Galatia - The Celts of Anatolia

[@TheManFromWaco]

Greeks: "Funneling a numerically superior enemy into the chokepoint of Thermopylae, it works every time! Or at least it will work this time since we are also properly guarding the secret pass!" [Nervous murmuring] Greeks: We *DID* properly guard the secret pass? RIGHT GUYS?

[@KnowHistory]

I laughed so much that you got yourself a pin!

[@averongodoffire8098]

**EXCITED BARBAR NOISES**

[@nadiravc5958]

Batının Grek yalanına devam !!! Sizden başka kim inanıyor acaba ??!! Şunuda iyi anlayın; Türkler, ortadoğuda ve Anadoluda 2500 ila 3500 yıldır vardılar Var olmaya devsm edecekler... Barbar ; Roma ve grekler !! Türklerin Anadoludaki, giritteki, italyadaki miraslarının üzerine konarak, Her konuda olduğu Gibi hırsızlik yaptılar... Barbar arıyorsanız.... Romaya ve Grek denen kepazeliğe bakın.... Dünya yutmuyor bu yalanlarınızı.... Teşekkürler.... 🇹🇷🇦🇿🇵🇼🇹🇲🇧🇬🇫🇮🇧🇾🇳🇪🇹🇯

[@animationfanatic2133]

*cut to Homer simpson in armor sleeping at the secret pass while an entire army walks by him

[@raypurchase801]

@@KnowHistory You've completely misunderstood the meaning of the term "Celt". The Romans referred to all of the northern tribes as Celts, same as 19th century Europeans referred to all Africans as the "blacks". It doesn't mean they were all of the same people or culture. The Greeks referred to peoples as "barbarians". The barbarians weren't a single people. Barbarians were uncivilised peoples who couldn't speak Greek, and their talking sounded like "baar baar baar".

[@simonbirch8689]

In terms of quality and covering more niche aspects of history this is my favourite history channel on KZbin

[@KnowHistory]

Thank you so much for those words!

[@accuratetaxes5504]

FLASHPOINT IS THE BEST

[@DanksterPaws]

The use of Paradox graphics are messing with my brain tho

[@georgekoutsikos29]

Gauls invaded and looted the largest part of Greece. They succeeded to surpass Spercheios river and the Thermopylae with the same strategic way of the secret passage behind its mountain. Eventually they were defeated and devastated in the battle of Delphi and mostly in the battle of Kokkalia. Kokkalia is an area in my homeland , on the mountain range between mt Tymfristos and mt Grammeni Oxia (now the border between Evrytania and Fthiotis prefects). For years the farmers were founding small traces of bones in the area and some metallic broken parts of weaponry. Kokkalia derives from Kokkala:bones. 279 BC

[@TheLastKentuckyIrregular9524]

The Sack of Delphi is a very interesting historical occurrence. The Greeks have never admitted that the temples fell, yet both the Celts and Romans believed differently and spent considerable time searchign for the lost treasure of Delphi that the Celts supposedly hid after their defeat.

[@alexandros6433]

The good julius Caesar put some order in the west

[@StrudelerOfTheTSociety]

I love Celtic history. I'm now planning a Galatia mod for Civilization VI thanks to this lecture.

[@KnowHistory]

Good luck! I'm glad i could help :D

[@Abeturk]

terms and conditions (akar-eser / eser-eger) EĞER-ISE = (EVEN-IF) (su AKAR- yel ESER) = water flows - wind blows İSE-EĞER = (IF-EVER) (yel ESER- ekin EĞER)= the wind blows and bows the crops EĞER-ISE and İSE-EĞER constructs are used to specify "conditions" and are often used interchangeably. İSE-EĞER: means "If ever" and indicates a condition that is more likely to occur. "If ever you need any help, just let me know." (Yardıma ihtiyacın olursa eğer, sadece haber ver.) or (Herhangi bir yardıma ihtiyaç duyarsan, bana haber vermen yeterli) “If I'm not tired, we’ll visit them in the evening.” = “Yorgun değilsem eğer akşamleyin onları ziyaret ederiz” EĞER-ISE: means "Even if" and indicates a condition that is less likely to occur. "Even if it rains tomorrow, I will go for a walk." (Yarın yürüyüşe çıkacağım, eğer yağmur yağıyor olsa dahi ) or (Yarın yağmur yağsa bile yürüyüşe çıkacağım.) “Why should i go to work, (even) if I'm not getting my salary” = Eğer maaşımı alamıyorsam, neden işe gideyim ki.

[@mehmetcagrdogan2753]

​@Ishtar_Inanna.Gboard be crazy

[@MICAHDOGUER]

Play rome total war 2

[@alexandros6433]

Yes, the best part is the conquest of the gauls by the great caesar

[@carlustin4034]

Sophia the capital of Bulgaria old name is Serdika. The Celtic tribe Serdi had a settlement there.City Vidin on Danube also was Celtic settlement called Bdin. Bulgarians use that name also. There immerged tribes which were mixed thraco-celtic in the region from Danube river down to the city of Thessaloniki. Celts also had 60 years survived kingdom in Eastern Thrace.

[@popocrispies]

Kinda crazy that the celts founded two modern capital cities

[@LuisAldamiz]

@@popocrispies - They also founded Paris (Lutetia Parisorum) and Vienna (Vindobona).

[@truba1900]

Serdi were thracians

[@ycylchgames]

Fun fact, theres a town called Bala in both north Wales and modern Galatia and apparently both names are derived from the same route word.

[@gordbolton27]

Bal was an Armenian word for cherries. Giresun, Turkey is believed to be the origin or home of the sweet cherry. Giresun is sub-tropical, sitting on the South Coast of the Black Sea. Everyone loves to eat sweet cherries. They were an important source of vitamin C for folks in the area. Cherries make great wine. In addition they can be dried & preserved to be eaten over the winter or incorporated into fruitcake! Cherries can be very finicky to grow as they need a lengthy spell of cold weather during the winter to trigger the blossoms in the spring. The success of the cherry harvest all depended on the whims of a weather god named Baal. The folks in Giresun still have a May Day celebration that is dedicated to their fertility goddess named Cybele. I don't know if Baal & Cybele ever got it on. Celts all over Europe celebrated May Day or Beltane. I believe "taine" or "tân" is still used by the Welsh for fire. Bal , bel, mal & mel became associated with or words for sweet things. When the Cherry Cult Baals saved up enough money to buy the letter "G" some of the Baals became Gauls (because they spoke Gaelic?) but the Germans still called them Walls or Valls.

[@gordbolton27]

What is the root word?

[@ycylchgames]

@@gordbolton27 In old Welsh Bala meant the overflow of a lake but in even older Brythonic languages the word just meant a place that water would overflow into to or an area near / overlooking a body of water.

[@georgeevernight2814]

In Armenia we have city - Gyumri\Kyumri that is very close to Welsh endonym.

[@everettduncan7543]

​@@ycylchgamesThe word Galatia is thought to have come from the proto-Celtic word 'Galnatis' which means 'one who can', a derivative of the verb Galnati, meaning 'to be able to'; this survives as the Welsh word gallu

[@Asamations]

Keep these videos coming Know History. You are doing really well!

[@KnowHistory]

Thank you mate!

[@Anatolikon34]

As a Turk, I can say that the rate of blonde and green-eyed people in Anatolian provinces and districts such as Ankara, Yozgat and Çorum, where Galatians live, is very high compared to other Anatolian regions. Apparently, the Galatians are still alive in our blood, like the Phrygians, Lydians, Hittites, Greeks, Bithynians and dozens of others.

[@Mr_M_History]

Dude your quality is getting so good. Such outstanding content!

[@calum5975]

This is one of my fav videos of ours. Good work on the editing!

[@robbabcock_]

Terrific video! Very well researched and the animations are great.

[@loaditz]

Narrow passes are great for defense but you got to cover your flanks, especially if your enemy is familiar with mountains like the Persians and the Celts

[@sekipkoc4856]

in the village where my parents grow up about 100km in the east of ankara i can remember that i was wondering about seeing this blonde haired girl with blue eyes between dark haired people , blonde hairs are realy unusual there^^ both parents are dark haired . im dark haired too but i got a few red hairs in my beard =)

[@عليياسر-ذ5ب]

She is one of the Slavic slaves who were brought by the Romans to Anatolia

[@valevisa8429]

Ottomans stole young people from all the regions they conquered,so that's why you have so many European looking people in Turkey.

