FIBA Rules Explained: Traveling

Art. 25 Traveling: This video looks at the allowance of steps when you are stationary or moving. How the 0-1-2 rule works which mimics the NBA's step allowance for players. We also look at the pivot foot, how to determine your pivot foot and what you are permitted to do. Special situations, decision making and advantage/disadvantage will be touched upon.
Video Breakdown
0:15 Traveling Overview
1:17 Special Situations
5:00 Pivot Foot
8:06 Pivot foot on progression (0-1-2)
11:48 Film Room Session
11:52 Make the Decision
15:05 Advantage/Disadvantage
Have a question? A video you want to see? Leave a comment!
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Outro: • Video
User: Professional Cipher

[@youtubefun7741]

Very good information , great video

[@user-kp7ls7ml1h]

this is the greatest video explain about traveling ! ty !

[@ManhNguyen-pi8zq]

so touching for an excellent video

[@justinreed5534]

This was awesome!

[@Azn.P3rsuasian]

10:36 if you pause it, he has his right foot down (0 step) and the ball in one hand and drags it up his body. as soon as it touched his body his dribble ended. You can have control of the ball with one hand and you can end your dribble with one hand like this clip. left foot, hop onto two feet. - If a player jumps off one foot on the first step (check) he may land with both feet simultaneously for the second step (check). In this situation, the player may not pivot with either foot. (violation). If one foot or both feet then leave the floor, no foot may return to the floor before the ball is released from the hands. (violation) Also at 9:06 pivot foot lifted and ball is still in hands.

[@petermuller7079]

Great video!! Thanks - you're my number 1 ressource (after the rule book itself ;-) ) for understanding the rules. I think your (verbal!) explaination of the situation when both players have their hands on the ball leaves some room for misunderstanding. You say: (4:04) : "... and we go ALL THE WAY UP and all the way down..." and (4:33): "... both players have the hand on the ball FROM THE START of the jump to the end of the jump..." (4:33) -> This suggests, that if the defender starts holding the ball only at the highest point (or if he interrupts his contact in the air) it wouldn't be a jump ball (since he didn't touched it all the way up/from the start). As of my understanding the crucial point is 'landing with holduing the ball': If in this situation a) BOTH players are holding the ball -> jump ball b) only the player (that started the jump with the ball in his hands) is holding the ball -> travel Or am i wrong?

[@refereeuniversity]

Great question! And thanks for the support! Yes, that is a way more clear way of stating it. You are correct, if A occurs = Jump ball, if B occurs = Travel.

[@vasiljambazov]

Just want to add that 14:21 in most cases is not a travel, because new interpratations of the rule say the release of the ball starts when the player stop handling it with both hands or the ball is not under his/her hand. In the exact case the dribble movement has started not when the ball stoped touching the player's hand but when she released it with both hands.

[@3serio]

Is that the case for the NBA, FIBA, or both?

[@curt225]

Really amazing video. 10:30 - 11:00 really great comparisons, I think you could have bridged two more examples between them just because they are so different. 10:34 as you said zero + 1 (hop step counted as one since landing simultaneously) + 2 (pivot) 10:46 as you said zero + 1 + 2 (hop step) therefore no pivot allowed. I think that in the second example, at the player's last dribble on his left foot he begins to gather the ball with his right hand which in some people's eyes may be considered his zero step...now we get into an argument about NBA vs FIBA vs ncaa vs high school but I do agree with you that his "four steps" are legal, not a travel, but I do think that 60%+ of referees at sub-NBA levels will call it a travel just because a)he performs this gather relatively slowly and b)we do not see a lot of players in this generation performing the 1+ hop (landing simultaneously) step move and now we are adding the "gather step" to it. There will be some people saying 4 steps, some saying 3, and the right ones saying 0 + 2 lol If we consider two more examples to bridge these, we can see the range of possibilities of legal footwork maximizing steps, the most extreme case being the one you presented at 10:46: 1 adding on to first example- +additional gather step (zero) + hop step(1) + pivot (2) if the guy didnt man handle the ball one hand against his body first step and instead slightly handles it he could add an extra step basically 2-running step (step 1 off one foot) + hop step (2) therefore no pivot allowed this is removing the first step from the second example, I think it would "appear" legal, I'm only suggesting it so that we first understand that a hop step as a 2nd step is legal except that we cannot pivot. Really great content I think there are still too many grey areas in the rules so kudos to you for contacting fiba regarding the wording

[@curt225]

I think that when I said "gather step", I really meant a "not-yet-gathered-so-do-not-count-it-step" I mean Giannis and all nba players nowadays seem to have mastered keeping one hand on top/side of the ball as to not yet be considered their zero step....which is ridiculous when we see the size of their hands haha. Even today seeing Paul George game-tying shot against the mavs, he bobbles the ball (on purpose?) as to get a "legal" 4 steps that really was a travel but in the end is in the eye of the beholder.

[@refereeuniversity]

I completely agree with you! Thank you for the great feedback! A couple of months after completion of the video, there were other examples I could have included to make it more clear. There are plenty of grey and probably will never be perfect writings of the rule but I feel like some changes should occur. Apologize for the delay in response, I am also full time teacher and only had time now to respond :)

[@refereeuniversity]

NBA players have really extended the application/wording of the rule to their advantage (James Harden Step Backs) which make it difficult to guard. Those rules probably will not change since the NBA appreciates more of an offensive catered game.

[@_lorenzomugani_3607]

Great video

[@pokemonjtst2226]

Good info

[@CrazyPicklersgaming]

Looks good

[@MrCrimsonshadow]

More people need to see this

[@_JellyDonut_]

I'm still trying to wrap my head around your video showing how the step through move is not a travel. I definitely agree with you, I just can't believe I misunderstood that rule for so many years! My question is can you always lift your pivot foot to shoot or pass? Let's say you have the ball on the wing. You're jab stepping with your right foot so you have established your left as your pivot foot. Can you plant your right foot, lifting your left, and shoot a one-footed fall away jumper without dribbling? Dirk would use a move like that sometimes but it seems like he would usually take a quick dribble. I feel like you'll probably get called for it in a pickup or rec league game but technically isn't that legal? Keep up the good work!

