and transfer wheels of seconds, hours and minutes to follow the same method of 60 : 12 : 1 gear train of spring driven clock. So in quartz clock the escapement wheel is counted as first wheel.

[@LegacyFTW]

I absolutely love how you actually used a chain of flip-flops to give a visualization 😂

[@sizor3ds]

Rip pebble. My favorite watch brand

[@kyle4493]

No way man they sold out to Fitbit, right after I spent $100. I hope they aren't in piece and feel like shit. But it was a good watch.

[@robspiess]

@@kyle4493 No, they went out of business. And, instead of just closing their doors and screwing over all the people on KickStarter who donated money for a new model (and putting their employees out of a job), they sold some assets and used that money to refund all the KickStarter pledges. And in the deal, some of the employees got to keep their jobs by working for FitBit. The owner of Pebble, Eric Migicovsky, did not make a dime on the sale and did as much as he could to not screw everyone over and he should be praised for it.

[@navneet7075]

Your flip flop example was great man... greater than example of my college professor....😁😁😁

[@harlech2]

My father bought his first Accutron in Japan when he was in the Navy in the mid 50's. He told me about the "buzzing' sound when I was small but I memory holed it. He wore them his entire life until he died. The night he died I had his watch on when I left the hospital, and heard that tuning fork.

[@MarioLopez-ml8uw]

My resolution for this month: I'm going to keep watching this channel UNTIL I understand what he's talking about. He's very clever. thanks.

[@christopherg2347]

13:50 "The two hardest things in programming is naming things, cache invalidations and off-by-one errors." 15:45 Yeah, it is one of those things you only learn when it becomes an issue. It is particulary noticeable with a dead BIOS battery. As the clock resets to manufacturing year you often got years discrepancy to today, wich means most security certificates you find will start in the future. But I have seen less severe missmatches cause issues. It does not need to be perfectly synchronous (it think ~1.5 Minutes is okay), but both sides need to roughly agree what Time it is.

[@johnniewalker39]

This is one of the most informative, interesting AND relaxing video i've watched in a long time! I will _watch_ it again ;-)

[@jwc4520]

Having studied electronics in the dark ages, shop class built a digital clock, which used the 60 cycle, current instead of a crystal, and Fairchild gates flip-flops so forth, nice tube drivers, and drew enough power to run a toaster. Also made a good room heater shoe box in size. A crystal time base was constructed , but doubt it was ever installed, schools dropped such classes, shame . Anyhow that was a lifetime ago ...explaining a flip-flop... take care and thanks for the trip to the distant pass. Oh yes I forgot, when timex came out with ac10 dollar digital watch , I bought two, one to wear and one to take apart. Had to see the great advancements.

[@karhukivi]

My guess is that household devices like washing machines use the 60hz cycle to determine if they are outside the warranty period, then they can be failed automatically! Another good reason to disconnect such devices when not in use.