[@3choblast3r4]

IDK what kind of crack you've been smoking but Celts weren't blond and there are Turkic people know for their blond hair and fair skin like the Cumans. More over blonde hair isn't that rare at all, the fk you on about. Both my grandfathers, most of my cousins, my youngest sisters are all blond. Not a single non Turk in the family in gov records going up to the 1730's. Blonde hair isn't as common in Turkey as in Europe but it's not so rare and nor does it imply any kind of ancestry as Turkic phenotype has a large variety and none of the people that were in Turkey were blond except the Nordic Vangardian mercenaries that the Byzantine's imported. Modern day Greeks are on average darker than Turks. Armenians are just as dark as the average Kurd etc. If you look at any Tatar population which migrated to Anatolia in droves through out the Ottoman empire and also after fleeing from Russian and Soviet repression, Tatars on average probably have more blond people than most western nations. The Cumans were literally called the "blond people" by their Slavic neighbors.. their blondness was such a big feature even people who had a on average higher percentage of blond people felt the need to refer to the cumans as the "blond people" in short you comment is extremely misguided.

[@craig3077]

Mayhab she is descend from Jewish, circissian, Galat... Who knows. Ottoman empire was complicated and had many diversity under same primo roof

[@MrPanos2000]

The thought of Galatian genetics in modern Turkish population is more than unlikely. However with Turkey being a Brazilian-tier cauldron of ethnicities, it is probably the result of any of the various islamised ethnicities during Ottoman era.

[@aaln17]

Being born and spent 30 years of my life in Ankara, I find this video fascinating.

[@borderreaver4615]

​@3.KADEME TEKME nope

[@ermioniburgess8720]

Hellenism and got the Christianity from Apostle Paul.Wrote a letter to the Galatia congregation.Fascinating story but true.

[@3choblast3r4]

@The Count Cry me a river, conquered Anatolia a 1000 years ago you're still shedding tears over it. Veni, Vedi, Vici cry

[@youknow8653]

​@The Count cope harder

[@youknow8653]

Are you Turkish or non-Turkish living in Turkey ?

[@sarantissporidis391]

The place where the Aetolians defeated the Celts is known today as "Kokkalia" meaning Bone field, because the farmers of the region were discovering celtic bones almost every time they were digging the soil.

[@redhornsms2649]

Kokkal in Kurdish hard things like bone! Bone=hestia

[@mukhumor]

One of Turkeys top Football teams is called Galata Saray... Palace of the Galatians

[@starman1144]

Actually the name of the team comes from the Galata district of Constantinople (now Istanbul). Galata Saray was founded in that district and that's why it has that name. Now the Galata district is called Karaköy because Turkey wanted to disassociate it with Greeks..

[@starman1144]

And we don't actually know if the name of the Galata district has something to do with Gauls. Some say that it's because the area had a lot of sheep and they produce a lot of milk which called Γάλα (Gala) in Greek.

[@mukhumor]

@@starman1144 The Galata district of Istanbul, formerly Constantinople was named after the Galatians. The same Galatians/ Gallic, Gauls mentioned in St Pauls Letter in the Bible. Karakoy simply means 'Black Village'.

[@starman1144]

@@mukhumor as I said in my second comment we are not sure if the Galata district is named after the Gauls. It's just one possibility

[@mukhumor]

@@starman1144 Who is 'we'? Are you multiple people or are you part of a gang? Galatia was a region in north-central Anatolia (modern-day Turkey) settled by the Celtic Gauls c. 278-277 BCE. Galatia (/ɡəˈleɪʃə/; Ancient Greek: Γαλατία, Galatía, "Gaul") was an ancient area in the highlands of central Anatolia, roughly corresponding to the provinces of Ankara and Eskişehir, in modern Turkey. Galatia was named after the Gauls from Thrace (cf. Tylis), who settled here and became a small transient foreign tribe in the 3rd century BC, following the Gallic invasion of the Balkans in 279 BC.

[@denizergun6325]

Those cities didn't found by Galatians, rather settled by Galatians. Ankara for example inhabited since Hatti city states, and also Greekness of these central regions in Early Hellenistic period is depend on how you look at them. Overall population were still more native than Greek, Pessinus was like a theocratic city state based on Cybele (mother goddess native to Asia Minor) cult. Of course Greek culture overcame in time but remember even as late as 5th-6th century AD there were still communities whom maintained there non-Greek language and heritage. I feel these issues are usually neglected outside the academic circles, anyway nice video nonetheless.

[@wewenang5167]

yeh the Greek was not even native to Anatolia, they were also settlers just like the Celts, there were a lot of other native ethnic group that still live there between the Greek and the Celts times. The Hittites and Hattie were probably the earliest people to build a kingdom in Anatolia, they have been there way back when the Greek were still in Greece. In Earlier times the Greek only settled in the coastal cities because the Greek are a maritime people and their city states were always thalasocracy in nature winch means their kingdom and city states always involved in maritime tradings and they need to be near to the sea just like in Greece. Central Anatolia like in Ankara did later became Hellenistic but it took a very long time until that happened.

[@rogerdodger8813]

Try harder to discount the Greek influence 🤣🤣🤣

[@denizergun6325]

@@rogerdodger8813 Why would i need that? It's not a mystery the things that i wrote, i have studied in this specific area and i know my country's history better than a random Westerner.

[@ukhan4546]

Interesting - it's an ashame that the native anatolian language disappeared

[@Teapoid]

One important thing to note is all of Anatolia was Hellenized but that didn’t make it “Greek”. For instance; they would have green customs, buildings, and their written language was Greek but that didn’t mean they were geeks, nor was their spoken language Greek. These peoples were gradually assimilated.

[@ilkererol1986]

They were speaking Celtic at home, speaking Greek in public and using Latin for formal things. You can still see red orange haired people around Ankara. They say they are remnants of Celtic people

[@rogerdodger8813]

Not necessarily. red hair is not something that only Celts had. In any case most of these Celts became Greeks and they were Turkified like most of the Population of Turkey 100 years ago or expelled.

[@ilkererol1986]

@@rogerdodger8813 there is no such colour in Turkic and Mediterranean peoples. Also people here in Anatolia where I live they only turkified by culture not by genes. Some groups we call Türkmen or Yörük they still have Asian look because they were living in isolated areas

[@rogerdodger8813]

@@ilkererol1986 rubbish. Seen Afghans, Arabs,Syrians with red hair. Actually i read that it originated in central Asia. Which makes more sense when you see turks with red hair.

[@alihanhaydar8369]

Dont lie. I am Turkih and almost all Turkish people even dont know glatians and even celts

[@Valkyraw]

@@ilkererol1986 uighurs are famous for having blonde and red hair, while still looking asian. We Turks are diverse and people just dont want to accept this.

[@apmoy70]

By the First century AD, the Gauls of Anatolian Galatia had been completeley Hellenised, hence the epistle to the Galatians written in Greek by Paul, written between 48-53 AD

[@LuisAldamiz]

Greek was the working language in all the region, much like Latin was in Medieval Europe, but surely many groups still retained their native languages for local communication. Not an expert myself but I've been told that Galatians did retain Celtic language (to my own surprise) for a long time.

[@taochanga]

@@LuisAldamiz for some bizarre reason, today's greeks entertain the very idea that whomever have spoken greek belongs to them for eternity. as if european kelts didn't know latin, or the whole south america speaks spanish.

[@apmoy70]

@@LuisAldamiz After the 4th c. AD not even one, una, одна inscription, suggesting the usage of Celtic as the every-day language of the Anatolian Galatians, exists in the area of Anatolian Galatia. Until the 4th c. some regions in Anatolian Galatia were bilingual, but most of the area had been completely Hellenised. In fact, we know that Galatian mercenaries served in the Egyptian army of Ptolemy, by the graffiti they've left, their names seem to have Celtic origin, but the inscriptions are in GREEK, and by the fluency, we gather that Greek was their native language

[@apmoy70]

@@taochanga Anatolia was the heartland of Medieval & Byzantine Greek civilization, the millions of Greeks inhabiting the area at the time of the Seljuk nomads invading the area, did not vanish suddenly. I'd suggest you should take some DNA test, buckle up, I'm sure you'll find you have substantial Greek DNA within you, even, -God forbid- Armenian

[@taochanga]

@@apmoy70 i have balkanic ancestry, many people in turkey have caucassus ancestry. you guys love to understand greek or turkish or any ethnicity as separate species which is baseless. cultures merge into each other and the meaning of cultural labels change over time. around 400ad, the difference between two native greek speaking persons, one pagan and one christian was as sharp as you would perceive today between what you call greek and turkish. my point is, there are geographic rootedness, racism and culturalism is quite pointless.