[@refereeuniversity]

You can always lift the pivot to shoot or pass. Provided are two different videos of actions you see every now and then. First is the classic off the backboard pass to self. kzbin.info/www/bejne/l4qVZYavodyghLM Lebron lifts his pivot and jumps off the other foot to throw it off the backboard. Second video is demonstrating exactly what you said about Dirk Nowitzki kzbin.info/www/bejne/a4nVk35_mceZZtE where Dirk spins off his right foot pivot and shoots off the left foot. There is also Kareem doing it here twitter.com/Joe70524663/status/1213508933387730945?s=20 . Just different scenarios of jumping off the other foot. The way I look at it is that mostly every layup requires you to hoop off your pivot foot (unless goofy foot layup= Steve Nash). If you were to come to a stop in transition, you would have a pivot foot and a foot to jab with. If you do not come to a stop, you have the 0 (gather), 1 step (pivot) and 2 step (jab step) to shoot the layup with. If we could not step off our pivot foot to pass or shoot, then technically any layups that do not occur right of the catch and 1 step are travels. Does that make sense? Great questions though!

[@Ruatsanga13]

Im am so lucky to find this video and comment.... This exact situation has been on my mind the last few days.... I have to agree with you... One question I have based on this is that if I get the ball somehwere in the low post on the left side and somehow make a fake spin towards the baseline right after catching it, thereby my right foot becomes the pivot, and then somehow make a step through where i jumped off my right foot(pivot) covering a significant distance and landed on my left foot and shoot/pass the ball off the left foot before my right/pivot foot touches the floor without taking any dribble, is it technically legal??

[@refereeuniversity]

If you jumped or leaped off your pivot foot then you would have to pass or shoot before you came to the ground. The rule allows you to step off a pivot foot (step through action) but not jump or leap. So in the case, it would be illegal. The only issue is the jump that covers significant distance. Great question though!

[@franckylibbrecht6103]

When you do a lay up, you lift the pivot. Same rule.

[@daltongiddings2771]

If you break down a basic two step layup it’s picking up your pivot foot. Same idea for a step through.

[@yurahfn3258]

25.2.1 “To pass or shoot for a field goal, the player may jump off a pivot foot but NEITHER foot may be returned to the floor before the ball is released from the hand(s)” Candace Parker fucked up because when she stepped off her pivot foot she still had the ball in her hands and her other foot was on the ground making it a travel. Thank you have a great day.

[@sanjaylawson6666]

Wtf this sport only getting more lame

[@aek21ellas]

Great video man. But i think the #2 clip at 12:10 is not a travel. The rule says " the player may not touch the floor consequently with the same foot or both feet AFTER ending his dribble or gaining control of the ball". The first "right step" was on the dribble.

[@refereeuniversity]

Great observation, I would argue that his first right step would be the gaining control of the ball = gather step = zero step

[@wontonna7006]

Thanks for the vid. Question: don't you think that it's a travel before dribbling the ball at 13:15?

[@refereeuniversity]

By the rule, yes. But then you would enter the philosophy at higher levels: Do we need that call and was anything gained on the slight travel? Which is why it was ignored.

[@egrassa1480]

​@@refereeuniversityyes, every travel should be called. You dont know what advantage it would give in the next few seconds, it's in the rulebook

[@amawiakawlni1157]

👏👍

[@joemonture5200]

Can you master you're levels so I don't wake up my family? Great work on diving into the nuance tho. Cheers

[@refereeuniversity]

I was confused at first then I figured out what you meant and it had me dying LOL I have changed the levels in future ones.

[@a0er1]

5:45The pivotfoot can come up, as long as you pass or shoot the ball before the pivotfoot touches the court again! At least on Fiba rules. Read fiba rulebook article 25c.

[@492lautaro]

cant find anything about this 25c article care to send a link please?

[@csuszi11]

And this is in the video if you could care continue to watch… 7 min 10 seconds

[@492lautaro]

@@csuszi11 yes but once you lift the pivot foot you cant put down either foot in the floor thus meaning you cant have your pivot foot lifted and non pivot foot in contact with the floor there is a diference with what appears in the video and what he is saying

[@492lautaro]

you may jump off your pivot foot or both at the same time you may not lift the pivot foot and then jump off your non pivot foot, at least that is what i make sense off after reading the rules

[@a0er1]

@@492lautaro That is just not true. The rules are the way i explained it.

[@abhimanyuphogat9638]

Sir if my gather step (0 step)is right then I hop or jump stop right,left is it travel due to right right left or is it legal and my right leg is pivot. (Not sure if both feet should land simultaneously or it's ok to land otherwise)

[@refereeuniversity]

It is illegal due to the right foot touching the ground twice consecutively. What would make it legal: Gather step on right foot and either A) Land with both feet simultaneously or B) Land your hop/jump stop Left-Right. Hope that helps!

[@coachbala2380]

Thanks for your concern sir. Actually i made a video on this 0 1 2 step but many says it's a violation. I need your comments on that. Kindly guide me through this.

[@refereeuniversity]

I have seen it. This video talks about it: kzbin.info/www/bejne/mKuqgWCmoLqDo6c. Those cover my thoughts on the moves.

[@oliverstigley]

Thank you for this resource. I'm confused about "if, after receiving the ball, a player shall release the ball to start their dribble before their second step." Does this mean you cannot catch the ball in motion(one foot on the floor - zero), take one and two steps, and start the dribble on the 2nd step? What would this look like?

[@rodneyspecial7231]

What it’s saying is that if you catch the ball with one foot on the ground, you must start dribbling the ball before u can lift up your pivot foot

[@refereeuniversity]

You have your gather step, then your first step (pivot) then second step. It states to release the ball for the dribble before you take your second step (which would be leaving your pivot foot)

[@user-em8fq2ev4b]

what does it mean for the ball to be released for a dribble to "start" before my 2nd feet is lifted? If the ball is on it's downward motion to be dribbled, but still in contact with my hand, is it "released" or is it a travel?

[@refereeuniversity]

Great question, ball has to be no longer in contact with your hand.