[@MonkeyWhoWouldBeKing]

So, this is one of the interesting cases where 'the celts' refers to an almost mythical group. IF we buy the Hallstatt C theory, then it makes sense to identify Brenus and this arm of the La Tene as a core celtic group. But if we buy the Bronze Age Trade hypothesis (which I do find more plausible) then the la tene are a related-fringe group who are at the margins of what is 'celtic'. It comes down to an ontological question - is a culture/ethnicity something that evolves on the model of biology, following strict genealogical descent, or does it evolve like language, admitting of vast and fairly unfettered cross-pollenation. At a certain point, it looks like the greek term 'Gaul' as an ethnic designator isn't much more specific than 'north-westener'.

[@LuisAldamiz]

I buy the Bronze Age theory too but still La Tène was the main and most impressive Celtic-specific phase even if also the last one (excepting insular Celts obviously). I can't say it was "fringe" in any way but very central and the essence of most of their expansion. IMO: 1. Proto-Celts coalesce in the early/middle Bronze Age in historical Swabia, maybe also Rhineland. 2. Celto-Italics expand with Urnfields culture, Celts towards the West (SW) mostly, Italics rather in the East via Veneto. Other related groups maybe involved as well but hard to tell because they didn't survive historically unless we accept the theory that Lusitanians were something in between (I prefer to consider them P-Celts, while Celtiberians were Q-Celts... but a Numantian dice is clearly P-Celtic, with "P" for "five", so maybe it was even more complex, in any case the P/Q issue is bigger than just Celts with most Western Indoeuropean languages showing preference for one or the other). 3. Hallstatt is probably already a Celtic-specific culture and the last pan-Celtic one (c. 590 BCE Iberian Celts get cut off from continental ones by Iberian expansion northwards in Catalonia and coastal Languedoc, probably in alliance with the Greeks of Marseilles). 4. La Tène is when Celts expanded most vigorously, into most of Transalpine Gaul, Britain and Ireland, and also southwards into Emilia-Romagna and eastwards into Pannonia and later the famous invasion of the Balcans and eventual settlement in Galatia. It's when they most develop their proto-civilization (large oppidae which were centers of trade and political power and not mere forts, calling them "towns" is not wrong and anyhow "town" is derived from Celtic "dun", with that same meaning) and when Druidism was adopted, surely by recycling a pre-Indoeuropean priestly class/caste in Britain. That relatively civilized stage achieved became a weakness vs the Germanics however, which razed their "duns", destroying as result social, economic and political power and pushing the Celts southwards, a process we find still ongoing when Caesar invaded Gallia Comata.

[@nektariosorfanoudakis2270]

"Gaul" is Roman, the Greek term is "Galatia".

[@LuisAldamiz]

@@nektariosorfanoudakis2270 - Different words in different geographies and historical contexts. Latin (Roman was never a language) used typically Gallus (Gaul person, also rooster) and Gallia (Gaul country, both Cisalpine and Transalpine), which seem to be closely related to the Celtic usual endonym "Gael" (or similar). Galatia, Gallaecia, etc. also derive from the same word but in different contexts. On the other hand Keltos is the original Greek word, surely coined at Marseilles first and IMO derived from some Vasconic slur (Basque "keldo" = vagabond, other kel- words exist and are all despective). It is quite apparent in the archaeological and even to some extent proto-historical documentation record that Phocaean Greeks were in good relations with pre-Indoeuropeans in Western Europe: Iberian alliance vs Celts in Catalonia-Languedoc easily inferred from the archaeological record, narration of Tartessos strongly suggestive of these wanting some alternative to the Phoenician traders (who surely destroyed the city soon afterwards). The ancient usage of Kelt-/Celt- seems limited to Iberia quite curiously: Celtiberi, Celtici, what also seems to support this idea of Celt (Keltos) being specific of the Ibero-Phocaean interactions and eventually adopted by Celts themselves in some cases.

[@kamion53]

I personally favor the "Celtic from the West"theory by Barry Cunliffe. According to his vieuw the Celtic origine lays in southern Portugal and spread the Atlantic shore as a lingua franca before spreading into central Europe.

[@MonkeyWhoWouldBeKing]

@@nektariosorfanoudakis2270 you are, ofc, correct. brainfart on my part Dx

[@MarcusAgrippa390]

Excellent video!

[@lukep.7529]

epic vid, using imperator rome is pretty smart. love the content!

[@KarlGregory-g8f]

Keep these videos coming Know History. You are doing really well!. Dude your quality is getting so good. Such outstanding content!.

[@michaelluckymaximus]

I see Imperator Rome, I subscribe. Thanks for this channel btw. Makes me excited to play factions I haven't yet.

[@turkcukayi]

Turkey is one of the most complex geographies in the world, where people from many different backgrounds live together. Let me tell you an interesting anecdote. In the 11th century, when a Norman commander named Roussel de Bailleul came to Asia Minor to aid Eastern Rome against the Seljuks, he encountered a people similar to their own culture in Asia Minor. And he founded a Norman Kingdom, including my city Kastamonu (Kastra Komnen). The Eastern Roman, on the other hand, made an alliance with their enemies, the Seljuks, to destroy this kingdom and they destroyed the kingdom together. Unbelievably, Galatians preserved their cultural values ​​until the 11th century.

[@dudermcdudeface3674]

I did not know this. Thank you. I would recommend Xenophon for an early story about Greeks moving through Turkey (some mercenaries who were stranded when their Persian patron got whacked).

[@universetraveler5826]

Correction: Ankara was not founded by Celts. It was founded by Anatolian tribes, and later became a Greek city, hence the name “Ánkyra” (Greek for Anchor). When the Celts took control they were much smaller in number compared to the overall population of Ankara, and thus quickly adopted the Greek ethnicity.

[@owyni7523]

Source?

[@ahmeteminerdogan9266]

@@owyni7523 There is no source, I made it up. Do you have a problem with that?

[@trebuchet8568]

​@@owyni7523 it was revealed to him in a dream

[@universetraveler5826]

@@owyni7523 KZbin doesn’t let you comment links, but there are several archeological and literary sources cited on Ankara’s Wikipedia page. Also Pausanias (ancient historian and geographer) himself wrote about the history of Ankara. There is a lot of evidence and I’m not the only one pointing it out if you scroll through the comments

[@taochanga]

this is true, but it took some long centuries for the celtic language to disappear. even at around 400ad, celtic was spoken around ankara.

[@odysseasntalias5950]

After this video it will be obvious that Apostle' s Paul epistle (letter) to Galatians was not set to Asterix and his village but to these people 😊

[@AlexKomnenos]

Was hoping this video would contain more about Celtic culture in Galatia rather than merely how they got there.

[@Wasserkaktus]

Me too. The story of the Galatians is more of a people who became Hellenized, but interestingly, there were a few deities from the Galatians whom were adopted by the Greeks and added to the greater Greek Pantheon (The most notable is Telesphorus.).

[@VeraBousiou]

Same here.

[@Votebritish]

Read the book or epistle of Galatians in the Holy Bible ,part of the New Testament. Gives an insight.

[@dogrudiyosun]

Only things left from them are, names of galata and galatasaray, ankara(angora, anchor; as they settled somewhere at last), tork(the necklaces they wore, today it’s the name of the spiky accessory worn on kangal dogs, and it’s a possibility that kangal dogs were brought by the celts.

[@servanpesmerge5643]

Great video, thank you! Can you please do a video on the Celts of the Alps in Noricum? Likely the term Galatians is derived from Proto-Celtic *galnati (“to be able”). See also Κελτός (Keltós) and Latin Gallus, which might be from the same source. Even the name Portugal contains the same root (gal for Gaul i.e. harbour of the Gauls of port of the Celts). Even the name Britain is likely of Celtic origin. As Brittānia from the 1st century B.C.E., from Ancient Greek Πρεττανία (Prettanía), used by Diodorus, earlier νῆσος (nêsos) Πρεττανική (Prettanikḗ) or Βρεττανίαι (Brettaníai), used by Pytheas (4th century B.C.E.) of the entire archipelago now known as the British Isles. The Ancient Greek name is ultimately from a Celtic ethnonym, reconstructed as early Brythonic *Pritani, perhaps from a Proto-Celtic *Kʷritanī, *Kʷritenī, whence Welsh Prydyn (“Picts”), Old Irish Cruthne, Cru(i)then-túath (“Picts”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷer- (“to do”).