[@user-ig7uz8ze3k]

HI! I have another question. It's about there's subtle difference between "• A player who catches the ball while standing with both feet on the floor: " and "• A player who catches the ball while he is progressing, or upon completion of a dribble, may take two steps in coming to a stop, passing or shooting the ball: " According to the fiba rule, "• A player who catches the ball while standing with both feet on the floor: " cannot take 2nd step after lifting pivot foot because "To pass or shoot for a field goal, the player may jump off a pivot foot, but neither foot may be returned to the floor before the ball is released from the hand(s)." So, "A player who catches the ball while standing with both feet on the floor" can jump with his pivot foot. But then neither foot may be returned including his non-pivot foot. But "• A player who catches the ball while he is progressing, or upon completion of a dribble, may take two steps in coming to a stop, passing or shooting the ball: " can take 2nd step as non-pivot foot after lifting pivot foot For example, A player catches a ball while he is on air and then lands with both feet. unlikely the former, he can pivot and then jump with his pivot foot and then land with his non-pivot foot and then shoot or pass. I see both situation is same because he can shoot or pass before his pivot foot is returned. But rule book say the player with both foot on floor cannot return with his non-pivot foot. I can accept it but not convinced. This is not like with NBA rule. in NBA, "If a player, with the ball in his possession, raises his pivot foot off the floor, he must pass or shoot before his pivot foot returns to the floor. If he drops the ball while in the air, he may not be the first to touch the ball." it's just same situation catching a ball when both feet is on floor and landing with both feet in NBA

[@refereeuniversity]

I agree, FIBA should change the wording on a stationary's players allowance with the pivot foot to be consistent with their gameplay and the NBA (example: A step through)

[@user-ig7uz8ze3k]

@@refereeuniversity Thank you. I though i was wrong seeing that statement. But as you said, i accepte it. i have another question about '▬ If the player who comes to a stop on his first step has both feet on the floor or they touch the floor simultaneously, he may pivot using either foot as his pivot foot. If he then jumps with both feet, no foot may return to the floor before the ball is released from the hand(s)' in this case(both feet as 1st step. legal stop), if he jumps with his pivot foot, Can he lands with both feet as 2nd step? this must be travelling in NBA but i cannot be sure in FIBA

[@tripleraze321]

It’s really difficult in real time and momentum because what classifies as establishing control? James harden will keep one hand on the ball without it palming and he will take 2-3 steps to reach a point of “gaining control” of the ball. At this zero step moment he has already walked 9 ft. Then he takes 2 more steps. The interpretation of when gaining control of the basketball occurs is killing consistency.

[@SavivaldybiuLyga]

In my opinion this additional stel rule "gather step" is ruining the game.

[@zhihaoguo1489]

Hi ref just wanna ask this: when I do a layup, is it a travel if I jump off the first foot then land the second foot and then jump off with the second foot? I think it is right?

[@zhihaoguo1489]

Means there is a short period of time that both feet are in the air.

[@refereeuniversity]

@@zhihaoguo1489 I assume you are referring to the moves done in this video: kzbin.info/www/bejne/mKuqgWCmoLqDo6c&ab_channel=RefereeUniversity

[@nanhu4254]

When you catch the ball while both feet on the floor, then move left foot (right foot becomes pivot), can you then lift right foot, while keep the left foot on the floor and shoot/pass (before right foot returns to the floor)

[@nanhu4254]

I’m asking this because this situation: say I’m standing on the court, then catch the ball. I do one jab with my left foot (right becomes pivot). Then I lean to the left and lift right foot (while my left foot still on the floor), and jump off with left leg and shoot. This sounds really illegal, but is it allowed?

[@refereeuniversity]

It is allowed, similar concept to a step through move and it's how we shoot layups. Completely legal and the following two videos can explain more :) kzbin.info/www/bejne/ol6nqWCwnM-msLc&ab_channel=RefereeUniversity kzbin.info/www/bejne/rHTFcqemi7OroNk&ab_channel=RefereeUniversity

[@ericjohannsen6307]

I have been doing some more digging into the travel rules. You mention at 8:55 that we should change "first step" to "zero step" where the rule states that the first step occurs when one or both feet touch the floor after gaining control of the ball. However, that wording still stands, and I think makes sense since the first step does occur AFTER gaining control, i.e. the zero step is when control is gained. On a catch in the air, I wondered if the landing would be step 0 or step 1, and other references confirm it would be step 1 (in effect you don't gain a step by catching in the air), e.g. see 1) the discussion of jump stops at kzbin.info/www/bejne/jIXHk5Vnd857r7s, 2) the Klay Thompson and Rudy Gobert travels in the first video on this NBA rules page, official.nba.com/video-traveling-and-the-gather/ (and if Thompson had caught the ball in the air).

[@refereeuniversity]

2:01 of the first NBA video tackles a catch in the air which allows a 0-1-2. Ball just needs to leave hand on dribble before second foot comes down. The only time I would imagine an in the air catch that would not allow 0-1-2 is a stationary hop catch because they start stationary and come to a stop. Doug is on the move prior and after the catch allowing a 0-1-2. Does that make sense? You bring up a very valid point. I had this discussion before with my colleagues and I am trying to remember the whole discussion. What I do remember and my own thought on it is that the word control should probably be changed to gathered. Someone dribbling has team and player control of the ball so when the first step occurs after gaining control, the player has control. It is only on catches that the control would can be fitting. Naturally, the rule book cannot be interpreted solely black and white (as seen in my other videos) and no wording written will make it crystal clear. I believe my argument was that when players are running, most of the time on catches, both feet tend to be in the air. They attain possession then step to the ground which by the written rule would be a control in the air and mean the 0 step could not occur. Similar to what Doug M. did in the NBA video. I would prefer that they would put zero step in the rule book as gaining control or gathering the ball. That would cover all scenarios of progression from jump catches, to moving catches to a catch with a foot on the ground. Good news is that these videos cover those actions way better than most written rules and that is one of the reasons why I started this channel. Sorry for the long reply and if I missed anything. A lot harder to write out thoughts and examples opposed to voice convos with visuals to show.

[@ericjohannsen6307]

Thanks for pointing out the Doug M. example, which seems to show a 0-1 situation when catching in the air and landing on one foot, but I don't see how it is different from the Rudy G. travel at 6:38, which is shown as a 1-2. I also note the comment at 5:50 that Klay T. would have travelled even if he had caught the ball in the air, since there were still 3 steps (i.e. no 0-1-2 allowed).

[@refereeuniversity]

@@ericjohannsen6307 I wish these comments would allow picture responses. I believe the issue is the differences on interpretations of when a player gathered the ball. I have a screenshot at 6:16 that shows Bacon with control of the ball with both feet of the ground (As most running has both feet of the ground at times) yet the video deemed it when his foot was down. Which is contrary to the Klay video. If you compare when they deemed Klay to have it then Bacon's catch should have been with both feet off the ground making it illegal. The issue with Doug is he catches in the air, lands 1-2 and lifts the 1st step before the ball has left his hands. That should be a travel violation but the video does not state it was. Pivot foot came up prior to ball being released from hands on a dribble= illegal. My issue with it is that it now creates a lot of confusion because I have seen the video debate when control is attained and have examples that conflict. My opinion is the solution should be how I would like the rule to be changed. That control should be switched to a gather. Gathering works perfectly for scenarios with or without the ball. When you jump catch, you gathered on the catch with both feet off the ground. When you are running, the first foot down would be a gather. Lastly, you were completely right. Both feet off the ground are a 0 step which FIBA should have released a video entailing that. Out of all the resources I looked at, none spoke of that from my knowledge. The videos just show the first step to hit the ground on control is your zero step. That could be why the other FIBA travelling videos you find on youtube have the 0-1-2 being allowed even with both feet off the floor.

[@ericjohannsen6307]

Thanks again for looking at this. Unlike FIBA, the NBA Definitions section of the rules includes a definition of "The Gather", although I'm not sure it gets us very far. Also, I think the Doug M. situation is a movement category, so if the footwork is 1-2 (and not 0-1) then he would have to release the ball before step 2 is down (which he doesn't do). The whole point of a gather step is to avoid awkward situations where a player has to release the ball too quickly, which is why I think the Doug M. situation looks legit.

[@refereeuniversity]

I completely agree with you. I believe FIBA just alludes to act of shooting for their "Gather" definition. NBA goes more in depth on definitions and provides specific video content which I like. I agree it prevents awkward situations, I just prefer that if we are splitting hairs, it is consistent throughout their video.

[@ericjohannsen6307]

You mention that on a 0-1-2 stop, a dribble has to be initiated before the pivot foot (step 1) is lifted. If I gather on one foot and hop to a jump stop, is that ever considered to be a stop, or is it always a movement category where I can initiate a dribble so long as it is just before a step 2?

[@refereeuniversity]

If I interpreted what you said correctly, a jump stop would be considered a stop. The jump stop would be both feet simultaneously hitting the floor at the same time.

[@ericjohannsen6307]

Makes sense, thanks. The situation comes up at 4:14 of the traveling rules video kzbin.info/www/bejne/nWipamRjeLhrqKM. I take it a "stop" is anytime both feet are on the floor at the same time, e.g., if I curl a pin-down and catch 1-2 inside-outside, the inside foot is my pivot foot, it's not a 0-1 situation?

[@refereeuniversity]

You can come to a stop on one foot but in the case you are talking about, if they are curling for the 1-2 catch, they are stopping their progression. In order for them to use the 0-1-2, they have to continue using their forward motion. Does that make sense? Yes your inside would be the pivot because you are coming to a stop.

[@user-ig7uz8ze3k]

10:47 he hold the ball while both foot is on air. So he lands with one foot as pivot foot on right foot. i think this is not right example. could you help me?

[@refereeuniversity]

It all depends on when they deem your dribble has ended. In that video, the ball was gathered/ended when the right foot came down. It is up to referee interpretation but when it is this close, they usually just deemed the gather on the foot that hits first. Great question!

[@aleroznakoz6860]

Didnt understant if when doing a step trough you can lift your pivot foot like you are doing your normal two steps finishing with one leg up.

[@refereeuniversity]

yup, legal

[@schneckeimschlamm1390]

so you can jab step if the ball leaves your hand befor the pivit foot leaves the ground right?

[@refereeuniversity]

yes

[@JamesMeyerMusic]

Is it a travel if you get blocked while going up, the ball falls out of your hands (maybe hits your chest)but you catch It as you land? Also can you dribble again after that? Does the block count as possession change?

[@refereeuniversity]

Not a travel and yes you would be able to dribble again, in that scenario, you lost control of the ball since the defender touched it and it left your hands

[@liamgeorge2164]

Hey this is Liam from TA!

[@refereeuniversity]

Hey Liam, thanks for finding our channel! If you have any questions, feel free to message us or check out a video for a rule explanation!

[@mikemurray6544]

Steps do not "have to alternate". 11.30 is legal as he has not "touched the floor consecutively with the same foot AFTER ending his dribble or gaining control of the ball". AFTER "ending his dribble" his right foot only touches once. The previous right foot touch is BEFORE he ends his dribble. This is exactly the same as taking off on the left and grabbing (controlling the ball) in the air for a rebound and then landing left foot again. The second touch of the left is AFTER gaining control of the ball. Both scenarios happen all the time and are actually taught by good coaches!

[@refereeuniversity]

Great comment, these educated responses always has me double checking my work in case of error. The 11:30 mark of the video is pulled directly from an NBA Referee Development and Operations segment where they explain it being a travel due to the same consecutive foot touching. The wording does make it appear legal but that is not the intention/interpretation of it. The player did touch the floor consecutively with the same foot after ending his dribble. The rule is implying that after you gain control (gather step) any step after cannot be the same foot in consecutive fashion. If the rule was to state that after ending a dribble, a player cannot touch the floor twice with the same foot consecutively, then it would specify that exact scenario. The wording currently includes the gather step in its rule of not being able to step consecutively. I completely understand your argument and it is hard to explain the interpretation they are trying to convey with the wording but after looking at FIBA and NBA resources, they both include the gather step.

[@sreetamdas7140]

What does upon completion of a dribble mean?? Suppose I am standing stationary and dribbling at one position. So can I suddenly gather the ball by lifting one of my foot (0 step) and take 1-2 steps or I have to be in motion then only 0-1-2 steps can be applied?