[@rachelLadyD]

thanks for finally pointing out that Cruithini were gaeilge speakers, it bugs me that this is ignored or dismissed, if we cannot be honest about ancient history then what hope for contemporary education . There are two if not more ancient stone structures, that are exactly the same as those found in Turkey, it made me think the Gaels/ Gauls came from Galicia because they are thousands of years old, not the other way around, these same structures , monuments are also across the Iberian pennisula ie Castille and Leon and Portugal. The ones in Castille and Leon were dedicated to the Cailleach, a Grandmother deity who in Ireland the story goes, she left the stones , she a giant Grandmother Goddess walked across the land carrying the stones in her apron and dropped them as she walked...

[@servanpesmerge5643]

@@rachelLadyD You are welcome. My impression is that in Europe the influence of two cultures is heavily underestimated even to the point of neglecting them. The first is the Celtic influence on European history and the second is Greek influence. In Noricum, today's Austria both the Romans and Germans tried to eradicate the Celts by culturally assimilating them. However, Noric steel was the most famous in the entire Roman Empire, known as Ferrum Noricum. Today most Austrians only speak German, however, Celtic heritage is still an essential part of Austrian nationalism and republicanism. In 1919 they even tried to establish the country as "Norische Republik" or "Noric Republic". You see, even the so-called "Austrian" family of Habsburg is not Austrian, they are Swiss. Original Austria comes from the Babenberg family, who are a direct bloodline of the Byzantine Empire in Constantinople. Both the Germans and Romans hate Austria's Celtic and Greek roots, so they have tried to eradicate them. The history of Ireland is similar in many ways. The Germans (English speaking in their case) tried to assimilate them with language bans. However, one cannot eradicate the Celts. And concerning the Greeks, the entire New Testament is written in Greek and Rome hated this. If you look closely they mistranslated the word "Greek" to "Gentile" in newer versions of the Bible. The word "Greek" did not only refer to ethnic Greeks, who most likely are descendants of Javan (son of Japheth) but to everyone who spoke Greek. Greek referred to "educated people" in the Bible. Today we are using a Latin script in most of Europe because of Rome. However, in the East they use Cyrillic scripts which were created by Saint Cyrill who invented all of the alphabets for the Slavs because they could not read. And this is the next misconception of today's mind, Cyrillic is not Slavic at all. It is a modification of the Greek alphabet with the intention to preach the Gospel to the illiterate pagan Slavs. Even the Galatians (book of Galatians in the New Testament) spoke both Greek and Celtic. So as a Celt, you have to read the book of Galatians with very different eyes. Saint Paul is directly addressing our people. Please understand me correctly here, German and Latin culture have their place too. But they need to stop forcing their believes on the Greeks and Celts by falsifying our history and persecuting us for simply staying close to our roots.

[@geoDB.]

My condolences to you for being born an *lbanian

[@BumblebeeTuna8]

Noricum was formed after the Celts/Gauls migrated into it. Prior to the migration, the Land of what became known as Noricum was inhabited by Pannonian Peoples. When the Gauls invaded and occupied Britain it was already known by that Name as the Gauls described it as the Land where nothing grows.

[@ermioniburgess8720]

Keltos was son of Hercules.

[@x0lopossum]

1:15 WOW, I didn't know Celts fought Greeks like this. 2:28, Didn't Brennus also attack the early Roman republic? 6:28 / 7:10 the origin of the province of gallacia in Anatolia.

[@KnowHistory]

That was a different Brennus! :D but also a Celt!

[@decay-154]

Two cities called Galli poli today . One in south of Italy one in Dardanelles

[@PanzerTank758]

​@@decay-154 Both are Kallipolis meaning Fine City. It has nothing to do with Celts

[@giorgosstamatopoulos8115]

@@PanzerTank758 ΚΑLLIPOLIS =ΚΑΛΛΙΠΟΛΙΣ = GOOD CITY or GOOD POLIS or FINE CITY

[@morgant.dulaman8733]

@@KnowHistory If memory serves, "Brennus" means king, and so my guess is that we're just getting the title. I'm not sure why, but perhaps the Greeks and Romans conflated the title with a name (or perhaps just didn't care enough to list it) when writing they're histories, and seeing as the Celts didn't write theirs down...

[@jorge6594]

Interesting. I've been to Ankara recently and found some mentions of the Celts in the Roman Baths museum.

[@luongo7886]

Are you Portuguese? When I visited your beautiful land, I attended an out door Celtic festival and was told that in the northern region, there are lots of Celtic people still living there. Is this true?

[@KnowHistory]

I am and thank you! Ahah but that is bold claim! We are indeed descendent of those celts and a lot more other ancient people but by no means are we celts today! Nevertheless, the northern parts or portugal + galicia in spain are the most celtic regions in the whole iberian peninsula iirc! :D the festivals are amazing!

[@kamion53]

It seems that Southern Portugal was the original place of origine of the Celts or at least the Celtic language. It's original lats in the Atlantic traderoutes as a trade language and not so much ethnic spreading.

[@KnowHistory]

@robertolang9684 are you ok bud?

[@christianwestling2019]

In another timeline, an newly independent larger Greece in the 19th/early 20th century would control these lands and invite irish & scottish settlers to re-celticize Galatia. :)

[@mikloscsuvar6097]

Thank you. I wanted always to know, where did the Galatas of Paul come from.

[@peterroberts7684]

Me too.

[@mysticnovelbro]

Germanic origins for the Gauls maybe, but they married from and imported many Druidic and Hiberno-Celtic elements from the British Isles. Sometimes the mythic origins usually pan out to be closer to the truth than the guesswork of a Celtophilic historian from the continent.

[@MarcoBonechi]

There was no Germany.

[@mysticnovelbro]

@@MarcoBonechi ??????

[@mysticnovelbro]

@@MarcoBonechi still wondering WTF you're talking about btw

[@CharWick5]

Amazing as always!!

[@KnowHistory]

Thank you so much!!

[@ryuzzakibsb]

You know that the boundaries between Asia and Europe is just a historical/geographical concept and that ancient peoples travelled with relative freedom, as long as the land was hospitable.

[@micahistory]

wow the quality in this was just incredible! You really improved!

[@hallopatif]

I want to indicate that Anatolia (or Asia Minor) is not a part of "Asia" in antiquity yes it was the actual "Asia" but if we compare that to modern times we can say that Anatolia is more integrated with Europe rather than Asia, so I think when we are talking about Anatolia we should mention it as a Europe integrated part of the world.

[@dgrszkyp]

As a Turk, I'd like to apologize but I laughed my ass off.

[@brettsh.2545]

Holy crap dude, this was great!!! Props from an Azorean-American professor. :)

[@KnowHistory]

Thank you so much! Or should I say Obrigado? :D the azores are so beautiful! I wish to visit them someday!

[@TurkishZombie]

5:46 I live near the Asian part and it is forested just like the other side. We even have a national park there.

[@Ulaza567]

So Ankara was actually founded by celts. This is some great information to use at parties (I'm Turkish)

[@peterthesneakybastar]

No it was not. It was founded by Anatolians. The word Ankara is Greek for “Anchor” and was given to the city well before the Celts arrived

[@taochanga]

it wasn't found by the kelts, i am from ankara and this is not true.

[@Freedmoon44]

Lol, although its true that its unlikely that the city itself was founded by the Galatians, it was definitly occupied and develloped by them anyway at one point. Take Rome for example, Latins founded the village yea, Etrurian however develloped the city, which made it into an Etruscan city filled with Latin population

[@universetraveler5826]

@@Freedmoon44 “Developed” probably isn’t the best word since these Celts were relatively small in number compared to the large population of Ankara, hence why they so quickly assimilated and adopted Hellenic culture

[@Freedmoon44]

@@universetraveler5826 building 3 huts counts as devellop, not a lot granted hahaha

[@systemreset9410]

Yeah, some of these Galatians mixed with other local Anatolians who were Hellenized, and Greeks themselves and eventually Turks. Yet some of their descendants continue to exist unmixed in these areas and noticeable with their prominent red hair. They are often thought to be of Circassian/Chechen descent due to this feature when they go to big cities like Istanbul.