[@refereeuniversity]

This video explains end of dribble: kzbin.info/www/bejne/nXS0ZnWnp6ZpaZo. You have to be progressing for 0-1-2 to apply so if you are standing in position, lift your leg and then proceed to take your steps, it would most likely be illegal due to when you lift your leg stationary, your foot that is down is now your pivot foot and you would only be allowed to step off of it.

[@sreetamdas7140]

@@refereeuniversity I have some queries related to starting the dribble after jump stop. Just validate if I am correct or not in all the scenarios... 1. I receive the ball with one foot on ground. Then I jump off that foot immediately to land on both feet simultaneously. So I can 'pivot any foot' and after that I can 'start the dribble'. 2. I receive the ball with one foot on ground. But I pause there for 2-3 seconds and then jump off that foot to land on both feet simultaneously. Here, I am 'not allowed to pivot any foot' but yes I can 'start to dribble by first releasing the ball from my hand' and then only I am allowed to lift off any of my foot. 3. I receive the ball when both of my feet are off the ground. At first I land on one foot (here I may pause or may not pause) and then jump off that foot to land on both feet simultaneously... OR... During progression, I receive the ball with one foot (0-step) on ground, then jump off the other foot (1-step) to land on both feet simultaneously (2-step). So in both cases, I am 'not allowed to pivot any foot' but yes I can 'start to dribble by first releasing the ball from hand' and then only I am allowed to lift off any of my foot. 4. I end my dribble with one foot on ground. Then I pause for 2-3 seconds and then jump off that foot to land on both feet simultaneously. Now, I 'cannot pivot any foot' and I can just 'pass/shoot'.

[@refereeuniversity]

​@@sreetamdas7140 1. Yes, you can dribble. You can pivot provided it was in progression. If you were to be standing still, catch the ball with one foot down then hop, I would interpret you have control on the catch while standing on one leg (deeming it your 1st step) and when you hop, you would not be allowed to pivot. However, if you are in motion and catch it with one leg in contact with the ground then you would have that ability. 2. And I answered this in your first question :) Yes that is correct. 3. Yes, you are correct! 4. Yes, Correct again! You are right in every situation! Good job!

[@sreetamdas7140]

@@refereeuniversity Thanks mate... :)

[@angrydinosaur8plus9]

16:02 catches in air, to me, exactly like 10:47, but 10:47 you give it 0-1-2, whereas 16:02 you give just 1-2. Why the difference? 13:08 you marked her left foot as 0, but it took a L to L hop (L-0 L-1 R-2 L-3 travel)

[@gemstar77]

10:47 should have delayed the catch more because you are correct. Control was received in the air. At that time, there was a lot of confusing on catching in the air on gather if it is a zero or the first step but it has been clarified and you are correct. As for 13:08 technically a L to L is a travel. This video was directly taken from the FIBA education video and I believe this is an instance where they ignored the minor movement of the foot.

[@zacharyheilig4722]

They way interpret the rule, about not having the same foot consecutively does that count if the first right step is a gather step

[@gemstar77]

Zachary Heilig yes, sorry I did not see this comment earlier. It is illegal. As soon as the gather starts, you can no longer touch the floor with the same foot or both feet consecutively

[@refereeuniversity]

Gemstar is correct.

[@unskeptable]

According to FIBA is it legal to lift your pivot and shoot with you other foot on the ground? Like a step through up and under move?

[@refereeuniversity]

From the writing of the rule, it does give that interpretation. I had the same concern and let those that write the rules know that information. They said you are allowed to step through and the rule is not written perfectly. I definitely understand why there is confusion.

[@Stxdz]

So recently Steve Adams got the ball which diving for the ball and he got up and dribble Is that legal?

[@refereeuniversity]

Legal in FIBA. In this video it is talked about at the 1:23 mark. NBA rule book does not seem to touch upon it. My interpretation: Player is allowed to fall and gain possession. Pivot would be his butt so he is allowed to sit up and since he started his dribble, his pivot (butt) is allowed to be lifted.

[@JareBareXP]

@ 13:50, would you even call that? Since she was in the process of the dribble? Or is the problem that she took advantage of having 100% control and trucked the other girl? It just seams extra without the knockdown.

[@refereeuniversity]

It is not a foul that is being called, the issue is the pivot foot being lifted before the ball being released from the hand. You can only step off the pivot foot for a shot or pass after, but not to start a dribble

[@malasc12]

@@refereeuniversity isn't releasing the ball mean it's no longer held in 2 hands and the ball is under one hand (to dribble)?

[@user-cv3lk1gj6c]

at 10:50 the right foot is the first step, zero step should be on the ground before gathering the ball. When gathering the ball in air, there's no zero step.

[@refereeuniversity]

You are correct

[@shaikthegangsta]

At 15:38 .kobe picks up his pivot foot and ball has stil not left his hand. Is it travel?

[@refereeuniversity]

By rule it is, but it never gets called

[@shaikthegangsta]

@@refereeuniversity ok thx fr the reply

[@user-ig7uz8ze3k]

Hi! Can i ask when is "gaining control of the ball." If player A pass a ball to player B. B receive a ball with one hand but ball is still moving.(I want to say the ball doesn't come to rest) Then B catch a ball with two hands. And then, he starts a dribble. In this situation, 'Gaining control of the ball' could be at the timing of 'B receive a ball with on hand' or "B catch a ball with two hands" This is important cus '▬ The first step occurs when one foot or both feet touch the floor after gaining control of the ball. ' Many people think when receiving a passed ball with one hand, his zero step(or first step) occurs though he doesn't hold a ball. I think receiving a passed ball with one hand is not 'gaining control of the ball' unless player hold a ball. So, he can take many steps while the ball is not gathered. Please help me?🏀

[@refereeuniversity]

That is a great question and it really depends on the reffing you have. NBA allows more flexibility on interpretation of when a dribble ends/gaining control of the ball. I think it depends on the action (Needing video or demo) that occurs to help make the judgement call. If I were to use FIBA, as soon as I think the player attained control (regardless of the ball still spinning), I will start counting out the steps. If it is NBA, I will allow more flexibility on the gather. It is easier to manipulate hoe you gather the ball off a dribble (Harden step back moves) and harder to do the same off of a pass. Does that help?

[@user-ig7uz8ze3k]

@@refereeuniversity Somewhat hard to understand. You saying that in FIBA rule, you're gonna count steps as soon as player receive a ball even with one hand and ball is still spining. Is it right what i told? You said, I guess, gaining control of the ball is different receiving a passed ball or loose ball from gathering a ball after dribble.

[@refereeuniversity]

@@user-ig7uz8ze3k Yes to both. Remember that this is a grey area which means it's up to interpretation of an official. If spinning means it is not at rest, then anyone spinning the ball on their finger (like the globetrotters) can take as many steps as they want because ball is not at rest. Off a dribble, if hand is on the side and ball is still spinning, gather has not occurred. Off a pass, extremly difficult to have a ball spinning since passes tend to have the player absorb the ball in their hand and end the spin.

[@user-ig7uz8ze3k]

@@refereeuniversity Okay Thank you! I got it. It's still curious why rule book doesn't state 'gaining control of the ball' specifically. It's only Team control of the ball. I was wondering like 9:10. He still doesn't gather a ball but there's 'control the ball 0 step'. Thank you

[@refereeuniversity]

@@user-ig7uz8ze3k I agree, it would be nice that they define that. Team control is separate from player control. That video is directly from FIBA and I imagine it is interpretation. Ball is coming to rest due to the hand being slightly under the ball

[@jovar7545]

I find it very frustrating to make a on-sidestep dribble 7:28. It is always a travel in EU, because the rear foot (pivot) alway leaves the ground before releasing the ball. In US everyone does it and it is very important to explode left and right...

[@refereeuniversity]

You are correct, I would say it comes to referee philosophy. Worry about Elephants more than Ants in regards to infractions

[@se7enzee444]

@10:51 should be a travel. 0 step on the pickup, 1 step and the hop.

[@refereeuniversity]

Good catch, some refs will allow it if it is too close to call.

[@TheMarduar]

i have a question 09:57 player got left foot down right foot in the air and it was his last dribble (gathers ball with left hand). According to rule book "when a player has taken more than two steps without the ball being dribbled, a traveling violation is called" . At 10:36 player gathers the ball with right foot down (left is in the air) so right foot must be the 0 not left. I had to go back and freeze it like 20 times to pause at the exact moment. As a ref (in a local league) i wouldnt call violation on second case for sure but i dont know about the first one, seems like a violation!

[@refereeuniversity]

"when a player has taken more than two steps without the ball being dribbled, a traveling violation is called" what rule book is this from? I can only find articles that are written by opinion. I do not see that in the actual rule book for wording. Reason being is because you can take as many steps as you want, the issue lies with after an ended dribble. If the player has not ended their dribble, they can take as many steps as they want while they dribble, example seen here: kzbin.info/www/bejne/nXS0ZnWnp6ZpaZo and further answers about dribbling :)

[@TheMarduar]

@@refereeuniversity Thanx for answering!!! 24.1.2 "A dribble ends when the player touches the ball with both hands simultaneously or permits the ball to come to rest in one or both hands." Rest is more like possession? The dribble will not end when player is touching the ball but rather when he is in like "full" control of it with one or both hands ?? PS yeah the definition was copied from wiki, i should stop doing that !!

[@refereeuniversity]

@@TheMarduar Control and Possession are interchangeable in FIBA, those terms are different in American leagues. End of dribble is more so clear standards to make it easier to determine when someone's dribble has ended. Rest would be like the ball's momentum ending. When you grab the ball with two hands, it's momentum stops. If you hand comes under the ball, the ball's momentum is usually stopped. When players do cross overs, the ball is still spinning in their hands. So FIBA looks at rest (The momentum/spinning of the ball). Hopefully that helps!

[@TheMarduar]

​@@refereeuniversity you are amazing man thank you, i ll be Ref soon (this summer hopefully) and i want to be as good as i can, ty again. Love from Greece

[@refereeuniversity]

@@TheMarduar I am happy to hear that! Hopefully my videos help and if you have questions, feel free to comment on the videos. I have a video for most of the rules :) If I somehow do not see it, make a new comment on a video! Good luck!

[@sreetamdas7140]

Suppose I am dribbling and in motion. Now, I gather the ball when my left foot is on the ground and then jump off that foot to land on two feet simultaneously and then stop. So can I pivot any of the foot or neither foot can be pivoted??

[@refereeuniversity]

Either foot would be your pivot in that case!

[@sreetamdas7140]

@@refereeuniversity I assume either foot would be pivot if I would have gathered the ball when both of my foots were off the ground and then landed simultaneously for a stop.. But in above question I gathered the ball with one foot on ground and then jumped off that foot to land on two feet simultaneously for a stop. So I don't think I can pivot any foot here.. Because both the scenarios are completely different.

[@refereeuniversity]

@@sreetamdas7140 Different scenarios but same allowance. Here is why: In motion, you are allowed the 0-1-2. The gather step and two steps after control/gather. When you gather the ball with one foot down, that is your 0 step. When you land simultaneously with both feet (which in normal case be your 1-2), you are allowed either foot as a pivot. When you gather with both feet in the air. Your 0 step occurs in the air. Because you controlled the ball with no feet on the ground, resulting in the following steps to be your 1-2. That means, if you land on two feet in this scenario, then you are allowed either foot to be the pivot. The key is identifying the 0 step. If you gain control of the ball with both feet off the ground, then you used that zero step in the air. If you are gaining control with one foot on the ground, that is your zero step. 0-1-2 is applied in both scenarios. Only time that differing scenarios provide a different outcome, in relation to the travelling, is lifting your pivot foot to pass, shoot or dribble. Anyways, hope that is clear.