[@Abeturk]

terms and conditions (akar-eser / eser-eker) EĞER-ISE = (EVEN-IF) (su AKAR- yel ESER) = water flows - wind blows İSE-EĞER = (IF-EVER) (yel ESER- ekin EĞER)= the wind blows and bows the crops EĞER-ISE and İSE-EĞER constructs are used to specify "conditions" and are often used interchangeably. İSE-EĞER: means "If ever" and indicates a condition that is more likely to occur. "If ever you need any help, just let me know." (Yardıma ihtiyacın olursa eğer, sadece haber ver.) or (Herhangi bir yardıma ihtiyaç duyarsan, bana haber vermen yeterli) “If I'm not tired, we’ll visit them in the evening.” = “Yorgun değilsem eğer akşamleyin onları ziyaret ederiz” EĞER-ISE: means "Even if" and indicates a condition that is less likely to occur. "Even if it rains tomorrow, I will go for a walk." (Yarın yürüyüşe çıkacağım, eğer yağmur yağıyor olsa dahi ) or (Yarın yağmur yağsa bile yürüyüşe çıkacağım.) “Why should i go to work, (even) if I'm not getting my salary” = Eğer maaşımı alamıyorsam, neden işe gideyim ki.

[@doyouwantthetotalwar]

That much of "unmixedness" is infeasible for that much of generations. Genes dont work that way. After severeal generations the dormant genes may kick in.

[@xxyy5431]

No! Wrong comment. I'm Turkish and I've never seen red hair Circassian.

[@dgrszkyp]

There is something you missed, the Turks have been a mixed race for thousands of years anyway, because they were nomads in Eurasian lands until modern times. At least half of the European-looking Turks you see in Turkey today are Turkic nomads who came to Anatolia from the North.

[@doyouwantthetotalwar]

@@dgrszkyp proto-Turks were a mix of East Asian(Tungid-Mongoloid), West Asian/Europid(Caucasoid Scythian et al) and Siberian(Catch all reindeer herders, paleo Siberians etc). The OP doesnt know what he is talking about

[@aaronlemaster7139]

I was wondering when they get around to this. This is a discussion I had with my brother many years ago. And I have been searching for the answe for a long time. Anatolians and Celt, and now the picture of Gobekli Teppe comes into focus. Along with the Paracas, and the revelation of Abraham being from Ur in Anatolia, the pieces are coming together. Interesting.

[@Serkanbah]

and if you think today Turkish people still has shaman and pagan beliefs it will be more interesting :)

[@aaronlemaster7139]

@Serkanbah You skipped right over Abraham... didn't you? I am not sure how you can miss that, seeing he has given the world great grief (in their opinion) that still exists today. There is a lot of fill in that I left out. But the point is that there is a reason Anatolia may be the point of migration spreading.

[@MorganCunningham-w6d]

The Hallstatt model is wrong; Celts originated in the Rhine River Basin and spread westward, conquering Gaul, The British Isles, and much of Iberia. The later expansions eastward into modern Austria and the Balkans are also not the origin of the Galatians, as we know that the Tectosagii at the very least were from Gaul proper.

[@voiceofreason2674]

@1:15 the celts only made it to Britain by 275 BC ? Wow

[@nara808]

That’s are far back as proven but it would be wise to assume they were there much earlier. Indo Europeans have been there for quite a while.

[@Michael_the_Drunkard]

7:31 Ancyra was founded by the Phrygians not the Celts.

[@xxx_rotfd_xiii_xii3619]

It was actually the Albanian Anatolians

[@bg1052]

​@@xxx_rotfd_xiii_xii3619 Settlement of Ankara dates back to the Hittites

[@xxx_rotfd_xiii_xii3619]

@@bg1052 ok smartass… Hittites were allied with the Dardanians of Troy (Albanians)

[@InAeternumRomaMater]

Many talk about the Celts of Anatolia. But few talk about the Thracians of Anatolia

[@rogerdodger8813]

Even Less talk about the Greeks of Anatolia.

[@koseku3]

anatolia is such a melting pot, there is trace of many ethnic people. greetings from ankara

[@TomorrowWeLive]

Not since the Turks colonised it

[@koseku3]

@@TomorrowWeLive turk is only a label. there are many cultures behind it

[@GaemingStudios]

​@@TomorrowWeLive the Turks have blood of Greeks, Galatians, and many others so they still are there but they are assimilates

[@williamdavis9562]

@@TomorrowWeLive People don't vanish into thin air. They simply get absorbed into different languages and cultures.

[@rogerdodger8813]

Slaves!

[@xxyy5431]

In Turkey today, excluding the Thrace (Rumeli) region and the eastern and central Black Sea regions (I mean Kipchak, Balkan and Caucasian origin Turks), the region (city) with the highest number of blond people is yozgat. Having blonde hair is a common feature among Yozgat Turks. At the same time, Yozgat is the city with the highest rate of red-haired people in Turkey. This situation BC. It is related to the Celts who came to Anatolia in the 300s and founded the Galatia kingdom in Anatolia. The Celts managed to preserve their language for a long time. Some of them took Greek names and became Greek. In the sources, the king of Galatia is mentioned in the Battle of Manzikert. When the Turks came to Anatolia, this people is not mentioned at all. These people did not suddenly disappear. They became Muslims and became Turkish. In other words, the Celts did not disappear, they still live in Central Anatolia (especially around Yozgat and Çorum). People who have traveled all over Anatolia will understand what I'm talking about.

[@damionkeeling3103]

Aren't those red and blonde people more likely to be Circassians as they settled in those regions you mentioned and are very fair people.

[@xxyy5431]

@@damionkeeling3103What does it have to do with Circassians? I don't understand this. Circassians live in some parts of Central Anatolia and the Black Sea region. Also, I have never seen a red-haired Circassian.

[@damionkeeling3103]

@@xxyy5431 Fair enough, I don't live there, but the Circassians came from the Caucasus' and blonde and red haired people are relatively common there. Also the Gauls were said to be mixed with the Greeks as far back as the 2nd century bc so it's unlikely their descendants make up a great percentage of the population over 2000 years later and especially for red hair which is a recessive gene. There weren't that many Gauls to begin with, they formed an aristocracy over the local Phrygians, Greeks and what ever other people were around at the time.

[@xxyy5431]

@@damionkeeling31031) Most Circassians are blonde, but their characteristic features are white skin and dark hair. 2) Blonde rate in Turkey is around 30% in Thrace (Balkan), around 20-25% in the Eastern Black Sea region, and around 15% in Yozgat. This is very few or rare outside of the regions I mentioned. The phenotype varies according to the regions of Turkey. 3) I didn't say redheads are common. For example, if you see 1 redhead in 1000 people on the street, you will see 1 or 2 out of 100 people in Yozgat. 4) The presence of the king of Galatia is mentioned in the Battle of Manzikert. A French traveler who came to Anatolia in those years realized that there was a tribe similar to them. So, although the Galatians used Greek names (perhaps they spoke Greek), they were aware of their own identity. 5) A friend of mine from there did a DNA test and it was 60% Celtic. (DNA results show Scotland and Ireland.)

[@damionkeeling3103]

@@xxyy5431 Thanks, do you know who the French traveller was or what book his story is in?

[@BumblebeeTuna8]

The Celts originated from Gaul spreading into Germany and Pannonia (East Austria was originally part of Pannonia just like Hungary and other Regions bordering Dacia and the Balkans) prior to the Roman and German Conquests of what became Austria. The Gauls even Celticized the British Isles.

[@Freedmoon44]

? Im Breton the last celtic language on the continent despite being islandic celt, love to study celt stuff, i can garantee Gallia is NOT the origins of the celts. Like Helvetia is closer to that than the Gauls and they mostly came from South Germany. The Gauls arent even anything close to a unified culture anyway, the Celts arent even a unified culture they are a group of culture of loosely related people sharing a few common aspects. The Germanic tribes did take over the land of origin of the Celts later on before the Celts mostly fell apart but prior yea... These lands of origin were the one that expanded Eastward towards the Balkans Galatia and Dacia, also the ones to go toward Gallia and cross the Pyrhenees. The only thing the Gallic celts did do is Celticize the british isle because it was done in a different wave of colonisation isolated from the rest. And also get a good chunk of controll over Italy at one point? Hmmmmm

[@BumblebeeTuna8]

@@Freedmoon44 no, the Germans were conquered by the Celts/Gauls who expanded Eastward into Germany and much of other Europe. The Celtic/Gaulish Culture predates the Hallstatt and Helvetii (a Germanic Tribe conquered by Gauls) as they were conquered by the Gauls for Centuries prior to the Rise of the Roman Empire. The modern French are Descendants of the Gauls so we are the original Celts of Europe. The Ligurians, Latins, Sardinians, Tuscans, and others of Italy weren't unified until the rise of the Roman Empire but they were all Italians. By your Logic if you claim the French to descend from the Franks/Germans then the Germans descend from the Gauls/Celts in the first Place as the Gauls spread Eastward to occupy them for Centuries. There are even many German Villages, Cities, Rivers, Hills, etc. named after those of France/Gaul.

[@leornendeealdenglisc]

I really enjoyed this

[@historydocumentary]

Awesome video, love your work. Would you consider a cross-over shout out for our fans?

[@herculesteyn2396]

According to several sources, Ankara was not founded by the Gauls. It was founded as a small village by the Hatti people more than a thousand years before the Gauls arrived in Anatolia. After the Hatti, it became a Hittite village, and after them, the Phrygians turned it into a major city. If was only after that, that the Gauls arrived in the city.

[@Grecorromanohistoriaytotalwar]

Hello friend, how do you eliminate the borders of the map (Imperator rome)?

[@johnking6252]

Fascinating spec of history! Thx. for the story.✌️👍

[@mdevres]

As an Anatolian, I always felt close to the Celts and their culture. Thank you for this video 🙂

[@mdevres]

@@gidemnas Actually I am partly Greek, that had to convert after the Republic...But it is really hard to talk about it, and note that I did not say Turk, but Anatolian :-)

[@mdevres]

@@gidemnas I definitely think that Turks and Kurds in general should feel closer to Greeks and Armenians and vice versa, we have an incredible amount of common cultural heritage. Long live the brotherhood of the peoples and down with tyrannical nationalism!

[@Acer-kz9me]

​@@mdevresAynen kanzi bak Anadolulusun dedin diye seni sevip saydılar medeni gördüler, bak bilmem nereden göçen gelen ailen Yunanistan'dan geldi diye kendine Yunan dedin seni kabul ettiler. 🤙🏿🤙🏿 Bir anlayamadınız şunların Türk düşmanlığını.

[@Acer-kz9me]

​@@gidemnasPersonally I don't, because I don't have to feel like that. There was a bloody war between Turks and those nations, so many Turks killed by those nations, maybe same thing for them. So you can not expect that like nothing happened. I don't feel like that, we don't feel like that. First of all those nations should change their mentality. The reason for the existence of those nations is Turkish hostility, how can I feel close and empathize with them? They are literally seeing me as an enemy although I was born in the 21st century. :d

[@lba6859]

​​@@Acer-kz9me why do you want them to change their mentality but not going to change yours? So he, whose ancestors were killed and raped should not mention this,??? but you, whose ancestors (not personally you but in general your nation) should glorify yours, including those that killed and raped???

[@Roland.Deschain]

0:12 Hi, where did you guys get this 3D work of Anatolia? Awesome work btw.

[@sah1681]

Same here, fascinating, a fact this history buff didn't know! I am from Galatia! Not only that having born in Lyconia, which merged to become a province of The Roman Empire.

[@ofaoilleachain]

As a Gael of Ireland, this was enjoyable to watch, and interesting to learn about. Love the Greeks, ye fought well.

[@juliankillsgoats9859]

An interesting video. But can I ask why did you use that location as Tylis or Tyle and what are your sources about it? As far as I know, the capital of the celtic state that was founded on the Balkans is still debated and its location is heavily debated. 5:40

[@jasonpaphites4427]

I was like hey, I remember this mission from imperator Rome. Then the video loads up with imperator Rome music.

[@janusgates2589]

I slapped my face at the pass they discovered to encircle the Greeks at Thermopylae, COULD YOU GUYS BLOCK THAT FRIKIN GOAT PATH ALREADY!

[@Psychoactive010]

There is no evidence these 'Galatians' the Greeks referred to were "Celts". No one is or was a "Celt". A "Celtis" is an Old Latin word that means 'chisel'. Look up the word origin for Celt if you need clarification.. "Scythians" is a Greek reference to a 'Scythe'; the utensil used by the local Wheat farmers with whom the Black Sea Greeks traded with..

[@unbeatable_all]

Your a clown aren't you

[@mver191]

There certainly were Celts. Same gods, names, and practices.

[@zaya5629]

6:00 Bithynia wasn't a Greek kingdom. It was founded by the Bithyni, a Thracian tribe.

[@Peter-wd6dg]

They became a Hellenistic state by that time they adopted the Greek culture and took the Greek title for king "Basileus" and their minted their coins with portraits of their kings in the Greek style.

[@zaya5629]

@@Peter-wd6dg Still not a Greek kingdom. That's like calling the Ottoman Empire a Persian empire due to the Persian cultural influences it had (including the Persian title for king "padishah").

[@Peter-wd6dg]

@@zaya5629 they were already heavily hellenized by this stage not like the Turks who still kept their identity separate from the persians the thracians at this stage in Bythinia already embraced the Greekness and their customs and language also they would already had greek subjects living the already like the Ionian Greeks who had settled their previously and had already mixed with them the native Thracian identity would already been eroded.

[@sgeosg]

@@zaya5629 you just dont want to accept that almost the whole area of minor asia had to many greek settlements i see this comments from turks

[@zaya5629]

@@Peter-wd6dg Bithynia is far from Ionia, and Greeks didn't settle in Bithynia before the Thracian Bithyni tribe did. The Greek colonies on the Black Sea coast of Bythinia were established later. When the Bithyni conquered the land that later became "Bithynia", it was populated by Mysians, Caucones, Phrygians and the Bebryces (another Thracian tribe), not populated by Greeks. I have no reason to believe that the Bithyni and the Bebryces in Bithynia had already been Hellenised when the Celts entered Phrygia. Even Phrygians hadn't been Hellenised yet by that time.

[@VinnyBloo]

So many Celts named Brennus. It was like their Bob.

[@D0GGy333]

It means war lord and Celts (mostly Gauls) were considered great warriors

[@kaushiksheshnagraj7176]

Wow I like your content. Editing and narrating make your channel my favorite. Your work should be admired . You are deserve more subscriber I hope you must gain 1 Million subscriber by the end of this year. Please keep continue this type of amazing work. Your admirable hard work and deep research make you the best channel on KZbin. But brother I am waiting for an promised video on Skanderbeg when it will come?

[@KnowHistory]

Thank you so much for all those words! I am writing it as we speak, I really dunno when will it come out, can be December, January or February! I am currently very busy with my job so that's why the videos are coming out so slowly, I'm waiting for my holidays to focus entirely on video production! I'm sorry to keep you waiting, but I hope you'll enjoy it as soon as it comes out! There should be at least 1 or 2 videos before the Skanderbeg one releases!

[@kaushiksheshnagraj7176]

@@KnowHistory thank you so much

[@matm4413]

holding thermopylae and losing due to the secret mountain pass name a more iconic due

[@leonidasvafiadis4635]

A forgotten trumph even bigger than that of Leonidas, especially when the looters bar bat Celts tried to steal the thesaurus of DELPHI. Aetolians men and women destroyed them to the ground.

[@mirzau1564]

After I did a dna test I got 15 percent Celtic, I’m half turkish and half Dutch/German, first I though it must be from my Germanic side but it was impossible since I got 48% Western Europe, so it must be from my Turkish side, may I be descended from the galatians?

[@mver191]

Celts are Western Europe. They even lived in the Netherlands.

[@alfonsohuaman6116]

I didn’t know it happened so “recently” obviously it was over 2000 years ago but I just assumed that they were just there for longer

[@kamion53]

it seems that Galatian language did not disappear until the 2nd century CE. You might wonder is there ever was made a Galatian translation of Paul's Epistle to the Galatians.

[@attilatasciko4817]

Thanks , very interesting

[@tadcotadco6344]

How do you know that Celts crossed La manche on 275BCE exactly? What's the source?

[@calum5975]

Not on 275BCE exactly, but BY. There's extensive material evidence that correlates this. Many historians believe they were throughout Britain far earlier. There is no consensus, but most agree they were in Britain by at least 275BCE.

[@WalesTheTrueBritons]

One of the most twisted perceptions of history ever. The reason they were there wasn’t because they went eastward, it was because they were from there and went westwards through the Mediterranean. This is why we constantly see the ever famous Gal appear in so many place names. And where the Galleon ship gets its name. It’s still present in place names such as Galway, Galicia, Galles (Wales, which in reality comes from the word Gwalia), Gallipoli, Etc etc. there is also Physical proof as they found Skeletal remains under Stonehenge and matched closest to the people of Modern day Wales and Parts of Turkey.