[@sreetamdas7140]

@@refereeuniversity Thank you for your quick response and that was a great explanation indeed... If you don't mind, I want to clarify another doubt regarding the 0-1-2 step. Suppose I receive the ball during stationary, then I have to release the ball for dribble before my pivot foot gets off the ground. This is the basic rule of basketball and I totally get it. But during progression the rule is somewhat different. So after receiving the ball, a player has to release the ball for dribble before his second step hits the ground. This rule seems little awkward as it doesn't say anything about the pivot foot. Right?? So suppose during progression, if I receive the ball with left foot on ground (that would be my zero step), then my right foot would be the first step and then again before my left foot (second step) hits the ground, I have to release the ball for dribble. So if I dribble the ball after my second step hits (left foot), then that would be a travel. I totally understand this scenario as well. But my doubt in above scenario is.. what if during progression after receiving the ball, I didn't dribble at all and came to a complete stop after my 0-1-2 step. I mean I came to a rest after my left foot (second step) hits the ground and I haven't dribbled yet. So in this case which foot would be my pivot foot or is it a travel?? And main question is if I can pivot, then can I dribble after that or it has ended and so only I have to shoot/pass?? I hope I was able to explain my scenario for your easy understanding..😊

[@refereeuniversity]

@@sreetamdas7140 No problem! It would not be a travel, your pivot foot would be your right foot (First Step). You would be allowed to dribble/pass/shoot. FIBA has different allowances based on your action: Shoot/Pass vs Dribble. I would imagine they differ due to the advantage a player has if the rule allowances were the same regardless of the action. For example, If you lift your pivot to commit to a pass or shot, you cannot change your mind/change directions. You are locked into that action. In scenarios for dribbling, you can alter directions and keep the dribble alive. I hope that answers the questions? Did I miss anything?

[@mariovercillo1319]

For a lying on the ground travel, its a travel if you're on the ground with the ball and then try and get up (without dribbling), or roll, but it does not mention if you fall to your knees? If you're dribbling and fall to both knees, or fall to one knee, and get up without dribbling, is this a travel?

[@refereeuniversity]

Just think of pivot foot , if both knees are down, one is a pivot, one is not. So if they get up off of one, they can start dribbling but they cannot dribble if they get up off of both

[@mariovercillo1319]

@@refereeuniversity so if you drop to both knees, then lift one knee, the other knee becomes the pivot, and you can spin around on that knee all you want, just as if you're spinning on a pivot foot in place, correct?

[@Primo_Kpodo]

Can you cover a player’s face when they are shooting, rule 36.2.1

[@refereeuniversity]

Already have :) kzbin.info/www/bejne/g2q6ZWiKd96Ne5I

[@discbandsforbasketballoffi2618]

Discbands Alternate Possession Wristbands are very helpful for officials. Be professional. Be right.

[@malasc12]

Hard to see some of the plays at the end since the video quality is too low

[@Azn.P3rsuasian]

The clip at 7:26 he slightly lifted pivot foot and back down before ball left hands so its a travel.

[@refereeuniversity]

by letter of the rule, correct. For game flow, level of play, and application of 47.3 of advantage/disadvantage... play on and ignore

[@Azn.P3rsuasian]

@@refereeuniversity yeah. real time would be harder to catch as well while keeping an eye on other things.

[@mcmerry2846]

One example I don't see in the video ... If the player who hasn't used his dribble, starts his shooting motion, but drops the ball mid air and takes possession of the ball again after the ball bounced on the floor without any opponent making contact...is that a travel or not??

[@refereeuniversity]

If he is in the air, and takes possession on landing, travel due to leaving pivot foot for a start of a dribble.

[@the_realJP_]

@16:07 this should have been called, but was it?

[@refereeuniversity]

Only the referee could explain the full reason but my guess would be either: A) not focused on the feet and missed it B) They worry about elephants not mice in the game which means they found the travel to be insignificant to put a whistle on it. Hope that helps!

[@InahChild]

If a defensive player tips the ball back to the back court then goes to get the ball, it's not a back court violation right?

[@refereeuniversity]

Interesting question for a travelling video. If the offensive team has control of the ball and it is tipped by a defender and they run to their backcourt and gathered it, it is not a back court violation. They need control of the ball in their front court before the violation can apply. A tip is not control.

[@ZoiusGM]

A question: Can a player take two steps after he gets a pass without him dribbling the ball firstly?

[@refereeuniversity]

Only if they plan to shoot or pass, after two steps, they cannot dribble. Can only dribble after a gather step.

[@ZoiusGM]

@@refereeuniversity To make it more clear, I will give an example. Suppose you give me the ball. I am standing still, I am stationary and I receive the ball. Can I take two steps and jump for a lay-up?(1) Can I take two steps and not shoot and just pivot with the foot that last touched the ground?

[@tommywolmart265]

If you jump off 1 foot and gather in the air and land on the same foot, is it legal?

[@refereeuniversity]

yes because the same foot rule comes in after the gather

[@CharlesBarkleyDonut]

So you're allowed to take the two steps and then stop. pivot and then shoot?

[@refereeuniversity]

Depends on when you gather but with a late gather, yes.

[@toniandonov8816]

how many steps on 10:46, the way he demonstrated it looks like travel

[@refereeuniversity]

Check response below

[@refereeuniversity]

As the rule states " If a player JUMPS off of ONE foot on the FIRST step (the first step comes after the zero step (gather)), he MAY land with BOTH feet SIMULTANEOUSLY for the SECOND step. In this situation, the player MAY NOT PIVOT with either foot. Meaning that move looks illegal but completely allowed. 0-1-2(on 2 step landing on two feet). If I land on two feet simultaneously after the zero step, then I can pivot with either foot. If I land on two feet simultaneously after the first step, I can not pivot. I used caps to emphasize/bold the important parts of the statement. Unfortunately, I do not think I can bold on KZbin so that is why they are capitalized.

[@toniandonov8816]

@@refereeuniversity Thank you for the rule, the rule is clear but I think that demonstration is wrong, he is making his first step with the ball in his hands, not a gather step, then second step and then lands on two feet. Anyway, these rules allow too many steps, especially in nba and refferees not calling them.

[@refereeuniversity]

That statement is true if you deemed the player to gather the ball in the air then his first step would be where I said he gathered it. I interpreted his gather to be when both hands were on the ball and his foot was in contact with the ground rendering it to be a zero(gather) step. Does that make sense? Yes this gather rule and zero step has made it harder to determine travels.

[@toniandonov8816]

@@refereeuniversity what about gathering the ball with one hand? call me old fashion but for me this is still a travel.