[@lba6859]

All is correct. Only small remark- parts of Turkey, very likely to be where indigenous to the area population lived- Armenians, Greeks.

[@morgant.dulaman8733]

That's one theory for the origin of the Celts out of many. Truth is, we'll probably never know. My leanings are towards the Halstatt explanation, but I'll own that without any written documents or even myths from the Celts themselves, we don't really have anything to go on besides conjectures based on archeology. Considering "Celts" was a catchall for the peoples who ranged throughout Europe and Anatolia, we should also consider the possibility that there was no single starting point: considering we're talking about people who were named based off of traits such as clothing, artistic style, and language, it's possible if not probable that a lot of them we're merely Europeans who traced their language to the Indo-Europeans, had been there since their earliest ancestors arrived during or after the Ice Age, and during the Iron Age, their cultures coalesced into what we think of today through trade and warfare. After all, how much of "culture" is ultimately a response to the particular environment a people are adapting to, and if adopting the practices of those around them helps them to survive and prosper, then most will eventually start to adapt.

[@thomasbradley512]

The province of Galatia would in the first century CE be the first Celts to accept Christianity. The letter of Paul to the church in Galatia is the book of Galatians. This is where Celtic Christianity begins. The Irish would be the last Celts to accept Christianity.

[@Melvorgazh]

What happened to them at the around the 4-6th century AD?

[@LuisAldamiz]

Re. the introduction, I have to generally commend your mapping effort, whcih is much better than most we find online, however some corners should be cut in Iberia and also the Alps, while more land should be given to the Celts in what is now Hungary and Slovakia instead. In Lusitania the Celts never conquered the coast, which remained in the hands of the Turduli and Conii (both probably of Tartessian or West Iberian language), in Cartaginense or modern La Mancha you also give them too much land, Astures and Cantabri were also pre-Indoeuropean (their own distinct group since at least the early Bronze Age). This is all apparent in the archaeological record and the most consolidated tomonymy such as -briga or seg- names. In the Western Alps, the Ligures dominated and were clearly pre-Celtic and pre-Indoeuropean, in Veneto-Friuli they were Veneti, which are generally considered Italics and not Celts (that was surely the core route of Italic penetration from Central Europe in the Late Bronze Age and also linguistics say so). The Celtic route of entry was via what we now call Lombardy and it's one of the oldest expansions of the Celts (already in the Urnfields culture period or late Bronze Age), so it's probable tha Urnfields culture represent still poorly differentiated Celto-Italics but that Italics originated further east than the Celts and that Celts (or Gaels/Gauls, as they usually called themselves, Keltos is probably a Vasconic exonym with elements of slur, Basque keldo = vagabond, adopted by the Greeks of Massalia first of all) originated approximately in historical Suabia (Baden-Würtemberg, Alsace, Eastern Switzerland). In Hungary-Slovakia or Pannonia, the sometimes called father of Celtic studies, Venceslas Kruta, says that there was a push in the La Tène (middle-late Iron Age) period by the Celts but they met resistance by the Dacians and thus a Celto-Dacian somewhat mixed cultural area emerged there, in any case Celts should be acknowledged west of the Danube, Dacians east of the Maros and maybe a buffer zone in between. Celts also suffered important losses in the late Iron Age (bordering early History in the region) by the relentless advance of less civilized Germanics pushing from the North. Again per Kruta, the Germanics destroyed the Celtic oppidae (proto-cities) and with them their socio-economic structure. By the time of Caesar the Germanics were already pushing on the Upper Rhine area and that's part of why Rome intervened in Gaul and how events ensued in that period.

[@Abeturk]

terms and conditions (akar-eser / eser-eker) EĞER-ISE = (EVEN-IF) (su AKAR- yel ESER) = water flows - wind blows İSE-EĞER = (IF-EVER) (yel ESER- ekin EĞER)= the wind blows and bows the crops EĞER-ISE and İSE-EĞER constructs are used to specify "conditions" and are often used interchangeably. İSE-EĞER: means "If ever" and indicates a condition that is more likely to occur. "If ever you need any help, just let me know." (Yardıma ihtiyacın olursa eğer, sadece haber ver.) or (Herhangi bir yardıma ihtiyaç duyarsan, bana haber vermen yeterli) “If I'm not tired, we’ll visit them in the evening.” = “Yorgun değilsem eğer akşamleyin onları ziyaret ederiz” EĞER-ISE: means "Even if" and indicates a condition that is less likely to occur. "Even if it rains tomorrow, I will go for a walk." (Yarın yürüyüşe çıkacağım, eğer yağmur yağıyor olsa dahi ) or (Yarın yağmur yağsa bile yürüyüşe çıkacağım.) “Why should i go to work, (even) if I'm not getting my salary” = Eğer maaşımı alamıyorsam, neden işe gideyim ki.

[@loslobos786]

There's a large population of Egyptians in the western part of the country near Siwa I believe that are all Blond hair and blue eyes. Some enterprising young geneticists tested the population and found that these people are descended from the Anatolian Celts brought to Egypt by the Ptolemy's as mercenaries in their wars with the other Greek powers of their time.

[@Cool-yr8go]

Most of the mercenaries were from former Macedonia Albania and former Bulgaria 😁 and Turkey has many citizens of this area even today 😅

[@loslobos786]

@@Cool-yr8go Naahhh they were able to compare the Genome of the current residents with graves in the area and compare that with archeological remains from known Galatians and Egyptian sources. It was the same this coupled with the historical information stating that the Ptolemy's gave the Galatians land in that area proved the people were one in the same. It's all very fascinating.

[@Cool-yr8go]

@@loslobos786 All of them with blue and blond eyes are from illiryan-macedo All of them who have blu and blond eyes come from illirian-macedonian from alexander the great even today there are people in afghanistan pakistan who speak same language as ancient illirian-maced

[@Garwfechan-ry5lk]

Well the Ottoman Maps mark the Celtic names of Gaer and (Ankyra) Yn Caerau in Galatea certainly they are Brythonic Celtic names and in Croatia they have stories of Thousands of Celts from the West including families. These may well have been some of the tribes about 500 BC that came East, others had gone into what is now Italy and lived and thrived amongst the Etruscans these were also of Brythonic types, their main city was Caeau which still exists and was a important trading City, the fledgling City of Rome had been founded by the Etruscans and there were Celts there as well and they also lived amongst the Romans later, it is known that many Romans knew of Brittania through the Etruscans and the Greeks, who had traded there for about a Thousand years before the Romans arrived in Britain, Fiesole was an important Celtic area around Florence in Tuscany, there is an interesting museum there that have Celtic artefacts including a Bronze bull which one very similar was found at a Hillfort Near Maesteg in South Wales and dated to 800 BC, these Celtic Tribes included Brennus later, Brennus was the Greek way of saying the Brythonic Celtic name for a King Brenin. There are also maps that show where the Celts moved in Southern Turkey and even Eastern Turkey, moving with Greeks and later Armenians, Romans used Celts in Turkey and there were Celts with the Spartans at Thermopylae. If you are a Cymro like myself you will probably find Turks are very comfortable with you, so to strangely Kurds, they know they have encounters with Celts in their Histories, the word Khymry also comes up in Southern Turkey, also around the Van area of Turkey a Armenian stronghold in ancient times, Anatolia was a mass of different races Celts among them. Khymry and Cymru have the same meaning Brotherhood. It was also noted by Homer that Trojans had Keltoi names, that well maybe correct, I have some diaries of a Relative of mine who was a noted archaeologist from Victorian Times Sir Arthur Evans of Knossos fame or infamy if you wanted the opinion of the English Establishment, he hated being called English by the way being a Cymric speaker and was a proud Celt. Little is talked or writte about his quests and travels in Anatolia Galatea and Capadoccia in Turkey he had visited the sits around the Bospherus and the Aegean, but he was more interested in the Central part of Turkey where Alexander and Darius Xerxes etc would have Travelled and Central to that is Galatea he visited the area of Gaer near Ankara and looked at the Burial Mounds that were to detail the same as in Britain, the ones that are still left and not Destroyed date from 600 BC to about 300 AD, and would have been used for Generations, he did not open any. They had obviously thrived for Centuries, Bodrum has Celtic Connections as does Efes but these are only conjecture, but Capadoccia has many interesting sites that are untouched to date. Christianity as in Britain came early to the Celts and it is known that the Welsh saint Pelargus visited Greece and what is now Turkey in the early 4th Century AD , he was later Ex Communicated by Saint David at Cardigan in the early 6th Century some Two Hundred years after his Death, Pelargus his Welsh name is Pelyr is greatly revered in the Greek Georgian Serbian Russian and Ukrainian Orthdox Church, as a Icon which can be found in Moscow St Petersburg Athens Istanbul Belgrade and many Monasteries. The only reference in writing of his death, is in the Church at Caerwent in Gwent where there is a Stone probable grave marker with his Greek Name written on it in Latin alongside that stone is another to the Roman Paulinus. He is thought to come back to what is now Wales to die, he is one of the Founders of the Colleges at Llanilltyd Fawr and Llancarfan which began in the 3rd Century and were obliterated by the Normans in the Twelth Century, many Saints Kings and High Ecclesiasts were Taught the Scriptures and Laws there like St Illtyd who taught there and later Cwentyn Malo Non David Samson Iago and hundreds of others in the area where the Romans had brought Christianity first to Britain in the late 1st Century . History in Britain is linked to Europe much earlier than what Historians like to say . Seek and ye will find sayeth the Lord. Nos da

[@abidincetin3691]

Anadolu'da Cymru diye bir yer adı duymadım... Kuzey Kafkasyda Gimri kalesi kenti var. Kimmerler buralardan çıkıp Kimmerige ye goc etmis olmalılar... Batı Gurcistan da KOLHİ devleti vardı... Apsini Aphazya da deniz kıyısında Gal kenti var... Türkiye'de Tunceli de Kalan ilçesi var... Diyarbakır Egil de AnGalawa kalesi var. AnGales Suakasenler buralardan batıya Galitz Halitz üzerinden Galya, PortuGal, Galicia bölgelerine göç etmiş olmalılar... Nitekim PortuGal Galicia KatAlanya müzikleri ve oyunları Aset Alan İronlari hatırlatıyor...

[@Garwfechan-ry5lk]

@@abidincetin3691 Thank you , Galicia in Portugal very much recognises itself with Gaels of Ireland and the Celts of Britain , Basques recognise themselves with the Celts of Britain and there are certain areas where there are similarities, we are very Ancient peoples with very ancient Languages, undoubtedly Turks that now occupy Turkey have travelled great Distances in their long history, if we think of Turkmenistan and the much Suppressed Uighurs of North Western China, Turks have a great History from India and China to Europe , Parthians may well have been Turkic Azeri's also even Georgia has Turkic roots, we tend to think only in terms of Modern times, when in those Ancient times the Flow of Peoples was immense . Turkey was the Pathway East and West of course in Ancient times it was a Area of many different peoples , with Lands that fought over again and again. I hope you keep well in your Beautiful and diverse land with an incredible History.

[@prisondaddy5037]

Could this be why the northern half of Turkey has a high percentage of red hair?

[@D0GGy333]

They say that's the reason about Yozgat region too

[@Veerus-m6w]

Galatians have settled into the central anatolia, not the northern parts of the peninsula.

[@animationfanatic2133]

Paul wrote his letter to the Galatians, i guess the descendants of these people

[@channelBaris]

Gutians, Hitits, Truvans, Meds, Etrucians (Roma), Kelts, Gauls, Seljuks (Turkish-Kurdish alliance), Ayyubids (Turkish-Kurdish-Arab alliance), same people. We are still living mostly in Anatolia (Shadi tribe-Şadi). People know us as a Habsburg family in the west history. our family flag is two headed Eagle.

[@guluzaryilmaz6061]

I am from Central Anatolia,Nigde. My mum's family and most of the village are all blond with blue eyes..Made me wonder now.

[@xxyy5431]

Şöyle şeyler yazıp durmayın. Evet bir Kelt genetigi var Anadoluda fakat Nigdede değil Yozgat-Çorum dolaylarinda daha yaygın bu genetik. Bi kere sarı saç bize hem atalarımızdan hem de diğer kavimlerden gelen bir genetik miras. Şu tip saçma şeyleri yazınca yabancılarda: "Aaa evet bu bizden kaynaklanıyor ya da ne kadar ilginç" gibi yorumlar yapıyorlar. Yani öyle bi yazmışsın ki sanki bir Türkün sarışın olması çok ilginç bir şey 😄 Kısacası yorumumuz yanlış anlaşılıyor

[@guluzaryilmaz6061]

@@xxyy5431 Hem atalarimizdan hemde diger kavimlerden diyorsunuz aciklayin oyleyse hangi kavimler oldugum? Kelt olmasi sizin icin ihtimal degil anladigim kadariyla.

[@turkcukayi]

@@guluzaryilmaz6061 Ketler Ankara Yozgat dolaylarında yoğunlaştılar. Ordan da kuzeye Bitinya ve Paflagonya bölgesine yayılım gösterdiler.

[@guluzaryilmaz6061]

@@turkcukayi Benim duydugum Britanyadan Anadoluya geldikleri.

[@turkcukayi]

@@guluzaryilmaz6061 Britanya değil Anadolu'da Bitinya bölgesi var. Güney Marmara ve Batı Karadeniz'in bir kısmına deniyor. Paflagonya'da Batı Karadeniz'in kalan kısmı için söyleniyor. Galatlar Avrupa'da Galya'dan yani bugünkü günümüz Fransa'sından geldiler.

[@Sutorenja]

one must imagine the celts at Delphi, earth shaking and lightning striking, thinking to themselves "oh fuck, Zeus is real and he is pissed"

[@historydocumentary]

Brilliant!

[@Katir_KARAKACAN]

Dam, I am Turkish and I never knew that our capitals name was Celtic

[@D0GGy333]

I don't know turkish language but i know there is sources and videos about it if u wanna look it up !

[@burakonderuslu679]

The name Yozgat which i assume gat/grat may mean city?? doesn't make sense in Turkish,Greek,Arabic,Persian or anything. Same like Ankara, also i can't track Turkic footprint of some names like my middle name Önder. It doesn't exist in any source.

[@burakonderuslu679]

@@D0GGy333 what sources?

[@LetsGoCatchUsSomeFISH]

I love my peoples history. Celtics Forever!

[@imperatoredelkumineolitici7624]

1:10 why the VENETIA is green?? The veneti tribe wasnt celtic...

[@peoplesrecords2593]

Celtic origins have been reconsidered by many scholars. Celtic from the west, either from Spain or France is the current model.

[@jiritichy7967]

It would help to show on th map the places mentioned in the verbal presentation .

[@ВячеславОщепков-ы2р]

Спасибо очень интересно

[@KnowHistory]

Спасибо! Пожалуйста! :D

[@nativoplantas2003]

Thanks

[@RhiannonSenpai]

Celts lived in today Western Romania as well.

[@RhiannonSenpai]

@robertolang9684 No. They were closer to the Sarmatians.

[@RhiannonSenpai]

@robertolang9684 The Dacians even fought and won wars against the Celts.

[@Scoob505]

You count Ireland as Britain?

[@nektariosorfanoudakis2270]

There is a town called "Galatas" 5km from where I am, I have no idea what's even going on. It means "Milk-man" in modern Greek, but I don't think it's the actual etymology. 😂 Since its first recorded existence was around the 1500s according to Wikipedia Research, we have no idea why it's called like that. Maybe it was named in honour of the Asia Minor city, or indeed was populated by Gauls a ridiculous time ago. Now, since we have villages called "Armenoi", "Bulgarō" etc. in Crete, I have a theory: There was a period Crete was ruled by Saracens, about a Century in total. Nikephoros Phocas invaded to reclaim it for the Empire, but a little known fact is that the Empire believed that Cretans still performed rites for Zeus, around Idaion Andron for example, and that they betrayed the Empire by allowing the Muslims to settle in, since they were more open-minded and tolerant towards Ancient Greek religion back then. So Phokas presumably performed genocide against our local population, not just to "cleanse" the Arabian invaders/protectors but also the local "Greeks", i.e. Pagans. And he brought a large amount of families and their entourages from Constantinopolis to resettle the island with him. So we had settlers from all the regions of the Empire coming here, a well-known Armenian noble family, the Mousouroi, gave their names to a local place for example. Maybe that's the origin of Galatas and other "ethnic" names, it was settled by Gauls originating from the Asia Minor city in this case. (I had reddish facial hair when younger, should I be worried? They turn black through constant shaving though. 😂)

[@chrisnewbury3793]

The "Keltoi" were originally Frisians, or what they called "Phrygians" in Anatolia. "The Oera Linda"

[@penexistence3967]

I've always love the stories and tales, especially the historical ones...