[@andrewepp1682]

at 14:25 this is not a travel. It doesn't matter if the pivot foot is lifted. It matters when the pivot foot is put back down. the rule is misinterpreted constantly. it shouldn't matter if there is a dribble, pass or shot after you take your pivot foot off the floor. this cannot be a travel depending if you dribble, or pass or shoot. if you get rid of the ball before you put that foot back down, no matter how you get rid of it, this is not a travel. and also, the step with same foot twice in a row only applies if you then step with the other foot. that makes 3 steps. the rules need to have all these bylaws to articulate the details, but it really is simple. you cannot take 3 or more steps while in control of the ball. no matter how you do that. the only grey area seems to be when the last foot is coming off the the ground right at the point of the gather. they call this step zero. im not sure i like it in general. but if the nba wants to do it, fine, i guess? i mean if they dont want to count that as one of the two steps, that is. but i really think that it is as simple as if you take more than two steps, it is a travel. these are just a bunch of examples to show that. 14:57 is a travel, because the zero step only applies when you are ending your dribble. like you are actively dribbling. it doesn't count if you are gathering a pass. he had full possession for 3 steps. there was never a dribble from which to gather.

[@refereeuniversity]

1. The rule clearly states different allowances of lifting the pivot foot depending if you shoot/pass or if you dribble. 2. Those videos were pulled directly from FIBA's own educational video resource. They are the ones that write the rules and release the videos which means your interpretation is incorrect.

[@raivennllagasoracion3072]

Illegal steps or yugo steps can caused a traveling without no dribbling after drive to the basket 🏀🏀🏀🏀

[@JareBareXP]

Idk who edited that hop scotch thing at the end but that's unacceptable lmao 🤣

[@inokerogoyawa]

Big Perk was walking thru the park cuh

[@user-is2hz3zo5k]

kzbin.info/www/bejne/qGKkomSMmap2j5I 2:42 Before he starts to dribble, he takes 2 steps using his first step as pivot foot. I am confused with the FIBA rule "Pivot" and " a player shall release the ball to start his dribble before his second step. " Please help me to clear up my doubt, thank you.

[@refereeuniversity]

Hi! FIBA has different allowances depending on the action (pass, shoot or dribble) which can create confusion. The allowances of your pivot are split into two categories: Pass/Shoot or Dribble. If you are progressing, you are allowed the 0-1-2. In progression examples as your question pertains to, if you were to shoot or pass the ball, you can step off of your pivot foot (the 1 step in your 0-1-2) meaning you can take off for your shot attempt or pass on the 2nd step (Last step of 0-1-2). If you were to dribble, you would need to release it before taking your 2nd step (Last step in 0-1-2). Meaning you gather the ball (0 Step) then your first step after controlling the ball (pivot foot) and before you take your last step (2 step in 0-1-2) the ball has to be released from your hands. Does that make sense?

[@user-is2hz3zo5k]

Yes, it does. Thank you very much.

[@sergioramio]

but wasnt harden pushin the offense on last clip?

[@inokerogoyawa]

Yeah but it’s still a travel....

[@redsnakedeoxysmaug4772]

The gather step is only for nba? Don't think there is gather step on every championship

[@refereeuniversity]

Gather step: NBA and FIBA.

[@redsnakedeoxysmaug4772]

@@refereeuniversity Fiba means there is gather step in every championship But no in the uaa and championships like this in europe?

[@refereeuniversity]

@@redsnakedeoxysmaug4772 Anything with FIBA rules should allow it. I am not familiar with that league so I cannot give a confident answer but I would assume it to be legal if it is in Europe

[@hirpo9023]

9:56

[@toddbronson1550]

You can lift a pivot to shot or pass without traveling.5:49

[@MJFLOW1]

9:30 is travel for sure...

[@pedrofava1222]

13:50 this one a violation he got REJECTED

[@rjmiles01]

It is not a travel if player block your shot you come back down with the ball and player hand is not on the ball

[@refereeuniversity]

It is not a travel if the offensive player hand leaves the ball in that scenario

[@agbamouatakpaloko8684]

Is this sequence really legal or illegal in this video👉kzbin.info/www/bejne/nWipamRjeLhrqKM ? At [0 : 26] zero step with dribbling hand over the ball At [0 : 33] first step with ball control with both hands At [0 : 40] second step At [0 : 45] third step

[@gemstar77]

AGBAMOU ATAKPALOKO illegal. You can only step off of your pivot foot on a shot. The player stepped off of his second step (resulting in using a third step). In order for it to be legal, he would have had to shoot it off his second step. As soon as the third step occurred, I am calling a travel. Does that make sense? I might break this video down after my goal tending video

[@agbamouatakpaloko8684]

@@gemstar77 Is the sequence between [2: 30] and [2: 33] of this video legal or illegal? kzbin.info/www/bejne/i4eoe62drKx0acU Explanation: From [2: 30], after his dribbling, Olajuwon puts his left foot on the floor (zero step) with the hand of dribbling over the ball. At [2 : 32] Olajuwon catches the ball in his hands on his right foot (first step) then puts his left foot on the floor (second step). At [2 : 33] Olajuwon puts his right foot on the floor (third step).

[@refereeuniversity]

At 2:31, if you go to settings and click playback speed and put it to 0.25, it provides a little bit more clarity on when NBA officials and potentially FIBA officials would deem gather. They would deem the left foot would be apart of the dribble and the gather (Zero step) would occur on the right step. Then he proceeds to go (First step) with the left foot and (Second step) with his right foot.

[@user-kp7ls7ml1h]

9:44 double dribble , illegal

[@JackFlaps]

when in doubt it`s a travel

[@0401412740]

You gotta be a lawyer to read 100 pages

[@franckylibbrecht6103]

Or a referee...

[@aasdesta6607]

FIBA just keep the old travel rules..nba rules are like streetball..all about entertainment

[@truthiscensored]

True. The NBA basically dumb down those in the USA...they have no clue of a pivot foot and think 3 to 4 steps is normal

[@franckylibbrecht6103]

FIBA rules have changed with the introduction of the 0-step....

[@ivonbeton4725]

I kind of hate that FIBA changed their travel rule. I liked that it was harder to blow past your defender.

[@refereeuniversity]

Do you mean in terms of the gather step?

[@eduardobranco8349]

10:50 just looks ridiculous. What a bad change of rule. Ruining the game!

[@thomasjones5693]

Who else hates FIBA here

[@ArmandoKozomara]

??

[@JamesPatricioMusic]

Great video